MA211 Week 3 Tutorial Solution
Section 11.1 Rectangular Coordinates in 3-space; Spheres; Cylindrical Surfaces
9. We have (1, −2,4) and (3,4, −12) as endpoints of a diameter.
Find the midpoint:
x x y y2 z1 z2 1 3 2 4 4 12
M 1 2 , 1 , , , 2,1, 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
The midpoint (2,1, −4) of the endpoints of the diameter is the center of the sphere.
Find the radius using one endpoint (1, −2,4) and the midpoint (2,1, −4):
d (2 1)2 (1 2)2 (4 4)2 1 9 64 74
10) Equilateral triangle is a triangle with all three sides of equal length. Each side has length 14 so the
triangle is equilateral.
For example,
d (4 1)2 (5 7)2 (2 3)2 9 4 1 14
17) Let the center of the sphere be (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐). The height of the center over the 𝑥𝑦-plane is measured
along the radius that is perpendicular to the plane. But this is the radius itself, so height = radius, i.e.
𝑐 = 𝑟. Similarly 𝑎 = 𝑟 and 𝑏 = 𝑟.
18) Note that the sphere has center in the first octant and is tangent to each of the three coordinate
planes. That’s mean if r is the radius of the sphere, then the center of the sphere has coordinates
(𝑟, 𝑟, 𝑟).
Thus, the distance from the origin to the center is
d r 2 r 2 r 2 3r ,
and the distance from the origin to the sphere is
3r r (1)
Equate (1) with 3 3 the distance from the origin to the sphere gives
3r r 3 3 r 3 .
The sphere is giving by the equation is
x 3 y 3 z 3
2 2 2
3.
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23) x2 y 2 z 2 10 x 4 y 2 z 19 0
We can put the equation in the form of (4) see textbook page 769 by completing the squares.
x 2 y 2 z 2 10 x 4 y 2 z 19 0
x 2 10 x y 2 4 x z 2 2 z 19
x 5 x 2 x 1 19 25 4 1
2 2 2
x 5 x 2 x 1 49
2 2 2
This is the equation of the sphere with center 𝑐 = (−5, −2, −1) and radius𝑟 = 7.
24) x 2 y 2 z 2 y 0
We can put the equation in the form of (4) see textbook page 769 by completing the squares.
x2 y 2 y z 2 0
2
1 1
x y z2
2
2 4
This is the equation of the sphere with center 𝑐 = (0,1/2,0) and radius𝑟 = 1/2.
25) 2 x2 2 y 2 2 z 2 2 x 3 y 5z 2 0
We can put the equation in the form of (4) see textbook page 769 by completing the squares.
2 x2 2 y 2 2 z 2 2 x 3 y 5z 2 0
3 5
x2 x y 2 y z2 z 1
2 2
2 2 2
1 3 5 1 9 25
x y z 1
2 4 4 4 16 16
2 2 2
1 3 5 1 9 25
x y z 1
2 4 4 4 16 16
2 2 2
1 3 5 27
x y z
2 4 4 8
1 3 5 27
This is the equation of the sphere with center , , and radius r .
2 4 4 8
28) 2 x2 2 y 2 2 z 2 2 x 6 y 8z 1 0
We can put the equation in the form of (4) see textbook page 769 by completing the squares.
x2 y 2 z 2 2 x 6 y 8z 1 0
x 2 2 x y 2 6 y z 2 8 z 1
x 1 y 3 z 4 1 1 9 16
2 2 2
x 1 y 3 z 4 25
2 2 2
2
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This is the equation of the sphere with center 1,3, 4 and radius r 5 .
47) x2 y 2 z 2 2 x 2 y 4 z 3 0
We can put the equation in the form of (4) see textbook page 769 by completing the squares.
x2 y 2 z 2 2x 2 y 4z 3 0
x2 2x y 2 2 y z 2 4 3
x 1 y 1 z 2 9
2 2 2
This is the equation of the sphere with center 1,1, 2 and radius r 3 . The distance between the
origin and the center is
d (1 0)2 (1 0)2 (2 0)2 1 1 4 6 .
Looking at 6 3 meant the origin point is inside the sphere. Thus, the larger distance is 3 6 and
the smallest is 3 6 .
Section 11.5 Parametric Equations of Lines
3) a) P1 (3, 2), P2 (5,1)
P1 P2 5 3,1 2 2,3
Then the parametric equations are
x 3 2t
y 2 3t
for the line. Thus, the line segment that joins P1 and P2 is given by these equations and between P1 and
P2 the values of t lie in 0 t 1 .
b) P1 (5, 2,1), P2 (2, 4, 2)
P1 P2 2 5, 4 2, 2 1 3, 6,1
Then the parametric equations are
x 5 3t
y 2 6t
z 1 t
for the line. Thus, the line segment that joins P1 and P2 is given by these equations and between P1 and
P2 the values of t lie in 0 t 1 .
6) (a) xi yj (3i 4 j) t (2i j)
Determine the parametric equations for the line from the given vector equations.
x 3 2t
y 4 t
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b) ) x, y, z 1,0, 2 t 1,3,0
Determine the parametric equations for the line from the given vector equations.
x 1 t
y 3t
z2
8) a) x, y, z 5,5 t 2,3
By inspection, at t 0, P(1,5) is on the line and v 2i 3j is parallel to the line.
b) xi yj zk (i j 2k ) tj
By inspection, let r0 i j 2k so P(1,1, 2) is on the line, and v j is parallel to the line.
10) a) Using bracket notation and also using i, j, k notation.
x t , y 2 t
Using bracket notation:
x, y 0, 2 t 1,1
Using i,j notation:
r 2 j t (i j)
b)
x 1 t , y 7 3t , z 4 5t
Using bracket notation:
x, y, z 1, 7, 4 t 1,3, 5
Using i,j,k notation:
r i 7 j 4k t (i 3j 5k )
15) The line through (-5,2) that is parallel to 2i 3j .
Let x0 5, y0 2, a 2, b 3 we obtain
x 5 2t
y 2 3t
16) The line through (0,3) that is parallel to the line x 5 t , y 1 2t .
Let x0 0, y0 3, a 1, b 2 we obtain
xt
y 3 2t
17) The line that is tangent to the circle x 2 y 2 25 at the point (3,-4).
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Vector equation v of the line by implicit differentiate x 2 y 2 25 .
dx
dy 2
x y 2 25 x 2 y 2 (25)
dy
dx
dy
dx
dy
2x 2 y 0
dx
dy x (3) 3
dx y 4 4
v 4i 3j
Thus,
x 3 4t , y 4 3t
18) The line that is tangent to the parabola y x 2 at the point (-2,4).
dy dy
2x 2(2) 4
dx dx
v i 4j
Thus,
x 2 t , y 4 4t
19) The line through (-1,2,4) that is parallel to 3i 4 j k .
Let x0 1, y0 2, z0 4, a 3, b 4, c 1 we obtain
x 1 3t , y 2 4t , z 4 t
21) The line through (-2,0,5) that is parallel to the line given by x 1 2t , y 4 t , z 6 2t .
The line is parallel to the vector 2, 1, 2 so x 2 2t , y t , z 5 2t .
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