DIANA

Finite Element Analysis

Release Notes

Release 10.4

DIANA FEA BV
ii

DIANA – Finite Element Analysis

Release Notes release 10.4
Edited by: Denise Ferreira
Published by:
DIANA FEA bv
Thijsseweg 11, 2629 JA Delft, The Netherlands.
Phone: +31 88 34262 00
Fax: +31 88 34262 99
E-mail: info@[Link]
Web page: [Link]
Trademarks.
Diana is a registered trademark of DIANA FEA bv. FemGV, FemGen, and FemView are trademarks of
DIANA FEA bv. FX+ is a registered trademark of Midas IT Corporation. Windows is a registered trademark
of Microsoft Corporation. Adobe Reader is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. AutoCAD is a
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their respective holders.
Contains Autodesk® RealDWG® 2020 by Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2020 Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved.
First edition, June 18, 2020.
Copyright © 2020 by DIANA FEA bv, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The information in this document is subjected to change without notice and should not be construed as a
commitment by DIANA FEA bv. DIANA FEA bv assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in
this document.
The Diana system is the sole property of DIANA FEA bv. Software materials made available are solely for use
at a single site; they are not to be distributed to others without prior written permission of DIANA FEA bv.
This document was prepared with the LATEX Document Preparation System.

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes
Release Quality Process

This section sets out to illustrate the rigorous and ongoing development cycle patterns with respect to
quality at DIANA FEA bv. While the program Diana has always undergone stringent and regular tests,
this outline tries to summarize the process and provide the user with a ’manageable’ set of data on which
to base risk criteria.

Method statement. DIANA FEA bv continually strives to produce software of the highest quality,
reducing the variance of risk on incorrect calculation results to a minimal and meaningful level that gives
confidence to end user, and developers alike, that the test suite inherent in the development process
captures the various permutations that are possible while modifying, enhancing or adding to source code.

Disclaimer. At no time can DIANA FEA bv warrant that the software produced, like most software,
is fully bug-free but what DIANA FEA bv can do is clearly declare that at DIANA FEA bv there is a
continuous endeavor to achieve a robust and as near perfect product as possible.

The above statement is one of reality and does not diminish the efforts made at the company, by all
employees at all times, to produce the best quality product possible with the minimum number of errors.
This is, of course, in the best interest of the customer but is equally important to the efficient running
and future of DIANA FEA bv with regard to support, development and future sales.

Current process. The current test suite that is run for each Diana release contains around 5400 tests
and examples. These files are run on all platforms for which the software is delivered, with a sequence of
automated checks that report any deviation between anticipated and previous results. Within software
development it is clear that a small change in one part of the code can equally modify a result elsewhere
and by running this wide range of automated checks, such errors should be highlighted and rectified
rapidly. To try and document all these checks for the customer would be unrealistic and the volume
of output for each run, benchmarked against a standard test, will produce voluminous output. These
tests and examples are available in the distribution of Diana software. On a regular base DIANA FEA
bv checks automatically that all functions in Diana (element types, material models, loads, solutions
procedures etc.) are covered by the test suite. The user can retrieve relevant tests for specific functions
via keywords by using the Dtest utility program that is delivered in the Diana installation.

With consideration for the above, a series of easily identifiable and ’qualified’ benchmarks have been set
aside with reference to standard data tests such as those of NAFEMS, the National Agency for Finite
Element Methods & Standards in the United Kingdom in order to define a high degree of clarity against
know outcomes for the user. Tests are therefore made available in the distribution of Diana software.

Release documentation. While release documentation already considers changes made to the soft-
ware and outlines the new functionality, release documentation will also reference the known incompati-
bilities and changes that have taken place since the last major release.

Additional documentation. In setting up test documentation, there are essential references to known
background theory and benchmark results for the test suite used at DIANA FEA bv. The suite of
problems is available in the Verification Manual for the product. All tests used in the product are also
available to users within the software distribution.

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iv

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes
Preface

In this document, the new features of Diana 10.4 are presented. The major new analysis capabilities
in Diana 10.4 compared to Diana 10.3 are summarized in Part I. Adaptations with respect to the pre-
and postprocessing capabilities are given in Part II. The arrangement of the Diana 10.4 User’s Manual
is described in Part III. Finally, in Part IV the incompatibilities of Diana 10.4 compared to Diana 10.3
are given.

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June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes
Contents

I Analysis Capabilities 1
1 DIANA 10.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.2 Water Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.1 Free-field Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2.2 Embedded Reinforcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.1 Total Strain Crack Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.2 Maekawa-Fukuura Concrete Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.3 Hardening Soil Model/Modified Mohr-Coulomb Plasticity . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3.4 Hardening Soil Model/Modified Mohr-Coulomb Engineering Input . . . . . 6
1.3.5 Modified Cam-clay Plasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.6 Hardin-Drnevich and Ramberg-Osgood Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.7 Diagram Shear Stress/Shear Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.8 Diagram Shear Stiffness Reduction/Shear Strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3.9 General Quadratic/Hyperbolic Shear Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.10 Structural Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.11 Model Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4 Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.1 Hybrid Frequency Time Domain Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.2 Structural Nonlinear Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.3 Design Checking Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.4 Strength Reduction Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.1 Output Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.2 Strains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.3 Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.4 Modified Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.5 Model Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.6 Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.7 Hydraulic Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5.8 Status Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

II Diana Interactive Environment 13

2 DIANA 10.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Selection Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.1 Selection Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.2 Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1.3 Shape Properties Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 Geometry Component Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 Boolean Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 Loft Modifier Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.5 Mapped Meshing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.6 Incremental Meshing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

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viii CONTENTS

2.7 Inspection Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.8 Load Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.9 Reinforcement Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.10 Sheet Pile Wall and Anchor Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.11 Embedding Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.12 Node Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.13 Selection Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.14 Distance Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.15 Analysis Progress Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.16 Color Scale Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.17 Vector Plot Arrow Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.18 Nodal Averaging of Element Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.19 Normalized Deformation Scaling Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.20 Mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.21 Labels for Extreme Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.22 Boundary Edge for Clipping Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.23 Python Scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.23.1 Upgrade of Embedded Python Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.23.2 Deprecation Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.23.3 Parameter Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.23.4 New Script Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.23.5 Deprecated Script Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

III User’s Manual 35

3 DIANA 10.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.1 Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.1.1 DIANA Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.1.2 Verification Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.1.3 Tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2 Distribution Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2.1 Qt Help Collection (QHC) for On-line Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.2.2 Portable Document Format (PDF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

IV Incompatibilities 39
4 DIANA 10.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1 Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1.1 Truss Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1.2 Cable Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1.3 Pile Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.1.4 Beam Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.1.5 Boundary Surface Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.1.6 Bounding Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2 Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2.1 Structural Nonlinear Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2.2 Structural Direct Frequency Response Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2.3 Geomechanical Staged Construction Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3.1 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3.2 Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.3.3 Design Checking Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.4 Diana Interactive Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.4.1 Script Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

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CONTENTS ix

Bibliography 45

Index 47

List of Figures 51

List of Tables 53

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x CONTENTS

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes
 Part I

Analysis Capabilities

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (I) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
Chapter 1

DIANA 10.4

1.1 Modeling
1.1.1 Loads
[Link] Hydrostatic Pressure Loads
Hydrostatic pressure loads can now also be applied to flat shell elements, in addition to infinite, ax-
isymmetric, and curved shell elements. For more information see Hydrostatic Pressure Loads in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Prescribed Velocity Loads

Diana has been extended with prescribed velocity loads. Prescribed velocities can be used in transient
dynamic analysis to model non-uniform nodal velocities. Prescribed velocities must be specified as sup-
ports. Consequently they will have a zero displacement for all cases, unless velocity values are specified.
Prescribed velocities cannot be combined with base velocity loads, base acceleration loads, prescribed ac-
celeration loads, and fixed displacement or deformation loads in the same load set. For more information,
see Prescribed Velocity Loads in Volume DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Base Excitation

For Diana 10.4 the specification of base excitation has been extended with velocity input as an alternative
for the acceleration input. When the base velocities have a known time history, they can be integrated
to give the base displacements and differentiated to get the base accelerations. With this input the rigid
base motion may be specified in maximum three orthogonal directions. A typical application for base
excitation is a well known earthquake spectrum. For more information, see Base Excitation in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

1.1.2 Water Levels

[Link] Groups
For Diana 10.4 the specification of water levels, used in geomechanical staged construction analysis, have
been extended. Water levels can now also be defined for a series of elements specified by their group
name(s). When no series of elements are specified explicitly, the water level is applied to the entire model.
The water levels still can be specified as function of X coordinate in two-dimensional analyses and as
function of X and Y coordinates in three-dimensional analyses, but also as a constant value. For more
information and batch syntax, see Water Levels in Volume DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Visualization
Diana 10.4 presents options for the visualization of the water levels in a geomechanical staged construc-
tion analysis. The user can select the opacity, color, edge color and the size and position of the symbol
[Fig. 1.1]. The position of the symbol can be defined by the relative or absolute position. The relative
position is the fraction of the line length measured from left to right. When using the absolute position,

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (I) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
4 DIANA 10.4

if a water level does not exist at that position, the symbol will not appear [Fig. 1.2]. This option can be
found under Properties − Common − Water level.

Figure 1.1: Visualization of water levels (relative position)

Figure 1.2: Visualization of water levels (absolute position)

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1.2 Elements 5

1.2 Elements
1.2.1 Free-field Elements
Free-field elements are now implemented in Diana to model vertical columns of soil as absorbing boundary
conditions in geomechanical dynamic analysis. Two-dimensional line elements and three-dimensional
triangular and quadrilateral elements are available. Free-field elements are used to represent the infinite
soil domain that is not simulated in the model. It accounts for the force transfer mechanism between
the finite soil domain and the infinite soil domain. The material properties of the free-field elements are
automatically taken from the adjacent soil domain. For more details, see Free-field elements in Volume
DIANA Documentation.
You can see the use of this new element in the tutorial Compression wave propagation in soil medium.

1.2.2 Embedded Reinforcements

[Link] Anchorage Losses
Anchorage losses can now be accounted for in linear and design analyses as an applied Young’s modulus
E reduction in embedded reinforcement bars and reinforcement grids. This reduction is linear over the
anchorage length until zero at the begin or end and can be considered in one or both ends of the bars and
grids. For grids, this reduction is accounted for in both local directions and can be defined by different
anchorage lengths in the different directions and ends. For more details, see Anchorage Length in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

1.3 Materials
1.3.1 Total Strain Crack Models
[Link] Naganuma Concrete Model
There are new material curves for the Total Strain Crack model: the Naganuma tensile curve and the
Naganuma-Ahmad compressive curve. In Diana 10.4 the backbone curves for tension and compression
proposed by Naganuma [3] and Ahmad are defined as part of the Total Strain crack model with only secant
unloading and reloading. In future versions the nonlinear unloading and reloading and the multidirectional
crack behavior will be added. For more information, see the Naganuma concrete curves (NAGANU) for the
Total Strain crack model in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.3.2 Maekawa-Fukuura Concrete Model

[Link] Length Scale Parameter
The post-peak part of the cracked concrete curve in the Maekawa-Fukuura concrete model can now be
scaled by a user-defined scaling parameter. For more information, see the length scale parameter of
Maekawa cracked concrete curve l (LMAEKC) in Volume DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Lateral Expansion Effects due to Poisson’s Ratio

It is now possible to reduce the Poisson’s ratio after cracking of concrete in the Maekawa-Fukuura model.
There are different options available for this reduction after the release of the elastoplastic damage model.
For more information, see Lateral Expansion Effects due to Poisson’s Ratio (POIRED) in Volume DIANA
Documentation.

1.3.3 Hardening Soil Model/Modified Mohr-Coulomb Plasticity

[Link] Dilatancy Curve
There is an additional option for the flow rule in the Hardening Soil model/Modified Mohr-Coulomb
plasticity. The modified Rowe’s dilatancy rule applies a constraint to the calculation of the dilatancy
angle ψ, such that it s assumed zero until the sine of the dilatancy angle (sin ψ) is less than 3/4 of the
sine of the ultimate (or maximum) friction angle (sin ψu ). For more information, see the modified Rowe’s
dilatancy rule (DILCRV MODROW) in Volume DIANA Documentation.

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6 DIANA 10.4

[Link] Strength Reduction

There are two additional options for the type of strength reduction in the Hardening Soil model/Modified
Mohr-Coulomb plasticity used in a strength reduction analysis: reduction of cohesion c and reduction of
both cohesion c and friction angle φ. In the previous version only friction angle φ could be reduced for
the strength reduction analysis for this model. For more details see the strength reduction type (STRRED)
in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.3.4 Hardening Soil Model/Modified Mohr-Coulomb Engineering Input

[Link] Dilatancy Curve
The new modified Rowe’s dilatancy rule is also available in the Hardening Soil model/Modified Mohr-
Coulomb plasticity with engineering input [Section [Link]].

[Link] Cap Hardening

The cap hardening parameter γ in the Hardening Soil model/Modified Mohr-Coulomb plasticity with
engineering input can now be explicitly specified by the user. For more information see the material
parameter γ (GAMMA) in Volume DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Strength Reduction

There are two additional options for the type of strength reduction in the Hardening Soil model/Modified
Mohr-Coulomb Engineering Input model used in a strength reduction analysis: reduction of cohesion c
and reduction of both cohesion c and friction angle φ. In the previous version only friction angle φ
could be reduced for the strength reduction analysis with this model. For more details see the strength
reduction type (STRRED) in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.3.5 Modified Cam-clay Plasticity

An additional parameter was added to the Modified Cam-clay model to make it possible to deactivate
the porosity update. By default this option is off, but it is now possible to turn it on if the user wants to
keep the porosity constant during the analysis. For more information, see the NOPOUP option in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

1.3.6 Hardin-Drnevich and Ramberg-Osgood Models

For both the Hardin-Drnevich and the Ramberg-Osgood soil model, optionally, an invariant formulation,
i.e. independent of the choice of the local element coordinate system, can be used. This formulation
uses equivalent shear strain and shear stress, which are defined as the difference of maximum principal
strain and stress, respectively. By default shear strain and shear stress components in the local element
coordinate system are considered.

1.3.7 Diagram Shear Stress/Shear Strain

For the soil model described by a diagram for the shear stress as function of the shear strain, optionally,
an invariant formulation, i.e. independent of the choice of the local element coordinate system, can be
used. This formulation uses equivalent shear strain and shear stress, which are defined as the difference of
maximum principal strain and stress, respectively. By default shear strain and shear stress components
in the local element coordinate system are considered.

1.3.8 Diagram Shear Stiffness Reduction/Shear Strain

For the soil model described by a diagram for the shear stiffness reduction as function of the shear strain,
optionally, an invariant formulation, i.e. independent of the choice of the local element coordinate system,
can be used. This formulation uses equivalent shear strain and shear stress, which are defined as the
difference of maximum principal strain and stress, respectively. By default shear strain and shear stress
components in the local element coordinate system are considered.

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1.3.9 General Quadratic/Hyperbolic Shear Model

There is a new material model in Diana 10.4 in the category of Simple Soil Models, called the General
Quadratic/Hyperbolic shear model, that defines a backbone curve for a nonlinear shear strain-shear stress
relation. This model defines a smooth transition between the linear elastic shear stiffness and the shear
strength and can be used in structural nonlinear analysis, in equivalent linear dynamic analysis and in
strength reduction analysis.
Optionally, an invariant formulation, i.e. independent of the choice of the local element coordinate system,
can be used. This formulation uses equivalent shear strain and shear stress, which are defined as the
difference of maximum principal strain and stress, respectively. By default shear strain and shear stress
components in the local element coordinate system are considered. For more information, see General
Quadratic/Hyperbolic Shear Model (CQH) in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.3.10 Structural Interfaces

[Link] Coulomb Friction
Alternatively to the gap criterion or the nonlinear soil bedding, a tension cutoff criterion may be defined
for the Coulomb friction interface material model. This tension cutoff limits the normal tension to value
tn,t . Unlike the gap criterion, the normal and shear traction do not fall back to zero when a tension
cutoff criterion is specified. For more information, see the Coulomb Friction interface material model in
Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.3.11 Model Codes

[Link] Japan Concrete Institute (JCI)
In Diana 10.4 there is more flexibility to overwrite some parameters as user-defined values in the concrete
material models for the Japan Concrete Institute (JCI) model code. For more details see the Japan
Concrete Institute (JCI) model code for concrete in Volume DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE)

In Diana 10.4 there is more flexibility to overwrite some parameters as user-defined values in the concrete
material models for the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) model code. For more details see the
Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) model code for concrete in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.4 Analyses
1.4.1 Hybrid Frequency Time Domain Analysis
Next to base acceleration loads, a hybrid frequency time domain (HFTD) analysis can now also being
performed with other structural loads, including the new base excitation load with velocity input [Section
[Link]]. Note that fixed displacement or deformation loads, prescribed velocity [Section [Link]], and
prescribed acceleration loads cannot be used in a hybrid frequency time domain analysis. For more
information on hybrid frequency time domain (HFTD) analysis, see Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.4.2 Structural Nonlinear Analysis

[Link] Physical Nonlinear Analysis
A new option is available for using elastic tangent stiffness for plasticity in physical nonlinear analysis.
The use of elastic tangent stiffness for soil models increases the number of necessary iterations in com-
bination with Newton-Raphson procedure but brings stability to the convergence procedure for cases of
multi-surface return mapping or return to the apex. For more information see PLASTI ELASTI in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

For nonlinear interface behavior, the user can set the type of tangent stiffness to be used. By default,
consistent tangent stiffness is being used for nonlinear interface behavior. Further, the number of iter-
ations for the internal iteration process and the tolerance on satisfaction of the yield function can be

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8 DIANA 10.4

explicitly defined by the user for the nonlinear interface bahviour.

For simple soil material behavior, the user can set the type of tangent stiffness to be used. By default,
linear tangent stiffness is being used for simple soil material behavior.

[Link] Strength Reduction

It is now possible to perform the strength reduction method to determine the factors of safety F S at the
end of steps in a structural nonlinear analysis directly. The strength reduction method can be performed
after each or after selected steps of the structural nonlinear analysis. Previously there was only one option
that was to apply the strength reduction method from the last step of the preceding nonlinear analysis.
Now it is easier to define an analysis where the user wants to apply the strength reduction after each step
or after any desired step in the nonlinear analysis. For more details, see Strength Reduction (or REDUCT)
in Structural Nonlinear Analysis in Volume DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Energy Dissipation and Ductility Index

Logging of the energy dissipation and ductility index has been made available for structural nonlinear
analysis. The ductility index, or dissipated energy factor, is defined as the energy dissipated in the
reinforcement steel in relation to the total dissipated energy in the reinforced concrete [1]. Logging of
the energy dissipation and ductility index is available for the following concrete and steel models:

– Total Strain crack model

– Maekawa-Fukuura concrete model

– Kotsosvos concrete model

– Von Mises plasticity

– Modified Two-Surface plasticity

– Menegotto-Pinto plasticity

– Monti-Nuti plasticity

– Dodd-Restrepo plasticity

– Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-2 reinforcement steel

For more information, see Energy Dissipation and Ductility Index logging in Volume DIANA Documen-
tation.

[Link] Physical Nonlinear Analysis

A new option is available for using elastic tangent stiffness for plasticity in physical nonlinear analysis. The
use of elastic tangent stiffness for soil models increases the number of necessary iterations in combination
with Newton-Raphson procedure but brings stability to the convergence procedure for cases of multi-
surface return mapping or return to the apex. For more information see PLASTI ELASTI in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Stop Criteria for Step Execution

The stop criterion based on total load has been improved: The execution of steps is stopped when a total
load is reached, either for negative step sizes when the total load is reached from above, or for positive
step sizes when the total load is reached from below. For more information, see Stop criteria for step
execution in Volume DIANA Documentation.

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1.4.3 Design Checking Analysis

Since Diana 10.3 there are two types of design checking analysis:

1. reinforcement grid design checking

2. cross-section design checking

The cross-section design checking analysis in the previous Diana version could only be applied to plate
structures with grid reinforcement, in which the bending moments and shear forces where determined
using composed surface elements. The cross-section design checking analysis has been extended in Di-
ana 10.4 such that it can also be applied to line structures with reinforcement bars and/or reinforcement
grids, in which the bending moments and shear forces are determined using composed line elements.
Other extensions were made regarding the averaging of results and calculation of bending moment ca-
pacity and compressive thickness. Normative loading has also been extended for composed lines.

This extension means that, in the past only bridges and floors could be modeled with design checks
and now also piles and columns. The design checking analysis application (*DESIGN) is now a more
complete feature in Diana 10.4. For more details see chapter Design Checking Analysis in Volume
Diana Documentation.

1.4.4 Strength Reduction Analysis

[Link] Material Models

For Diana 10.4 more material models have become available for strength reduction analysis. The follow-
ing material models can be used for application of the strength reduction method:

– Mohr-Coulomb or Drucker-Prager model (Concrete and Masonry)

– Mohr-Coulomb or Drucker-Prager model (Soil and Rock)

– Hardening Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb model with engineering input

– Hardening Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb model

– Diagram shear stress/shear strain

– Diagram shear stiffness reduction/shear strain

– General quadratic/hyperbolic shear model

– Total Strain based crack model

– Coulomb friction model for interface elements

[Link] Hardening Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb Plasticity

The options for the type of strength reduction used in a strength reduction analysis were expanded for the
Hardening Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb Plasticity model and Hardening Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb
Engineering Input model.
In the previous version, the Mohr-Coulomb model had three options for parameter reduction to assess
the slope stability - the cohesion, friction angle and both cohesion and friction angle - and the Hard-
ening Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb models had only one option, to reduce the friction angle. This was
enlarged in Diana 10.4: the Hardening Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb Plasticity model and Hardening
Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb Engineering Input model have now also the three options for the type of
strength reduction: the cohesion, friction angle and both cohesion and friction angle.
For more details see the strength reduction type (STRRED) used in the strength reduction application
(*REDUCT) for the Hardening Soil/Modified Mohr-Coulomb models in Volume DIANA Documentation.

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1.5 Results
1.5.1 Output Selection
[Link] Location
It is now possible to output results in cross-section for class-II and class-III beams. These results cor-
respond to sections in the location of integration points. For more information see the Output Location
options (or CROSSE) in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.5.2 Strains
Diana has been extended with output of a weighted crack width, which is calculated in the integration
points as described by Slobbe [4]. This weighted crack width includes the effect of possible strain local-
ization within an element and a so-called alignment factor. For more information, see the weighted crack
width type for the strain output item STRAIN CRKWGH in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.5.3 Stresses
Concentrated and distributed forces and moments can now be output by element contribution and em-
bedded reinforcement contribution next to the already existing total contribution of both element and
embedded reinforcement. This output is available for beam elements, infinite shells, shells of revolution,
curved shell elements, composed line and surface elements in linear static, transient dynamic, and nonlin-
ear analysis. For more information see the element (ELEMEN) and reinforcement (REINFO) output types for
concentrated forces (STRESS FORCE), distributed forces (STRESS DISFOR), concentrated moments (STRESS
MOMENT), and distributed moments (STRESS DISMOM) output in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.5.4 Modified Permeability

In a mixture analysis the modified permeability k 0 may be defined as a constant value or as being a
function of the saturation or the porosity. The actual value used can be output with the command
PARAME PERMEA. This gives a result value for the actual modified permeability k 0 . When an orthotropic
modified permeability is defined, Diana gives for this result item the maximum value of the modified
permeability in the two or three element directions, i.e. max(k 0 xx , k 0 yy , k 0 zz ).

1.5.5 Model Parameters

[Link] Reinforcement Cross-section
Output for considered cross-section A of embedded reinforcement bars has been added to Diana. For
more information, see PARAME RECROS in Volume DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Reinforcement Thickness

Output for considered equivalent thickness teq of embedded reinforcement grids has been added to Diana.
For more information see PARAME RETHIC in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.5.6 Fluxes
There is a new result item for output of nodal fluxes in general potential flow, heat flow, or groundwater
flow analyses. This output item calculates the contribution of selected elements to the flow in nodes,
which gives the amount of energy or fluid that passes through a boundary of an element set per unit of
time. For more information, see nodal fluxes operation [NODFLW] in Volume DIANA Documentation.

1.5.7 Hydraulic Heads

In previous Diana versions, hydraulic heads were a nodal result output in flow analysis only. In Di-
ana 10.4, hydraulic heads are also an element result that can be output in nonlinear analysis, that are
part of staggered structural flow analysis, and mixture analysis. For more information, see hydraulic
heads [HEAD] in Volume DIANA Documentation.

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1.5.8 Status Parameters

[Link] Change of Thickness
There is a new result item to output the change of thickness of a member due to deformation, e.g. the
increment of thickness that occurs when a reinforced concrete member fails in shear. The change of
thickness can be output as a result for composed line elements in both y and z local directions. For more
details, see Change of thickness [DTHICK] in Volume DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Damage Index

The output item damage index is now available for elastoplastic models. Before this status parameter
was available only for the multi-directional fixed crack model, Total Strain crack models, the Kotsovos
concrete model, and the Maekawa-Fukuura concrete model. For more details, see Damage index [STATUS
DAMIND] in Volume DIANA Documentation.

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 Part II

Diana Interactive Environment

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Chapter 2

DIANA 10.4

2.1 Selection Behavior

Diana 10.4 presents some changes regarding the selection behavior as explained in the following sections.

2.1.1 Selection Synchronization

In Diana 10.4, selections made in the model tree are now synchronized with selections made in the
graphics window and vice versa. In previous versions, selections made in the model tree needed to be
explicitly applied to the graphics window by choosing Select or Deselect from the right-click context menu
of an item in the tree. Conversely, in previous versions, selections made in the graphics window were not
applied to the model tree.
Note that the current selection mode is taken into account. For example, when the current selection
mode is set to Vertices, by selecting a shape in the model browser tree, the shape vertices are selected
and the graphics window shows these vertices as selected.

2.1.2 Editors
In Diana 10.4 editors with a picking mode, e.g. for shapes, edges, vertices, etc., directly respond to
selections made in both the graphics window and the model browser tree when activated. In Diana 10.3,
items in the tree needed to be added or removed using the right-click Select and Deselect context menu
items.

2.1.3 Shape Properties Assignments

In Diana 10.3, single-clicking on a shape in the model browser tree immediately opened the assignments
panel. This behavior has been changed in Diana 10.4, as it sometimes leads to confusing opening and
closing of panels using editors with a picking mode. In Diana 10.4, assignment panels, e.g. the shape
properties assignments, open from the model browser tree by either double-clicking on the tree item or
by choosing the relevant Properties item in the context menu that appears after right-clicking on the tree
item. A single-click on a tree item still switches the property grid contents (where applicable).

2.2 Geometry Component Operations

Diana 10.4 has been extended with new geometry operations to make modeling easier:

• join multiple wires into a single wire

• split wire

• split edge

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• create wires from sheet

• create sheets from wires

• create wires from points

• create sheet from points

These new operations can be applied both in two-dimensional and three-dimensional models. For more
information, see Geometry Component Operations in Volume DIANA Documentation.

2.3 Boolean Operations

Diana 10.4 has been extended with a new boolean operation - the cut operation - which requires a
target and a tool as the existing boolean operations unite, intersect, subtract. For more information, see
Operations in Volume DIANA Documentation.

2.4 Loft Modifier Action

Diana 10.4 has a new modifier action for creating a geometry in the Diana Interactive Environment: the

loft action creates a sheet or solid shape by fitting surfaces through a series of profiles, similarly to
an extrusion [Fig. 2.1]. The geometry created by a loft action can be constrained by specifying optional
guide wires. There are several options available related to keeping the input shapes, converting the result
into a wire, and dealing with imprints. For more information and examples, see Loft Modifier Action in
Volume DIANA Documentation.

Figure 2.1: Loft modifier action

2.5 Mapped Meshing

Diana 10.4 enhanced the mapped meshing engine. It is now possible to generate a structured mesh for
faces that are logically equivalent to a quadrilateral, even if these sides have multiple edges, i.e., present
side vertices. In the previous version, mappable faces could not have any side vertices. This enhancement
is exemplified in Figure 2.2. For more details see Mapped Meshing in Volume DIANA Documentation.

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Figure 2.2: Mapped meshing enhancements: a) face bounded by five edges, the numbers are the edge
divisions for the mesh seeding, b) Diana 10.3 unstructured mesh, c) Diana 10.4 structured mesh

2.6 Incremental Meshing

The incremental meshing introduced in Diana 10.3 is improved in Diana 10.4. With incremental meshing
there is no need to remesh the entire model when changes are being made. Dependency checks detect
which parts have to be remeshed. In Diana 10.4 this also applies to reinforcements, piles and anchors,
i.e., all embedded elements. The changes affecting a small number of embedded elements no longer
require the remesh of all the entities. This enhancement in the incremental meshing engine results in
an important performance improvement, that is specially relevant in big models with large quantity of
embedded elements (reinforcements, piles and anchors).

2.7 Inspection Tools

The inspection of the model is now easier in Diana 10.4. For that, there is a new toolbar named
inspection tools [Fig. 2.3].

The new locate feature enables to find nodes, elements, reinforcements or any other mesh type
through their identity number. The selected mesh types are highlighted while the rest of the model
becomes transparent. If a message about bad shape elements appears in the message panel, you can click
on the node and element displayed in the message and those are automatically added to the locate widget
and highlighted in the model.

The existent pointer tooltip feature that enables to see the details of the elements when passing
with the pointer through the model is now made accessible from the inspection toolbar. These details
include the element number, the shape set, the material and the node coordinates.
For more information about these features see Inspection Tools in Volume DIANA Documentation.

2.8 Load Combinations

It is now possible for the user to specify names for the load combinations defined in DianaIE. Load
combinations can be renamed after creation of the load combination table [Fig. 2.4]. For more information

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Figure 2.3: Locate feature in DianaIE

about load combinations see Load Combinations and Load Sets in Volume DIANA Documentation.

Figure 2.4: Load combinations in DianaIE

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2.9 Reinforcement Sets

The way properties are assigned to reinforcements changed in Diana 10.4. The reinforcement property

assignment can be made to reinforcement sets or to individual shapes. It can no longer be made to
a selection of shapes as performed in Diana 10.3. This means that the reinforcements must be grouped
into reinforcement sets, according to their material and geometry properties [Fig. 2.5]. This concept is
also used for other embedded entities such as pile foundations, sheet piles and anchors.
You can see this new tool in several tutorials with reinforcements; for example in the tutorial Creep
Response of a Prestresses Concrete Beam under Sustained Load.

Figure 2.5: Reinforcement sets and property assignments in DianaIE

2.10 Sheet Pile Wall and Anchor Sets

The concept of pile foundations with a specific material and geometrical property assignment was in-

troduced in Diana 10.3. Diana 10.4 expanded this concept and created sheet pile walls [Fig. 2.6]

and anchors [Fig. 2.7] that have their specific wizard for material and geometrical property assign-
ment and are grouped in sets. These new entities make the modeling of geotechnical problems with
Diana more straightforward. For more information see Sheet pile walls and Anchors in Volume DIANA
Documentation.

2.11 Embedding Options

In Diana 10.4 it is now possible to select embedding options for embeddable shape types like reinforce-
ments, piles and anchors. In this manner Diana 10.4 offers the possibility to explicitly control which
mother shapes these entities are embedded in. This choice can be useful in situations of ambiguity or to
simplify modelling or setting of phased analysis. There are three options for the embedding: i ) embed
in all clashing shapes (default), ii ) embed in specified shapes only and iii ) embed in all clashing shapes
with exceptions. For more information see Embedding options in Volume DIANA Documentation.

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20 DIANA 10.4

Figure 2.6: Sheet pile wall set and property assignments in DianaIE

Figure 2.7: Anchor set and property assignments in DianaIE

2.12 Node Groups

In previous Diana versions node groups could only be created at the mesh level. This represented
two major drawbacks: i ) it can be difficult to select nodes in curved surfaces and, ii ) when the mesh

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2.13 Selection Tools 21

is regenerated, new nodes are created and these node groups are no longer valid. To overcome these
difficulties, the possibility to create node groups at geometry level has been introduced in Diana 10.4. In

this manner, node groups can be defined by selecting any number of geometry entities - bodies, faces,
edges or vertices - being created during meshing generation [Fig. 2.8]. Node groups are visible from the
geometry and mesh browsers. For more information see Node groups in Volume DIANA Documentation.

Figure 2.8: Creation of node groups in DianaIE

2.13 Selection Tools

The Selection modes and Selection toolbars have been replaced by a new Selection tools toolbar [Fig. 2.9],
which offers more possibilities to make selections. The new selections tools makes it easier for the user
to select for example solid, sheet, and wire shapes. Further, selection options for embedded entities, i.e.
anchors, reinforcements, piles, and sheet pile walls are added. Shortcut keys have been implemented for
the most commonly used selection modes. For more information, see Selection tools in Volume DIANA
Documentation.

2.14 Distance Tool

The tool for measuring distances in the model now shows its information in the status bar, next to
the mouse position [Fig. 2.10]. In addition to the distance between the picked points it also reports the
distances along the global axes. This information can optionally also be shown as a label in the model
window, e.g. for making a screenshot. The view settings contains a new entry in the common section
called Distance and position where the distance label can be enabled and configured [Fig. 2.11].

2.15 Analysis Progress Indicator

In Diana 10.4 while the analysis is running there is a graphical progress indicator that informs the
user about the progress of the analysis [Fig. 2.12]. The displayed information includes phase name, step
number, number of iterations, convergence criteria achieved and factor of safety.

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22 DIANA 10.4

Figure 2.9: DianaIE Selection tools

Figure 2.10: DianaIE status bar for distance and position

Figure 2.11: DianaIE view settings for distance and position

2.16 Color Scale Annotations

In Diana 10.4 the color scale for the legend for visualization of results has been enhanced with the
possibility of adding relative frequency annotations [Fig. 2.13]. These frequencies are computed over the
visible mesh or over the values appearing in clipping panes. You can find the Relative frequencies option
under Results − Properties − Legend appearance − Show scale annotations [Fig. 2.14].

2.17 Vector Plot Arrow Orientation

There is a new vector plot option that allows the user to choose the orientation of the arrows: head at the
node or tail at the node. Previously the vector plot had always the arrows oriented with the head at the
node. You can find this option under Results − Properties − Vector plot settings − Arrow orientation
[Fig. 2.15 to 2.16].

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2.18 Nodal Averaging of Element Results 23

Figure 2.12: Analysis progress indicator in DianaIE

Figure 2.13: Relative frequency of result values in color scale annotations

2.18 Nodal Averaging of Element Results

In Diana 10.4 there is the option for averaging element results based on nodal values. There are three
options for the nodal averaging:
• no averaging (default option) [Fig. 2.17]
• accounting for all contributions (all element node contributions are considered) [Fig. 2.18]
• averaging contributions within set (only element node contributions from within the same set are
considered) [Fig. 2.19]

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24 DIANA 10.4

Figure 2.14: Switch on the relative frequencies in the color scale annotations

Figure 2.15: Vector plot with arrow orientation head at node

The features of exportResults, resultsTable and resultsDistribution are influenced by this option so they
return the correspondent averaged results. When averaging is applied to Gaussian or invariant results,
Diana implicitly performs an extrapolation to the element nodes, prior to calculating average values.
You can find this option under Results − Properties − Nodal averaging of element results.

2.19 Normalized Deformation Scaling Options

The deformation setting options in Diana 10.4 have been extended with the possibility to show the
normalized deformation of the model in selected directions. You can find this option under Results −

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2.20 Mirroring 25

Figure 2.16: Vector plot with arrow orientation tail at node

Figure 2.17: Nodal averaging of element results - no averaging

Properties − Deformation settings − Normalized deformation scaling options [Fig. 2.20 to 2.21].

2.20 Mirroring
Diana 10.4 can now mirror the geometry, mesh, and results of a finite element model. The mirroring
feature offers several options to choose the mirror axes and the bound (lower, upper or user defined).
This tool is especially relevant to represent the results of a full model when using symmetry conditions
to calculate only a part of the geometry [Fig. 2.22 to 2.23].
The mirroring functionality can be found in the Common section of the view settings properties window
( Properties − Common − Mirroring) in DianaIE.
For more information, see Mirroring in Volume DIANA Documentation.

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26 DIANA 10.4

Figure 2.18: Nodal averaging of element results - average all contribution

Figure 2.19: Nodal averaging of element results - average contributions within set

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2.21 Labels for Extreme Values 27

Figure 2.20: Normalized deformation in X direction

Figure 2.21: Normalized deformation in Y and Z directions

2.21 Labels for Extreme Values

Diana 10.4 can now show labels for extreme results in the model, i.e. maximum and minimum val-
ues. There are two options: show global extreme values (counting with the results in the entire model)
[Fig. 2.24] and show extremes per mesh set (considers the maximum and minimum values of each element
set) [Fig. 2.25]. You can find this option under Results − Properties − Labels − Extreme values [Fig. 2.24
to 2.25].

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28 DIANA 10.4

Figure 2.22: Results in the model without mirroring

Figure 2.23: Results in the model with Y axis mirror (lower bound) and X axis mirror (lower bound)

2.22 Boundary Edge for Clipping Plane

There is a new option for the visualization of the clipping plane in a contour plot: show cut edge. This
option is on by default and shows the countour edge of the cut made by the clipping plane. You can find
this option under Results − Properties − Contour plot settings − Clip settings.

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2.23 Python Scripting 29

Figure 2.24: Global extreme values for temperature

Figure 2.25: Extreme values per mesh set for temperature

2.23 Python Scripting

2.23.1 Upgrade of Embedded Python Version

The Python version has been upgraded to 3.7.3 for Diana 10.4.

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30 DIANA 10.4

2.23.2 Deprecation Warnings

Diana 10.4 issues deprecation warnings whenever a script command from the Diana 10.3 API (Appli-
cation Programming Interface) is called that is removed or renamed in Diana 10.4. The deprecation
warning message includes a short suggestion for the Diana 10.4 alternative and, when possible, calls
the equivalent Diana 10.4 script command. The call location is printed to help you find and update
the relevant script command call. Deprecation warnings can be turned off by adding the following call
to your script: disableDeprecationWarnings() It is advised, however, to migrate your scripts to the
latest API calls.

2.23.3 Parameter Changes

Please be aware that some parameter paths and names used in the setParameter scripting command
have changed between Diana 10.3 and Diana 10.4. Due to the generic nature of this interface, a detailed
list of these changes cannot be provided.

2.23.4 New Script Commands

[Link] Modeling
Diana 10.4 introduces 13 new script commands related to modeling:

– cut

– loft

– joinWires

– splitWire

– splitEdge

– pointsToSheet

– pointsToWire

– sheetToWire

– wireToSheet

– duplicateShapeSet

– mergeShapeSets

– importPoints

– importBezierSurface

Full descriptions of these new script commands can be found in Appendix B Script Commands in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

[Link] External Libraries

Diana 10.4 introduces 11 new script commands related to external libraries:

– addDataSource

– addRecord

– catalogs

– clearDataSource

– copyRecord

– copyTable

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– dataSources
– records
– removeDataSource
– removeRecord
– saveDataSource
Full descriptions of these new script commands can be found in Appendix B Script Commands in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Water Levels

Diana 10.4 introduces 8 new script commands related to water levels:
– addWaterLevel
– addWaterLevelDefinition
– addWaterLevelValues
– createBodyWaterLevel
– removeWaterLevelDefinition
– renameWaterLevelDefinition
– setWaterLevelValues
– waterLevelDefinitions
Full descriptions of these new script commands can be found in Appendix B Script Commands in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Anchors
Diana 10.4 introduces 6 new script commands related to anchors:
– setAnchorBondendLength
– anachorBondedLength
– setCompatibleMeshAtAnchorBond
– compatibleMeshAtAnchorBond
– anchorStartPoint
– anchorShapes
Full descriptions of these new script commands can be found in Appendix B Script Commands in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Node Groups

Diana 10.4 introduces 4 new script commands related to node groups:
– createBodyNodeGroupItem
– createLineNodeGroupItem
– createPointNodeGroupItem
– createSurfaceNodeGroupItem
Full descriptions of these new script commands can be found in Appendix B Script Commands in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (II) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
32 DIANA 10.4

[Link] Mapped Meshing

Diana 10.4 introduces 3 new script commands related to mapped meshing:
– setCornersOfMap
– clearCornersOfMap
– cornersOfMap
Full descriptions of these new script commands can be found in Appendix B Script Commands in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

[Link] Miscellaneous
Diana 10.4 introduces 18 miscellaneous new script commands:
– addRuler
– autoConnection
– chartToImage
– setEmbeddingOptions
– embeddingOptions
– setReinforcementType
– reinforcementTypeOf
– setSheetPileWallType
– sheetPileWallTypeOf
– shapeSetType
– shapeType
– setShapeType
– sheetPileWallShapes
– shapeSetOf
– mesherType
– currentResultPlot
– resultDistribution
– locate
Full descriptions of these new script commands can be found in Appendix B Script Commands in Volume
DIANA Documentation.

2.23.5 Deprecated Script Commands

Some script commands from Diana 10.3 have new alternatives in Diana 10.4:
– convertToReinforcement was replaced by setShapeType
– convertToPile was replaced by setShapeType
– convertToShape was replaced by setShapeType
– setGeometryType was replaced by setShapeType
– setReinforcementType was replaced by setShapeType

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (II)
2.23 Python Scripting 33

– removeEdge was replaced by removeShapePart

– removeFace was replaced by removeShapePart
– removeVertex was replaced by removeShapePart
– enableVirtualTransformation was replaced by setViewSettingValue with ’GEOM/VIRTUA’

– reverseSheetOrientation was replaced by reverseShapeOrientation

– setReinforcementEmbedding was replaced by setEmbeddingOptions
– reinforcementEmbedding was replaced by embeddingOptions

– createSheetFromLines was replaced by wireToSheet

– createPlaneFromWires was replaced by wireToSheet
– setContinuousInInterfaces now requires a type definition
– saveReport now uses a dictionary for its options

– setWaterLevelValues interface changed

– extrudeProfile now requires a coordinate list for the extrusion
– setResultPlot now only sets the plot type, select the result to plot using selectResult

– hideResultPlot was replaced by setResultPlot with an empty plot name

– currentPlotType was replaced by currentResultPlot
Deprecation warnings are issued when these script commands are used and the Diana 10.4 alternative
is called instead. Note that these deprecated script commands will be removed in a future version of
Diana. In the Diana installation directory, the file modules/diana/compat/[Link] contains the
current Diana 10.3 to Diana 10.4 substitutions. This file can be used for inspiration for those who want
to upgrade their scripts to Diana 10.4.

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (II) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
34 DIANA 10.4

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (II)
 Part III

User’s Manual

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (III) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
Chapter 3

DIANA 10.4

3.1 Volumes
The information in the Diana 10.4 User’s Manual is collected in the following volumes:

• DIANA Documentation

• Verification Report

This edition of the Diana 10.4 User’s Manual is compatible with release 10.4of the Diana code.

3.1.1 DIANA Documentation

The help option in Diana Interactive Environment (DianaIE) links to the corresponding section in Volume
DIANA Documentation. The Volume DIANA Documentation includes the batch syntax in appendices
at end of the document.

3.1.2 Verification Report

[Link] Material Models For Soil
The verification report has been enlarged with a new part named Material Models for Soil. This part
presents a set of benchmarks for nonlinear soil models applied in simple tests. The results of the Diana
computations are compared with the geotechnical finite element software Plaxis.

[Link] Reinforced Concrete Benchmarks

The verification report has been enlarged with a new part named Reinforced Concrete Benchmarks.
This part presents classical reinforced concrete benchmarks modeled with Diana and comparison with
experimental results. This new part will be enlarged with more case-studies in future versions of Diana.

[Link] Models for Pile Foundations

The verification report has been enlarged with a new part named Models for Pile Foundations. This part
presents the numerical simulation of a pile foundation in soil considering different modelling strategies
depending on how the load transfer mechanisms from pile to soil are accounted for.

3.1.3 Tutorials
Tutorials made with Diana Interactive Environment (DianaIE) are published in the Dianawebsite:
[Link]

3.2 Distribution Formats

The Diana 10.4 distribution comes with the User’s Manual in Qt Help Collection (QHC) format and
Portable Document Format (PDF).

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (III) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
38 DIANA 10.4

3.2.1 Qt Help Collection (QHC) for On-line Access

To access the QHC pages you need the Qt Assistant program, which is included in the Diana installation.
With Qt Assistant you have easy, on-line and interactive access to the complete User’s Manual. This
format is also accessed automatically via some Help functions of the Diana Interactive Environment
(DianaIE) and the iDiana Graphical User Interface. On Windows systems the on-line documentation
can easily be accessed from the Diana folder.

3.2.2 Portable Document Format (PDF)

This format is particularly useful to printout or display parts of the manual in the nicely typeset
book style. The Adobe® Reader program by Adobe Systems Inc. provides for a convenient access
to the PDF format. You may download this program free of charge from the Adobe web-site at
[Link]

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (III)
 Part IV

Incompatibilities

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
Chapter 4

DIANA 10.4

4.1 Elements
4.1.1 Truss Elements
[Link] Reorganisation
For Diana 10.4, the truss elements and cable elements have been reorganized in two element classes:

– Regular truss elements

This element class contains the regular truss elements of Diana 10.3. There is only one regular
truss element type (L2TRU) in Diana, which is defined as a line between two nodes. The regular
truss element is suitable for linear static and physical nonlinear analysis. Compared to enhanced
truss elements, the regular truss elements do not have additional degrees of freedom perpendicular
to the bar axis. Therefore, the regular truss elements cannot be used in geometrically nonlinear
and in dynamic analyses. The regular truss element can be used in either two-dimensional or three-
dimensional analysis. Because the main purpose of regular truss elements is to connect two points
with a straight connection, at meshing in the Diana Interactive Environment always a unit division
is applied to lines which are assigned as regular truss elements. These lines will not be embedded in
other parts of the model, i.e. only the begin and end points of the regular truss lines are embedded
to other parts.
– Enhanced truss elements
This element class contains both the enhanced truss elements and cable elements of Diana 10.3.
Compared to the regular truss elements, the enhanced truss elements can be curved, previously
called cable elements, and have additional degrees of freedom. Therefore, these elements can be
used in geometrically nonlinear analysis of cables. Another useful application of enhanced truss
elements is the discrete modeling of prestress cables (tendons) and bars in nonlinear analysis of
reinforced concrete. Depending on the amount of additional degrees of freedom, these elements
are suited for two- or for three-dimensional analysis. In contrary to regular truss elements, the
enhanced truss elements are embedded in other parts of the model and the user-defined meshing
divisions are applied in the Diana Interactive Environment.

[Link] Spacing
For both types of truss elements the spacing s between the trusses has to be specified by the user in case
of a plane strain configuration. For more information and batch syntax, see Spacing for truss elements
(SPACIN) in Volume DIANA Documentation.

4.1.2 Cable Elements

Due to the reorganisation of truss elements [Section [Link]], the Diana 10.3 cable elements have become
part of the Diana 10.4 enhanced truss elements. Also in the Diana Interactive Environment, the Di-
ana 10.3 cable elements are part of the Enhanced truss element class and will be embedded in other parts
of the model and the user-defined meshing divisions are applied. For more information, see Enhanced
Truss Elements in Volume DIANA Documentation.

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
42 DIANA 10.4

4.1.3 Pile Foundations

In Diana 10.3 the pile foundations required a ’DATA’ assignment to define whether the pile was discretized
with truss or beam elements. This was specified in the Table ’DATA’ with TRUSS or BEAM. These ’DATA’
entries have became obsolete and the syntax for these elements has changed. The syntax BEAM and EMBED
in Table ’CONNEC’ has been replaced by the element type name elmtyp . Embedding is detected by the
presence of the embedded element number. For more information about pile foundations see the Volume
DIANA Documentation.

4.1.4 Beam Elements

The sign convention for primary moments and forces in a cross-section in Class-III beams changed in
order to be consistent with Class-I and Class-II. All beam elements have now the same sign convention
and follow the Class-I and Class-II beam convention used in the past. Be aware that the sign of your
results computed with previous Diana versions have changed.

4.1.5 Boundary Surface Elements

The boundary surface elements no longer exist in Diana. They were replaced by the new free-field
elements [Section 1.2.1]. If you only want to add mass to a structure use Mass elements instead.

4.1.6 Bounding Elements

The bounding elements are now called absorbing boundary elements in Diana. These elements are
mentioned transmitting boundaries in the original paper of Lysmer and Kuhlemeyer [2], but this term
is also used for different types of boundaries in other software. Therefore, in Diana, these elements are
called absorbing boundaries. Absorbing boundaries can be defined as connection in the Diana Interactive
Environment.

4.2 Analyses
4.2.1 Structural Nonlinear Analysis
A correction has been made for transient dynamic analysis with base excitation (BASE), prescribed velocity
(VELOCI, or prescribed acceleration (ACCELE) loads: For time-load diagrams (table ’TIMELO’) that have
a non-zero load factor at time zero, no longer the total load is used for the first time step, but the
incremental load with respect to the non-zero load factor at zero will be taken. This correction has been
made to have the time integration methods operate correctly in case of non-zero load factors at time zero.

4.2.2 Structural Direct Frequency Response Analysis

A correction has been made in the complex solver for structural direct frequency response analysis
(*FREQUE). Therefore, results for direct frequency response analyses including damping have been changed.
For direct frequency response analyses without damping the results remain unchanged.

4.2.3 Geomechanical Staged Construction Analysis

The batch syntax for the specification of a user specifed steady state water level (USERSS) in a geomechan-
ical stage construction analysis (*STAGCO) has been changed. The water level (WATERL) is now specified
by the water level name instead of the index in the water level table (’WATERL’), which was only used
internally and therefore not known to the user. For more information, see the batch syntax for the
geomechanical staged construction analysis in Volume DIANA Documentation.

4.3 Results
4.3.1 Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Parameters
For Diana 10.4 the output parameters of a Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics analysis (LEFM) have
changed. Instead of the Mode-I stress intensity factor KI , in Diana 10.4 the square of the Mode-I stress

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV)
4.4 Diana Interactive Environment 43

intensity factor is being output. Further, the LEFM output parameters are now output as separate
results, because their units are not equal. The square of the Mode-I stress intensity factor KI can be
output with the FRACTU STRESI batch syntax, and the Mode-I energy release rate GI can be output
with the FRACTU ENEREL batch syntax. For more information on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, see
Volume DIANA Documentation.

4.3.2 Fluxes
The direction of the local an global fluxes for boundary elements in general potential flow, heat flow,
groundwater flow, and Reynolds flow (lubrication) analyses have been corrected. In previous Diana
versions the fluxes were pointing in the opposite direction (low to high) for boundary elements.

4.3.3 Design Checking Results

The batch syntax for the result item combined reinforcement forces (STRESS COMBIN) output in design
checking analysis is no longer valid. The batch syntax for combined reinforcement forces (N1RC, N2RC)
is the same as for reinforcement forces (N1R, N2R), which is STRESS TOTAL DISFOR REINFO. For more
information on Design Checking Results, see Volume DIANA Documentation.

4.4 Diana Interactive Environment

4.4.1 Script Commands
Some script commands from Diana 10.3 have new alternatives in Diana 10.4. Deprecation warnings
are issued when these script commands are used and the Diana 10.4 alternative is called instead. Note
that these script commands will be removed in a future version of Diana. For more details about the
changed Python script commands, see Section 2.23 which includes lists of new script commands [Section
2.23.4] and deprecated script commands[Section 2.23.5].
Please be aware that some parameter paths and names used in the setParameter (and similar) scripting
command have changed between Diana 10.3 and Diana 10.4. Due to the generic nature of this interface,
a detailed list of these changes cannot be provided.

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
44 DIANA 10.4

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV)
Bibliography

[1] Engen, M., Hendriks, M. A. N., Kohler, J., Øverli, J. A., and Åldstedt, E. A quantifi-
cation of the modelling uncertainty of non-linear finite element analyses of large concrete structures.
Structural Safety 64 (2017), 1–8.

[2] Lysmer, J., and Kuhlemeyer, R. L. Finite dynamic model for infinite media. J. Eng. Mech.,
ASCE 95, 4 (1969), 859–877.
[3] Naganuma, K., Yonezawa, K., Kurimoto, O., and Eto, H. Simulation of nonlinear dynamic
response of reinforced concrete scaled model using three-dimensional finite element method. In Proc.
13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (Vancouver, B.;C., Canada, August 1-6 2004).
paper no. 586.
[4] Slobbe, A. T. Propagation and band width of smeared cracks. PhD thesis, Delft University of
Technology, 2015.

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
46 BIBLIOGRAPHY

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV)
Index

Absorbing boundary elements, Release Notes, 42 Cracked Concrete curves, Maekawa-Fukuura model, Re-
ACCELE subtable of LOADS, Release Notes, 42 lease Notes, 5
Actions, loft, Release Notes, 16 Create sheet from points, Release Notes, 15
Analysis Examples, Release Notes, 37 Create sheet from wires, Release Notes, 15
Analysis Procedures, Release Notes, 37 Create wires from points, Release Notes, 15
Analysis progress indicator, Release Notes, 21 Create wires from sheet, Release Notes, 15
Anchor sets, Diana Interactive Environment, Release createPlaneFromWires, 32
Notes, 19 createSheetFromLines, 32
Anchorage length, Release Notes, 5 Cross-section design checking, Release Notes, 9
Anchorage losses, Release Notes, 5 Cross-section, output selection, Release Notes, 10
Anchors, Diana Interactive Environment, Release Notes, Cross-section, parameter output, Release Notes, 10
19 currentPlotType, 32
Averaging results, Release Notes, 23 Cut operation, Release Notes, 16
Avering results, Relase Notes, 23 Cutting plane, Release Notes, 28

Bar reinforcement, Release Notes, 5 Damage index, status output, Release Notes, 11
Base excitation, Release Notes, 3, 42 Deformation in selected directions, Release Notes, 24
BASE subtable of LOADS, Release Notes, 42 Deformation, status output, Release Notes, 11
Base velocity, Release Notes, 3 Deprecated Python script commands, 32
Beam elements, Release Notes, 42 Deprecation warnings, Release Notes, 30
Boolean operation, Release Notes, 16 Design checking analysis, Release Notes, 9
Boundary elements, fluxes, Release Notes, 43 Design checking results, Release Notes, 43
Boundary elements, Release Notes, 42 Diagram shear stiffness reduction/shear strain, Release
Boundary surface elements, Release Notes, 42 Notes, 6
Bounding elements, Release Notes, 42 Diagram shear stress/shear strain, Release Notes, 6
Diana Documentation, 37
Cable elements, Release Notes, 41 Diana Interactive Environment, analysis progress indi-
Cam-clay, Release Notes, 6 cator, Release Notes, 21
Cap hardening, Hardening Soil model/Modified Mohr- Diana Interactive Environment, embedding options, 19
Coulomb engineering input, Release Notes, 6 Diana Interactive Environment, loft modifier action, Re-
Change of thickness, status output, Release Notes, 11 lease Notes, 16
Class-III beams, Release Notes, 42 Diana Interactive Environment, mirroring, Release Notes,
Clay, Egg Cam-clay model, Release Notes, 6 25
Clay, Modified Cam-clay model, Release Notes, 6 Diana Interactive Environment, progress indicator, Re-
Clicking DianaIE, Release Notes, 15 lease Notes, 21
Clip settings, Release Notes, 28 Diana Interactive Environment, Release Notes, 15
Clipping plane, Release Notes, 28 DianaIE, Release Notes, 15
Color scale annotations, Release Notes, 22 Direct frequency response analysis, Release Notes, 42
COMBIN option, design checking, Release Notes, 43 disableDeprecationWarnings, Release Notes, 30
Combined reinforcement forces, Release Notes, 43 Dissipated energy factor, Release Notes, 8
Commands, Python scripting, deprecated, 32 Distance tool, Diana Interactive Environment, Release
Commands, Python scripting, incompatibilities, 43 Notes, 21
Commands, Python scripting, new, 30 Distributed bending moments, output, Release Notes,
Composed line elements, status output, Release Notes, 10
11 Distributed forces, output, Release Notes, 10
Concentrated bending moments, output, Release Notes, Ductility index, Release Notes, 8
10
Concentrated forces, output, Release Notes, 10 Egg Cam-clay, Release Notes, 6
Concrete and Masonry Analysis, Release Notes, 37 Elastic tangent stiffness, Release Notes, 7, 8
Concrete, Naganuma model, Release Notes, 5 Element Library, Release Notes, 37
convertToPile, 32 Embedded reinforcements, Release Notes, 5
convertToReinforcement, 32 Embedding, Release Notes, 19
convertToShape, 32 enableVirtualTransformation, 32
Coulomb friction, interface elements, Release Notes, 7 Enhanced truss elements, Release Notes, 41

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
48 INDEX

Extremes for mesh set labels, Release Notes, 27 Join multiple wires into single wire, Release Notes, 15
extrudeProfile, Release Notes, 32 JSCE model code, Release Notes, 7

Factor of safety, structural nonlinear analysis, Release LEFM, output, Release Notes, 42
Notes, 8 Load combinations, Release Notes, 17
Find element, Release Notes, 17 Load sets, Release Notes, 17
Find node, Release Notes, 17 Loft modifier action, Release Notes, 16
Find reinforcement, Release Notes, 17 Lofting, Release Notes, 16
Fluxes, nodal, Release Notes, 10 Logging, Release Notes, 8
Fluxes, Release Notes, 43 Lower bound, mirroring, Release Notes, 25
Forces, Class-III beams, Release Notes, 42
Fracture mechanics, energy release rate, Release Notes, Maekawa-Fukuura model, Release Notes, 5
42 Manual, 37
Fracture mechanics, output, Release Notes, 42 Mapped meshing, Release Notes, 16
Fracture mechanics, stress intensity factor, Release Notes,
Mass elements, Release Notes, 42
42 Material Library, Release Notes, 37
Free-field elements, Release Notes, 5, 42 Material models for soil, Release Notes, 37
*FREQUE command, Release Notes, 42 Mesh view, mirroring, Release Notes, 25
Frequency response analysis, direct solution, Release Mirroring, Diana Interactive Environment, Release Notes,
Notes, 42 25
Friction, interface elements, Release Notes, 7 Mirroring, geometry view, Release Notes, 25
FX+ for DIANA, Release Notes, 37 Mirroring, lower bound, Release Notes, 25
Mirroring, mesh view, Release Notes, 25
General quadratic/hyperbolic shear model, Release Notes,
Mirroring, results view, Release Notes, 25
7
Mirroring, upper bound, Release Notes, 25
Geomechanical staged construction analysis, Release Notes,
Mixture analysis, Hydraulic heads, Release Notes, 10
42
Mixture analysis, parameter output, 10
Geometry component operations, Release Notes, 15
Modified Cam-clay plasticity, Release Notes, 6
Geometry view, mirroring, Release Notes, 25
Modified Mohr-Coulomb engineering input, cap hard-
Getting Started, Release Notes, 37
ening, Release Notes, 6
Global extreme labels, Release Notes, 27
Modified Mohr-Coulomb engineering input, modified Rowe
Grid reinforcement, Release Notes, 5
dilatancy, Release Notes, 6
Groundwater flow, nodal fluxes, Release Notes, 10
Modified Mohr-Coulomb engineering input, strength re-
Group names, water levels, Release Notes, 3
duction, Release Notes, 6
Hardening Soil model engineering input, cap hardening, Modified Mohr-Coulomb plasticity, engineering input,
Release Notes, 6 Release Notes, 6
Hardening Soil model engineering input, modified Rowe Modified Mohr-Coulomb plasticity, modified Rowe dila-
dilatancy, Release Notes, 6 tancy, Release Notes, 5
Hardening Soil model engineering input, strength re- Modified Mohr-Coulomb plasticity, strength reduction,
duction, Release Notes, 6 Release Notes, 6, 9
Hardening Soil model, engineering input, Release Notes, Modified permeability, parameter output, 10
6 Modified Rowe dilatancy, Hardening Soil model/Modified
Hardening Soil model, modified Rowe dilatancy, Release Mohr-Coulomb engineering input, Release Notes,
Notes, 5 6
Hardening Soil model, strength reduction, Release Notes, Modified Rowe dilatancy, Hardening Soil model/Modified
6, 9 Mohr-Coulomb plasticity, Release Notes, 5
Hardin-Drnevich soil, Release Notes, 6 Modifier actions, loft, Release Notes, 16
Heat flow, nodal fluxes, Release Notes, 10 Moments, Class-III beams, Release Notes, 42
hideResultPlot, 32
Hybrid frequency time domain analysis, Release Notes, Naganuma concrete model, Release Notes, 5
7 Naganuma tensile concrete curve, Release Notes, 5
Hydraulic heads, Release Notes, 10 Naganuma-Ahmad compressive concrete curve, Release
Hydrostatic pressure loads, Release Notes, 3 Notes, 5
New Python script commands, 30
iDIANA, Release Notes, 37 Nodal average, Relase Notes, 23
Incremental mesh, Release Notes, 17 Nodal fluxes, output item, Release Notes, 10
Inspection tools, Release Notes, 17 Node groups, Diana Interactive Environment, Release
Interface elements, Coulomb friction, Release Notes, 7 Notes, 20
Interfaces, physical nonlinear analysis, Release Notes, 7 Nonlinear analysis, Hydraulic heads, Release Notes, 10
Nonlinear analysis, physical nonlinear analysis, Release
Japan Concrete Institute, Release Notes, 7 Notes, 7
Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Release Notes, 7 Nonlinear analysis, structural, Release Notes, 7
JCI model code, Release Notes, 7 Normalized deformation scaling, Release Notes, 24

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV)
INDEX 49

Operations, geometry components, Release Notes, 15 setResultPlot, Release Notes, 32

setWaterLevelValues, Release Notes, 32
Parameter changes, Python scripting, Release Notes, 30 Shear strain-ratio of secant and initial shear stiffness
Permeability, modified, parameter output, 10 diagram, Release Notes, 6
Physical nonlinear analysis, structural nonlinear analy- Shear strain-shear stress diagram, soil, Release Notes, 6
sis, Release Notes, 7 Sheet pile wall sets, Diana Interactive Environment, Re-
Physical nonlinear, Release Notes, 8 lease Notes, 19
Pile foundations, beam, Release Notes, 42 Sheet pile walls, Diana Interactive Environment, Re-
Pile foundations, Release Notes, 37, 42 lease Notes, 19
Pile foundations, truss, Release Notes, 42 Side vertices, Release Notes, 16
Plane strain configuration, truss elements, Release Notes, Sign convention, beam elements, Release Notes, 42
41 Simple soil material, physical nonlinear analysis, Re-
Plasticity, tangent stiffness, Release Notes, 7, 8 lease Notes, 7
Poisson ratio reduction, Maekawa-Fukuura model, Re- Simple soil, general quadratic/hyberbolic shear model,
lease Notes, 5 Release Notes, 7
Porosity, Egg Cam-clay, Release Notes, 6 Soil, general quadratic/hyberbolic shear model, Release
Porosity, Modified Cam-clay, Release Notes, 6 Notes, 7
Potential flow, nodal fluxes, Release Notes, 10 Soil, Hardin-Drnevich, Release Notes, 6
Prescribed acceleration, Release Notes, 42 Soil, physical nonlinear analysis, Release Notes, 7
Prescribed velocities, Release Notes, 3 Soil, Ramberg-Osgood, Release Notes, 6
Prescribed velocity, Release Notes, 42 Soil, shear strain-ratio of secant and initial shear stiff-
Progress indicator, analyses, Release Notes, 21 ness diagram, Release Notes, 6
Property assignment, reinforcements, Release Notes, 19 Soil, shear strain-shear stress diagram, Release Notes, 6
Python script commands, deprecated, 32 Spacing, truss elements, Release Notes, 41
Python script commands, incompatibilities, 43 Split edge, Release Notes, 15
Python script commands, new, 30 Split wire, Release Notes, 15
Python scripting, Release Notes, 29 Staged construction analysis, geomechanical, Release
Notes, 42
Quadratic/hyperbolic shear model, general, Release Notes,
Status output, composed line elements, Release Notes,
7
11
Ramberg-Osgood soil, Release Notes, 6 Stop criterion, Release Notes, 8
Regular mesh, Release Notes, 16 Strength reduction analysis, Release Notes, 9
Regular truss elements, Release Notes, 41 Strength reduction, Hardening Soil model/Modified Mohr-
Reinforced concrete benchmarks, Release Notes, 37 Coulomb engineering input, Release Notes, 6
Reinforcement mesh, Release Notes, 17 Strength reduction, Hardening Soil model/Modified Mohr-
Reinforcement sets, Diana Interactive Environment, Re- Coulomb plasticity, Release Notes, 6
lease Notes, 19 Strength reduction, structural nonlinear analysis, Re-
reinforcementEmbedding, 32 lease Notes, 8
Reinforcements, Diana Interactive Environment, Release Structural nonlinear analysis, physical nonlinear analy-
Notes, 19 sis, Release Notes, 7
removeEdge, 32 Structural nonlinear analysis, Release Notes, 42
removeFace, 32 Structural nonlinear analysis, structural, Release Notes,
removeVertex, 32 7
Response analysis, hybrid frequency time domain, Re- Structured mesh, Release Notes, 16
lease Notes, 7 Symmetry conditions, finite element model, Release Notes,
Results view, mirroring, Release Notes, 25 25
reverseSheetOrientation, 32 Synchronization selection, Release Notes, 15

saveReport, Release Notes, 32 Theory Manual, Release Notes, 37

Scaling parameter, Maekawa-Fukuura model, Release Thickness change, status output, Release Notes, 11
Notes, 5 Thickness, parameter output, Release Notes, 10
Script commands, deprecated, 32 Time-load diagram, Release Notes, 42
Script commands, incompatibilities, 43 TIMELO table, Release Notes, 42
Script commands, new, 30 Total load based stop criterion, Release Notes, 8
Selection behavior, Release Notes, 15 Total Strain Crack model, Naganuma tensile concrete
Selection synchronization, Release Notes, 15 curve, Release Notes, 5
Selection tools, Diana Interactive Environment, Release Total Strain Crack model, Naganuma-Ahmad compres-
Notes, 21 sive concrete curve, Release Notes, 5
setContinuousInInterfaces, Release Notes, 32 Transient analysis, Release Notes, 42
setGeometryType, 32 Transient dynamic analysis, Release Notes, 42
setParameter, Release Notes, 30 Transmitting boundary, Release Notes, 42
setReinforcementEmbedding, 32 Truss elements, plane strain configuration, Release Notes,
setReinforcementType, 32 41

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
50 INDEX

Truss elements, Release Notes, 41

Truss elements, spacing, Release Notes, 41
Tutorials, 37

Upper bound, mirroring, Release Notes, 25

User Manual, 37
USERSS option, Release Notes, 42

Vector plot arrow orientation, Release Notes, 22

VELOCI subtable of LOADS, Release Notes, 42
Velocities, prescribed, Release Notes, 3
Velocity, base excitation, Release Notes, 3
Verification Report, Release Notes, 37

Water levels, geomechanical staged construction analy-

sis, Release Notes, 42
Water levels, Release Notes, 3
WATERL command, Release Notes, 42

June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV)
List of Figures

1.1 Visualization of water levels (relative position) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Visualization of water levels (absolute position) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.1 Loft modifier action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.2 Mapped meshing enhancements: a) face bounded by five edges, the numbers are the
edge divisions for the mesh seeding, b) Diana 10.3 unstructured mesh, c) Diana 10.4
structured mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 Locate feature in DianaIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4 Load combinations in DianaIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 Reinforcement sets and property assignments in DianaIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.6 Sheet pile wall set and property assignments in DianaIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.7 Anchor set and property assignments in DianaIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.8 Creation of node groups in DianaIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.9 DianaIE Selection tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.10 DianaIE status bar for distance and position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.11 DianaIE view settings for distance and position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.12 Analysis progress indicator in DianaIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.13 Relative frequency of result values in color scale annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.14 Switch on the relative frequencies in the color scale annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.15 Vector plot with arrow orientation head at node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.16 Vector plot with arrow orientation tail at node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.17 Nodal averaging of element results - no averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.18 Nodal averaging of element results - average all contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.19 Nodal averaging of element results - average contributions within set . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.20 Normalized deformation in X direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.21 Normalized deformation in Y and Z directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.22 Results in the model without mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.23 Results in the model with Y axis mirror (lower bound) and X axis mirror (lower bound) 28
2.24 Global extreme values for temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.25 Extreme values per mesh set for temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV) June 18, 2020 – First ed.
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June 18, 2020 – First ed. Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV)
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Diana-10.4 User’s Manual – Release Notes (IV) June 18, 2020 – First ed.