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Electronics Lab: Op-Amp Analysis

This document describes an experiment using op-amps as integrators and differentiators. The objectives are to determine the effect of these circuits on input signal frequency and pulse width. An integrator produces an output voltage equal to the area under the input waveform. A differentiator produces an output voltage equal to the rate of change of the input. The procedure involves building these circuits and observing how square waves of varying frequency are processed, producing triangle or "shark fin" waves from the integrator and amplified sloped waves from the differentiator. The conclusion is that the circuits work as intended but bandwidth limitations cause distortion at very high or low frequencies.

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Arct John Alfante Zamora
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134 views6 pages

Electronics Lab: Op-Amp Analysis

This document describes an experiment using op-amps as integrators and differentiators. The objectives are to determine the effect of these circuits on input signal frequency and pulse width. An integrator produces an output voltage equal to the area under the input waveform. A differentiator produces an output voltage equal to the rate of change of the input. The procedure involves building these circuits and observing how square waves of varying frequency are processed, producing triangle or "shark fin" waves from the integrator and amplified sloped waves from the differentiator. The conclusion is that the circuits work as intended but bandwidth limitations cause distortion at very high or low frequencies.

Uploaded by

Arct John Alfante Zamora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE103L – Industrial Electronics Laboratory

Activity #3a
Integrator Op-amp

Name: Zamora, Arct John A. Date: 06/21/20


Section: B32 Laboratory Instructor: Wendel Basbas

I. Learning Objectives:
At the end of the laboratory experiment, the students should be able to:
1. Determine the effect of an active integrator on the frequency and pulse width of an input waveshape.

II. Short discussion


An integrator produces an output voltage equal to the area under the waveform being integrated.
In practice, the integration period is specified. This concept is illustrated in Figure 2-9.

The integrating network is comprised of R1 and C1. Capacitor C1 in the feedback path produces
an output voltage which leads the circuit input voltage. Figure 2-10 shows an active integrator.
Operational amplifier U1 serves as the active component.

III. Procedure
1. Locate the inverting op-amp circuit on the link below.
https://www.multisim.com/content/QuPhbYwjzANsejmghQbpsD/ece103l-activity3-
integrator-op-amp/open/
2. Check the circuit if similar with the image below.

3. Based on the integrator circuit, what is the dc and low frequency gain of the circuit? Used the
formula: Gain (dc) = R3/R1.
Gain (dc) = __10__________.
4. Measure and record the output signal peak-to-peak voltage of the integrator.
VOUT = __4.9997__ volts.
5. Based on the output and input voltage values, what is the low frequency gain of the integrator
circuit? Use VOUT/VIN.
Gain = __9.9994__.
6. Adjust the generator for a 10 kHz square wave frequency. What is the resulted waveform?
Ans: The result is a vertically shifted triangle waveform.
7. Then adjust the generator from 10kHz to 100Hz square wave frequency. What is the resulted
waveform?

Ans: “Shark Fin”Waveform


8. Based on your observation, did the output amplitude increase or decrease as the square wave
signal frequency decreases from 10kHz to 100Hz?

Ans: Yes
Activity #3b
Differentiator Op-amp

Name: Date:
Section: B32 Laboratory Instructor: Wendel Basbas

IV. Learning Objectives:


At the end of the laboratory experiment, the students should be able to:
2. Determine the effect of an active differentiator on the frequency and pulse width of an input
waveshape.

V. Short discussion
A differentiator produces an output voltage equal to the rate of change on the input waveform
being differentiated. This concept is illustrated in Figure 2.15.

Figure 2-16 shows an active differentiator. Operational amplifier U1 serves as the active
component. The differentiating network is comprised of C1 and R2. Notice that the feedback path
is resistive (R2), and that U1 is operated in an inverting configuration.

VI. Procedure
1. Locate the inverting op-amp circuit on the link below.
https://www.multisim.com/content/QuPhbYwjzANsejmghQbpsD/ece103l-activity3-
integrator-op-amp/open/
2. Check the circuit if similar with the image below.

3. Based on the amplitude of input and output waveform, calculate, and record the current gain.
Used gain = output voltage over input voltage, with both voltages expressed in peak values.
Gain = (3.1096V-(-3.1095V))/500mV=12.4382 based on peak.
4. Maintain the circuit input voltage at the level recorded in previous step. Complete the table
for the test frequencies and provide the corresponding waveform.

Test
VOUT
Frequenc Gain
(pk)
y
5 kHz  3.6144  14.535
1 kHz 4.9671   19.868
 10.242
100 kHz  2.5606
4
VII. Conclusion
Based on the results and output waveforms, it is proven that the differentiators and integrators
yield the output waveform that they are intended to be used for, but due to the BW limitations,
aside from the decreasing of gain, the output waveform is distorted due to the frequencies that
are filtered out.

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