WATERPROOFING

PARAMOUNT SOLUTIONS FOR

BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES
 solutions
content

4 All Round Solutions for Waterproofing

10 Project Considerations

12 Basement Waterproofing Concept

14 Paramount Waterproofing Products Overview

16 Paramount -A - Fully Bonded Membrane System

20 Paramounr - Compartmentalised Membrane System

22 Paramount- Liquid Applied Membrane System

24 Paramount Waterproof Mortars and Bituminous Coatings

26 Paramount Watertight Concrete

30 Paramount - Cavity Drainage System

32 Flexible Waterproofing of Tunnels

36 Waterproofing for Bridge Decks

38 Tank Linings BENEFIT OF OUR SOLUTIONS

Paramount is the world’s leading waterproofing company and has been producing
40 Waterproofing for Balconies and Walkways innovative and high quality waterproofing products since 1995.
Our fully integrated and compatible system solutions are sustainably
42 Repair and Refurbishment Solutions produced and well proven in practice for many decades all over the world;
tested and certified according to various international test standards. Paramount
offers clients, specifiers and contractors the security of clearly defined
performance characteristics and the most robust solutions for their
specific requirements.

WATERPROOFING
2 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 3
 ALL ROUND SOLUTIONS
FOR WATERPROOFING

irements atertight
. We consider
the entire waterproofing process to the very last detail and can provide solutions
for both new build and refurbishment projects. We have a wide range of systems
for both keeping water in and keeping water out.

BELOW GROUND waterproofing solutions FOR:

1 Residential buildings
Storage rooms, wellness and fitness areas or movie theatres.

2 commercial office buildings

Computer rooms, storage rooms and print rooms.

3 Archives/libraries
Completely dry basement waterproofing solutions for humid sensitive
archive rooms.

4 underground parking areaS

5 underground rail stations AND TUNNELLING

8 Specific waterproofing solutions for cut and cover and TBM construction
methods.

6 RETAIL UNITS AND WAREHOUSES

Complete dry waterproofing solutions to protect goods against humidity.
2
7 LEISURE FACILITIES
6 4 Below ground leisure facilities and indoor swimming pools and other
sports rooms.
5

7
OTHER waterproofing solutions FOR:

8 PODIUM DECKS AND BALCONIES

For balconies and walkways.
9
1 3 9 TANK LININGS
Attenuation and sprinkler tanks, potable water tanks, reservoirs and
dirty water systems.

WATERPROOFING
4 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 5
 PARAMOUNT SERVICES

different a full range of waterproofing

requirements in new basement construction and refurbishment. With more
than 100 years of experience in Structural Waterproofing, Sika is the reliable partner for all of
the parties involved on every project. Innovative Sika waterproofing solutions that include
both rigid and flexible waterproofing systems, create Added Value for our customers every
day and support our customers everywhere – right from the initial project design and
detailing, through to successful installation and completion on site.

REGISTERED WATERPROOFING CONTRACTOR SCHEME

The Registered Waterproofing
Contractors Scheme has
The specification detailing and been introduced for use in
Design Support Specification Support
product selection is critical to ensure conjunction with the PARA-1
the long term success of the project. Pre-bagged waterproofing
Sika therefore provide a range of system, PARA Proof® and
support services to assist architects, PARAplan®. The need to reduce
contractors and engineers including: the risk to both specifier
and client has given rise to this scheme, which is designed
́́ A technical advisory department, to facilitate the selection of assessed contractors. It allows
onsite support and after sales total quality control – from product to service to installation,
service granting clients complete peace of mind with a wholly
́́ Detailed assessment of project and performance criteria professional service nationwide. The main benefit of the
́́ NBS and CSI* specification clauses Registered Contractor Scheme is to help minimise risk. Not
́́ Complete material data, installation guidelines, health and only can clients be sure of excellent standards of materials
and workmanship, both can be guaranteed for a period of
safety information and where appropriate maintenance
up to 15 years.
schedules
́́ Selection of appropriate concept and system solutions ́́ Specifications and Method Statements The criteria includes:
́́ Specification service
́́ Detail drawings including CAD and 3D Stable trading history
́́ Concrete mix design and control ́́ The Training Academy, to ensure internal staff, contractors,
Satisfactory project references
́́ Engineering details, custom solutions ́́ Watertight guarantee concepts clients and specifiers have a full understanding of systems Proven commitment to safety, health and environment
́́ Cost/Performance/Life cycle analysis
Compliance with all relevant British Standards
* Construction Specification Institute Appropriate insurance cover
VAT Registered
Site Support Maintenance Support

́́ Concrete laboratories (incl. mobile units) ́́ Maintenance Manuals

́́ Application training on site ́́ Refurbishment systems
́́ Troubleshooting ́́ Repair and refurbishment documentation
́́ Quality Control procedures ́́ Site Inspection and refurbishment proposals
́́ Approved contractor scheme ́́ Approved contractor scheme

WATERPROOFING PARAMOUNT SOLUTIONS FOR WATERPROOFING

6 BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES PARAMOUNT SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND 7
STRUCTURES
 exposure and
stress

wATERPROOFING SySTEMS for below ground structures are faced

Dynamic force
with stringent requirements regarding durability, exposure and stress
conditions. Today, owners generally request a service life of buildings of
50 years or more and infrastructure of up to 100 years. Lack of
Temperature variation
watertightness can severely reduce the long-term durability of buildings
and below-ground structures. This can badly affect its planned use as
water ingress will result in physical attack and deterioration of the
concrete and embedded steel..

Static force

Biological attack Water pressure Gas (Methane, Radon) Aggressive ground water

type of exposure and stress Exposure impact on below ground structures

Below ground structures can be subject to many different exposure conditions including:
These different types of exposure may adversely influence the use, watertightness and durability of a basement structure,
resulting in a reduced service life of the entire structure.
́́ Different levels of water exposure and pressure (e.g. damp soil, percolating water or water under hydrostatic pressure,
and open water, variable water tables) Exposure Impact on structure
́́ Aggressive ground water containing chemicals (commonly sulfates and chlorides in solution) Water ingress • D
 amage to structure, finishes, contents and the internal environment (condensation and mould
́́ Unequal static forces (due to load, settlement, or uplift)
growth etc.), loss of thermal insulation, corrosion of steel reinforcement
́́ Dynamic forces (e.g. from settlement, seismic activity)
́́ Temperature variations Aggressive chemicals • Concrete damage (due to sulfate attack), corrosion of steel reinforcement (due to chloride attack)
́́ Gases in the ground (e.g. Methane and Radon) Unequal static forces • Structural cracking
́́ Aggressive biological influences (plant roots/growth, fungal or bacterial attack)
Dynamic forces • Structural cracking
Temperature variations • Condensation, scaling or cracking of concrete
Gas penetration • Gas penetration and exposure for occupants
Fungal/bacterial attack • Damage to the waterproofing system, finishes or contents

WATERPROOFING
8 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 9
 PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS Service life / durability
PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS

PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
2
To define the appropriate waterproofing strategy and type of system for a specific project, it is important to consider not only
the ground conditions but also the project requirements of the owner. The functionality and future use, service life and the total
cost of ownership should also be considered. service life / durability

Project considerations The performance of each different waterproofing technology can generally be positioned as follows:

6
Compartmentalized membrane systems with control and injection back-up

1 Functionality
(Use, grade of watertightness)
2 Service Life / Durability

3 Total Cost of Ownership

(incl. maintenance cost)

high
1 Degree of watertightness
5

2
Fully bonded polymeric sheet membranes

Watertight Concrete /
4
Liquid Applied reactive
membranes (PUR/PUA)

medium
The British standard BS 8102:2009 describes different levels of watertightness required for the end use of a structure.
White Box

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Additional Requirements

(formerly Grade 4)
1
Basic utility Better utility Habitable As Grade 3 plus: Consider Mortars / Screeds
Some seepage and damp No water penetration. No water penetration, totally internal environment
areas tolerable* Ventilation may be required dry environment required

low
́́ Air conditioning
́́ Ventilation
́́ Radon and methane 3
Bitumen membranes
protection
* Dependent on use
3
Bitumen coatings

Very low
Exposure /
Aggressive
conditions

low moderate high extreme

́́ Underground car parks

́́ Plant rooms
́́ Underground car parks
́́ Storage areas
́́ Ventilated residential units
and offices
́́ Residential areas
́́ Computer rooms
3 TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP

́́ Workshops ́́ Workshops ́́ Restaurants and ́́ Archives The total cost of ownership (TCO) includes all of the building costs for the entire service life of the structure, including the
́́ Electrical plant rooms commercial areas ́́ Special purpose facilities initial investment, the cost of any loss or damage to interior furnishings and goods etc. due to water ingress, the cost of any
́́ Leisure facilities and areas repair and maintenance, plus the cost of any downtime during any such works.

WATERPROOFING
10 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 11
 basement waterproofing
concept
PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS

PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
BS 8102:2009 outlines three different waterproofing methods, the choice of which should take all of the relevant project
requirements into consideration. The standard suggests consideration be given to the use of dual systems. For example, Type A plus
Type B protection where the assessed risks are deemed to be high or the consequences of a failure to achieve the required internal
environment are too high. Sika are able to offer a complete solution in these circumstances.

External waterproofing system (type A) Integral waterproofing system (type b)

A waterproofing barrier applied on the external surfaces that are exposed A waterproofing system integrated into the concrete structure. Liquid
to ground water (possitive side). The structure is protected against water water penetration is stopped by the structure itself and cannot entirely pass
ingress and also against any aggressive substances or influences. through into the basement. Typical products are admixtures for watertight
For some materials such as post applied waterproofing mortars and coatings, concrete combined with appropriate joint sealing systems for connections,
access to the external surfaces is required for application after concreting. construction and movement joints.

́́ Grade of watertightness: Grades 1 – 3

́́ Grade of watertightness: Grades 1 – 3 plus additional requirements ́́ Application: New construction
́́ Application: New construction ́́ Protection provided: Waterproofing
́́ Protection provided: Waterproofing & concrete protection ́́ Durability: Very high durability (for non-agressive ground water)
́́ Durability: Low to high durability (dependent upon application)

Internally applied waterproofing system (type A) internally applied waterproofing system (type c)
A waterproof barrier is applied on the internal surfaces of the structure The system directs penetrating water into a drainage system and a
(negative side). These systems do not prevent damage to the structure from collection sump before using a pump to discharge water from the building.
water ingress, nor concrete damage due to aggressive chemicals.
Generally these systems are applied as coatings or sheet membrane linings, ́́ Grade of watertightness: Grades 1 – 3
and are recommended for refurbishment works for example where access to ́́ Application: New construction/refurbishment
the directly exposed surfaces is not possible. ́́ Protection provided: Waterproofing
́́ Durability: Limited durability (as the structure is unprotected)
́́ Grade of watertightness: Grades 1 – 3
́́ Application: Generally for refurbishment or as additional measures
́́ Protection provided: Waterproofing
́́ Durability: limited durability (as the structure is unprotected)

WATERPROOFING
12 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 13
 PARAMOUNT
WATERPROOFING
PRODUCTS
PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS

PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS
watertight Concrete ParaProof® Paraplan® Paralastic® Cavity Drainage Para-1 System Paraseal. ®

Technology / Type of system Watertight Concrete Fully bonded Sheet Membrane Compartmentalised Membrane System Liquid Applied Membranes Cavity Drainage System Render System Mortars & Coatings
(Type B) (Type A) with integrated control- and Injection (Type A) (Type C) (Type A) (Type A)
back-up (Type A)

Waterproofing Concept / Strategy Integral Externally applied Externally applied Externally applied Internally applied Internally applied Externally applied

Grade of watertightness Grades 1 – 3 Grades 1 – 3 plus additional requirements Grades 1 – 3 plus additional requirements Grades 1 – 3 plus additional requirements Grades 1 – 3 Grades 1-3 Grades 1 – 2

Concrete protection High High Very high Very high Low Low (high if external) Limited

Water resistance level ́́ High hydrostatic pressure ́́ High hydrostatic pressure ́́ Very high hydrostatic pressure ́́ Medium hydrostatic pressure ́́ Seepage / percolating water ́́ High hydrostatic pressure ́́ Seepage / percolating water
́́ Seepage / percolating water ́́ Seepage / percolating water ́́ Seepage / percolating water ́́ Seepage / percolating water ́́ Rising capillary water ́́ Seepage / percolating water ́́ Rising capillary water
́́ Rising capillary water ́́ Rising capillary water ́́ Rising capillary water ́́ Rising capillary water ́́ Rising capillary water

Performance characteristics Crack-bridging: n.a. Crack-bridging: ++ Crack-bridging: +++ Crack-bridging: ++ Crack-bridging: n.a. Crack-bridging: n.a. Crack-bridging: n.a.
Water vapour tightness: + Water vapour tightness: +++ Water vapour tightness: +++ Water vapour tightness: +++ Water vapour tightness: + Water vapour tightness: ++ Water vapour tightness: +
Chemical resistance: ++ Chemical resistance: ++ Chemical resistance: +++ Chemical resistance: ++ Chemical resistance: n.a. Chemical resistance: ++ Chemical resistance: +
Gas barrier: + Gas barrier: +++ Gas barrier: +++ Gas barrier: ++ Gas barrier: + Gas barrier: + Gas barrier: +
Durability: +++ Durability: +++ Durability: +++ Durability: ++ Durability: + Durability: ++ Durability: +

Safety level / Reliability Medium Medium to high Very high Medium Medium to high High Low to medium

Excavation method Open excavation and piled walls Open excavation and piled walls Open excavation and piled walls Only open excavation n.a. n.a. Only open excavation

Repair in the event of leaks By local injection of limited areas. By crack injection By injection of leaking compartments By crack injection Regular maintenance is required By crack injection By crack or area injection
Damage is easy to locate through integrated back-up system.
Easy to control and locate due to control
sockets or active control system. Re-
injection possible.

Conditions of application ́́ Limited to suitable temperatures for ́́ Controlled conditions required ́́ Substrate preparation required ́́ Controlled conditions required ́́ Substrate preparation maybe required ́́ Substrate preparation required ́́ Controlled conditions required
concreting works. (temperature, water, humidity). (temperature, water, humidity) ́́ Installation of sumps and pumps ́́ Stop running water (temperature, water, humidity)
́́ No substrate preparation required ́́ Substrate preparation required ́́ Substrate preparation required ́́ Regular maintenance of sumps and ́́ Substrate preparation required
́́ Membrane must be protected until ́́ Fast installation pumps
the reinforced concrete is placed

Advantages ́́ Very cost effective ́́ Highly efficient ́́ High waterproofing security ́́ High performance ́́ Limited surface preparation required ́́ Bonds to substrate ́́ Very cost effective
́́ No protection required (walls) ́́ High performance ́́ Very high performance ́́ Easy detailing solutions ́́ Can be used where the substrate ́́ Hardwearing surface ́́ Simple & fast to apply
́́ Simple & fast construction ́́ Easy to apply ́́ Simple and fast to repair ́́ High durability does not have the strength to resist ́́ No ongoing maintenance
́́ High durability ́́ Low risk ́́ High durability / reliability stresses caused by water pressure ́́ Approved Contractors available
́́ High durability ́́ Integrated system redundancy
́́ Approved Contractors available ́́ Approved Contractors available

WATERPROOFING
14 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 15
 ParaProof®-A FULLy
BONDED
MEMBRANE SySTEM
PARA’S uNIquE, PRE APPlIED, Fully BONDED AND CRACK BRIDGING MEMBRANE SySTEM.
ParaProof®-A consists of an embossed, highly flexible polyolefin membrane, with a unique grid pattern
of sealant and a specially designed non-woven fleece.
TYPE A PROTECTION

TYPE A PROTECTION
This unique system produces a durable mechanical bond to the fresh
concrete. In addition, the sealant prevents any lateral water underflow
and migration between the ParaProof®A membrane system and the
structural concrete

Paraproof can be used to waterproof all The benefits of the ParaProof® system
types of reinforced concrete basements are:
and other below ground structures. Typical ́High durability
projects are; ́No lateral water underflow
́ Residential and industrial buildings ́High flexibility and crack bridging
such as housing, commercial and ability
leisure facilities ́Cost effective solution
1 ́ Engineered structures such as retaining ́Approved detailings
walls, tunnel shafts, cut and cover ́Effective radon and methane barrieŕ
tunnels. Quality backed by warranty and a
BBA certificate.
ParaProof®-A complies with BS
2 8102:2009 Type A construction.

ParaProof®-A  re- and cold applied sheet waterproofing membrane system for
P
4
application below base slabs, on single and double-faced formwork
cast walls.

ParaProof®-P Post-applied sheet waterproofing membrane system, specially

1 2 3 4
designed for roof slabs and double-faced formwork cast walls.
Complementary products for joint sealing and waterproofing:
Para® waterbar Internal or external applied waterstops based on PVC, TPO or
galvanised steel for construction and movement joints.
Para® SG System  ver-banding sealing tape system for post-sealing and
O
waterproofing of construction and movement joints, around
penetrations and for connections.
ParaSwell® Sealants  ange of hydrophilic profiles and gun applied sealants,
R
and Profiles designed for sealing and waterproofing of construction joints and
ParaProof®-A ParaProof®-P Para® waterbar Para- SG
penetrations.(e.g. pipe entries).
ParaFuko® Injection hoses for construction joints and other details, with or
Injection hoses without swelling strips, which can be used for sealing by
injection and re-injection in the event of future movement etc.

WATERPROOFING
16 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 17
 CASE STUDIEstudies
Para®-A

FARRINGDON STATION ACCESS ShAFTS, lONDON ASQUITH SPENCER PARK, WANDSWORTH, LONDON

This access shaft at the new Farringdon Underground Station, is part of CJ O’Shea and Co. Ltd, built a stunning new development at
the new Crossrail project, which will link Maidenhead and Heathrow in Asquith Spencer Park, comprising of four new homes designed by
the west to Shenfield and Abbey Wood in the east, via 21km twin-bore Chassey and Last Architects for Landview Properties, set within acres
tunnels running under central London. On completion, the Farringdon of rural scenery close to Wandsworth Common. Each home covers in
Interchange will link with London Underground and Thameslink and excess of 425 square metres, with a lower floor basement, plus four
TYPE A PROTECTION

TYPE A PROTECTION
will become one of Britain’s busiest train stations. additional floors above ground, together with associated landscaping
and parking.
The shaft was formed by the construction of concrete piles around
the perimeter, followed by the excavation of the enclosed earth from The basement area provides an extensive cinema
within. The pile rings and base slab were then constructed. and games room, together with a utility room and guest bedroom.
The concept is to give the homeowners a seamless blend of high-end
A safe and reliable waterproofing solution was required to prevent any technology with refined family living.
water ingress through and around the base slab, which is of circular
section, approximately 200m2 in area, and situated 20 metres below A cost effective watertight solution for the basement was required,
ground level. Dense steel reinforcement within the base slab and the that would ensure complete watertightness and adhere to the
complicated detail at the intersection between the cast slab and the principles laid out for Grade 3 of BS 8102:2009.
sprayed concrete lining, meant that traditional rear-guard waterbars
were not an option to seal the joint. During the design development, CJ O’Shea chose a dual system from
ParaLimited. This consisted of ParaProof® A, together with the Para®
The new, innovative, fully bonded waterproofing membrane system Watertight Concrete system.
ParaProof® A-12 was selected to prevent water ingress through the base
slab. It is a completely engineered solution, which produces a mechanical The membrane surface of ParaProof® A is embossed with a grid pattern,
bond with the concrete, and incorporates a unique grid pattern of sealant which contains a sealant, and is topped by a thin layer of fleece which
that prevents any lateral water underflow and migration between the forms a mechanical bond to the concrete when it dries. The grid pattern is
membrane and concrete. also unique. It offers additional protection, due to the integrated sealant,
which bonds tightly with the surface of the concrete, forming mini
ParaProof® A-12 is easy and simple to install and complies with BS watertight compartments. Therefore, even if the membrane is damaged
8102-2009 Type A construction. Para Tricosal Metal Waterstop, or pierced, moisture or pressured water cannot spread between the
ParaSwell® A-2010 and ParaFuko® VT 1 jointing solutions were installed membrane and the concrete structure as it is contained within the small
around the perimeter of the slab to protect against any water ingress at damaged grid square.
the interception of the slab and the walls.
In this ‘belt and braces’ construction, Para® Watertight Concrete system is
also being used for all basement construction. Watertightness of the
concrete is obtained by incorporating powerful, state-of-the-art, Para
admixtures in the mix. Hanson Concrete supplied 400m3 of Para
Watertight Concrete to the project. Joints were sealed using the BBA
approved ParaSwell® jointing system, which consists of joint sealing
profiles that expand on contact with water.

WATERPROOFING WATERPROOFING
18 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 19
 membrane
compartmentalised
system
hIGh PERFORMANCE, CRACK-BRIDGING AND Fully CONTROllED. Highly flexible waterproofing
systems using Paraplan® PVC-P or FPO based sheet waterproofing membranes are installed externally
and cover the entire basement structure in contact with the ground. The waterproofing layer is divided
into compartments’ with a network of cast in place compatible waterstops that are welded to the
membrane.
This allows very significant reduction of risk in the event of any leaks
TYPE A PROTECTION

TYPE A PROTECTION
(e.g. from damage to the membrane). The position of the leak is easy to
locate by the control and injection sockets and remedial action
(i.e. injection) can be taken to ensure continued watertightness and
concrete protection of the system at any time during its service life.

Paraplan® systems are used extensively in heavy civil engineering

situations or where highly aggressive conditions prevail.

5
4

2
3
tions

Paraplan® wP 1100 series  omogeneous and plasticized PVC sheet waterproofing mem-
H
branes and gas-tight barriers for general use, loose laid with the
membrane overlaps connected by heat welding.
Paraplan® wT 1200 series  PO sheet waterproofing membranes and gas-tight barriers for
F
use against aggressive groundwater, loose laid with the mem-
1 brane overlaps connected by heat welding.

Para® waterbar wP/wT  ast-in-place external waterstops, based on PVC or FPO, connect-
C
1 2 3 4 5 ed with similar based sheet waterproofing membranes by heat
welding, for compartmentalized waterproofing systems.

Control- and  reformed pieces based on PVC or FPO, connected with flexible
P
Injection Sockets injection pipes to allow access to compartments for the control of
watertightness and injection in the event of leaks.

Complementary sealing system solutions:

Paraplan® wT Tape 200  dhesive sealing tape based on FPO, compatible with Sikaplan
A
WT sheet membranes for waterproofing the terminations of post-
Paraplan® wT/wP Para waterbar Control-/Injection Para® waterbar applied compartment systems.
Sockets
Para® Dilatec E/ER  dhesive sealing tapes based on plasticized PVC, compatible to
A
Sikaplan WP sheet membranes for water proofing terminations of
post applied compartment systems.

WATERPROOFING
20 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 21
 Paralastic®
LIQUID APPLIED
membrane system
FAST TO APPly, CRACK-BRIDGING, POlyuREThANE AND POlyuREA BASED lIquID MEMBRANES.
Para liquid applied membranes (LAM) are highly elastic and flexible polymeric systems, usually based on
polyurethane or polyurea resins with excellent technical properties for high performance applications. These
materials are applied on prepared / primed external concrete surfaces by spraying and provide excellent
solutions for complex detailing.
TYPE A PROTECTION

TYPE A PROTECTION
Liquid applied membranes will also prevent any lateral water underflow
in the event of local damage. Application below the base slab is done on a
special fleece before the structural concrete slab is placed.

Paralastic® polyurea systems are ideally suited to the waterproofing

of podium deck slabs and compatible with Para solutions for below
ground waterproofing, thereby offering a one-stop-shop solution for
waterproofing the entire structure.

1 4
tions

Paralastic®-841 ST  ighly flexible, very fast curing polyurea based, liquid applied
H
membranes with very good chemical resistance for both verticle
and horizonal areas. Also HAPAS approved for use in bridge deck
5 waterproofing.
2
Paralastic®-8800 Highly flexible, very fast curing, pure polyurea based, liquid
applied membranes with very good chemical resistance for both,
1 2 3 4 5 vertical and horizontal areas.
Complementary products for Joint Sealing and Waterproofing:
Para S® waterbar Internal or external applied waterstops based on PVC, TPO or gal-
vanised steel for construction and movement joints.
ParaFuko® Injection hoses for construction joints and other details, with or
Injection hoses without swelling strips, which can be used for sealing by
injection and re-injection in the event of future movement etc.
ParaSwell® Sealants  ange of hydrophilic profiles and gun applied sealants, designed
R
Sikalastic®-841 ST Sika® Waterbar SikaSwell® Sikalastic®-801 SikaFuko® and Profiles for the sealing and waterproofing of construction joints and pen-
etrations (e.g. pipe entries).
Para® SG System High performance, over-banding sealing tape system for post-
sealing and waterproofing of construction and movement joints.

WATERPROOFING
22 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 23
 PARAWATERPROOF MORTARS
AND BITUMINOUS COATINGS

ExTERNAlly APPlIED SySTEMS wITh OR wIThOuT CRACK-BRIDGING ABIlITIES. Para

waterproof mortars and bitumen based coatings are rigid or semi-flexible waterproofing products.
They are supplied as ready to use solutions to seal against damp soil, seepage and percolating water.
They must be pre-applied on suitable substrates under new structural concrete slabs and are
generally post-applied externally on new walls.
TYPE A PROTECTION

TYPE A PROTECTION
They must be used in combination with appropriate joint waterproofing systems for
construction and movement joints. Good external drainage with a permanent
dewatering system is also necessary; normally using drainage pipes placed at or below
the level of the base slabs to prevent any build-up of water pressure.

Use Main Advantage Typical Projects

́́ As a waterproofing system ́́ Cost efficient solution ́́ Domestic applica-
for Grades 1 to 2 (Material + Application) tions
́́ To protect structures ́́ Ready to use & easy to ́́ Residential buildings
against percolating water apply ́́ Industrial buildings
́́ For limited ground condi- ́́ Provide additional
tions (no settlement, less concrete protection
aggressive environments,
low water pressure)

ParaTop® Seal-107  -component, polymer modified, rigid cementitious waterproofing

2
mortar, internally and externally applied for full surface
2 waterproofing and tanking.

ParaSeal®-250 Migrating  -component, rigid and cement based active crystalline

1
4
waterproofing slurry for internal and external applications on

1 2 3 4
concrete.

Paralsatic®-1K  -component, flexible, fibre reinforced mortar, based on cement

1
modified with special alkali-resistent polymers. Ideal for
waterproofing surfaces subject to flexural strain.

Para® Igolflex®-200 series 2-component, flexible, solvent-free, fibre-filled bitumen based

coatings, for use against water ingress and in contact with ground
water (positive water pressure side). Also used for detailing in
conjunction with other Sika systems.
Complementary products for joint sealing and waterproofing:
Para® waterbar Internal or external applied waterstops based on PVC, TPO or
galvanised steel for construction and movement joints.
ParaSwell® Sealants  ange of hydrophilic profiles and gun applied sealants,
R
and Profiles designed for the sealing and waterproofing of construction joints
and penetrations (e.g. pipe entries).

WATERPROOFING
24 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 25
 Para® Watertight
Concrete

concreteadmixture technology.
Combining this with our expertise in waterproofing has led to the
development and evolution of the PARA® Watertight Concrete System, now
the most widely used system of its type in the UK.

tions The benefits of the Para® Watertight

Concrete System are clear:
́ Time saved at design and construction
stages as the need for external
membranes with their complex
detailing and installation is eliminated.
́́ Cost effective in comparison with
membranes and other systems.
Delivers maximum usable area to the
occupier.
́Quality backed by warranty, BBA
TYPE B PROTECTION

TYPE B PROTECTION
certificate and a 60 years track record.
4 ́ Peace of mind for the client, specifier,
contractor and end of user of the
building. So confident are we in
the performance of Para®
Watertight Concrete System that
we offer a 15 year warranty.

ParaPlast® /  id and high range water reducing admixtures for reducing w/c
M
ParaViscoCrete® ratio of concrete, in turn reducing the volume of capillary pores
3 and improving rheology and consistence.
1 6
Para® watertight Pore-blocking admixture to block pores against water penetration.
2 Concrete Powder
Para Control  hrinkage reducing admixture to limit crack formation throughout
S
the hardening phase.
Parafume® range  dditives based on pozzolanic silica fume that can be used to
A

1 2 3 4 5 6
reduce the hardened pore volume of the concrete.
Para® waterbar Internal or external applied waterstops based on PVC, TPO or
galvanised steel for construction and movement joints.
Parawell® Sealants  ange of hydrophilic profiles and gun applied sealants, designed
R
and Profiles for the sealing and waterproofing of construction joints and
penetrations (e.g. pipe entries).

ParaFuko® Injection hoses for construction joints that can be used for sealing
Injection Hoses by injection and re-injection in the event of future movement etc.
S ® Para® SG System  igh performance, over-banding sealing tape system for post-
H
sealing and waterproofing of construction and movement joints.

Para® waterbars Internal and external applied waterstops and flanging systems
based on rubber for heavy duty joint waterproofing.

WATERPROOFING
26 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 27
 CASE STUDIES
Para® Watertight Concrete

ROyAl ShAKESPEAR ThEATRE, STRATFORD-uPON-AVON SCARBOROuGh SPA, NORTh yORKShIRE

The grade ll* listed Royal Shakespeare Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon has Para® Watertight Concrete was used to keep water
undergone a highly successful transformation that greatly enhances the live theatre out in the lift and basement areas during a major £6.5
experience of the audience. As part of the refurbishment, Para® Watertight Concrete million refurbishment of Scarborough’s historic Spa, a
was used during the construction of the seven metre deep stage basement which will multi-purpose venue on the yorkshire coast.
be used to create a scenic spectacle on the new main stage.
This Grade ll listed Victorian building is situated on the
Due to its proximity to the River Avon, the water table on the site is high, and site of the original spa house, which was erected in the
precautions were required to ensure the building remained watertight. To achieve early 1700’s following the discovery of natural mineral
this, Para® Watertight Concrete was specified by Buro Happold in the construction of waters, which it were claimed, had medicinal properties.
the stage basement, where the greater excavation depth meant the danger Since then, use of the natural water wells declined
of water ingress was at its greatest. The Para® Watertight Concrete system is BBA and finally ceased, but the Victorian Spa building itself
certified and has been keeping water in and out of structures for 50 years. It has continued to evolve, and today is an outstanding
incorporates two powerful state-of-the-art Para admixtures that will guarantee the venue for conference, exhibition, entertainment and
future integrity of the building. banqueting facilities.

Smiths Concrete supplied 300 cubic metres of Para® Watertight Concrete to John The Para® Watertight Concrete system was used to
TYPE B PROTECTION

TYPE B PROTECTION
Doyle Construction who were responsible for the substructures and superstructures of protect the basement areas of the refurbishment, which
the refurbishment. Buro Happold was the engineering consultancy for the project. includes the addition of new dressing rooms and a new
Mace were the Construction Managers. hydraulic lift pit. Hanson Concrete supplied 200 cubic metres of
Para® Watertight Concrete, which was
The design by Bennetts Associates Architects has sensitively combined aspects chosen for the below ground structures to ensure a dry
of the previous theatre into the new transformed building. At the heart of the and comfortable environment. This innovative system
redevelopment is a new 1,040+ seat thruststage auditorium which the stage incorporates state of the art Para admixtures to prevent water
projects into, and is surrounded on three sides by the audience. A new tower with a penetrating through the concrete.
32 metre high viewing platform has also been added, providing a visual landmark,
with views across the town taking in historical landmarks including Shakespeare’s This guaranteed system is BBA certified and has a
birthplace. successful track record going back 50 years.

The modern transformation of the Royal Shakespeare Theatre is a successful To complete the system, construction joints were sealed with
evolution of the original 19th and 20th century theatres that stood on the site. the ParaSwell® jointing system, which consists of
joint sealing profiles that expand on contact with water
to seal any voids between adjoining concrete slabs.

The Grand Hall, which is at the heart of the Spa, has now
been returned to its original Victorian splendour with
theatre seating for nearly 2000 people, or alternatively,
it can be cleared to give 823 square metres of exhibition
space. The refurbished Spa, is one of the largest multipurpose
conference and entertainment venues on the
North East coast, offering a full range of conference,
hospitality and entertainment facilities.

WATERPROOFING
28 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 29
 Para® C D
cavity drainage system

creates a water management system to The system directs penetrating water into a drainage system and a collection sump before
control water after it has penetrated the structure. Utilising a high using a pump to discharge water from the building. Cavity drain provides protection from the
ingress of water, vapour and gases. Suitable for above and below ground usage.
density polyethylene internal drainage membrane, the system is installed loose laid
in flooring applications and attached to the wall with surface plugs in vertical The membranes are fixed to the walls using special plugs with minimum surface preparation
installations. required to the substrate. Once the membrane has been fitted, wall surfaces can be dry lined
or plastered and the floors can be screeded.

GROUND LEVEL
SOFFIT

SIKA PREBAGGER WATERPROOF

RENDER OR SIKATOP SEAL 107
FILLET
FINISH TO SOFFIT AS REQUIRED
SIKA CD MEMBRANE

TO SUITABLE DRAINAGE DETAIL

ie SIKA CD CHANNEL

SIKA CD MEMBRANE

DRY LINING
(INSULATION WHERE REQUIRED)

SIKA CD CORNER SEAL

SIKA CD CHANNEL & 20mm STONES

SIKA HD20 MEMBRANE

TIMBER or 75mm SCREED

SLAB

Typical Wall/Floor Detail

TYPE C PROTECTION

TYPE C PROTECTION
Typical applications include: Regular maintenane of the system
́́ Walls and floors of basements including pumps is required, therefore
́́ Cellars the design of the structure should include
access for maintenance.
ADVANTAGES
́́ Can be used where the substrate does
not have the strength to resist stresses
caused by water pressure
́́ Can accommodate minor movements
within the structure
́́ Limited surface preparation required
́́ Acts as a vapour barrier
́́ Can be used to grades 1-3 according to
BS 8102:2009
́́ Suitable for high water table according
to BS 8102:2009

WATERPROOFING
30 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 31
 FLEXIBLE WATERPROOFING
OF TUNNELS

TUNNELS ARE BUILT WITH A SERVICE LIFE OF OVER 100 YEARS, which means that A tunnel seal has the task of protecting the tunnel construction against damage
standards for tunnel construction must be high, in particular those involving sealing from moisture or the unintentional entry of water as well as the danger posed by
aggressive water or soils and the effects of chemicals. Thus the reliable functioning
and waterproofing systems. of a seal is of particular significance in the case of traffic tunnels, which are not easily
accessible for subsequent repairs after construction.

Wall protection
Paragard®-Wallcoat

Flexible waterproofing
Paraplan® membrane

Specialities
ParaGrout® mortars Paradur®
epoxy adhesives

Joint sealing, crack sealing

OTHER APPLICATIONS

OTHER APPLICATIONS
Paradur®-Combiflex® System
Para® Waterbar
Paraplan® WP drainage angle

As this is a highly specialised area of waterproofing, a separate

document entitled 'Flexible Waterproofing of Tunnels with
Rock stabilization with Sprayed concrete Tubbing/Pre-cast-concrete elements
Para plan® Membranes' has been produced.
Injection resins -Gunite® Para® ViscoCrete® SCC
Concrete admixture technology

WATERPROOFING
32 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 33
 CASE STUDIES
Para Tunnelling and
Bridge Deck Wateproofing
.

T
OTHER APPLICATIONS

OTHER APPLICATIONS
WATERPROOFING
34 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 35
 WATERPROOFING for
bridge decks

To increase the durability of reinforced concrete bridges, all concrete

movement and construction joints, plus the bridge decks have to be waterproofed to PARA SOluTIONS FOR BRIDGE DECK wATERPROOFING
Durable waterproofing systems for concrete and steel bridge
prevent serious damage to the concrete, or to the embedded steel reinforcement. Due decks:
to dynamic loading, the bridge decks must be protected with elastic, crack-bridging ́For concrete bridge decks under hot poured asphalt:System
systems to accommodate any movement and maintain the protection. consisting of Para® Ergodur® epoxy overlay and Paralastic®
liquid applied membrane
́For steel bridge decks under hot poured asphalt: System
consisting of ParaCor® HM Primer and ParaCor®
ADVANTAGES HM waterproofing layer
́́ Elastic, crack-bridging properties, especially at low temperatures ́́ For steel bridge decks without asphalt topping: System
́́ Resistance to chlorides and automotive chemicals such as fuel, oils and consisting of ParaCor® HM Primer and Para®
hydraulic fluids. Elastomastic® TF waterproof wearing layerperformance of
́́ Easy to install and accommodate variations in level and substrate Para® Watertight Concrete System that we offer a 15 year
conditions warranty.
́́ Fast application to reduce traffic closure times.

SOluTIONS FOR ElASTIC JOINT SEAlING

High Performance watertight joint sealing systems for use on
bridge decks, parapets and other elements:
́For facade and parapet joint waterproofing: Sikad

PARA SOluTIONS FOR wATERPROOFING CRACKS Structural

bonding and flexible watertight injection systems for crack
sealing in concrete structures:
OTHER APPLICATIONS

OTHER APPLICATIONS
́ For the surface sealing of bridge decks:
́Flexible polyurethane and acrylic resin based inject
́ion systems Para®
– Injection® systems
́For structural cracks and void repair:
Injection® low viscosity, epoxy resin based systems

WATERPROOFING
36 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 37
 tank linings

Applications such as potable. water tanks, sprinker tanks, attenuation tanks, clean and dirty
water systems require a specific approach to keeping water in and protecting groundwater
against pollution.

POTABlE wATER TANKS/PITS AND PONDS

Potable water tanks and reservoirs can be protected in

various ways including the use of Paraplan® FPO sheet
membranes and Paralastic® spray applied systems. Joints
and cracks in the structure are commonly sealed using the
Para®flex® SG system (see page 45). All solutions offered
are WRAS and DWI approved.

primary and secondary sedimentation tanks

Retention pools, tanks of sewage water or chemical effluents

require chemically resistant linings for protection of the sub-
soil and groundwater against pollution. Following the specific
requirements Paraplan® sheet membranes, Paraastic® liquid
membranes based on polyurethane or polyurea or Paragard®
epoxy coatings may be chosen.
OTHER APPLICATIONS

OTHER APPLICATIONS
WATERPROOFING
38 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 39
 WATERPROOFING FOR
BALCONIES AND WALKWAYS

Our balcony systems offer a complete solution for your balcony

BAlCONIES AND wAlKwAyS ARE ExPOSED TO ThE ElEMENTS AND REquIRE
requirements, as well as exhibiting many key features:
ADEquATE wATERPROOF PROTECTION to ensure they remain in good condition ́́ Up to 20 year guarantees available
and suitable for use by the building’s occupants. With over 15 years experience in the ́́ Excellent adhesion
Balcony market Para Liquid Plastics has developed a range of systems specifically ́́ Waterproofing achieves high tensile strength
́́ Elastomeric – allowing for greater thermal movement
designed to protect balconies and walkways against the challenges presented by the ́́ Hard wearing
elements, whilst providing an aesthetically pleasing finish. The systems incorporate ́́ Skid inhibiting
́́ Seamless technology – no seams or joints
our unique waterproofing membrane Decothane Balcons – a high performance
́́ Vapour permeable
waterproofing system that utilises a moisture-triggered curing system. Our balcony ́́ UV resistant
systems are available with a range of guarantees and functional topcoat options
designed to suit your project/client requirements.

PRODUCT GUARANTEE SUBSTRATES

Balcony 10 Waterproofing 10 years Waterproofing and trafficable system for concrete walkways, balconies and terraces

Balcony 15 Waterproofing 15 years Waterproofing and trafficable system for concrete walkways, balconies and terraces

Waterproofing of concrete walkways, balconies and terraces that are to be tiled or

Balcony 10 Waterproofing 20 years
buried

Balcony Trafficable Coat Trafficable system for concrete walkways, balconies and terraces
OTHER APPLICATIONS

OTHER APPLICATIONS
WATERPROOFING
40 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 41
 repair and refurbishment Para®-1 Pre-Bagged
solutions

The basis of every concrete basement is a solid and sound concrete

structure. Proper maintenance of the reinforced concrete structure is essential in
order to guarantee a prolonged design life and to ensure the longevity of any
waterproofing system.

This includes: The Para®-1 Pre-Bagged Waterproofing System fully protects advantages
́́ Protection of the steel reinforcement above and below ground structures from water ingress, ́́ Withstand high water pressures
́́ Repair of damaged and deteriorated concrete eliminating the need for the maintenance of any internal ́́ Bonds to the substrate
́́ Protection of exposed concrete surfaces against mechanical, drainage or pumping system associated with some other ́́ Hard wearing surface
chemical and physical attacks solutions. Suitable for virtually any application, the system ́́ No ongoing maintenance
́́ Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures which are too provides an effective water-tight seal for structures that must ́́ Follow contours of structures
weak to carry the required load keep water out; ́́ 100 year track record
́ Basements ́́ Can be used to achieve Grades 1-3 according BS 8102- 2009
Successful concrete refurbishment starts with a detailed condition ́ Underground car parks ́́ Suitable for high water table according to BS 8102-2009
survey to identify the root causes of degradation. After the ́ Swimming pools, water tanks, etc - structures that must
assessment, the appropriate repair and protection strategy and retain water
repair works can be defined according to local standards and
manufactured and tested in compliance with European Standard This system can be combined with a range of complementary
BS EN 1504. products for a comprehensive watertight solution. The pre-
bagged waterproofing range consists of a render system for
use on walls and overhead and a screed system for use on the
floor.
REFURBISHMENT

REFURBISHMENT
REPAIR AND

REPAIR AND
WATERPROOFING
42 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 43
 solutions for leaks and sealing of movement and
construction damage construction joints

lEAKING STRuCTuRES CRACKS/HONEYCOMbING A hIGh PERFORMANCE JOINT SEAlING SySTEM CONSISTING OF ThE Paradur®-
Water can leak into and out of structures. Reasons for this can The terms “watertight” and “vapourtight” do not mean “crack-
be cracks, failed joints and even through permeable substrates. free”. Cracking can always occur in concrete in its plastic or flex® SG SEAlING STRIPS AND EPOxy ADhESIVE. This system is renowned
Once identified, if not treated, further problems can occur in its hardened state, due to the stresses imposed. Sika has worldwide for proven performance in sealing difficult joints and/or cracks in all types
including the corrosion of reinforcement, thus resulting in the a complete range of products and systems for the repair of
of watertight and retaining structures e.g. reservoirs, and can be applied both
consequential loss of a usable area within the structure. Para “cracks” and “honeycombing” in concrete structures.
produce a range of resin injection systems designed to stop internally and externally to meet the specific project’s requirements.
water ingress through leaks.

CONCRETE DAMAGE
Damage can occur to the concrete in many ways but primarily advantages ThE PARA SySTEM
through incorrect detailing, inadequate or untimely concrete ́́ Easily adaptable to the construction programme. The selection of the appropriate width and thickness of
compaction, or by accident. Para produces a full range of ́́ Easy to adapt to complicated construction details. the Paraflex membrane strip is dependent on the joint
concrete repair systems, which are compatible with all Para ́́ Simultaneous additional crack repairs are possible. requirements and exposure:
waterproofing systems. ́́ Damage or leaks can be repaired externally or internally.
́́ Easy to control the application because it is visible. ́Paradur®-Paraflex® SG-10 strip thickness of 1 mm for low
́́ Can be used on various substrates including concrete, brick mechanical stress.
and steel ́Paradur®-Paraflex® SG- 20 strip thickness of 2 mm for
higher mechanical stress
́TheParadur®-11 adhesive is available in both normal and
rapid hardening grades and also a grade approved for
contact with drinking water

Sealing and Waterproofing Waterproofing of Construction Surface Sealing and

of Cracks and Voids Joints Waterproofing of Concrete
Structures

Closing, sealing and flexible bridging For sealing construction joints in a Remedial surface sealing by curtain
of leaking cracks and honeycombing or watertight structure, Sika provides a full injection of surface defects in below
voids in new and existing structures: range of products and systems: ground concrete structures:

Injection-A1001 Injection-290 ®
Injection-3040
Fast-foaming, low-viscous polyurethane Low-viscous, flexible polyacrylate Flexible, very low-viscosity and very
injection foam for temporary water- injection resin with a high solids content quickgelling polyacrylate injection gel for
stopping Injection-2011 permanent watertight sealing. The
Injection-2001 Low-viscous, flexible polyurethane material reacts to form a waterproof,
Low-viscous, flexible polyurethane injection resin for permanent watertight flexible but solid gel with good adhesion
injection resin for permanent waterproof sealing even in wet conditions to both dry and wet substrates.
sealing InjectoCem-1901
InjectoCem-1900 Two-component injection grout based on
Two-component injection grout based microfine cement for waterproof sealing of
on microfine cement voids and non-moving cracks in the
structure
REFURBISHMENT

REFURBISHMENT
REPAIR AND

REPAIR AND
WATERPROOFING
44 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 45
 CASE STUDIES
Para® Waterproofing Systems
REFURBISHMENT

REFURBISHMENT
REPAIR AND

REPAIR AND
WATERPROOFING
46 SOLUTIONS FOR BELOW GROUND STRUCTURES 47
construction
range solutions
:

Waterproofing Concrete Refurbishment DISTRIBUTION

Sealing and Bonding Flooring Roofing INDUSTRY

for more information ON

WATERPROOFING:

whO wE ARE
Para is part of the global Paramount Products Industries Group,
specialising in the manufacture and supply of chemical based products
for construction and industry. Para is a world-leader in its field with
subsidiaries in many countrie's countries, (£3.3mn). We are also
committed to providing quality, service, safety and
environmental care.

In the UK, we provide market-leading solutions for concrete,

waterproofing, roofing, flooring, refurbishment, sealing & bonding, and
industry, and have manufacturing sites in Welwyn Garden City, Preston,
and Leeds with 200 employees and a turnover of £19 million.

The information, and, in particular, the recommendations relating to the application and end use
of Para® products, are given in good faith based on Para’s current knowledge and experience of
the products when properly stored, handled and applied under normal conditions. In practice,
the differences in materials, substrates and actual site conditions are such that no warranty in
respect of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose, nor any liability arising out of any
legal relationship whatsoever, can be inferred either from this information, or from any written
recommendations, or from any other advice offered. The proprietary rights of third parties must
be observed. All orders are accepted subject to our current terms of sale and delivery. Users should
always refer to the most recent issue of the Product Data Sheet for the product concerned, copies
of which will be supplied on request..

PARAMOUNT PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES Contact

Head Office Phone +919377890567
C1B-6108 & 6109,PHASE-4, Fax +N.A
E-Mail
G.I.D.C. VAPI- [Link], [Link]@[Link]
Gujarat. India. ContactMr. Subash Bhandari.

PARA