Numerical

Methods
Lecture-6
[MA-200]
ARISHA ALI
 Regula Falsi Method
▪Regula Falsi method is also known as False Position Method or Method of False
Position.
▪If 𝑥𝑛−1 and 𝑥𝑛 are the two approximations to roots 𝛼 of nonlinear equation
𝑓 𝑥 = 0 then 𝑥𝑛+1 approximation is given by
𝑥𝑛−1 𝑓 𝑥𝑛 −𝑥𝑛 𝑓(𝑥𝑛−1 )
𝑥𝑛+1 =
𝑓(𝑥𝑛) −𝑓(𝑥𝑛−1 )

ARISHA ALI 2
 Graphical
Representation

ARISHA ALI 3
 Working Rule
▪Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 0 be the given equation
▪Find 𝑥0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥1 such that 𝑓 𝑥0 < 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 𝑥1 > 0 (𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥0 )𝑓(𝑥1 ) < 0)
▪Find first approximate root by
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 − 𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑥2 =
𝑓(𝑥1 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )
Find 𝑓(𝑥2 ) and examine its sign
▪ If 𝑓 𝑥2 < 0, then replace 𝑥0 = 𝑥2
▪ If 𝑓 𝑥2 > 0, then replace 𝑥1 = 𝑥2

ARISHA ALI 4
 Cont…
▪ Find second approximate root by
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 − 𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑥2 =
𝑓(𝑥1 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )
Find 𝑓(𝑥2 ) and examine its sign
Repeat step 3 until the required accuracy.

ARISHA ALI 5
 Example 1
Solve the equation 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 by regula falsi method correct up to 4 decimal
places.
Solution:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 0
To find 𝑥0 and 𝑥1 :
𝑓 0 = −1 < 0
𝑓 1 = 2.177979 > 0
𝑓 0.5 = −0.053221 < 0
𝑓 0.6 = 0.267935 > 0

ARISHA ALI 6
 Cont…
Choosing 𝑥0 = 0.5 and 𝑥1 = 0.6
𝑓 𝑥0 = −0.053221 𝑓 𝑥1 = 0.267935
1st Iteration:
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0.5 0.267935 −0.6(−0.053221)
𝑥2 = = = 0.516571
𝑓(𝑥1 )−𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0.267935+0.053221

𝑓 𝑥2 = 0.516571𝑒 0.516571 − cos 0.516571 = −0.003605 < 0

Since 𝑓 𝑥2 < 0 so choosing 𝑥0 = 0.516571 and 𝑥1 = 0.6
𝑓 𝑥0 = −0.003605 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 𝑥1 = 0.267935
ARISHA ALI 7
 Cont…
2nd Iteration:
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0.516571 0.267935 −0.6(−0.003605)
𝑥2 = = = 0.517678
𝑓(𝑥1 )−𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0.267935+0.003605

𝑓 𝑥2 = −0.000241 < 0
Since 𝑓 𝑥2 < 0 so choosing 𝑥0 = 0.517678 and 𝑥1 = 0.6
𝑓 𝑥0 = −0.000241 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 𝑥1 = 0.267935

ARISHA ALI 8
 Cont…
3rd Iteration:
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0.517678 0.267935 −0.6(−0.000241)
𝑥2 = = = 0.517751
𝑓(𝑥1 )−𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0.267935+0.000241

𝑓 𝑥2 = −0.000019 < 0
Since 𝑓 𝑥2 < 0 so choosing 𝑥0 = 0.517751 and 𝑥1 = 0.6
𝑓 𝑥0 = −0.000019 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 𝑥1 = 0.267935

ARISHA ALI 9
 Cont…
4th Iteration:
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 −𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0.517751 0.267935 −0.6(−0.000019)
𝑥2 = = = 0.517756
𝑓(𝑥1 )−𝑓(𝑥0 ) 0.267935+0.000019

Hence the approximate root of equation correct up to 4 decimal places is

𝑥 = 0.5177

ARISHA ALI 10
 Example 2
Find the real root of equation 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 − 9 by regula falsi method correct up to 4
decimal places.
Solution:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 − 9 = 0
To find 𝑥0 and 𝑥1 :
𝑓 0 = −9 < 0
𝑓 1 = −12 < 0
𝑓 2 = −9 < 0
𝑓 3 =6>0
𝑓 2.6 = −1.824 < 0

ARISHA ALI 11
 Cont…
𝑓 2.7 = −0.117 < 0
𝑓 2.8 = 1.752 > 0
Choosing 𝑥0 = 2.7 and 𝑥1 = 2.8
𝑓 𝑥0 = −0.117 and 𝑓 𝑥1 = 1.752
1st Iteration:
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 − 𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 2.7 1.752 − 2.8(−0.117)
𝑥2 = = = 2.706260
𝑓(𝑥1 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 1.752 + 0.117
𝑓 𝑥2 = −0.004816 < 0

ARISHA ALI 12
 Cont…
Choosing 𝑥0 = 2.706260 and 𝑥1 = 2.8
𝑓 𝑥0 = −0.004816 and 𝑓 𝑥1 = 1.752
2nd Iteration:
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 − 𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 2.706260 1.752 − 2.8(−0.004816)
𝑥2 = = = 2.706516
𝑓(𝑥1 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 1.752 + 0.004816
𝑓 𝑥2 = −0.000214 < 0
Choosing 𝑥0 = 2.706516 and 𝑥1 = 2.8
𝑓 𝑥0 = −0.000214 and 𝑓 𝑥1 = 1.752

ARISHA ALI 13
 Cont…
3rd Iteration:
𝑥0 𝑓 𝑥1 − 𝑥1 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 2.706516 1.752 − 2.8(−0.000214)
𝑥2 = = = 2.706527
𝑓(𝑥1 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 1.752 + 0.000214
Hence the approximate root correct up to 4 decimal place is 𝑥 = 2.7065

ARISHA ALI 14
 Order/Rate of Convergence

The order of convergence of Regula Falsi Method is 1.618

ARISHA ALI 15
 Advantages

▪It does not require the derivative calculation.

▪It always converges
▪It is a quick method

ARISHA ALI 16
 Disadvantages
▪Sometimes the method slow down
▪It can’t predict number of iterations to reach a given precision
▪It can be less precise than bisection, no strict precision guarantee.

ARISHA ALI 17
 Homework

Exercise: 2.3
Q3(b, c), Q4(b), Q9, Q10, Q13(a), Q14(b)

ARISHA ALI 18