Bio - Battery

[Link]

A Bio Battery is an energy storing device that is

powered by organic compounds. Bio-Battery generates
electricity from renewable fuels (glucose, sucrose,
fructose, etc) providing a sustained, on-demand portable
power source. When enzymes in our bodies break down
glucose, several electrons and protons are released.
Therefore, by using enzymes to break down glucose, bio-
batteries directly receive energy from glucose. These
batteries then store this energy for later use. This concept
is almost identical to how both plants and many animals
obtain energy. Bio battery use biocatalyst, either
biomolecules such as enzymes or even whole living
organism to catalyze oxidation of bio mass-based
materials for generating electrical energy.

Fig: A Bio Battery

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Bio Battery can be called as energy accumulated

device that is motorized by organic compounds, usually
being glucose, like glucose in human blood. Many
electrons and protons are released due to break down of
glucose by enzymes present in our body. Thus, bio
batteries directly get energy from glucose by using
enzymes present in a human body break down glucose.
An interesting fact is that bacteria can generate electricity
when a protein in their cell membranes gets in touch with
a mineral surface. Shewanella oneidensis is marine
bacteria that can develop electric currents when bared to
heavy metals like iron and manganese. These proteins
can transmit electrons transversely a membrane at a rate
faster enough so that the energy produced is sufficient so
that bacteria can survive. Functioning of these bacteria will
help scientists in making those bio batteries that could
store energy for sensors in remote environment.

Human blood and sugar glucose are considered as

most priceless sources of power because they happen
naturally, are easy to get and no harmful emissions are
reproduced. Another interesting battery uses human urine
as its fuel. The size of the device is like a credit card size
and might form the source of economical, disposable
disease testing kits.

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[Link] OF BIO BATTERY

There are two types of Bio Batteries

 PASSIVE TYPE SYSTEM :-

In passive type system reactive substances are
absorbed in to the electrodes through a process of
natural diffusion.

 ACTIVE TYPE SYSTEM :-

In active type system the reactive substance are
introduced by force by technique as string,
convection.

Bio batteries work similarly to the metabolic process

in our bodies, or more specifically the metabolic
processes in ruminants and termites that have the
ability to digest cellulose. Enzymes break down
cellulose into glucose, a central energy source in
both animal and plant metabolism and a clean
energy source while bio-battery is more
environmentally friendly to recycle than metal-based
batteries as it creates its own energy from the
cellulose found in cardboard and paper.

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[Link] OF BIO BATTERY :-

Like a conventional fuel cell battery, Bio Battery
basically consists of an anode, cathode, electrolyte and
separator. However, Bio Battery has certain specific
characteristics. First, biological enzymes are used as
catalysts for the anode and cathode. Second, enzymes
and electronic mediators (which transfer electrons
between enzymes, and between enzymes and electrodes)
are fixed on the anode and cathode.

Fig: Elements of a Bio Battery

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[Link] PROCESS :-
A Bio-Battery battery consists of two different metals
suspended in an acidic solution. They contain an anode,
cathode, separator and electrolyte, which are the basic
components to any cell battery. Each component is
layered on top of another component. Anodes and
cathodes are the negative and positive areas on a battery.
The anode is located at the top of the battery and the
cathode is located at the bottom of the battery.[Anodes
are components that allow electrons to flow in from
outside the battery, whereas cathodes are devices that
allow current to flow out from the battery.

Between the anode and the cathode lies the

electrolyte which contains a separator. The main function
of the separator is to keep the cathode and anode
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separated, to avoid electrical short circuits. This system as

a whole allows for a flow of protons (H+) and electrons (e-)
which ultimately generate electricity. The movement of
protons has a moving force that pushes, this movement is
called current. When this moving force (current) is
measured, it is measured it what is called voltage or volts.
Glucose is broken down on the anode side of the
battery, producing protons (H+) and electrons (e-). The
protons (H+) are transferred to the cathode side through
the separator, while the electrons (e-) are transported to
the cathode side through the mediator, which transfers
them to the external circuit. The cathode uses the
enzymes to drive an oxygen-reduction reaction which
ultimately produces water using both the protons (H+) and
the electrons (e-) transferred from the anode. These
reactions at the anode and cathode generate electric
energy by creating proton (H+) and electron (e-) flow in
the cell system.
Bio batteries are heavily based on the amount of
glucose available. The decomposition of materials to
glucose (if they are not already in the proper stage) is the
main step in getting the cycle started. Materials can be
converted into glucose through the process of enzymatic
hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the process in which

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cellulose (an insoluble substance) is converted to glucose

with the addition of enzymes.
[Link] :-
 A significant advantage that bio-batteries have in
comparison to other batteries is their ability to allow
an instant recharge. In other words through a
constant supply of sugar, or glucose, bio batteries
are able to continuously keep themselves charged
without an external power supply with high fuel
flexibility like sugar, alcohol, diesel, ethanol, etc.
 Other advantages include high energy density, Size /
weight, instant recharge, flexible shape, renewable
biocatalysts, room temperature operation, readily
available fuel source. It can be an implantable power
source with flexible paper based prototypes.
 Bio batteries are also a source of non-flammable,
and non-toxic fuel. This provides a clean alternative
renewable power source.

[Link] :-
 Compared to conventional batteries, such as lithium
batteries, bio batteries are less likely to retain their
most of the energy.

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Bio - Battery

 This causes a problem when it comes to long term

usage and storage of energy for these batteries.

[Link] :-
 Portable Charging.
 Replacing Batteries.
 Paper bio battery could be used to power medical
devices like hearing aid & pacemakers.
 Sony used its sugar bio battery to power music play
back on a memory type walkman.
 Using a miniature bio battery enabled to test the
blood insulin level of diabetic patient.

[Link] SCOPE :-
Bio Battery has great potential as a next-generation
energy device. Advantages include its excellent harmony
with the environment as a product fueled by a
carbohydrate (glucose) having high energy density. Sony
will continue to work toward the commercialization of this
technology in the near future, initially for use in toys and
other low-power products.
Bio-batteries have a very bright future ahead of them
as test productions and research have been increasing
over recent years. They serve as a new form of energy
that is proving to be environmental friendly, as well as

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successful, in producing and reserving energy. Fully

integrated demonstrations are to be executed in close
collaboration with customer, for relevant applications.
[Link] :-

The Bio batteries are High performing, stable, and

reproducible enzymatic fuel cell technology developed
over last 5 years.

While many exciting announcements have been

made in the field of bio-batteries, it may be some time
before we see them replacing nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion
or the several other types of traditional batteries. Even so,
the small, flexible, long lasting and environmentally
friendly battery technologies discussed here show the
great possibilities researchers see in bio-batteries,
especially for the field of medicine. The technology
generates electricity by turning shredded paper into sugar
which in turn is used as fuel. If brought to market, their
mobile devices using waste material.

Compared to conventional batteries, such as lithium

batteries, bio-batteries are less likely to retain most of their
energy. This causes a problem when it comes to long term
usage and storage of energy for these batteries. However,

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researchers are continuing to develop the battery in order

to make it a more practical replacement for current
batteries and sources of energy.
The bio-batteries are environmentally friendly as they
did not use harmful chemicals or metals. With that in mind,
scientists seem to be exploring every possible option in
bio-battery and fuel-cell technology.

They serve as a new form of energy that is proving to

be environmentally friendly, as well as successful, in
producing and reserving energy. Although the batteries
are still being tested before being commercially sold,
several research teams and engineers are working to
further advance the development of these batteries.

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10. REFERENCES :-
 [Link]
 [Link]
 [Link]

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