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Science 11
Quarter 3, Week 5 - Module 4
Factors That Affect Climate

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3, Week 5 - Module 4: Factors That Affect Climate
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Iligan City

Schools Division Superintendent: Roy AngeloL. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Evelyn P. Waperi , Jellieta L. Clordealta
Reviewers: Julieta Abrinica
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Jellieta L. Clordealta
Management Team
Chairperson: Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

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Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Members Henry B. Abueva OIC-CID Chief

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Meriam S. Otarra, PDO II
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Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
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 Science 9
Quarter 3, Wk.5 - Module 4
Factors That Affect Climate

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by select teachers, school heads, Education Program Supervisor in Science
of the Department of Education- Division of Iligan City. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education-Iligan City
Division at iligan city @ [Link].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About........................................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know...................................................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module.................................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module.....................................................................................................................................ii

What I Know..................................................................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1: Climate and Weather

What I Need to Know......................................................................................................1
What’s In …………………………………………………………………..……..1
What’s New........................................................................................................................2
What Is It.............................................................................................................................4
What’s More......................................................................................................................4
What I Have Learned ....................................................................................................5
What I Can Do..................................................................................................................7

Lesson 2: Factors Affecting Climate of an Area

What I Need to Know......................................................................................................8
What’s In …………………………………………………………………..……..8
What’s New ....................................................................................................................9
What Is It.............................................................................................................................11
What’s More .....................................................................................................................12
What Is It …………………………………………………………………………13
What I Have Learned......................................................................................................14
What I Can Do..................................................................................................................15

Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………..16
Assessment:(Post-Test)…………………………………………………………………………..17
Key Answer ………………………………………………………………………………………...19
References …………………………………………………………………………………………23
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
What are the things you usually consider whenever you plan to have an
outing with family or your friends? Or your outfit for today? Most probably, you will
consider the time, place, and most of all, the weather or climate. Weather or climate
affects your day-to-day activities.

In your previous module, you had encountered the different types of volcano
and volcanic eruptions. You were able to explain what happened when volcanoes
erupt. Lastly, you were able to Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped
for human use
.
In this module, you will be able to define climate and weather. And how
climate differs from weather. It also explains, why climate of one country differs from
the other. You will enumerate the factors affecting the climate of one country and
explain how different factors affect the climate of an area differs from that of others.

At the end of this module, you are expected to answer the following
questions:

Is there a difference between weather and climate? What causes climate?

How latitude, altitude, ocean currents/bodies of water, amount of rainfall, and wind
system of the world affect climate? What is the impact of climate on people’s life?

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you learned the factors that
affect Climate (latitude, altitude, ocean currents/bodies of water, amount of rainfall,
and wind system of the world). The scope of this module permitted to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognized the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons were arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook or learning manual you were now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 –Climate and Weather

 Lesson 2 – Factors affecting Climate of an area

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define climate and weather.

2. Identify the elements that affect weather and climate.

3. Differentiate climate from weather.

4. Determine the factors affecting climate of a place.

5. Explain how factors affect climate.

6. Explain what is the impact of climate on people’s life?
i
How to Learn from This Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises accurately.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

ii

What I Know (Pre-test)

Multiple Choice. Choice the letter of the correct answer and write your answer on
your notebook.

_____ 1. What is known as the weather condition over a long period of time?
A. Elevation C. Climate
B. Precipitation D. Temperature
_____ 2. Wind can be described as ________.
A. Moving water C. moving clouds
B. Moving air D. Moving light
_____ 3. What is the difference between weather andclimate?
A. Climate deals with a longer time period than a weather.
B. Weather describes wind direction and climate doesn’t.
C. Climate describes wind direction and weather doesn’t.
D. Climate deals with a shorter time of period than a weather.
_____ 4. Climate is the average weather condition recorded over a span of___.
A. months B. years C. weeks D. days
_____5. Climate and weather are different concepts, though they are related. How are the
concepts of weather and climate differ?
A. Weather refers to conditions nearer the ground than climate.
B. Climate is related to the amount of sunlight, weather is not;
C. Weather condition includes precipitation, but climate does not.
D. Climate covers larger areas at alonger times while weather covers
small areas at a shorter time.
_____ 6. What is the relationship between elevation and climate?
A. The higher the elevation, the colder the climate
B. The lower the elevation, the colder the climate
C. The higher the elevation, the warmer the climate
D. There is no relationship between elevation and climate
____ 7. Why do places at the same latitude but different altitudes have different climate?
A. Amount of heat received varies. C. Higher altitudes have lower
temperature.
B. Amount of precipitation differs. D. Higher altitudes have higher
temperature.
___ 8. Which of the following decreases as elevation increases?
A. Cloud B. Latitude C. precipitation D. Temperature
___ 9. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases?
A. It remains the sameB. Itincreases C. [Link] varies
___10. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles?
A. Great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
B. Great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
C. Less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
D. Less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
___11. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal?
A. Clouds form. . C. The humidity

B. The dew point is reached increases. D. Precipitation occurs.

___12. Why do mountain climbers bring thick jackets when they go up the mountain?
A. The temperature increases as the altitude increases.
B. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
C. The altitude increases as the temperature increases.
D. The altitude decreases as the temperature increases
___13. What is the relationship between elevation and climate?
A. The higher the elevation, the colder the climate.
B. The lower the elevation, the colder the climate.
C. The higher the elevation, the warmer the climate.
D. There is no relationship between elevation and climate
____14. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and has a moderateclimate . It is located
near
the equator. What will most likely affect the climate of the city?
A. latitude C. topography
B. altitude D. all of these
_____15. What is the primary cause of ocean surface currents?
A. Ships B. Rain C. Wind D. Migrating fish
iv
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Lesson
Weather and Climate
1
What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, you will learn to
1. define weather and climate
2. identify the elements that affect weather and climate.
[Link] from climate.

What’s In

Our environment is composed of land, water, and air. Air is found in the
atmosphere. The ever-changing conditions of the atmosphere explain theimportance
of weather and climate in our lives. Recall the layers of the atmosphere before
knowing the elements of atmosphere that affect weather and climate. Do the
following activity.

Activity 1. Atmosphere
Unscramble the words below which are related to the atmosphere. Write your
answer in the blank.
WORD BOX

ATMOSPHERE MESOSPHERE TROSPOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE

CLIMATE PRESSURE STRATOSPHERE EXOSPHERE
WEATHER TEMPERATURE

[Link] _____________ 6. treepTmeuar ______________

2. rerhTspeoo _____________ 7. heSrratespot ______________
3. tmiClea _____________ [Link] ______________
4. aWerteh _____________ [Link] ______________
5. prEehoxes _____________ [Link] ______________
To answer item numbers 11-20, refer to the above activity. CHOOSE your
answers
from the words previously formed:
11.__________________ Mixture of gases that surrounds our home planet.
12. __________________ Measures how heavy the air is over a unit of area.
13. __________________ Measures how hot or cold the air
14. __________________ Average weather pattern
15. __________________ Present atmospheric condition of a place
16. __________________ Lowest layer of the atmosphere
17. __________________ Upper limit of the atmosphere
18. __________________ Meteors burn up in this layer
19. __________________ Ozone layer is found
20. _________________ Auroras or satellites occur in this layer

Earth’s atmosphere is made up of several gases, small amounts of water

vapor, ozone, dust, which play key roles in the production of weather and
[Link] changes inweather happen in the lowest part of earth’s atmosphere,
the troposphere.
You are now ready to learn more on weather and climate.

Activity 2. What’s the Weather Like

Arianne and Jack are going on a holiday and need to know the weather. Help them complete
the word with the missing letters in each box. Then, draw and color the weather suggested in
the box.
#1 # 2 #3 #4

__TO __ MY W_ _ ND__ CL__ _ D _ _ __A_ __ y

#5 #6 #7
#8

S__ N__ Y P_R_ _Y S _NN _ P_RTL_ C_OU_ _

TH_N_ _RST_ _MS

WEATHER LISTS
CLOUDY PARTLY SUNNY SUNNY STORMY THUNDERSTORM
SUNNY PARTLY CLOUDY RAINY WINDY

Basically,
weather describes the condition in the atmosphere any time of the day. Today
maybe warm and sunny, tomorrow maybe cool and [Link],the weather over
a long period of time in a specific area is known climate.
Did you get the right answer?

Whats New

The weather condition is affected by the different elements that changethe

atmosphere. It refers to the clouds, wind, temperature, pressure, humidity,
precipitation, sunshine, and visibility. Climate and weather are different concepts,
though they are related.
Do the following activity to identify the elements that affect weather and
climate.

Activity 3: Weather and Climate

On this activity, you are goingto identify the element that affects weather and
climate.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
10 13 7 26 22 1 6 20 12 14 19 5 15
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
3 23 24 11 18 21 9 4 16 17 8 25 2

Hint: Use the given numbers to represent the words below

1)Example
CL O U D S
7 5 23 4 26 21

2) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

17 12 3 26 25

3) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

20 4 15 12 26 12 9 25

4) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
9 22 15 24 22 18 10 9 4 18 22

5) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
10 12 18 24 18 22 21 21 4 18 22

6) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

21 4 3 21 20 12 3 22

7) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
___ __
24 18 22 7 12 24 12 9 10 9 12 13
3

8) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __

16 12 21 12 13 12 5 12 9 25

These are thedifferent elements of weather that interactwith each other to

create the weather events.
The next activity will show the difference between weather and climate.

Activity 4: Weather weatherlang

To understand the differences between weather and climate, do this activity.

The terms found inside the word may describe climate and weather. Place the term
that fall under weather and climate respectively. If the term can describe both
weather and climate, PUT it at the center of the Venn diagram.

VENN DIAGRAM
WEATHER CLIMATE
 WORD BOX

Predictable Unpredictable Average Climatology

Metereology Precipitation Temperature Rainfall

Humidity Wind Direction/Speed Clouds

Pressure Evaporation Daily Short term

Long term Seasons yearly observed over time

Both

What Is It
Take a look outside your window, is it rainy or sunny? is it cloudy or hot?
When you look out the window, you’re seeing what is the weather today. Climate, on
the other hand, is more than just warm or cool days. Climate describes the typical
weather conditions in an entire region for a very long time. The following are
elements of the atmosphere that might affect weather and climate:

1. Air temperature is the measure on how hot or cold the air is. At high
temperature, the molecules in the air move faster and water evaporates faster.
2. Air pressure is the measure on how heavy the air is over a unit of area.
With higher air pressure, the weight of air above us becomes heavier. This indicates
fair weather. With lower pressure, the air molecules moves toward the atmosphere,
this signal a stormy weather.
3. Amount and type of precipitation forms of droplets of water (drizzle, shower,
downpour) or solidified water (snow, ice and hail).It is the condensation of water
vapor and its deposition on the earth’s surface.
4. Wind speed and direction. Wind is the uneven distribution of temperature
and pressure in the atmosphere. Air moves from an area of high pressure to that of
alow pressure. Wind that blows over bodies of water are cooler and moist, while
wind that travels over landmasses is warmer and dry.
5. Types of cloud. With very warm air temperature, water vapor condenses to
form clouds. The more evaporation takes place, the more saturated the clouds will
become and form rain clouds.
6. The amount of water vapor in the air is known as humidity. Dry air has low
humidity, while moist air has high humidity.

The presence of sunshine and the visibility you observe can tell the present
condition of weather. Being able to predict, or forecast the weather is indeed
important. If you know what kind of weather you will likely experience, you can
prepare for it. If you know that bad weather is coming, you can keep out of danger.
Weather is the current condition for a shorter period of time while climate is the
condition for a longer period of time. Why do we need to study climate?

What’s More

Philippine climate is generally hot and quite humid. The patterns of weather
during a specific part of the year affect the formation of seasons. Philippines
experiences three seasons, a hot dry summer, wet season and cooler and dry
season. Below is the figure of types of climate in the Philippines. To further study the
climate in the Philippines, answer the following questions on the Activity:

Activity 5: Knowing Me, Knowing You.

A. Answer the following questions based on the given map.
1. What is the type of climate along Cagayan, Palawan and Davao?
_______________;. _______________; _____________
2. Which part of the Philippines is frequently affected by rainfall

throughout the year? _____________________

B. Identify the type of climate of the following places:
1. CARAGA Region _________ 2. Leyte ________
3. Lanao del Norte ________ 4. Ilocos Sur ________

What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Long Term or Short Term

Direction: EXAMINE the pictures below. Write X under the column of Climate if it
shows climate, (a long – term atmospheric condition of a certain area. And write
⁄under the column Weather if it describes weather( a short term of atmospheric
condition of a certain area ( typically within a week or less). Write your reason/s why
in the column Reason/s.

Table 1
Picture CLIMATE WEATHER Reason/s
1. A windy weekend

2. Dark cloudy sky yesterday.

3. Thunderstorms during afternoon

4. Rainy days during the month of May

to July

5. El Niňo
6. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

7. La Niňa

8. Rain Forest

9. Sahara Desert (Nortern Africa)

Guide Questions:

1. What is Climate? _____________________________________________

2. What is Weather? ___________________________________________
3. The difference between climate and weather is that, Climate is the weather
patterns of a place over a _______ period of time while weather is the
condition of the atmosphere over a ____ period of time.

What I Can Do

Direction: Make a poem about weather. Follow the suggested steps below;

Title: “My Weather Poem”

 First line: Give at least four types of weather.

Second line: Three “ing” words you do during summer time.

Third line: Two adjectives that describe weather and climate.

Fourth line: Ask one question about weather and climate.

Last line: Two importance why you need to studyweather and climate.

Lesson Factors affecting

2 Climate of an Area
What I Need to Know

In this lesson you will be able to name the factors that affect the climate of a
place and explain how each factor affects the climate. Also, you will be able to
determine what is the impact of climate on people’s life.

What’s In
 In Grade 7, you had learned that the earth’s axis was not perpendicular to the
plane of its orbit. The shape of the earth resulted in the uneven heating of the earth’s
surface. The equator received much of the radiant energy released by the [Link],
places near the equator had warm climate. The areas closer to the poles received
less amount of heat because the angle of sunlight become smaller.
In activity 1, you will be acquainted on the terms that we will be studying in
this lesson.

Activity [Link] Puzzle

Complete the crossword puzzle by answering the questions below. Thenfind

your answers at the given word boxbelow.

Across Down

2. Dry air with less precipitation 1. force exerted by gas molecules

3. water carries warm or coldwater 4. height of something above sea
level
6. average atmospheric condition of a place 5. hotness or coldness of atmosphere
7. physical features of land 9. receives more precipitation
8. moisture content of the atmosphere 11. lines halfway between North and
South pole
[Link] lines that separateEast from West
[Link] atmospheric condition of a place
 Now, you have learned and got acquainted with the different terminologies
that you will encounter as you continue to learn this lesson.
In the next activity, you will find out the role of Latitude in varying the climate
of different places.

What’s New
Activity 2:When the Sun’s Rays come
Objective: At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:
1. Defines Latitude,
2. Explains how latitude affects climate. .
Procedure: Study the illustration on figure 2.
Figure 2. The Latitude

LATITUDE
Latitude means how far north or south of the equator a place is located.
Based on latitude, the climates of the world are classified into three types. They are
 the polar climate or frigid zone (at the North and South Poles),
 the temperate climateor Temperate zone (found in the areas
away from the equator) and
 the tropical climate or Torrid zone (at the equatorial belt where
Answer the following:
1. How much is the tilt of the earth’s axis? ________ (66.50 , 23.50 ).
2. Which part of the earth receives most of the sun’s rays? ______________
3. Why does the amount of heat receive by places far from the equator become less?
___________________
4. Why are the coldest places on earth found near the poles? __________
5. Why are places with high temperature found at the equator? __________
6. How does latitude affect climate? _______________

You noticed that as Earth is tilted on its axis an angle of 23.5 0. As the sun’s rays
strikes different part of the Earth receive different amount of solar radiation. Thus, the
climate of a place also affects the distance from the equator. At the poles, since energy from
the sun reaches Earth’s surface at lower angle and travels through a thicker layer of the
atmosphere than at the equator, it is expected that the climate is cooler.

Next activity, you will learn how ocean Currents/ bodies of water affects climate of an
area.

Activity 3Hot or Cold?

Objectives : At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:

1. Compares the climate of the places near and far from bodies of
Water,
2. Explains how ocean currents/bodies of water affects climate.

Ocean Currents/Bodies of Water

The nearness of a region to the sea also affects its climate. The main patterns of
ocean current result from the earth's rotation and the gravitational attraction among the
earth, moon and sun.
An ocean current is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a definite direction.
Some of these currents are caused by wind moving over the ocean surface. Some currents
are warm-water currents. Other currents are cold-water currents because they flow from the
poles toward the equator, thus making the bodies of water in this area cooler.
Figure 3. Ocean Currents of the World

Source: Science Learner’s Module [Link] of Education. 5th Floor Mabini Bldg., DepEd
Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City. Philippines 1600. 2014.

Figure 3 shows different loops or gyres of surface currents around the world. In the
northern part of the earth called the northern hemisphere, the current flows in a clockwise
direction. On the other hand, in the southern part called the southern hemisphere, the
current flows in counter clockwise direction. These clockwise and counter clockwise of
ocean currents are caused by the Coriolis Effect. Ocean currents that flow away from the
equator carries warm water. The air above the warm water has higher temperature.
When ocean currents that bring cold water move towards a coastal region, the
temperature of that area decreases as warmer air from the land flows to the sea resulting in
a cold climate. When warm ocean currents that take along warm water go to a land mass,
the temperature of that place increases as warmer air above the water flows inland, resulting
in a warm climate.
Answer the following questions:

1. What is ocean current?

2. What are the different ocean currents that carry warm water? Give at least three
Examples: _______________; __________________; ______________.
 3. What are the different ocean currents that carry cold water? Give at least three
Examples: ________________; _________________;
______________.
4. How does ocean current affects climate?
_____________________________

Now, you have learned that distance from the ocean/sea is another factor that affects
climate.
The amount of water vapor present in the air of our surroundings (is known as
humidity) increases as the temperature also increases. And since water vapor produced
through heat from the sun, we will be expecting that water vapor is having high temperature.
And if this vapor stays in in the surroundings it will make us uncomfortable and warm.
It’s time for you to explore more factors that influence climate.

What Is It
Altitude

Altitude refers to the height above sea

level. Areas that are high elevations have lower
average temperature than areas at lowlands. The
land part of the earth consists generally of
mountains and lowlands.
Temperatures in mountainous regions are
much lower than those in lowlands. Why? When a
warm and moist air mass rise up the side of a
mountain from the lowlands, it is lifted to heights
where it cools. Cooling of warm air causes its
water vapor to condense. Thus, the air on the side
of the mountain is dry and cool. The cool air
moves down the valley as a mountain breeze.
Altitude of a place and its nearness to the
sea affect climate.
Do activity 4 to understand more altitude.

Activity 4:I am High and Cold

Objectives : At the end of the activity, the learner is expected to:
1. definesaltitude,
2. identifies some warm and cold places in the Philippines,
[Link] how altitude affects the climate of the place.

Procedure: Study the table 4 below.

Here are the low and high temperatures of some places in the [Link] the
warmest and coldest places in the table. Determine what affects the regional temperature
for each city. Record your findings. Then answer the following questions.
Table 4
Name of Altitude Annual
Place (Elevation Average GUIDE QUESTIONS:
above sea Temperature 1. What is altitude? ____________
level) (0C) 2. What are the 3 places having the lowest
(m) temperature? ____________
Bacolod 10 27.5 3. What 3 places having the highest
Baguio 1457 16 altitude? ____________
Laoag 20 27.3 4. Why do you think that in your answer in
Manila 10 28 number 2 have the lowest temperature?
Tacloban 20 29.4 _______________________________
Cagayan de 9.7 30.0 5. What factor do you think is the cause of
Oro low temperature in the place? ______6.
Zamboanga 30 27.6 Based on the data, what is the relationship
Bukidnon 915 24 between altitude and temperature of a
Tagaytay 640 22.7 place? __________
Davao de Oro 13 27
Sources:[Link]
jVYTVJVYUNIaGk0VjRTa05BBG5fcnNsdAMwBG5fc3VnZwMwBG9yaWdpbgNwaC5zZWFyY2gueWFob28uY29tBHBvcwMwBHBxc3RyAwRwcXN0cmwDMARxc3RybAMzMQR
xdWVyeQNNYXJhd2klMjBDaXR5JTIwYXZlcmFnZSUyMHRlbXBlcmF0dXJlBHRfc3RtcAMxNTk2ODA5NDgy?p=Marawi+City+average+temperature&fr2=sb-
top&hspart=iba&hsimp=yhs-1

You observe that one of the topographic features of an area is a mountain.

Mountainous areas greatly affect the amount of precipitation in a certain region. The area in
which the wind blows is called the windward side. Here, the wind is blocked by the
mountain, forcing it to move upward. As it moves, the water vapor condenses and forms
clouds. This result in precipitation on the windward side. The air moves down towards the
opposite region called leeward side. The cold air mass starts to absorb heat and becomes
warm and dry. As a result, the area near the leeward side becomes dry and has less
precipitation. The dry region on the leeward side is called rainshadow. Vegetation in this
region includes desert plants and grassland.
Rain shadow is seldom found here in the Philippines because our country is
surrounded by bodies of water. Another reason is that the Philippines has two local wind
systems such as Amihan and Habagat. These local winds bring precipitation in every part of
the Philippines.
Therefore, altitude is one of the factors affects climate of the place.

What’s More
Wind patterns over the earth are caused by the unequal heating of the earth's
surface, plus the rotation of the earth. If the earth is not rotating, warm air from the equatorial
region will move directly toward the North and South Poles. Since the earth is rotating from
west to east, the winds are deflected westward. This shift in global wind direction due to the
earth's rotation is called Coriolis Effect.
Study figure below. Answer the
questions that follows.
Questions:
1. How does the Earth's rotation affect the
wind direction? ____________________
2. How does it affects the climate?
_______________________________
 And lastly, the amount of rain is another factor affects climate.
Let’s learn about it!

Activity 6: Amount of Rainfall

Amount of rainfall means the frequency and amount of precipitation of a place.

Different parts of the Philippines have different amounts of rainfall during the year.
The amount of rainfall is used to describe the climate in the region

Tropical regions which are generally hot and wet have high temperature and rainfall.
The differences in surface temperatures in the tropics create a very wet and humid
atmosphere.

Questions: 2. How do you think will the

1. What does the graph tell you amount of rainfall affect the
about the amount of rainfall in climate in these places?
different places in the
Philippines? ___________ ___________________

What Is It
Different parts of the world have different climates. The main features that affect
climate are the temperature and the amount of rainfall. They generally determine the kinds of
plant and animal species that grow in certain places.

HOT CLIMATE. The region between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn is
called the tropics. The climate within this regions just to the north and south of
the tropics is called subtropical. The warmth and plentiful rainfall in these regions
which include the Philippines, Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries is
beneficial to the plants that grow well in this climate such as trees, palms,
bananas, rice, corn and other vegetation.
 The savannah is the region of tropical grassland which is found in the African
forests. The Sahara Desert is the world's largest desert. It is covered with sand
dunes. The lack of rainfall does not allow vegetation to thrive well in this desert.

TEMPERATE CLIMATE. The cold temperate regions of the world are occupied by large
and dense forests such as those found in North America, Europe and parts of
Asia. Most plant species are hardwoods like oak, elm and beech, evergreen
plants like fir and conifers, and fruits like grapes, peaches and persimmon.
Animals that thrive well in temperate climates are foxes, squirrels and bears.

COLD CLIMATE. The coldest climates are in the Arctic close to the North Pole and in
the Antarctic close to the South Pole. These regions have a polar climate which
are very cold. During winter, the ground is permanently covered with snow and
the temperature can go down to 50 degree Celsius, nothing can grow in this kind
of weather.
Polar bears, penguins and seals can live in cold climates because of their
thick fur and a layer of fat under their skin.

The influence of climate on the lifestyles and activities of people in the world is very
observable.
1. Houses in cold countries use of heating system during winter. In warm countries,
the homes are provided with a cooling system used for almost throughout the year.
2. Differences in clothing,people in cold countries walk the streets with thick clothes
like wool, leather and fur coats, the people in the tropics walk the streets with thin
clothes like cotton and polyester.
3. Some games can only be played in certain places. For example, in the Philippines, it
does not snow, so it will be impossible for us to engage in winter sports such as
cross-country skiing or outdoor ice-skating.

Activity 7: The Impact of Climate on People’s Life

1. What do people living in hot countries wear? ______

2. What do people living in very cold countries wear? ______
3. Is the kind of climate also affects the kind of house they live in? How?
4. Where do most people choose to live? Why? ________________
 What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the blanks. Choose word or words that answer question in the word
box.
A. As the sun’s rays strike different parts of the Earth, these places receive different
amount of solar radiation due toit’s ____1_______ shape and tilted at ___2___0.
Thus, the climate of a place also affects the distance from the ___3______ to its
poles.

B. Identify what factor affects the climate of the place.

___________________4. refers to the height above sea level.

___________________5. Wind patterns over the earth are caused by the unequal
heating of the earth's surface, plus the rotation of the earth.
___________________6. is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a definite
direction
___________________7. means how far north or south of the equator acertain
place is located.
___________________8. means the frequency and amount of precipitation of a
place.

WORD BOX
Amount of rainfall altitude Wind system
23.50 spherical shape Ocean current
Equator Latitude

C. True or False.
______________9. The lifestyle and activities of the people in the world
areaffected by the climate of its place.
_____________10. House in cold countries is using cooling system throughout
the year.
_____________11. People in tropics walk the street with thin clothes like cotton
and polyester.
_____________12. Games are also played based on the climate of the place.
_____________13. Plants that grow in the place vary from place to place due to
different climates.

What I Can Do
Direction: Fill in the missing word/s in the word web.

1.
Is the average pattern of weather
over long period of time.

2._____________________ is
is affected by
the condition of atmosphere for a
short period of time
 Summary

Climate-is a condition of the atmosphere over long period of time

Weather-is a condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time
Generally, the climate of the Philippines is high in temperature and humidity with abundant
rainfall.
Climatology is the study of climate and how it changes over time
Metereology is the study of atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and
forecasting.
Elements of weather and climate: temperature, pressure, humidity, wind
direction/speed, clouds formation, rainfall and precipitation.
.
Air temperature decreases when altitude increases.
*Bodies of water help regulate the climate of a certain area.
*Mountain ranges affect the formation of precipitation.
*Ocean currents will either cool or warm the air above them.
*Cold currents bring cold water while warm currents take along warm water.
*Coriolis Effect deflects the ocean currents.
*Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the surrounding due to high temperature.
When the area is in high temperature it is relative to high humidity.

Factors that affect climate in a place:

Latitude means how far north or south of the equator a place is located.
An ocean current is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a definite direction.
Some of these currents are caused by wind moving over the ocean surface
Altitude refers to the height above sea level. Areas that are high elevations have
lower average temperature than areas at lowlands. The land part of the earth
consists generally of mountains and lowlands
Wind patterns over the earth are caused by the unequal heating of the earth's
surface, plus the rotation of the earth.
This shift in global wind direction due to the earth's rotation is called Coriolis
Effect.
Amount of Rainfallis used to describe the climate in the region.

People living near the ocean experience cooler climate than those living in inland
areas, thus people need to know that adjusting or adapting to climatic factors is essential.
Importance of knowing Philippine climate will help us wear proper clothing. For
farmers help choose plant/s the correct crop that will grow in the climate condition
 Assessment: (Post-Test)
Multiple Choice. Choice the letter of the correct answer and write your answer in
your notebook.

1. What is known as the weather condition over a long period of time?

A. Elevation C. Climate
B. Precipitation D. Temperature
2. Wind can be described as ________.
A. Moving water C. moving clouds
B. Moving air D. Moving light
3. What is the difference between weather andclimate?
A. Climate deals with a longer time period than a weather.
B. Weather describes wind direction and climate doesn’t.
C. Climate describes wind direction and weather doesn’t.
D. Climate deals with a shorter time of period than a weather.
4. Climate is the average weather condition recorded over a span of___.
A. months B. years C. weeks D. days
5. Climate and weather are different concepts, though they are related. How are the
concepts of weather and climate differ?
A. Weather refers to conditions nearer the ground than climate.
B. Climate is related to the amount of sunlight, weather is not;
C. Weather condition includes precipitation, but climate does not.
D. Climate covers larger areas at alonger times while weather covers
small areas at a shorter time.
6. What is the relationship between elevation and climate?
A. The higher the elevation, the colder the climate
B. The lower the elevation, the colder the climate
C. The higher the elevation, the warmer the climate
D. There is no relationship between elevation and climate
7. Why do places at the same latitude but different altitudes have different climate?
A. Amount of heat received varies. C. Higher altitudes have lower
temperature.
B. Amount of precipitation differs. D. Higher altitudes have higher
temperature.
8. Which of the following decreases as elevation increases?
A. Cloud B. Latitude C. precipitation D. Temperature
9. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases?
A. It remains the same B. It increases C. It decreases D. It varies
10. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles?
A. Great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
B. Great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
C. Less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas.
D. Less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface.
11. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal?
A. Clouds form. . C. The humidity
B. The dew point is reached increases. D. Precipitation occurs.
12. Why do mountain climbers bring thick jackets when they go up the mountain?
A. The temperature increases as the altitude increases.
B. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
C. The altitude increases as the temperature increases.
D. The altitude decreases as the temperature increases
13. What is the relationship between elevation and climate?
A. The higher the elevation, the colder the climate.
B. The lower the elevation, the colder the climate.
C. The higher the elevation, the warmer the climate.
D. There is no relationship between elevation and climate.
14. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and has a moderate climate. It is located near
the equator. What will most likely affect the climate of the city?
A. latitude C. topography
B. altitude D. all of these
15. What is the primary cause of ocean surface currents?
A. Ships B. Rain C. Wind D. Migrating fish
 Key to Answers
Pretest
1.C 2. B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.D
7.D 8. D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12. B
13. A 14. D 15. C

Lesson 1

What’s In : Unscramble words

1. Atmosphere 2. Troposphere 3. Climate 4. Weather
5. Exosphere 6. Temperature 7. Stratosphere
8. Pressure 9. Thermosphere 10. Mesosphere
Fill in the blank
1. Atmosphere 2. Pressure 3. Temperature 4. Climate
5. Weather 6. Troposphere 7. Exosphere 8. Mesosphere
9. Stratosphere 10. Thermosphere
What the Weather Like
[Link] [Link] 3. Cloudy 4. Rainy
[Link] [Link] Sunny 7. Thunderstorm 8. Partly Cloudy
Whats New
1)cloudy 2)windy 3)humidity 4)temperature 5) Air pressure
6)sunshine 7)precipitation 8)visibility

Venn Diagram

Weather Both Climate

unpredictable precipitation predictable
Meterology Rainfall Average
Daily Humidity Climatology
Short term Wind direction/speed Long term
Clouds Seasons
Pressure Yearly
Evaporation Observed over time
Whats More A. 1. Type IV, [Link]
2. Mindanao and Visayas Type 4

What I Have Learned: 1 Weather – An atmospheric condition only in shorter time

2. Weather
3. Weather
4. Climate – An atmospheric condition of a longer period of time
5. Climate
6. Weather
7. Climate
8. Climate
9. Climate
10. Climate
What Can I Do (answer may vary)
Line 1 My Weather Poem
Line 2 Sunny, Windy, Stormy, Rainy
Line 3 hot, cold
Line 4 What is the difference weather from climate?
Line 5 Know the condition of other places
Help farmers plant the correct crop

Lesson 2

Activity 1

1. Pressure 5. Temperature 10. Latitude

2. Leeward 6. Climate 11. Equator
3. Ocean 7. Topography 12. weather
Currents 8. Humidity
4. Altitudes 9. Windward

Activity 2

1. 23.50
2. The Tropics of or the Torrid zone receives most of the sun rays
3. The amount of heat receives by places far from the equator is less
because the solar energy strikes at lower angles.
4. The distance from the equator affects the climate of a place because solar
energy rays strike and reache earth’s surface at lowest angle and
passthrough a thicker layer of the atmosphere than at the place of tropic
zone and temperate zone. Causing the coldest place on Earth found near
the poles.
5. Places at equator receive most solar energy because the sun strikes it
most directly.
6. Different parts of the Earth receive different amount of solar radiation
because, besides Earth is elliptical in shape, it is tilted a 23.5°on its axis.
So distance from the equator (latitude) affects the climate of a place.

Activity 3

1. An ocean current- is part of the ocean in which the water flows in a

definite direction.

2. The different ocean currents that carry warm water are Kuroshio Current,
Agulhas Current, and North Equatorial Current.

3. The different ocean currents that carry cold water [Link] current,
Kamchatka Current and Greenland Current.

4. Ocean current affects climate because bodies of water will help regulate
 the temperature of the surroundings. That’s why places that are far from
the bodies of water have extreme climates than places close to bodies of
water. Besides from water, absorbs more heat during warm days and
slowly releases it during cold days, it also help to circulate the movement
of cold and warm air.

Activity 4: The Higher, the Colder

1. Altitude is refers to the height above sea level

2. The 3 places having the lowest temperature on the given table are:
Baguio, Bukidnon, and Tagaytay.
3. The 3 places having the highest altitude are Baguio, Bukidnon, and
Tagaytay
5. Its because of its very high elevation or altitude above sea level.
6. Based on the data, the relationship between altitude and temperature of
a place is that inversely proportional. As altitude of an area increases the
average temperature of the area decreases. Likewise, as the average
temperature of an area increases the altitude of an area decreases.

Activity 5
1. Due to the Earth's rotation it affect the wind direction, since the Earth is rotating
from west to east, the winds are deflected westward or so called as Coriolis
Effect.
2. Earth’s rotation affects the climate due to continuous shifting in global wind
direction called Coriolis Effect.

Activity 6: Amount of Rainfall

1. The graph tells us that different places in the Philippines are having
different amount of rainfall.
2. The amount of rainfall affects the climate in the place when the place is
having high difference in surface temperature creating a every wet and
humid atmosphere. It also determines the kind of plants and animals
species that grows in certain places.

Activity 7 : The Impact of Climate on People’s Life

1. People living in hot countries wear with thin clothes like cotton and
polyster.
2. People living in cold countries wear with thick clothes like wool, leather
and fur coats.
3. Yes, houses in cold countries use heating system during winter. In warm
countries, their homes are provided with a cooling system for use.
4. Most people choose to live in a temperate climate areas, because various
plants and animals thrive well in temperate climates.

What I have learned

A. [Link] 2. 23.50 3. equator

B. 4. Altitude 5. Wind system 6. Ocean Current
[Link] 8. Amount of Rainfall
 C. 9. True 10. False 11. True 12. True 13. true

What I Can do
1. Climate
2. weather.
3. Latitudes
4. Ocean current
5. Altitude
6. Wind patterns/System
7. Amount of rainfall

Post- Test

1.C 2. B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6. D

7.D 8. D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12. B
13. A 14. D 15. C
References

Rabago, L, Joaquin, C, Ferrer, D, Intong, M,Mingoa, T. Science and Technology

General Science Textbook for First Year. SD Publications, Inc. Metro Manila
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Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe. Glencoe/McGraw-Hill,

8787 Orion Place, Columbus, OH 43240.2005.

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Corner, Ma. Clara Street, Quezon City.2004

Science Learner’s [Link] of Education. 5 th Floor Mabini Bldg., DepEd

Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City. Philippines 1600. 2014.

Science Learner’s Material 7. Department of Education. Ground Floor Bonifacio

Bldg., DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600.2017.

[Link]

[Link]

Cowan, A.G. (2013, November 4). Ocean Currents and Climate. Retrieved
from[Link]
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Department of Education. Science 9 Learner’s Module

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Ramos, John Donnie A.,Pavico, Maria Josefina .,Ramos, Anna Cherylle M.,Bayquen, Aristea
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Science 9 Learner’s Module, First Edition, 2014 Reprint 2017 ISBN: 978-621-407-027-5
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[Link], [Link]. Generation, Transmission and Distribution

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[Link]
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4OVIhzM

[Link]
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ttps://[Link]/en/philippines/laoag-city-climate
[Link]
ttps://[Link]/[Link]/27-climatology-and-agrometeorology
[Link]
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Department of Education – Division of Iligan City

Office Address: Aguinaldo Street, Iligan City
Telefax: (063) 221-6069
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