ELECTRICAL MACHINE I HOME WORK FIVE

SPRING 2015 Dr. MUSTAFA AL-REFAI

TRIPOLI UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC DEPARTMENT
EE 352 S 2015
HOME WORK FIVE
PROBLEM 1:
The primary and secondary voltages of an auto-transformer are 500 V and 400 V respectively. Show with the aid of a
diagram, the current distribution in the winding when the secondary current is 100 A and calculate the economy of Cu
in this particular case.
PROBLEM 2 :
Determine the core area , the number of turns and the position of the tapping point for a 500 -kVA , 50-Hz , single –phase ,
6,600/5,000-V auto-transformer , assuming the following approximate values : e.m.f. per turn 8V . Maximum flux density
2
1.3 Wb/m .
PROBLEM 3 :
For the 20-kVA, 2400/240-V two-winding step-down transformer, (a) connected as an auto – transformer with additive
polarity (d) compute
(i) Original current capacity of HV – winding.
(ii) Original current capacity of LV winding.
(iii) K VA rating of auto –transformer using current capacity of LV winding as calculated in (ii) above .
(iv) Per cent increase in k VA capacity of auto – transformer as compared to original two-winding transformer .
(v) Values of I 1 and I c (d) from value of I 2 used in (iii) above.
(vi) Per cent over load of 2400-V winding when used as an auto-
transformer. (vii) Comment on the results obtained.
PROBLEM 4 :
A 3-phase, 6,600/415-V, 2,000-k VA transformer has a per unit resistance of 0.02 and a per unit leakage reactance of 0.1.
Calculate the Cu loss and regulation at full-load 0.8 p.f. lag.
PROBLEM 5 :
A 120-k VA, 6,000/400-V, Y/Y, 3-ph, 50- Hz transformer has an iron loss of 1,600 W. The maximum efficiency occurs at
¾ full loads.
Find the efficiencies of the transformer at
(i) full-load and 0.8 power factor (ii) half-load and unity power
factor. (iii) The maximum efficiency.
PROBLEM 6 :
A 3-phase transformer, ratio 33/6.6-k VA,  / Y , 2-MVA has a primary resistance of 8 per phase and a secondary
resistance of 0.08 ohm per phase . The percentage impedance is 7%. Calculate the secondary voltage with rated
primary
voltage and hence the regulation for full-load 0.75 p.f. lagging conditions.
PROBLEM 7:
A 3-phase transformer has its primary connected in ∆ and it’s secondary in Y. It has an equivalent resistance of 1% and an
equivalent reactance of 6%. The primary applied voltage is 6,600 V. What must be the ratio of transformation in order
that it will deliver 4,800 V at full-load current and 0.8 power factor (lag).
PROBLEM 8:
A 2000-k VA, 6,600/400-V, 3-phase transformer is delta – connected on the high voltage side and star – connected on the
low – voltage side. Determine its % resistance and % reactance drops, % efficiency and % regulation on full load 0.8
p.f. leading given the following data:
S.C. test; H.V. data: 400 V, 175 A and 17 k W
O.C. test; L.V. data: 400 V, 150 A and 15 k W

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 ELECTRICAL MACHINE I HOME WORK FIVE
SPRING 2015 Dr. MUSTAFA AL-REFAI

SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 1:
K  V2 / V1  400 / 500  0.8
 I1  KI 2  0.8 100  80 A
The current distribution
Saving = KW0  0.8W0  Art.30.33
 Percentage saiving = 0.8  100 = 80.
SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 2 :
E  4.44 f m N volt
E/N 8
m    0.03604 Wb
4.44 f 4.44  50
2 2
Core area = 0.03604/1.3 = 0.0277 m = 277 cm
Turns of h.v. side = 6600/8 = 825 ; Turns of 1.v. side = 5000/8 = 625
Hence, tapping should be 200 turns from high voltage end or 625 turns from the common end.
SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 3 :
(i) I1  20 10 3 / 2400  8.33 A
(ii) I 2  I1 / K  8.33 10  83.3 A
(iii) k VA rating of auto-transformer V2 I 2  2640  83.3 10 3  220 k VA
220
(iv) per cent increase in k VA rating = 100  1100%
20
(v) I1  220 10 3 / 2400  91.7 A , c  I  I  91.7  83.3  8.4 A
1 2
I
(vi) Per cent overload of 2400 V winding = 8.4 100 / 8.33  100.8%
(viii)As an auto – transformer, the k VA has increased tremendously to 1100% of its original value with LV coil at
its rated current capacity and HV coil at negligible overload i.e. 1.008  rated load .
SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 4 :
Culoss
As seen, % R = % Cu loss = 100
VA
Culoss
Now, %R = 0.02 100  2%  2 100  Cu loss = 40 kW
2,000
Now, percentage leakage reactance =
regn . = vr cos   v x sin   2  0.8  10  0.6  7.6%
SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 5 :
Since maximum efficiency occurs at ¾ full-load, Cu loss at ¾ full-load equals iron of loss of 1,600 W .
2
Cu loss at ¾ F.L. = 1,600 W; Cu loss at F.L. = 1,600  (4 / 3)  2,845
W (i) F.L. output at 0.8 p.f. = 120  0.8  96 k W =96,000 W
Total loss = 1,600+ 2,845= 4,445 W
96,000
  100  95.57%
100,445
2
(ii) Cu loss at ½ full-load = (1/ 2)  2,845  710W
Total loss = 710+1,600=2310 W

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 ELECTRICAL MACHINE I HOME WORK FIVE
SPRING 2015 Dr. MUSTAFA AL-REFAI

60,000
Output at ½ F.L. and u.p.f. is = 60 k W = 60,000 W ;  100  96.3%
62,310
(iii) Maximum efficiency occurs at ¾ full-load when iron loss equals Cu loss
. Total loss = 2 1,600  3,200W
Output at u.p.f. = (3 / 4) 120  90 k W =90,000 W
90,000
Input = 90,000+3,200= 93,200 W   100  96.57%
93,200
SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 6 :
6
2  10
F.L. secondary current = 3
 175 A
3  6.6 10
K  6.6 / 3  33  1/ 8.65; 2
 0.08  8 / 8.65  0.1867 per phase
R02
7 6,600
Now , secondary impeadance drop per phase =   266.7V
100 3
 Z 02  266.7 /175  1.523 per phase
X 02  Z 022
 R02
2
 1.5232  0.1867 2  1.51 /phase
Drop per phase = I 2 (R02 cos   X 02 sin  )  175(0.1867  0.75  1.51 0.66)  200V
Secondary voltage/phase = 6,600 / 3  V2  3,810  200  3,610V
3,810V
 secondary line voltage  36,10 3  6,250 V

% regn.= 200 100 / 3,810  5.23%
SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 7 :
Percentage regulation = vr cos   v x sin   1 0.8  6  0.6  4.4%
Induced secondary e.m.f. (line value )
= 4,800 +4.4 % of 4,800 = 5,010 V
Secondary phase voltage = 5,010 / 3  2,890 V
Transformation ratio
K  2,890 / 6,600  0.437 .
SOLUTION OF PROBLEM 8 :
From S.C. test data , we have
Primary voltage / phase= 400/ 3  231 V ;Primary current /phase = 175 / 3  100 A
 Z10  231/100  2.31
2
Now I 1 R01  17,000 / 3 or R01  0.567; X01 2.31  0.567  2.24
2 2


I 1 R0 1 100 0.567
%R  100  100  0.86
V1 6.600
I X 100 2.24
% X  1 0 1 100   100  3.4
V1 6,600
%regn. = vr cos   v x sin   0.86  0.8  3.4  0.6  1.34%
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 ELECTRICAL MACHINE I HOME WORK FIVE
SPRING 2015 Dr. MUSTAFA AL-REFAI

Full – load primary line current can be found from