Client Job N° Document N°

120025 HSE-002
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Project

EQUIPMENT FOUNDATION AND STRUCTURE REPAIRS

SLUG CATCHER & PECO FILTERS LNG - PLANT

SIRTE OIL COMPANY

TECHNICAL PROPOSAL

Tender N°: MP-1288

EQUIPMENT FOUNDATION AND STRUCTURE REPAIRS

SLUG CATCHER & PECO FILTERS
LNG - PLANT

HSE PROJECT STANDARDS

120025-HSE-002
Rev: 0
Date: November-2020

A.S. SAHL
0 Nov-2020 IFB Issued for Bid
SOUISSI JAMMOUSSI *** *** ***
Statu
Rev Date
s Description Prepared Checked Verified Approved Client

This document is confidential. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which has been
Ce document est confidentiel. Il ne devra être ni montré aux tierces parties ni utilisé que dans le cadre de la réalisation du projet.
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS ARCHIVED IN THE PDMS, ONCE PRINTED OR COPIED, ARE NON-CONTROLLED AND MAY BECOME OUTDATED
LES DOCUMENTS ELECTRONIQUES ARCHIVEES DANS LE PDMS, UNE FOIS IMPRIMES OU COPIEES SONT INCONTROLEES ET PEUVENT ETRE
PERIMEES
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Table of Contents

OBJECTIVE 3

WE WILL ACHIEVE THIS THROUGH: 3

SITE MINIMUM STANDARDS 3

1. INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHY AND SAFE OPERATIONS 4

1.1. OFFICE SAFETY 4

1.2. CONSTRUCTION, ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE 6

1.3. ELECTRICITY 17

1.4. LONE WORKING 18

1.5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 20

1.6. VEHICLE OPERATION 23

1.7. HEALTH PROTECTION AND PROMOTION 25

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OBJECTIVE:

We will assess the exposure of employees and contractors to health and safety hazards, and will
implement programs to raise awareness and reduce hazards.

WE WILL ACHIEVE THIS THROUGH:

 Operational Safety
 Safe Design
 Assessment and Control
 Health Protection and Promotion

SITE MINIMUM STANDARDS

 Maintain local operational instructions which ensure proper use of control

measures and compliance with the SOC HSE Manual and risk assessments.
 Conduct scheduled work place inspections
 Maintain all statutory inspections
 Electrical Systems
 Pressure Systems
 Ensure information is in accordance with site standards
 Site Safety Signs
 Labeling of Hazardous Substances
 Health surveillance to be conducted where identified as necessary by a COSHH or
risk assessment
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1. INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHY AND SAFE OPERATIONS

This section details procedures for health and safe operations in office, lab and operational areas.
Where more “in depth” detail is required, reference will be made to the operational procedures
manual.

1.1. Office Safety

1.1.1. Introduction
The purpose of this section is to provide general advice to all staff who work in an office
environment on the precautions necessary to ensure a healthy and safe working environment.
It is tempting to think of offices as perfectly safe environment in comparison with workshops and
laboratories. However, many of the lost time accidents reported by oil companies happen in offices,
corridors and similar areas. An office is only as safe or unsafe as the people who work in it. Office
staff should be made aware of hazards in their vicinity and who to contact should a problem arise. A
generic risk assessment should be carried out for each office area.

1.1.2. Housekeeping

Poor housekeeping is dangerous, creates a bad impression and wastes time and money. A tidy
office is safer than an untidy one.

An office is in order when there are no unnecessary things about and when all necessary things are
in their proper places.

Materials and equipment such as paper, books, stationary and other consumables should
be stored correctly when not in use, stocks should be kept to a minimum. All walkways
should be kept clear.

Housekeeping is important in corridors too. Corridors should not be used to store

flammable or hazardous materials, or anything which could obstruct peoples escape in
case of fire. Many injuries occur when people slip on liquids spilt on the floor. All spills
should be cleaned up immediately.

Coordinators and supervisors should pay particular attention to housekeeping standards

when conducting routine inspections as detailed in the management guide.

1.1.3. The Office Environment

A reasonable temperature should be maintained in all offices.

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The lighting in any office should be sufficient for the level of detail required by the tasks
undertaken. For general tasks, the standard maintained luminance should be between
300 and 500 lux. Further help and information can be had from the safety department.

Sufficient space should be provided in all offices to prevent over crowding. In general, a
minimum requirement per person is 11m2. this excludes space occupied by furniture and
equipment. Care should be taken in the layout of desks and equipment around the office
to allow everyone sufficient space, and to ensure clear access to all areas.

1.1.4. Safe Storage

Sufficient cupboards shelves and filing cabinets should be provided to allow all materials
to be stored safely.
Equipment should not be piled on top of cupboards, nor should shelves be over loaded.
Where storage is at a height, proper access equipment, such as step ladders should be
used.

Only one drawer of a filing cabinet should be open at any time, otherwise it could over
balance. Drawers should not be left open.

1.1.5. Lifting and Handling

Care should be taken with any lifting and handling operation. Many people sustain or
aggravate back injuries by failing to use good lifting technique, even when lifting fairly light
weights. All manual handling operations should be assessed prior to commencement of
activity.
Always think the lift through before starting. Never try to lift something which is too
heavy on your own. Ask for help.
Always use good lifting techniques. Keep the back strait and lift with the legs.
Avoid twisting movements when lifting.
Always wear protective gloves if handling sharp objects.

1.1.6. Display Screen Equipment

Individual work stations should be assessed and corrective action taken to minimize the
risks identified. Contact the safety department for further information.

1.1.7. Electrical Equipment

Most office equipment is not particularly dangerous as the working parts are usually well
enclosed. Even so, machines should be treated with respect and in accordance with
suppliers instructions. Service and maintenance of equipment should be up to
requirements.
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Care should be taken particularly with long hair and loose clothing which could become
entangled when cleaning or un jamming machinery such as photocopiers. Never remove
panels from machines which allow access to electrical components. Report the fault.

Electrical and communication leads should be kept to a minimum. The leads should be as
short as possible, they should be run sensibly to avoid tripping hazards. Sufficient
permanent electrical sockets should be provided to prevent excessive use of multi way
extension blocks.

All nonessential electrical equipment should be switched off when not in use, particularly
over night, as it presents an unnecessary fire risk.

1.1.8. Small Items of Equipment

Take care of small items of office equipment such as knives, scalpels, scissors and
stapling machines. All are capable of inflicting painful injuries. Particular care should be
taken to give sufficient instruction and supervision to young staff or trainees.
1.1.9. Use of Hazardous Substances

Chemical substances are used for a variety of tasks in the office. Toner for copiers and
printers, inks, cleaning fluids and correction fluids are all examples.

Keep stocks of chemicals to a minimum. Follow the suppliers recommendations for

storage use and disposal of the materials. Make sure everyone who has to use them
knows the correct and safe handling procedures.

1.1.10. Waste Management and Disposal

All waste should be kept to a minimum. If material usage can be reduced, or supplies
recycled or reused, then they should be. All offices should continually look for ways to
reduce their waste.

Care should be taken when emptying ashtrays. Make sure that smoking materials have
been put out properly and cooled down before putting them in the garbage bin.

1.2. Construction, Engineering and Maintenance

1.2.1. Introduction

The purpose of this section is to provide advice to all staff involved in construction,
maintenance and other engineering services in workshops and around the sites.
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It is beyond the scope of this manual to provide a step-by-step approach to all situations. If
more specific advice is required then contact the safety department who have the detailed
procedures manual.

1.2.2. Housekeeping

Poor housekeeping is dangerous, creates a bad impression and wastes time and money.
A tidy workplace is safer than an untidy one.

A workplace is in order when there is no unnecessary items about and when all necessary
things are in their proper places.

Materials and equipment should be stored correctly when not in use, stocks kept to a
minimum and items properly disposed of when no longer required. All walkways should be
kept clear.
All tools, equipment, floors and other surfaces should be cleaned regularly to keep them
free from dust, grime and other refuse.

Coordinators and supervisors should pay particular care to housekeeping standards when
carrying out their safety inspections.

1.2.3. Planning Work on Site

Good planning is very important when carrying out work on site. The job should always be
thought through first. A check should be made to ensure that all materials and tools are
available.

Wherever possible the area superintendent in control should be contacted well in advance
of commencement of work. The scope of work should be discussed as should a
convenient time for the work to go ahead.

It should also be decided if work permits are required. If so then the issuing authority
should be given as much advance warning as possible.
Where the work will require a disruption of services then adequate notice should be given
to any one who could be affected.

Check whether the area is restricted or electrically zoned. Find out beforehand as these
factors can effect the way the job can be done.

When work is completed, return the workplace to a safe, clean and tidy condition before
handing it back to operations. The permit must be returned at the end of the work.

1.2.4. Identification of Services and Products

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All service and product lines around the sites must be color coded or labeled, inspected
and tested before use. It is often helpful to indicate direction of flow and supply pressure
as well.

1.2.5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Many craft activities will require the use of some type of PPE e.g., safety foot wear, safety
hats, eye protection, hearing protection, gloves etc.

It is the responsibility of supervisors to ensure that staff are aware of the PPE
requirements of their work and are provided with suitable equipment.

It is the responsibility of all staff to make proper use of the PPE provided and to report
defects promptly to their supervisor.

1.2.6. The Working Environment

Lighting: The workplace should be adequately lit. this will usually include good general
lighting with further local lighting in areas of precision works or potentially hazardous
operations.

Ventilation: There should be adequate general ventilation of the workplace. Additional

ventilation may be required for operations giving rise to dust, fumes or vapors. Where
ventilation is inadequate breathing apparatus may be required.

Noise: Every effort should be made to reduce noise at source and to separate noisy
areas from the main work area. Where noise reduction methods are not reasonably
practicable then ear protection may need to be used. Where it is suspected that the
operation may give rise to personnel exposure of over 85 db, then the safety supervisor
should be consulted.

1.2.7. Safe Storage

All equipment and materials should be stored neatly and safely in their designated areas.
The use of proper storage racks will allow equipment to be retrieved safely, quickly and
conveniently. Heavy items should not be stored at the top of racks as this may result in the
rack becoming top heavy and unstable.

On construction sites materials should be kept in a designated fenced lay down area. This
area should be of adequate size to allow proper access to all materials. Materials should
only be transported to the construction site as required.
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When working around the site, temporary stores of tools and materials should be
positioned so as not to obstruct or clutter walkways and work areas.
1.2.8. Manual Handling

Care should be taken with any lifting and handling operation. Many people sustain or
aggravate back injuries by failing to use industry approved lifting techniques, care must

be taken even while lifting light weights. All manual handling operations should be
assessed prior to commencement of any handling activity.

Always think the lift through before commencing. When in doubt get help.
Keep the back strait, lift with the legs.
Always avoid any twisting movements when lifting.
Always wear protective gloves and clothing when handling sharp objects.

1.2.9. Forklift Trucks and Other Vehicles on Site

Drivers of forklift trucks require special training. After completing training, staff may be
authorized to operate forklift trucks by their line manager. No unauthorized person may
drive or operate a forklift truck.

All drivers of any vehicle on site must observe the site traffic regulations:
 Maximum speed on site 20km per hour.
 Authorized drivers only.
 No entry into restricted areas without a vehicle entry permit.

1.2.10. Cranes and Lifting Machines

Cranes and lifting machines may only be used by properly trained staff. All operations
must be properly supervised.

Only lifting equipment with a current inspection certificate may be used. This applies to all
lifting equipment e.g., slings, shackles, strops etc.

Training courses on slinging techniques and the use of cranes should be arranged as
required.

Only trained and authorized staff ma carry out or supervise lifting operations.

People involved must wear appropriate PPE, e.g., foot wear and hard hat.

More complex lifting operations where heavy or bulky loads are to be handled, must be
supervised by nominated staff with suitable training.
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Full details of lifting equipment and company requirements is available in the detailed
procedures manual available at the safety office.

1.2.11. Tools and Equipment

General Safety Points

The greatest danger of personal injury, particularly in workshops, arises from the use of
power driven equipment, such as machine tools. Even small hand tools can be dangerous,
particularly if they are not looked after.
All tools and equipment should be kept clean and maintained in good condition. All
equipment should be given a visual check by the user to pick up any obvious faults before
use.
The operator of any machine tool must be provided with a safe working area.
Anyone who uses tools or equipment must receive training and instruction to enable them
to work safely.
There must be a safe system of work in place, particularly for setting and cleaning
operations. Machinery must not be cleaned on the run, it must be properly isolated first.
All belts and other transmission machinery must be properly guarded.
Loose clothing should not be worn near moving machinery, as this can cause a serious
injury if it becomes entangled. Gloves should also be avoided for the same reason. Long
hair should be tied up.
Tools and equipment must never be misused. Always use the right tool for the job. Report
any defects in equipment, guards or safety equipment to the supervisor immediately.

1.2.12. Abrasive Wheels

The main risk involved in the use of abrasive wheels is the possibility of the wheel
bursting. This can happen if the wheel is damaged, or poorly mounted or improperly used.
The following points should be observed when dealing with abrasive wheels:

 Wheels should be properly stored and kept dry.

 Wheels should only be mounted by trained and qualified people who are
authorized by the workshop supervisor.
 Pedestal grinders should be bolted down so they can’t move during use.
 Where a tool rest is fitted , it must be kept adjusted close to the wheel, to prevent
the wheel grabbing at the work piece.
 Suitable shields or eye protection must be provided and used.

1.2.13. Lathes
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All lathes should be fitted with suitable splash guards to contain cutting oil and prevent
inadvertent contact with the chuck and work piece in motion. Eye protection should be
worn.

1.2.14. Portable Equipment

All portable equipment should be maintained and tested by the appropriate department.
This is particularly important for portable electrical equipment. An inspection sticker should
be attached showing date of last inspection.
A hot work permit is require to use most electrical equipment in restricted areas. All
equipment must be properly isolated and made safe before it is left unattended.
Portable pipe threading machines should be thoughtfully positioned so as not to cause a
hazard with the work piece.
Extreme care is needed when using steam and high pressure water cleaners. Electricity
and water don’t mix, make sure everything is properly earthed, in good condition and fitted
with RCD (Residual Current Device) before starting any such work.

1.2.15. Hand Held Electric Tools

Air powered tools should be used in preference to electric tools wherever possible. All
hand held electric tools should operate on 110 V center tapped to earth supply. Generally,
240V is not considered suitable for an engineering type environment. Inspection lamps
should be low voltage, preferably 24V.

All such equipment must be maintained in good working order. It should be visually
checked before use to see that the casing , cable or plug have not been damaged. All
equipment should be regularly tested by the electrical department.

1.2.16. Hand Tools

Ordinary hand tools can be dangerous if they are not looked after properly, or if they are
misused.

Chisel heads need to be ground down if they become mushroomed, or they can splinter
when struck.
Electrical insulation on screwdrivers and other tools can become damaged and so give
rise to danger.
The heads of hammers can become loose and possibly fly off during use.
Screwdrivers and wrenches can become worn, particularly if they are misused. Always use
the correct tool for the job. Adjustable wrenches should be avoided.

The contents of tool kits should be checked regularly so that damaged tools can be
maintained, repaired or replaced.
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1.2.17. Work in Confined Spaces

Any work involving entry into a deep trench, pit, shaft, tank etc. can be potentialy
hazardous.
Steps must be taken to ensure that the air in the confined space is safe to breath before
anyone attempts to enter or even put their head in and it will remain safe for the duration
of the work.
Other precautions will probably include isolating pipe work that could feed unwanted
substances into the space, purging out substances from previous operations, isolating
electrical supplies, ensuring that the fumes from vehicle exhausts cannot enter and
assessing the dangers associated with any work such as welding or painting which is to be
carried out in the space.

Always check with a supervisor or safety personnel before entering a confined space. A
permit to enter a confined space will usually be required.

1.2.18. Excavations

Excavations are particularly related to the construction of foundations, service, product

pipelines, drainage and regarding. The main hazard associated with excavation work is
ground collapse. Soil cannot be relied upon to hold its own weight for any length of time. A
factor that becomes increasingly important as additional loads are applied, such as from
plant and materials. Even a minor collapse of ground can cause serious injury.
1 m3 of sand weighs approximately 1.3 tonnes.

It is a SOC. requirement that no person shall enter any excavation over 1.2 meters
deep unless the sides of the excavation have been properly supported, stepped or
battered to prevent collapse.

Other important safety aspects of excavations are as follows:

 An excavation permit is required for all excavations. This will be prepared by the
safety supervisor or a trained competent person. A confined entry space permit may also
be required.
 Pipes and cables must be located on plans, by detector and by hand excavation.
 Suitable barriers must be placed around the excavation and signs where
appropriate.
 Suitable access and aggregate must be provided.

Full details of excavations and company requirements is available in the detailed

procedures manual available at the safety office.
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1.2.19. Working at Heights

General: By far the most common cause of fatal accidents in industries is falling from
heights. It is important that wherever any work has to be carried out at heights, all people
involved have a safe place to work, safe access to it and means of getting materials, tools
and equipment to the workplace safely.

Ladders: Ladders, step ladders and trestles are useful for short duration access and
certain types of light work for a short duration. More secure access equipment should be
used for long term or heavy duty work. Ladders should only be used on a firm and level
surface. They should be properly secured, preferably at the top resting point.
If this is not possible then they should be properly footed. If a ladder is used for access to
an elevated landing then the ladder should extend at least one meter above the landing
point.
Ladders should be used at the correct angle. One meter out for every four meters up. All
ladders should be checked by the user prior to use. In addition all ladders must receive
a full annual inspection.

Metal steps and ladders should not be used when working on electrical installations or
when using electric power tools.

Mobile Access Equipment: Mobile access equipment such as forklift mounted cages
and cherry pickers can provide a good working platform which can be moved around
quickly easily.
Mobile access equipment must only be used by staff who have been fully trained in its use
and are authorized by their supervisors.

All equipment should be checked before use including crane automatic cut out devices. In
addition they should be inspected and tested by a competent person annually.

1.2.20. Scaffolding

Scaffolds are used where longer duration access or work is necessary or where it is not
appropriate to use mobile equipment. Scaffolds may be fixed to the face of a building or
other structure or maybe of the self supporting as most proprietary mobile scaffold towers
are.

All scaffold work must be effectively supervised. Whether it is carried out by SOC. or sub
contractor, the supervisor must ensure safe systems of work are followed.

Scaffolds must only be erected and dismantled by staff who are trained and competent on
that particular type of scaffolding. The height of a free standing mobile tower should not
exceed the following limits; ( SBD = Shortest Base Dimension).
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On wheels 2.5 times SBD

On fixed feet 3 times SBD

All edges of working platforms on scaffolds must be fitted with a guardrail and toe board.

All scaffolds must be inspected by the safety supervisor or by the appointed scaffold
inspector before they are used for the first time and then on a weekly basis. All inspections
must be recorded in the scaffold inspection log book.

Any ladders incorporated into the scaffold will be checked for damage and security by the
scaffold inspector during routine inspections.

Full details of scaffolding and company requirements, is available in the detailed

procedures manual available at the safety office.

1.2.21. Roof Work

The main hazards with roof work are falling through a roof or falling off a roof.

If access is needed onto a fragile roof then crawling boards or other load spreaders must
be used.

Precautions must be taken to prevent people falling off the edge of roofs. Unless work is of
a very short duration this should include the erection of a guardrail and toe board at the
edge of the roof. If this is not possible then a suitable fall arrester and harness should be
used.

1.2.22. Gas Cylinders

Gas contained in cylinders are potentially dangerous and should be treated with care. The
following guidelines should be followed:

 Only the cylinder in use should be in the workshop at any time.

 Cylinders should be transported in special racks in an upright position with valve
protection caps in place.
 They should not be handled roughly, dropped or knocked.
 Cylinders should be stored:-
 Under shade in a well ventilated area
 In an upright position
 Separated by content
 Full and empty separated
 With protective valve caps on
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 Secured so they can’t fall over

Full details of the storage and use of gas cylinders and company requirements is available
in the detailed procedures manual at the safety office.

1.2.23. Pressure Pipe Work, Pipelines, Tanks and Vessels.

(Pressure Systems)

General: The integrity of pressure systems is fundamental to safe operations in the oil
industry. It is of the utmost importance that safe systems of work exist for all work on
pressure systems. It is beyond the scope of this manual to detail these systems. Detailed
information can be found in the detailed procedures manual in the safety office.

Principle Hazards:

 Pressure energy. The pressure energy contained in pressure systems can be

considerable. It can be explosively released if any part of the system is mistreated or
exposed to fire or heat.
 Pressure system contents. All gases are hazardous in some way e.g. flammable,
toxic or asphyxiate. Consideration must be given to the possibility of dangerous releases
of gas or low flash point liquid at all stages of use.

Many operations involving pressure systems involve flame cutting, welding, grinding, cold
cutting, hot tapping, unbolting flanged joint and pressure testing. All in areas where
hydrocarbons are or have been processed.

In order that work on pressure systems can be carried out safely, the following general
guidelines should be followed:

 Permit to work: A permit to work is required any time equipment containing a

hazardous substance is opened to atmosphere. This includes the removal of spool pieces,
covers, hatches, blinds, breaking flanges and pulling header plugs. Venting through a
valve or pressure tap by a technician or operator is exempt.

 Blinding: While not all work requires blinding, hazardous work such as confined
space entry, welding or cutting require a fully rated blind as near to the work as possible.
 Planning: It is essential that the risks are assessed for each job individually, the
work permit is designed to assist with this process. In simple cases all that would be
required is that the job supervisor, operations supervisor and the safety supervisor meet
together and hold brief discussions on the risks and the system of works. Their decisions
would be detailed on the permit and presented to the area superintendent for approval.
With more complex undertakings a formal planning meeting could be necessary involving
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all involved supervisors and including contractors. This meeting should discuss all
elements of the works not necessarily limited to safety aspects.
 Communications: Supervisors involved with the preparation of the work permit
are responsible for informing personnel under their control of details of the work,

its effects and any action required. The supervisor of the personnel doing the work
shall ensure he/she understand the conditions of the work permit. He/she advises the
personnel of any special conditions or precautions to be taken.
Controlling and monitoring work: Even after the work permit has been issued
and the work has commenced operations and safety should monitor the work progress to
ensure that only prescribed work is being carried out and by the agreed method. They
must also ensure that the work supervisor is in control.

Design Approval: Will be as per SOC. operating procedures.

Construction: Nothing about the way in which a pressure system is installed shall
give rise to danger. Installation should follow recognized codes/standards and be carried
out by suitably trained personnel.
Commissioning: When a new facility has been constructed or purchased or
whenever significant modifications have been made to an existing facility or after a major
rebuild of an existing facility the facility shall be pressure tested. Pressure testing shall
wherever possible be carried out hydraulically. If this is not possible, a pressure test with
an inert gas must be used. Strict precautions must be taken to exclude from the area all
nonessential personnel.
Written scheme of examination: All pressure systems must have a written
scheme of examination. The maintenance department are responsible for producing a
written procedure for all pressure vessels and safety devices.
Operation: A pressure system must not be used unless the user has established
the safe operating limits of the system. Each facility must have an operating manual, a floe
diagram and it is recommended that a facility log be kept.

Plant Operating Manual:

An outline of the operating philosophy of the facility
The hazards and precautions involved in operating the facility

Start up and shut down procedures

Emergency instructions and procedures
An up to date flow diagram
A listing of major components, their limitations and pressure ratings
A schedule of alarm testing
A schedule of torque settings
A copy of the HSE review reports
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Alarm and trip testing: With an increasing number of facilities, drilling rigs and
equipment intended for minimum surveillance operation there has been a corresponding
increase in the number of alarms and trip systems. For these facilities, rigs and equipment
to operate reliably it is essential that the alarms and trips are regularly tested to ensure
that they continue to provide the required protection and safe environment.
The flow diagram will contain an alarm and trip schedule listing the alarms and trips fitted
to the facility and the action taken by the trip system.

The procedure and frequency of testing the alarm and trip system should be specified in
the facilities operating manual.

1.3. Electricity

1.3.1. Electrical Hazards

Electricity can cause accidents in two ways, electric shock, or burns, or by initiating
explosions and fires.

Electric shock: Electric shock can be lethal at voltages as low as 60V. The effect of an
electric shock is markedly increased if the persons hands are wet or damp or the person is
standing on a conductive surface. For example the use of a metal ladder rather than a
wooden ladder. When doing electrical work using a metal ladder will increase the
probability and severity of a shock.

Electrical Burns: All cases of electrical burns require immediate attention. Electrical
burns are frequently of greater depth and severity than they appear.

Electrical Fires: In any fire involving electrical supplies, it is vital to turn off the electricity
involved. It is dangerous to use water or foam on the fire.
Where flammable materials (gases, vapors, liquids, dusts or mixtures) are stored, handled
or processed there is a risk of a flammable atmosphere. This may be ignited by a source
of ignition (e.g. arcs, sparks or heat). Sparks may generate from innocuous sources
(thermostat or light switches in domestic refrigerators. Always seek advice when any
electrical equipment is used with flammable materials.

It is vitally important that the correct assessment or the probability of a flammable

atmosphere is made via the area classification process and the appropriate electrical
equipment or protection methods is used. It is important that aspects such as static
electricity are considered when using flammable materials.
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Static Electricity: Static electricity in flammable atmospheres has been the cause of
many fires and explosions in industry. People should be aware of static electrical hazards
in their operation.

1.3.2. Electrical Work

No one should undertake electrical work unless:

A. Competent to do so
B. Authorized by their superior

C. Where appropriate, working with a safe system of work

It is the responsibility of the line manager to ensure that people doing electrical work are
competent to do so. They are formally authorized, certified and that there are safe
systems of work in place.

Competency: The general definition in relation to electrical work:-

a) Adequate certified knowledge of electricity

b) Adequate certified experience of electrical work
c) Adequate knowledge of the system to be worked on and the practical experience
of the class of system
d) Understanding the hazards which may arise during the work and the precautions
that need to be taken
e) Ability to recognize if it is safe to continue

Authorization: Authorization by the line manager means the line manager maintaining a
list of people who are deemed competent together with the particular types of electrical
equipment that they may work on.

Safe Systems of Work: The safe system of work should define:-

The training and instruction given to people before working on equipment

The hazards that are specific to the equipment (e.g. stored energy in capacitor
banks on high voltage equipment).
The conditions under which work can be undertaken on systems not securely
isolated

Any special precautions which may be required for example, the necessity for a second
person to be present while certain operations are carried out.

Full details of electrical safety and company requirements is available in the detailed
procedures manual available at the safety office.
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1.4. Lone Working

1.4.1. General Considerations

Many types of work are carried out both on and off the site which require people to work
on their own. Some examples are:-

 Operators
 Workshop and maintenance staff
 Security staff
 Office staff

As the risks associated with such work will differ greatly, it is impossible to specify a single
set of precautions to cover all circumstances.

1.4.2. The Nature of the Work

Solitary workers should not be exposed to greater danger than employees who work
together. Precautions should take account of normal working conditions and any
foreseeable emergencies e.g. equipment failure, fire, injury or illness.

When planning such work we need to ask some important questions about the work:-

 Can the risk of the job be adequately controlled by one person? Are more people
required?
 Does the workplace present a risk to the solitary man?
 Is there safe access and exit for one person?
 Is the person medically fit and able to carry out the work alone?
 Is the person adequately trained in all relevant operational and safety matters, in
particular emergency response?
 What arrangements are there for adequate supervision?

The extent of the supervision required depends on the risks involved and the proficiency
and experience of the employee to identify and handle safety issues. Employees new to
the job, undergoing training, doing a job which presents special risks or dealing with new
situations may need to be supervised at first. The extent of supervision required is a

management decision. It should not be left to individuals to decide whether they need
assistance.
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1.4.3. Precautions

Suitable systems should be in place to check on the safety of people working alone and
should include at least a check at the end of each working period. In addition it may be
desirable to consider:-

 Procedures where supervisors periodically visit and visually monitor people working
alone.
 Procedures where regular contact between the solitary worker and supervision is
maintained using either telephone or radio.

1.4.4. Lone Worker Alarm

Lone worker alarms will be available from the safety office. They should be suitable for use
in zoned areas e.g. where special electrical precautions are required. These have two
function settings:-

a) Manual - a button has to be manually operated to raise the alarm.

b) Automatic - the alarm will be raised automatically if the device is stationary for a
preset period e.g. the person has collapsed.

The unit will alert a pre-arranged person that the wearer is in difficulty.

1.5. Personal Protective Equipment

1.5.1. Introduction

All risks to health and safety in the workplace should be assessed. Enabling the most
appropriate means of risk reduction to be identified. Engineering controls and safe
systems of work should always be used in preference to personal protective
equipment(PPE) which should be regarded as the last line of defense.

There are a number of reasons for this approach:-

 PPE only protects the person wearing it. Whereas measures controlling the risk at
source protect every one at the workplace.
 Theoretical maximum levels of protection are seldom achieved in practice and the
level of protection is difficult to assess. Effective protection is only achieved by suitable
PPE correctly fitted and maintained and properly used.
 PPE may restrict the wearer to some extent by limiting mobility or visibility or by
restricting communications.
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This section provides guidance on the steps that need to be taken to ensure that any PPE
selected is suitable for its intended purpose.

1.5.2. Assessment

The health and safety department are responsible for assessing the need for PPE chosen
is appropriate for the risks involved and for the circumstances of its use. Site staff should
also be involved in this process. However in a majority of cases the PPE assessment will
already be incorporated into other assessments.
A range of equipment which meets relative standards, approvals and site requirements,
will be purchased and maintained in the safety stores. The safety department will from
time to time review the equipment list.

1.5.3. Equipment Performance

Technical data including the performance capabilities of the PPE should be studied and
relevant information incorporated into the assessment to show that the appropriate PPE
was selected.

1.5.4. Comfort, Capability and Choice

All PPE should be comfortable to the wearer and should fit properly. If it is not comfortable
it will not be worn effectively. Consequently safety should involve staff in the selection of
PPE.

When selecting PPE both personal and work related factors must be taken into account
for example:-

 Individual factors such as size, shape, facial hair, spectacles, contact lenses and
hearing aids.
 Work related factors such as methods of work, work rate, job duration and physical
effort required.
 Requirement for mobility.

In the case of respirators or ear protection the performance will be adversely effected if a
good seal is not obtained with the head.

For these reasons a choice of suitable equipment should be made available to enable
users to select that which is most comfortable and appropriate.

1.5.5. Employee Health

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An individuals state of health may need to be assessed when selecting PPE particularly
when full protective clothing assemblies are required (including breathing apparatus). The
bodies respiratory, cardiovascular and thermo regulatory systems may be affected.

1.5.6. Use, Maintenance and Training

PPE will not provide effective protection unless people are sufficiently well motivated to
wear it and are trained in its correct use. PPE particularly respirators must be worn for the
whole period of exposure. Removal of the equipment even for a short period of time can
cause a dramatic reduction in overall protection.

Rules: Line managers must make the rules specifying the PPE to be worn and when it is
to be used. In some cases this may involve designating an area where personnel must
wear PPE. In other cases PPE will need to be worn for specific activities. For example
working with chemicals.

All staff must comply with the instructions relating to PPE and those staff responsible for
contractors must ensure their compliance.

 Designation: The safety department is responsible for assessing the extent of

areas requiring PPE and for ensuring that the boundaries and all entry points are clearly
marked.

 Provision: The safety department is responsible for ensuring that all staff are
provided with suitable PPE where necessary. Where required, staff are provided with PPE
for their exclusive use. Staff responsible for visitors must ensure that they are provided
with and make use of the requisite PPE.

 Maintenance: Effective maintenance of PPE is essential if the equipment is to

retain original performance standards. Maintenance should include, where appropriate,
cleaning, disinfecting, examination, replacement, repair and testing. Manufacturers
maintenance schedules should be followed.

 Training: everyone involved with the use of PPE including users and line
management should receive education and training in its use. The training provided
should include theoretical as well as practical elements.

 Records: A record of issue of PPE to staff will be maintained by the safety

department.
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The safety department will also maintain a register of breathing apparatus in use on site
and records relating to the examination and testing of such equipment.

Full details of personal protective equipment and company requirements are available in
the detailed procedures manual held at the safety office.

1.6. Vehicle Operation

1.6.1. Driving Licenses

Any person driving a SOC. vehicle must be in possession of a valid Libyan driving license
or if other nationality, a full license and/or an international driving license of their country of
origin. A copy of the driving license should be held by the personnel department.

1.6.2. Vehicle Inspection

Each driver of a company vehicle shall ensure that the vehicle operated by him/her is in
safe working order. This will include a daily inspection of the vehicle. A continued
preventive maintenance program, proper lubrication, tune-ups and periodic inspections by
the vehicle maintenance department shall be supervised by the person assigned to the
vehicle. Deficiencies should be corrected immediately. Repair work must be performed by
competent authorized personnel.

1.6.3. Seat Belts

The wearing of seat belts is mandatory by law and by SOC. safety procedures. All
personnel and passengers are to wear seat belts. It is also required by SOC. employees
to wear seat belts in vehicles regardless of ownership.

1.6.4. Vehicle Operation

Each driver of a company vehicle shall operate that vehicle in a safe professional and
courteous manner. The driver shall adhere to the posted speed limits and abiding by
Libyan road traffic regulations. Where no posted speed limits exist, the following will
apply:-
 Maximum allowable speed on dry well maintained hard surface roads is 80 kph.
The speed must be adjusted for wet or undeveloped roads.
 Maximum allowable speed on undeveloped roads or sand tracks is 50 kph. Or
slower if the conditions require it.
 Maximum allowable speed inside facility areas is 20 kph. Or slower if driving close
to people and/or equipment.
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Other operating instructions:-

 All intersections should be approached with extreme caution. Be prepared to yield

or stop even if you have the right of way.
 Vehicles should always be driven in compliance with Libyan and company
standards.
 Vehicles should be facing out, thus avoiding reversing when the driver is most
vulnerable during the first few minutes of being in the vehicle.
 If the rear view of the driver is blocked a reverse signal noise should sound or the
driver must have an observer guiding him/her.

1.6.5. Desert Driving

Any person who undertakes desert travel will follow the following basic rules:-

a. Wherever possible vehicles should be equipped with radios.

b. Inform a responsible person of your destination, route you are taking and
estimated time of return when making round trips from central camps to outlying areas
such as well sites.

c. Inform a responsible person and also call ahead to your destination when
preparing a trip to another camp. Tell them your route and estimated time of arrival.
Promptly tell both of your arrival.

d. Do not deviate from your chosen route.

e. Use trails when possible. Avoid short cuts.

f. Use extreme caution when driving on roads or trails during sand storms. Under
such conditions drive only when you are certain you can see the sand dune tips and can
determine that you are proceeding in the proper direction by landmarks. High winds can
change the contours of the desert in a short period of time. Stop your vehicle if caught
in a sandstorm in open country.
g. If lost in the desert, stop and stay with the vehicle. Park on high ground. Do
not continue to drive for a long distance after you are certain you have lost your way.
Searchers can find you sooner if you are not far off your planned route.

h. Before starting a long trip ensure the vehicle is equipped with the following:-
1. hand tools
2. a shovel
3. spare engine belts
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4. plenty of water, a person requires 10 liters of water per day

5. two spare tires in good condition and tools
6. plenty of fuel for the journey:

Survival: if your vehicle does get stuck in the sand, stay calm, and dig yourself out
without overexertion. If you overwork you overheat. Remember, desert survival is
basically a matter of conservation of body water.

Sandstorms: Sand or dust storm driving is very dangerous since visibility deteriorates
rapidly under such conditions, particularly close to the ground, you ma fail to see a bad
bump, hole or the slip of a sand dune until its too late. Unless you are driving on a paved
road and can tell immediately if you are off the road it is always advisable to stop and wait
out the storm. Even on roads, if visibility is bad enough you may not see a vehicle

approach, a parked vehicle or sand build up across the road. Always avoid driving
during a sand or dust storm.

1.7. Health Protection and Promotion

1.7.1. Let your doctor:

be your guide to what your physical requirements should be.

Have complete and thorough examination once a year. Remember, this is a harsh
environment.

1.7.2. Health Screening

Pre Employment: This is required to establish employee physical and mental fitness for
the work and location.