1 Til/sa Exposition

Crnter .••....••.•..• page 9

1966 Arrhitectllra/
Awards 0/ Excellfllce .. page 3
3 Oprll Tnlsscs Frallle
Circl/lar Clwrch ...... flage 16
 MODERN STEEL
CONSTRUCTION
Published by VOLUME VI NUMBER 3 THIRD QUARTER 1966
...
American Institute
of Steel Construction
CONTENTS
101 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10017

1966 Architectural Awards of Excellence 3

Steel for a School in the Round 7
OFFICERS Tu lsa Exposition Center 9
J. Philip Murphy, President Can Long-Span Girders Lower Taxes? 14
Eugene J. Pidgeon, First Vice President Open Trusses Frame Circular Church 16
Edwin H. Webster, Second Vice President
William R. Jackson, Treasurer
John K. Edmonds, AISC STRUCTURAL. STEEL. DETAIL.INQ-
Executive Vice President
A NEW TEXTBOOK
Leslie H. Gillette,
Assistant Executive Vice President A new one-volume textbook "Structuta! Steel Detail-
M. Harvey Smedley, ing" is being published by A l SC and will be avai14ble
Counsel and Secretary
about October 91 of this year. The textbook reflects the
many technological changes and advancements that have
EDITORIAL STAFF
Daniel Farb, Editor
Olindo Grossi, FAIA, Architectural Editor
taken 1Jlace in the structuta! steel fabricating indust1'y in
recent years,
Using numerOllS design examples, the textbook is an
updated p1'esentation of the material formerly included in
Volumes 1 and 2 of the previous three-volume textbook
..
REGIONAL OFFICES "Structura! Shop Drafting", published by AISC between
Atlanta, Georgia 1950 and 1955.
Birmingham, Alabama
Boston, Massachusetts The text is cross-1'eferenced to the principal six Parts
Chicago, Illinois
Cleveland, Ohio
of the 6th Edition "Manual of Steel Construction" and
Columbus, Ohio keyed to the latest AISC "Specification for the Design,
Dallas, Texas Fabrication and Erection of Stl'1lctuml Steel for Build-
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan ings" adopted April 17, 1963.
Charlotte, North Carolina
Hartford, Connecticut Although it is written 1Jrima1'ily as a tel·tbook for the
Houston, Texas tmining of strllctural steel detai/ers, some of the mOl'e
Los Angeles, California
Memphis, Tennessee
complicated phases of detailing will be of intC)'est to engi-
Mi Iwaukee, Wisconsin neel'S, deSigners and others desiring a knowledge of 15
Minneapolis, Minnesota years progress of the indllsi>·y.
New York, New York
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Printing of the l/OW obsolete Volumes 1 and 2 of "Stn,c-
Omaha, Nebraska
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania tural Shop Draftinr/' has been discontinued and their dis-
Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania triblltion will end when the present supply is exhausted.
St. Louis, Missouri
San Francisco, California The price of the new teytbook is $10.00 per copy. Orders

•
Seattle, Washington should be directed to American Institute of Steel Constn,c-
Syracuse, New York
Washington, District of Columbia tion, Inc., 101 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y., 10017.
 1966
Architectural
Each year since 1960, the American
Institute of Steel Construction has con- Awards of
ducted an annual competition to recog-
nize and honor outstanding architectural
design in structural steel and to encour-
Excellence
age architects to explore the many aes-
thetic possibilities inherent in steel
construction.
This year, a distinguished jury of five
architects and engineers named four
buildings for the Architectural Award of
Excellence and three buildings for the
Architectural Award of Merit.
The 1966 Jury of Awards included:
Lawrence B. Anderson, FAIA, Ander-
son, Beckwith & Haible, Dean, School
of Architecture & Planning, Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Mass.

• Mario J.Ciampi, FAIA, Mario J.Ciampi

Architect & Associates, San Fran-
cisco, Calif.
Charles M. Nes, Jr., FAIA, President,
American Institute of Architects,
Fisher, Nes, Campbell & Partners,
Baltimore, Md.
John C. Portman, Jr., AlA, Edwards &
Portman, Architects & Engineers,
Atlanta, Ga.
Dr. Lev Zetlin, FASCE, Lev Zetlin & As-
sociates, Consulting Engineers, New
York, N. Y.
The jury was particularly seeking the
utilization of structural steel for its
maximum architectural potential, and
the award winning buildings were
chosen as outstanding examples of aes-
thetic leadership and direction. In sum-
ming up their reactions, the jurors noted
that to an increasing degree aesthetics
are playing an important role in the de-
sign of buildings of monumental size
as well as in the smaller and more deli- AWARD OF EXCELLENCE
cately detailed structures being built Chicago Civic Center. ChicIKO, III.
Architect : Chicago Civic Center Architects
across the country. C. F. Murphy Associates (Supervising)
Exterior design which clearly ex- Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and

•
presses the structure of the building Loebl, Schlossmar t Bennett & Dart (Associates)
was one of the architectural concepts
favorably viewed by the jury. An out-
standing example of this type of archi-
tectural expression is one of the fea-

THIRD QUARTER 1966

.
 AWARD OF EXCELLENCE
Equitable Building, Chicago, III.
Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
tures of the impressive Chicago Civic
Center, designed by Chicago Civic Cen-
ter Architects (C. F. Murphy Associates,
Supervising Architects; Skidmore, Ow-
ings & Merrill and Loebl, Schlossman,
Bennett & Dart, Associate Architects).
•
Since all of the structural elements
were required to be fireproofed, the
architects decided to cover them with
a steel cladding, to express the steel
within. For the cladding material they
chose a corrosion-resistant high-
strength, low-alloy steel, which allowed
painting to be omitted and will give
the building a handsome russet finish.
Frames for the floor-to-ceiling windows
were special shapes rolled from the cor-
rosion-resistant steel. Interior columns
were eliminated to give greater flexi-
bility in accommodating the large court-
rooms. The enormous clear spans that
resulted were bridged with open steel
trusses 5 11-4 in. deep and 87 11-0 in.
long, which permitted all ductwork to
pass through them. The Chicago Civic
Center demonstrates once again that a

•
simple, direct solution to problems can
result in forceful architecture.
The Inland Steel Products Company
building, Milwaukee, Wisc., designed by
William P. Wenzler and Associates,
Brookfield, Wisc., in association with
The Engineers Collaborative, Ltd. of
Chicago, is an outstanding example of
imaginative industrial architecture. The
building is designed to allow for effi-
cient fabrication and handling of a prod-
uct up to 75 II in length. The architec-
tural treatment conveys the simple or-
derliness and harmony inherent in that
AWARD OF EXCELLENCE product, with a humanism that reflects
Inland Steel Products Company, Calumet Road Plant, Milwaukee, Wise.
Architect: William P. Wenzler, in association with
the management-labor and human dig-
The Engineers Collaborative, Ltd nity philosophy of the company. One of
the primary concerns, aside from plant
layout, was the need for adequate, glare-
free I ight and positive venti lation. I n the
architectural solution, reflected and
subdued light is admitted through cler-
estories and through glare-reducing
glass behind sunshades. Mechanical
ventilation is aided by the natural grav-
ity action of grilles at the floor and ceil-
ing and in the clerestory. Structural steel
trusses and fold-out joists and deck

•
sections form the entire roof area.
AWARD OF EXCELLENCE An unusual award winner is the Birm-
Birmingham·Bloomfield Bank, Wixom Branch, Wixom, Mich. ingham-Bloomfield Bank - Wixom
Architect: Ziegelman and Ziegelman
Branch, Wixom, Mich., designed by ar-
chitects Ziegelman and Ziegelman,

MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION

• Birmingham, Mich. The building was de-
signed to provide an interim facility until
permanent construction could be com-
pleted. It had to be inexpensive, mobile,
adaptable to any site condition, and
able to attract the public. It was also re-
quired that the building be reuseable at
another site. The solution was a prefab-
ricated structure based on a modular . ..... .... -- - -- - ""'.
system. All panels and glass are inter-
~~-
changeable to fit any site condition. The
rigid steel frame enables the building to
be lifted with all glass and panels in
place, and all interior finishes complete.
It can be shipped to another site by truck
or railroad, ready for immediate reuse.
The well-planned relationship to its
site and the older buildings around it is
one of the architectural features which
impressed the jurors in granting an AWARD OF MERIT
award to the Equitable Building in Chi- Atlanta Stadium, Atlanta, Ga.
Architect: Heery and Heery •
cago, III. The building is clad in bronze- Finch, Alexander, Barnes.
colored aluminum, granite and glass to Rothschild and Paschal
reflect its rigid metallic structure and Associated Architects
and Engineers
provide a strong but quiet solution com-
patible with its environment. A contin-
uous welded orthotropic steel structural

•
system with composite floor construc-
tion was selected as a means of obtain-
ing the greatest number of floors (with
a minimum floor-to-floor height) within
the height limitation permitted and with -
out sacrificing normal tenant ceiling
height requirements. The perimeter
zones of the building are air-conditioned,
using a vertically fed system with supply
ducts integrated into the column struc-
ture. Piping is incorporated into the
mullion structure. This permitted the
use of low floor-to-floor heights which
resulted from the structural solution.
The shape of the exterior columns re-
sults from the integration of the me-
AWARD OF MERIT
chanical system into the structure. State Street Bank Building, Boston, Mass.
In addition to these four buildings Architect: Pearl Street Associates
which received Architectural Awards of (A Joint Venture)
F. A. Stahl & Associates
Excellence, the following buildings were Hugh Stubbins & Associates
selected for Awards of Merit: Wm . J. LeMessurier Associates
The Atlanta Stadium, Atlanta, Ga.
Heery and Heery • Finch, Alexander,
Barnes, Rothschild and Paschal -
Associated Architects; State Street Bank AWARD OF MERIT
First Federal Building, DetrOit, Mich.
Building, Boston, Mass., designed by Architect: Smith. Hinchman &
Pearl Street Associates (a joint venture Grylls Associates

•
of F. A. Stahl & Associates, Hugh Stub-
bins & Associates, and William J. Le-
Messurier Associates); First Federal
Building, Detroit, Mich., Smith, Hinch-
man & Grylls Associates, Architects.

TH I RD QUARTER 1966 5
 •
,

/ I,.
L
6 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION
 "
tTl

I.

STEEL FOR A SCHOOL

IN THE ROUND

Twenty years ago, a steel-framed

school lIin the round" would have been
as rare as a 75-carat diamond. Today,
this shape is among the most popular,
and for some sensible reasons. Prin-
cipal among them is the capacity of the
circle to provide more usable interior
space.
John F. Lipaj Associates, architects
for the Arli ngton Elementary School in
Parma, Ohio, have succeeded in squeez-
ing out what is probably very close to the
ultimate in usable classroom space.
They've done it by eliminating connect-
ing corridors between classrooms. The
classrooms are arranged in two con-
centric rings. Each classroom can be
reached directly through an outside
doorj each has a toilet room, work sink,
wardrobe area and storage cabinets.
In all, there are 20 classrooms, two
kindergartens, offices, a library, and
a high-ceilinged mUlti-purpose room.
Considered together, these rooms
amount to slightly over 37,000 Sq ft.
Total cost was $629,882, which works
out to a moderate $16.93 per sq ft, or
$954.36 per pupil.
Steel was a factor in keeping the
costs down. The architects comment, "a
steel skeleton system comprised of WF
beams, tubular columns, bar joists and
a steel deck was selected for reasons of
economy, erection speed during bad
weather (which also saved money), and
design flexibility." They added that free-

•
dom to design the kind of structure they
wanted - within the budget given them
- was made possible in large part by
the full, widely-varied supply of stock
steel components available locally.

TH I RD QUARTER 1966 7
 •
..-
, .
.\
. .......
~ ,.

The main assembly or multi-purpose

room in the school is used to serve
lunch (to 300 students at one sitting). In
addition, the room features a portable
stage and a built-in sound system. with
space for 500 folding chairs.
The roof joists are sloped within the
wide porcelain steel sculptured fascia
to permit roof water drainage toward the
inner court. A suspended ceiling of
acoustical tile covers all the interior
ceilings, and asphalt tile covers most
of the floors. The exterior walls are pan-
eled in aluminum and glass, with por- •
celain steel accent panels, and a six-ft
overhang protects the windows from
direct sun and rain.
The architects, John F. lipaj Associ-
ates, are based in Cleveland, Ohio, as
are the structural engineer, R. M. Gen-
sert Associates, and the steel fabricator.
Republic Structural Iron Works. General
contractor on the job was Dileno Con-
struction Co., South Eucl id, Oh io.

--' --.... .

•
8 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION
•
TULSA
EXPOSITION
CENTER
•
by David R. Graham, F. ASCE
and Bert E. Griffin, AlA"
In spite of our combined years of ex-
perience, we are occasionally brought
up short by the thought that we were
responsible for designing the largest
unobstructed inside exhibit space in the
world.
There are over 10 acres in all under-
neath the roof of the Tulsa Exposition
Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and approxi-
mately 8.4 acres of this space is with-
out a single post or pillar. In public rela-
tions terminology, there is space inside
for seven regulation football fields (in-
cluding the end zones), and enough

·Mr. Graham and Mr. Griffin are principals

in the engineering and architectural firm

• of David R. Graham and Associates, Inc.,

Tulsa, Oklahoma.

THIRD QUARTER 1966

 TULSA EXPOSITION CENTER
Torsionally stiff box girders,
cable-suspended from tapered
steel masts, frame the floating
roof of the Tulsa Ex positio n
Center. Note 12-ft drop in floor
area to accommodate large ;I.'
1% "It.. •
S>." 12
exhibi ts and provide a "ba lcony" v' 0
z
for visitors. i- !• -~
•
..; •
~
f6. "~
80" GI~r

SoK CoIUIM «A"t~

152'-0
20t-o

roof left over for the bench-warmers to functio nal goals - to provide the re- frame, giVing a visual concept of th e
run through some practice plays. quired column-less space and height ease with wh ich the steel skeleton
Why so big? For practical reasons.
The building's first purpose is to house
an immense oil trade show featuring
more than a billion dollars worth of
equipment, from microminiature instru-
ments to mammoth deep-sea oil drill-
ing rigs. This gigantic exposition is held
(for exhibiting tall oil rigs) and the
proper environmental conditions on a
limited budget.
From its original concept, the archi-
tectural form was planned to clearly de-
monstrate the structural form and clear
spans, as viewed from outside or inside
spans the space.
The 3,500 tons of A36 structural
steel literally floats in space as part of
a cable suspension system which finally
supports the marble-chip, white roof.
The combination of box-section, welded
steel columns and beams, and the pre-
•
once every several years. At other times, the building. stretched, bridge-type cables are the
the building will be used for the Tulsa This form dictated the use of struc- heart of the structural system for the
Fair, and for many other industrial trade tural steel for lightness in fact, and for Center.
shows. the sake of appearance. All the main The cables are attached with clevis
Before this building went up, expo- framing is fabricated in box sections fittings to the tops of the masts, and
sitions were held on approximately the which provide enough stiffness to prac- connect from there to the main beams
same grounds in a cluttered collection tically eliminate extraneous bracing, and outside columns, again with clevis
of shelters, sheds and shacks. Clearing and allowed us freedom to vary the fittings. The mast was designed as a sep-
the grounds of these assorted structures depth of sections to achieve maximum arate column, having its top loaded by
and collecting the shows under one roof economy of weight. cable, but supported in only one direc-
constituted one of the motivating forces These box section members aren't tion. This means it would have no ex-
for designing and building the new cen- fabricated in the usual perfect box traneously-introduced bending from de-
ter. Since this was a city project, Tul- shape, but have an overhanging flange flection of the main beam. To assure
sans had to vote on a big bond issue to at each corner. The flange produces a this, both in theory and in practice, the
get it going. We think it's interesting to shadowline effect that becomes a part main beam extends through a slot in the
note that the project inspired such con- of the architectural form, and provided column, and is connected to the column
fidence and enthusiasm, the vote soared a clamping base for fixtures during weld- with a round pin. Thus, only perfectly
to a 70 per cent majority in favor of the ing operations. The flange also carries axial loads are introduced into the mast
issue - a near record for a public refer- the purl ins, thus eliminating the cost by the beam.
endum, especially one that calls for of clips and attachment plates. We think it's worthwhile noting that

•
spending money. Detailing at the intersections and none of the clevis fittings have a pro-
Our architectural goals - to produce connections along the saw-tooth eave vision for length adjustment. The high
a dramatic, landmark structure which line was done to break the building degree of accuracy specified and
would memorably impress exhibitor and length into refreshing rhythm, as well as achieved in fabrication of the structure
visitor alike - blended nicely with our to expose the diagonal bracing at each and manufacture of the fixed-length

10 MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION

 2- \ V1• cobl"

12
~2

o
-~

202"0
4"0 lac. to foCi of CoiLlmnl

•
THIRD QUARTER 1966 11
cables - all of which permitted erection equipment using low carbon steel wire bold, bright colors, provide an open,
of the structure without adjustment - electrodes. Field welding was performed festive, fair-like design, very much in
is, we feel, a tribute to modern structural with shielded arc electrodes of varying keeping with the modern facilities else-
steel fabrication methods. compositions. where on the fairground. These contrast-

•
The main frames are free to move The side and end walls of the struc- ing colors also emphasize the equilib-
vertically at the center of the building, ture are a combination of steel framing, rium of a structural system in coactive
but a sliding arrangement is provided to laminated porcelain steel insulated tension and compression.
prevent differential vertical movement panels, specially-designed lightweight The main public entrance is located
between the frame ends. The main concrete block, and glass. End walls are at mid-point along the side of the upper
beams are connected at the center, completely free-standing, in order to floor level. The entrance canopy, in
under the ridge, by hydraulic dampers, permit vertical movement in the main keeping with the design concept, jets
the movement of which is restricted in frames. And the side walls are attached out from the structure 45 ft, and is 90
one direction. Thus the roof can breathe in such a way as to allow for expansion ft wide. By sloping away from the eave
under wind loads without sustaining and contraction. The side walls also line and tapering toward the entrance,
rhythmic motion. contain large bi-parting doors to provide the canopy focuses attention on the
The masts bear on concrete piers access for large vehicles carrying in ex- entrance. An elaborate underfloor dis-
placed in drilled holes extended into a hibit equipment. tribution system of electric power, water,
plateau of solid sandstone which occurs One-third of the floor area in the gas, drains, compressed air, and tele-
approximately 12 ft below grade. The building is 12 ft lower than the balance. phone lines is provided in all areas of
exterior columns, sustaining vertical up- The offset makes space for setting up the building.
lift loads, also rise from cast-in-place unusually large exhibits, and also pro- As an illustration of the ground-
concrete piers, and are attached to them vides a "balcony" on the upper level breaking aspects of this project, we have
with prestressed tendons extending from which visitors will be able to view applied for several patents on new
from the column base plate to the pier these exhibits more easily. Clear height design innovations which had to be de-
bottom. These steel tendons anchor at the center of the building on the main veloped before the center became a
the column to the pier, and assist in floor is 50 ft, and in the offset section, reality. Tulsans seem to be quite satis-
maintaining uniform shearing stresses 62 ft. A railroad spur on the site termi- fied with their new Exposition Center,
throughout the pier length. nates at the building. Eave heights were and, to be perfectly candid, we feel the
Some 100,000 pounds of welding designed to permit future entry of the building has fulfilled our goals beyond
electrodes were used in the project. track into the building, if this ever any original expectations.
Most of this went into machine welding proves desirable.
Architect, Bert E. Griffin, AlA, Tulsl, Oklahoma

•
the box sections - a cost of small pro- All principal structural members are Structural En,'neer: David R Graham and Associates,
portions when weighed against the struc- painted a red-orange. The steel wall Inc., Tulsa, Oklahom.
tural advantages of the box section framing is blue, blending with pale yel· Gener" Contractors: Cowen Construction, Inc" Shawnee,
Oklahoma;
members. Shop welding was accom- low panels and gray masonry. As men- Oyer Construction Co., Tulsa, Oklahoma
plished with tandem submerged arc tioned earl ier, the roof is wh ite. These Steel Fabricator: Flint Steel Corp .• Tulsa, Oklahoma

MODERN STEEL CONSTRUCTION

,D
D
.)
'1
,~

• •

TH I RD QUARTER 1966 13
CAN
LONG·SPAN GIRDERS
LOWER TAXES?
_ J....

Column Detail
•
 Steel long span girders are helping
to playa part in lowering federal spend-
ing. For example, consider the case of

• the new 18·story Federal Building in

Kansas City, Missouri, dedicated April
22,1966.
By moving a variety of federal agen-
cies, formerly scattered throughout the
city, into this one building, the U.S.
Government will save a considerable
sum in rents over the years. Moreover,
because the girders permit maximum
flexibility in the arrangement of office
space, changes in agency size and num-
bers of agencies can be made inexpens-
ively. The building will house approxi-
mately 5,000 government employees.
11111
Built-up girders run on 20 ft centers
through the thickness of the high·rise
portion of the building. They are
haunched, welded sections with suffi-
cient depth at the columns to resist wind
forces, and enough clear space at mid-
span for ductwork. The girders clear bays
of 36 ft, 42 ft and 36 ft, respectively.
Columns are generally rolled, wide-
flange shapes. A few welded H-sections
are used in heavily loaded lower floor •
areas. All connections in the ma in fram-
ing were field welded.

•
Filler beams between the girders are
primarily 14WF30 members. On the per- There are three reasons for the off- Center, the master plan in which the
imeter, and where extra strength was re- sets at either end of the building. First, Federal Office Building plays a major
quired, the designers used 18WF50 the shape conforms to the functional role. It also allows for extensive land·
filler beams. Connections for these requirement for corridor windows, and scaping around the structure.
beams and columns were made with assists in shading them. Second, the Architects for the project included
high'strength bolts. The structural frame space is utilized for stairways, toilets, Voskamp and Slezak, Everitt and Keleti,
utilized about 8,700 tons of A36 steel ductwork and wiring closets. Finally, and Radotinsky-Meyn·Deardorff, all of
and 1,300 tons of A441 steel. from an architectural standpoint, the Kansas City, Mo. Consulting architect
The $26 million structure contains a offsets break up what could have been was Harris Armstrong, AlA, St. Louis,
gross area of 1.250,000 sq ft, and a net a rather ordinary uslab" look. Mo. Structural engineer was Howard,
area of 800,000 sq ft. The typical floor Only 31 percent of the site is covered Needles, Tammen & Bergendoff, of Kan·
conta ins 48,500 sq ft. The long faces by the building. The structure is set sas City, Mo., while the general contrac-
of the building are paneled, checker- back from the streets for distances of tors were Frank Briscoe Co., Inc. and
board fashion, with aluminum and glass, 100 ft, 45 ft, 55 ft and 75 ft. This helps Huber, Hunt, Nichol s, Inc., of Newark,
wh ile the end walls are covered with establish the openness which is an in- N. J. Steel fabricator was Kansas City
variagated brown marble. tegral part of the Kansas City Civic Structural Steel Co., Kansas City, Kansas.

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Girder Details
THIRD QUARTER 1966 15
 •
OPEN
TRUSSES
FRAME
CIRCULAR
CHURCH

An open-web steel truss framing a were chosen for their superior combina- deep section of 6-in. diameter steel pipe
church? And why not? This is the Uni- tion of strength-to-weight and for the with decagon-shaped, "2-in. thick steel
tarian Church of Lexington, Lexington, chance to speed erection time. plates, top and bottom. All steel mem-
Kentucky. Says its designer, architect Each of the 10 trusses is formed with bers arrived on the job with a prime •
Herb Greene, a member of the school of tubular steel sections. The upper chords coat of zinc·chromate paint, and when
architecture at the University of Ken - are 4 in. x 2 in. x 1f4 in .. while the lower erected, all exposed sections were hand-
tucky, "The open-web steel was selected, chords are 4 in . x 2 in. x 516 in. painted white.
among other reasons, because it blocked The lower ends of the trusses were Referring to the trusses, architect
the view least from the low glass win- bolted through a I.-in. setting plate to Greene comments, "the combination of
dows separating the roof wall from the a reinforced concrete pier. The upper structure and pattern was germane to
upper floor. This view of the lovely open ends were field welded to the ends of the total architectural concept." By fill-
field of blue grass is consistent with the 12B16.4 members, used to maintain a ing in with wood framing, siding and
congregation 's interest in working with 12-in. depth to carry ceiling joists evenly. sheathing and concrete block, the archi-
the world at hand, rather than aspiring These bridging members were, in turn, tect was able to keep the cost down to
now to the heavens." field welded to a compression ring that $13.50/ sq ft, and still come up with a
Functionally, the rigid·frame trusses resembles a cable spindle: an II-in. striking expression of the congrega -
tion's requirements, which Greene ex-
plains:
"The round form resu Ited from a pro-
gram calling for church services for a
maximum of 275 people in space that
will also be used for theater-in-the-
round productions, square dances, mu·
sicales and meetings. The shape also
produced good spaces on the lower level
for a board room, library, offices and
classrooms. The flat roof was felt to be
appropriate to the theology expressed
in the Unitarian Church ."
Structural engineer for the project
was J. Palmer Boggs, Norman, Okla- •
homa, and the general contractor was
Owen Construction Co., Lexington,
Kentucky.