CHAPTER ONE
1.1 COFFEE GRINDING MACHINE
Grinding machine is the machine that convert the beans ground in to the fineness. The process is
also known as milling.
The fineness of the grind strongly affects brewing and the fineness of the grind also depend on
the operating machine. Again the operating machine can be formed or produced by different
operation. Coffee grinder generally divided as burr-grinding, chopping, pounding and roller
grinding.
The problem in our community is that they use the grinder which is manufactured traditionally
and operate manually. It take time and require more energy to grind and it need complete
accuracy. So modern grinding machine simplify this process by reducing the time required,
energy and increasing the accuracy of finned beans. The other thing in our community is that
there is no sufficient grinding machine in our community because of it is so cost or not friendly
with the environment.
Energy flow in grinding machine is mostly used electrical energy as a source for modern
grinding machine and wood for traditional one. Then transfer to grinding to surrounding.
The material flow in our country known a mass flow. Some time we use simple material and
from very important machine or the machine that has good efficiency so material flow is very
important in machining of designed product. Coffee grinding machine we will try to design is to
general one that may be in use or not. By using morphological chart.
Function Option one Option two Option three
Signal receiver manually electrically
Blade/rotator/ mechanically electrically manually
Fine/powder/ control electrically manually Volume/mass
Stopper manually sensor mechanically
Pack manually electrically electromechanically
Sifter manually mechanically vibration
When we combine individual concept in to complete conceptual design, we get other many
design. Some of which are existing solution, some of which are new solution and some usually a
great number are impossible solution.
Signal receiver: -is first step used to differentiate the coffee signal in to standards one
or as used by the grinding machine
Blade or rotator: - is rotating material supported by gear or other mechanical rotator.
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Fine/powder/: - control the powder of coffee to the wanted stage.
Stop: -is the mechanism that used to switch the operation.
Pack: -after the fine is grind it must be packed to distribute.
1.2 Sample design from morphological chart
Signal receiver ………. Manually
Blade/rotator/…………. electrically first single selected single
Fine/powder control/……electrical
Stop…………………… sensor
Pack…………………… manually
Sifter……………………vibration
Signal receiver………………. Electrically
Blade/rotator/………………... gear second single design
Fine/powder/……………….... volume/mass
Stop…………………………… manually
Sifter…………………………. Manually
Signal design…………………… manually 3rd single
Blade/rotator/……………………electrically design
Fine/powder/……………………. Mechanically
Sifter………………………………vibration
Stop…………………………….... manually
Pack………………………………electric and mechanically
By following this formats we can design many functional design that may be in use or new
solution or totally impossible to manufacture.
During the manufacture of single design we have to consider economical environmental, fancy
and others. So as it is familiar to the comminute. Actually when we choose suitable design we
have to know the requirement of the design by comminute and we have to collect any kind of
their question or by asking a set of structural question. We considered mainly on the existing
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machines. Their deficiency. How we can improve it and the likes beside to the environmental
and economy aspect.
Generally this design is vary vast operation and has iteration through which we can get modified
design that will operate very well. help and solve the current problems
1.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE
The working principle of coffee grinder machine is starts from the input power from motor or
generator which is directly connected to main shaft of grinder and it rotate. This rotation is
supported by the belt that connect the shaft and motor. So that the energy is from motor through
belt to shaft. When shaft rotate the blade exist/fastened/ on it is starts rotation. the rotation of
blade is exposed to coffee beans. the blade is rotated by high speed so as to grind the coffee
beans. The coffee powder is then filtered by filter/sifter/ then to powder container.
1.4 POWER TRANSMISSION
MOTOR MOTAR SHAFT BELT BLADE SHAFT
BLADE SHAFT GRINDING
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CHAPTER TWO
2.1 BRAINSTORMING SESSION
Brainstorming help us to generate large quantities of ideas. We tried to collect question from
different people. we considered all type of questions. No criticism of idea during this session.
Because wild silly and crazy idea are possible. The collected questions on the coffee is as follow.
a) How can we improve the present coffee grinder machine?
Answer: we tried to improve the present product to the more usable, funcitionaland
modernized product
b) By what method we can control speed of the blade?
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Answer: speed of the blade is relate to the input power. The power transferred to shaft
is not directly used as it is. we control the speed by controller
c) How can we improve quality of grinding machine?
Answer: the quality of grinding machine is improved by considering all over it
starting from power input to material we used to produce it
d) How can we improve the tool life?
Answer: the tool life depends on the function grinding machine and safety of the user
to the machine. So to improve tool life of grinding machine. We have focus on
selection of material or selecting the material that match with the machine during
production. Good handling of the machine takes high place in tool life of the grinding
machine
e) How can we control the fineness of the beans?
Answer: fineness of the beans can be controlled by manually, electrically or sensor
and the like. We can use manually but this one require highly educated person
f) Can we get maintain locally?
Answer: as much as possible the produced machine should be maintained locally. We
use the material that we can get around us during production
g) Can the machine assemble and disassemble simply?
Answer: we don’t design the machine that is simply assembled and disassembled
because it may produce shock or distraction to material. but the machine is operated
technically
h) Does the community need it?
Answer: in our country the usage of this machine is not well distributed. Majority is
use the traditional one which takes time and more energy.so that our big objective is
to introduce the newly machine that not consume more energy and time
i) At one how much it will grind?
Answer: it depends on the design of the receiver part. If we want to increase the
amount of coffee beans we need to increase the receiver and vise versa.
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CHAPTER THREE
3.1 DESIGN OF SHAFT
SHAFT:
shaft is rotating machine element which used to transmit power from one
place to an other
The power is delivered to the shaft by some tangential force and the resultant
torque (or twisting moment) set up within the shaft permits the power to be
transferred to various machines linked up to the shaft.
Material used for ordinary shaft is carbon steel and it has the following
property
σ t=700 MPa
σ y =350MPa
τ y =σ y /n =where n=5
τ y =350/5 =70MPa
700 MPa
σ t ¿ 0.36∗σ u =σ u= =1944.4 MPa
0.36
700 MPa
σ t=0.6∗σ el=σ el =σ t /0.6= =1166.6 MPa
0.6 ❑
We selected this carbon steel because of it has
a) High strength
b) Good machinability
c) Low notch sensitivity
d) Good heat treatment
e) High wear resistance
The shafts may be designed on the basis of
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DESIGN OF SHAFT ON THE BASIS OF STRENGH
π
T= ∗τ∗d 3s … … … … … … … … … . assume that T =50 KNmm
16
16∗50∗103
ds=
√
3
π∗70
=15 mm
Our shaft is driven by belt so that
T =( T 1−T 2) R … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …. T 1∧T 2 are tention∈the slack
¿ tight side
T1
2.3log =μθ … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (2)
T2
The value of μ can calculated as
−42.6 m
μ=¿ 0.54 =the standerd belt speed is 20
152.6+v s
42.6
¿ 0.54− =0.29
152.6+20
In order to get the value of θ we have to design the belt. The belt in our design is open belt that
connect the rotating shaft to the motor
x
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π d1 N 1
Where v1 = π d1 N 2 N d
❑
∧v 2= by computing this we get 1 = 2
60 60 N 2 d1
Velocity ratio when there is no slip. the length of the belt
L=π ( r 1 +r 2 ) +2 x+ ¿
3.2 POWER TRANISMISSION
T =( T 1−T 2) R
r 1−r 2
sinα= … … … … … … … … … … … … … assume the diameter of motor is30 mm so that radius r 1=15 mm∧r 2=
x
( 15−7.5 )
sinα= ….. α =8.68 °
50
( 180−2∗α )∗π ( 180−2∗π 8.64 )∗π
θ= = =2.84 °
180 180
From the above we can find tensions
T1 T1
2.3log =μ∗θ=0.29∗0.05 , =1.105 ,T 1=1.05∗T 2 … …… … …… …… ……(a)¿
T2 T2 ¿
T =( T 1−T 2) R 50 KNmm=( T 1−T 2 ) 0.3 T 1−T 2=154.67 KNmm … … … … …(b)
From the above equation a & b
154.67
1.015T 1−T 2 =154.67T 2= =10.3∗103 KNmm
0.015
The length of the belt can be
L=π ( r 1 +r 2 ) +2 x+ ¿ ¿
( 15−7.5 )2
=π (15+ 7.5 ) +2∗50+ =400 mm
50
DESIGN OF SHAFT ON THE BASIS OF BENDING MOMENT
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π π
M= ∗σ b∗d 2s = ∗700 MPa∗153 =231.82 KNmm
32 32
DESIGN OF SHAFT ON THE BASIS OF FLUCTUATION LOAD
Standard(recommended value of k m∧k t for rotating shaft gradually applied load =1
If the shaft is subjected to combined bending and torsion of equivalent twisting moment is
T eq= √¿ ¿=236.4 KNmm
1 1
M eq = ∗( k m∗M + √ T eq ) = ∗( 1∗231.82+ √ 236.6 )= 123.4KNmm
2 2
DESIGN OF SHAFT ON THE BASIS OF COMBINED TWISTING AND BENDING
1 1
τ max= = =356.9 KNmm
2 √ σ +4 τ 2 √ 700 +4∗702
2 2 2
b
3.3 DESIGN OF SIFTER
The sifter is made from cold drawn wire in order to have increase its strength and durability.
The diameter of the wire is very small the force or load applied on it is almost negligible
3.4DESIGN OF BLADE
Blade is rotating element that is fasten on the shaft
Fc
dr
F C + d Fc
there are many force applied to the blade of the shaft during rotation.
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a. Center fugal force
m v2
F= … … .. where v=wr
2
F C =−m w2 r
Consider the blade rotating about an axis ‘o’ as shown above at length of d r , at radius of
r , rotational speed w∧force d fc ( elementry centerfugal load )
m
d fc =−w2∗d m∗r … … where ρ= … … . m=ρv= ρAl
v
d m =ρm A d r
d fc =−w2∗r∗ρm∗A∗d r
d fc dσ
=−w2∗r∗d r = c
ρmA ρm
b. The weight of the coffee
w=mg … … .. assume the mass of the coffee is 50 g
=0.05kg∗9.81 ( ms )=0.49 N
In order to resist the rotation and any other applied load the blade is made from high speed steel
(HSS).
3.5 DESIGN OF BOLT
Let load exerted is 2000N tatanϕ=0.2, σ t=100 N /mm2 , p=2
π π N
W = ∗d2c∗σ t =2000 N= ∗d 2c∗100 =d c =5 mm
4 4 mm2
Outer diameter of the bolt is
d o =d c + p=5 mm+2 mm=7 mm
Mean diameter of the bold
10
p 2
d=d o− =7 mm− =6 mm
2 2
p 2
tanα= = =0.106
πd π∗6
The force required to rotate bolt is
tanα +tanϕ 0.106+0.2
p=w1 {1−tanαtanϕ }=2000 {1−0.106∗0.2 }=625.25 N
The torque required to rotate the bolt
p∗d N∗6 mm
T= =625.25 =1875.7 Nmm
2 2
Shear in bolt
16 T 16∗1875.7
τ= 3
= 3
=70.4 N /mm2
π∗d c π∗5
3.6 DESIGN OF NUT
Assume the permissible pressure between housing and grinder nut is 0.5KPa and the load is 2
KN , ,σ t=100 N /mm2
To determine the number of thread
Let n = Number of threads in contact with the bolt (i.e. square threaded rod). Assuming that the
load W1 is distributed uniformly over the cross-sectional area of the nut, therefore bearing
pressure between the threads
W
P b=
π
{( ) (
4 }
∗ d 2−d2c ) ∗n
w1 2000
500=¿ t
P= π π *n} n=0.5 … say 2∈order ¿ have goodstablity
{
4
∗( d 2o −d 2c )∗n } { 2 )
2
4 ( 7 −5 )
Thickness pf the nut
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¿ n∗p2∗2=4 mm
The width of the nut is taken as 1.5d 0=1.5∗7=10.5 mm
DESIGN SUMMERY
Design for shaft
Carbon steel
σ y =350 MPa
σ u =1944.4 MPa
σ t=700 MPa
τ y =70 MPa
D=150 mm
l=550 mm
Design of receiver
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t=4 mm
h=600 mm
D=400 mm
Design of belt
l=400 mm
t=5 mm
Design of powder container
D=300 mm
t=4 mm
h=200 mm
Design of bolt
d o =7 mm
d c =5 mm
d=6 mm
τ =70.4 MPa
T =1875.7 Nmm
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Design of nut
w=10.5 mm
t=4 mm
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