A.
Tenses
The concept of TENSES in English is a method that we use to refer to TIME (past,
present, and future) and ASPECT (the action/verbs).
These are the following tenses-formed:
Present
Present Simple
He is
Continuous
Past Tense
He has
Present Perfect
He runs He ran
Running run
Present Future (1) He is
Present Future
Past Continuous Past Perfect
He will (2) He was He had
going to
run running run
run
The TIME in Tenses:
Always Present
Present
Often Present
Continuou
Now Past Tense
Yesterday
Simple
Every__ Perfect
Already
At s
that Last ____
Seldom Yet (negative)
momet ____ ago
Sometimes
Once ___
_____
Present
Tomorrow Present Past
The same When_____ Past Perfect
Future
In the(1) Future (2) Continuous Before
but in exact
future After
plan ______
Next ____ while ____
The ASPECT in Tenses is related to VERB TENSE:
1. Present Simple
a) Menggunakan Present Simple untuk menggambarkan aktivitas secara umum
dan selalu benar
Example: People need food
a) Menggunakan Present Simple untuk situasi yang kita anggap sudah tetap dan
tidak berubah
Example: I like pecel
b) Menggunakan Present Simple untuk menggambarkan kebiasaan sehari-hari
Example: She swims every Saturday
c) Menggunakan Present Simple untuk menggambarkan kejadian singkat,
misalnya dalam mengkomentari aktivitas olah raga atau demonstrasi
Example: He kicks the ball and scores
d) Menggunakan Present Simple untuk mengungkapkan jadwal atau
perencanaan yg sudah dipastikan
Example: The movie starts at seven tomorrow night
Simple Present formed-aspect:
( + ) You buy a book
( - ) You do not buy a book
( ? ) Do you buy a book?
( + ) She buys a book Verb “-s” is determined by
( - ) She does not buy a book subject pronoun: HE, SHE,
( ? ) Does she buy a book? IT, TOM, MY SISTER, Mrs.
BUDI, MY TEACHER, etc.
2. Present Continuous
a) Menggunakan Present Continuous untuk sesuatu yang terjadi di saat sesuatu
tersebut sedang terjadi
e) Menggunakan Present Continuous untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yg terjadi
di masa yang akan datang sesuai perencanaan
Present Continuous formed-aspect:
Verb “-ing” is determined
by the exeistence of “TO
( + ) You are eating banana
BE” and subject pronoun:
( - ) You are not eating banana
I am
( ? ) Are you eating banana?
He / She / It is
You / We / They are
Car /dog /my friend is
Cats / children / mice are
3. Past Simple
a) 1. Menggunakan Pas Simple ketika membicarakan sesuatu yg sudah selesai di
masa lalu secara umum.
Example: The Vikings invaded Britain
f) 2. Menggunakan Past Simple untuk menggambarkan cerita atau kejadian
yang terjadi di masa lalu.
Example: I went to Malang Yesterday
Past Simple uses Past Simple Verb
or Verb-2
Past Simple formed-aspect: There are two types of Verb-2:
( + ) You took a course - Regular Verbs
( - ) You did not take a course - Irregular Verbs
( ? ) Did you take a course? Regular Verbs:
Verb-2 = V-ed
( + ) She helped her mother
( - ) She did not help her mother Irregular Verbs:
( ? ) Did she help her mother? Take Took
Go Went
Eat Ate
*Look at the list of Irregular Verbs
He went to a café, sat - I went to cinema yesterday
downand lit a cigarette - We visited Japan in 2009
If I won a lottery, I would I’ve been on holiday, I went
buy a house to Spain and Portugal
4. Perfect Simple
a) Menggunakan Perfect Simple ketika membicarakan sesuatu atau aktivitas yang
belum terselesaikan di masa lampau
Example: I have done my project since 2015
b) Menggunakan Perfect Simple ketika membicarakan pengalaman hidup
Example: I have been to Jakarta
c) Menggunakan Perfect Simple ketika membicarakan hasil dari aktivitas yang
terselesaikan
d) Example: I have read 2 books for 5 hours
Perfect simple uses Verb-3 or Past
Perfect Simple formed-aspect: Participle
( + ) You have eaten hamburger There are two types of Verb-3:
( - ) You have not eaten hamburger - Regular Verbs
- Irregular Verbs
( ? ) Have you eaten hamburger?
Regular Verbs:
Verb-3 = V-ed
( + ) He has typed a letter
( - ) He has not typed a letter
Irregular Verbs:
( ? ) Has he typed a letter?
Take Took Taken
Go Went Gone
Eat Ate Eaten
*Look at the list of Irregular Verbs
5. Simple Future
Simple Future formed-aspects:
( + ) You will buy a book
( - ) You will not buy a book
( ? ) Will you buy a book?
( + ) She will buy a camera WILL + V-1
( - ) She will not buy a camera
( ? ) Will she buy a camera?
( + ) You are going to buy a book
( - ) You are not going to buy a book
( ? ) Are you going to buy a book?
To Be + GOING TO + V-1
( + ) She is going to buy a camera
( - ) She is not going to buy a camera
( ? ) Is she going to buy a camera?
