Submitied by a Md. Roshodur Rahman Leedunern Dept. of CSE CAE T Assignmeni~o2 —— Course NO !@sE-313 Course Name :Data Communi edtion submitted bY! Amdad Hossain Avoiias Scanned with CamScanner& data communication Old tt4ca) pefine information ang Enito Py - SUPPES © @ Sounee alphabet consisis of foun leters Gag, as and Wiih PRobabi li ty PCa) = 4/2, r (a2) = | o a " /4, ang Paz) = Poa) = =S - Calculator information ond ensro gy Sols eninaey: The Shannon eninogy of O digini bation 'sdhe expected mmount of inforemation in an event drawn frestest from thal dist’ bud Tg ion. ‘Nes @ lower bound on the number of bits needed on average to Node Symbols WEWN from a distibution p Scanned with CamScannerentmorg, Hos) = 6; 109 4 | i= 4 I => ogg) + logg(A) + ge logy (8) 4 3 lego (8) a =o t0G+0575416 S75 a 41-7 bitES / Symbol Fnformation mate R K=Mg Hs bits/sec i lowo X |. 75 biis/see | 7 bo bits/see MN | Levey vefine Ask, Fsk, PSK With exemple Sol): ASK: Ask 1s & ype of Amplitude modulation Which represents the binary dada in tne form of Vardations inihe amPlitude oPa signal. Scanned with CamScanner3 Following is ine disgnam fore Ask modu laied wave Porm ctleng with its ineut ineudt i) yp NIN r output FSkK! FSK fs the digita& modulation technique in Whieh ine frequeney of the canter signal Nasties Beeordi ng to the disereie digital Chonges.FSK iS a schema of Prequeney medulation Scanned with CamScannerPSK: psx The Phase oP dhe @antiert ig Vamed +0 represent two or more different signa Element. Both peak amplitude cna frequen gy remain G@onstont’ | | ##4Ce): piseuss the operation of ASK moduloton ond PLL-FSK demodalotor with proPen diagcom sol; | |FSK modulations The FSk Modulator block diagram |comerises of two oseillaters With # Clek ond line ine eceauenicee FSK Transmitter. FSk > medu lates wave | | % axe 1@= | Binary MESSE 1 ale recclh | Scanned with CamScanner- The. “Wo oceillaions , produeing a higher and & lowere frequen ey Signals, are Gonneeied to a Switeh along With an internal Clo€K. Te avoid | the abrupt phase dis@ontinytieg of? tne output [wove fou during the transmission of the. |message , #ClOCK KS applied to boih the |9S@illatons, infercnally « The, binary input sequenee IS applied 40 tne tronsmitterso ag to Choase “the Frequencies aeeording 40 the tinagy inp. ‘PLL FSk demodalator! Anatog | “SK Fskin | [Phase de Com PAR on de enstod Binary deta ous ala) ge L Con ittoll ed ' OS Ci Nore I ‘ ' | I Voliag e@ ' 1 Scanned with CamScanner6 “The Fsk ee aT eoncists (NM ine Geesien san FM deteetor made With PLL Cimevit “O bw Poss filler I * swaner Cineuit in ease of agynenreo novs data | Which ane not re+timed - ie CiRCUi+t For Clock extention and dada resi ming Inece of synehronovg dada The filter, tne Clock exiewertion emeuik and the dada me. HiMiIN Cimeuit ane Used to demodulator GISo othere king of signalg. | #2): Diseuss tne operation of a QRSK modulatsre | [With proper diagram | | gin |SeI"’ the gesk modulator. Uses 0 bit-Spilitierc, IWO multipliers With OS Eillatore, a-2bit serial to Parallel eonveryerc ond asummert eineuit. Scanned with CamScannerET x , [PSK re | data. Biles : @ Canstiere Ee | Phase shitter | 2brt serial yo ae Foroliel Converse 0S I__le Ko AE the modulatons input, the message. signal's en bits ond odd bits ane separated by the ‘bits Splittert and ane multiplied with the Same. poner to genenote odd BRSK Cojied ag Rsk) rn ENEN BPSK Cealled as RS). The PSKg Signal is onyhow chase chiPied ty 90° before. being meduloted. | ZC) Show that dhe spee inum of o nadorcalty Sampled RAM signal is & sintnd Ws CP) = Tes) J= d 2nd wh n&) 0d Scanned with CamScannerwhere ne symboig have thei usual meoning - AlSo ‘draw the Mognitude speeitum of this Sig nal Sons TP Wi) rs the Ondlog wove band limited Jo BhentZ, the PAM signal uses notunak Sampling iS WecP) = wht) 8 4) — - © | | whene , < te KS | guH= 27 + *)--o K=-°0 HW ig G& teerongulan wave Switehing waveform ond f = 4-228 IS NoW Taking the foymiere transam of ew (u) Ws@) = wWPJ*S CP) -- ® (Freom ey cy), TH may be RePresented ly the | fourier senies , Ss) = n MB Crem Wst -- @ ~ ob Scanned with CamScannersntnd o wher - © @n =d “nad Sin€E SUL) 1g peniodie, SlL4)=T BQ) - =< en d @-nfe) - - © Then eq Gu) Leeomes, Ws CP) = wor)» ( = end nf) N=-co oo = 2 enw) * 5 (nw) N=-@ | oo TG WEP) = S> en wep nfs) N=- 00 oo om, we?) =d 5 NS. wep nes) N=-co by ea vy) | (Show ed) Scanned with CamScannerlo Magnitude speeinum of PAM! £2 Gin w (6 9 Sweet) Ho ann n Win z fs 2h 3% —atil ull f — > &(@)) Write Short moles on LY-law ond A-low | | Componding: [Sol : 4— low @om pon ding: "74 ig dePined by | Iwa 4) ] = lacs wie) |) SY) aC In (4 1) Where alloWed Peak value of Wilt) oney, MY = Positive eongiont ined is O& Peames ore In denoies Natura lodanitnm- A Scanned with CamScannerII “Uniform quantization ig wehieved al M=L, where ther Chamoetemsti@ eunve FS linewrt ond there 'S NO @omene ssion *H-law hag mid tread od the ofigin, Henee i+ eontoing zero Value, *H-low is used far speech ond mugie Signals “H-low is useg North Ameri ea ond UePon’ A~ law Com Pon ding : “A-law eompending is defined yy A IW, , Wa G2) aoe s2Mi@et | Min @ina)) A 4lWajZz4 1+ in A The Wyricak vatue for Ais 32-6 “Uniform quantization ig oehieved at A= Wheme ihe Charweteste eunre is lineore | ond there iS no G@omenession Scanned with CamScannerWZ *A-law hes mid-pise al the omgin- HENEe, 4 Conidins Q® Non-ZerwG- yale ‘Tis used fore POM telephone Sycteme- “TIS used in many ponts 6P the World. 4 SL)-diseuss the operation of a difPerential Coding Gy¥stemM With proper. diagram ang example. SelM: When senial data ane Passed through many Cimeuits along o Communi egtion @hennel, the Waveform often inden tionoy invert - UNninten 4i Ig invetted-Th; sings ReSuIE ean 6 [The TS0N is designed 40 supmr an entirely | new Physical eonneetort for the Customer anda variey of ineng mission service. A single intenfuee wil be Used for 4elephone. eomeudert terminals and Video equipment. Scanned with CamScanner20 la BOWS the tongmssion of Voiee and dala Simultaneously al a hi9h speed With greaterc efPieien gy . This 1S ow Cineuit SWit@hed telephone NetWork Ysiem, Which Also PMOVideS weeess ty [Porekel Switched neiwonks. |Bacieaily 3 tgPes of ISDN ehannele: ) B ehonne} : ¢4 kbes | 1) D channed ! léKbes on 64 kbas li) chonne! / 334 kbps Ce) 1536 kbrs Cay) 5 Ce): write Short on bG SSolM s 5a: 5a ts the Bth Sene nstion mobile network THiga new global wineless Stondand atler 1, RG, 3G ond 4G network. Ts enables oa new kind of neiwork that is designed +o @onneet Virtually everyone ang eveything. togethere including maehineg ond’ deviegs. 5 Wireless Jeeh nology is meont to deliver. highert multi- Gbes peak data speeds, ulrad low 6 Laten we Scanned with CamScanner2\ it mone relia bi liqy, Massive net Wonk eapecity , imeneased availability ond a mere uniform sere expeMienee 4o mone veers. Highere Performance ona imerteved effi cieney empower, NEW user EXxPerien eas Cnd @onneet new industries. | lee AE CCa): Why chonne! @odihg 1s used in Communi @ation wystem © diStin guigh beiween forWond ennor. Gonnee tion and automatic mepeak meques1 ISON; Shannon proved tha Channel has maximum Copaeity ond thal cannot be SURPASS Ed + Channel's ORE Notsy and Shannon CoPaeidy eannot be. Fined iP Ine emunRs anenot eheeked Prorercly. Channel Coding enables us Jo Control enor and Saining maximum @hannel Copaeity, that igs why channel eoding is Used 1 Communication guste: Scanned with CamScanner2a Forwond Errcor Co nKee tion (FEe): His woy Where ernment is Cnmmeeied: Sender ena@des the data using an error eonteeting code Prior to tnensmission. This additional informaien "Sused by the meeieyert to necoverc signal. There is no feedback here. Automati@ mepead request CARQ): Every block oP dota meeieved ig cheeked with enrwit | dedeetion @ode and if chee foils me tronsmission | WS mewesied repeated |y undil data ean be [vent Pied. Thene ig a feedback here and it is Célled baekword enmoi eonmeeton 6Cb)* Desenibe VART interface 46 line | @oninol unit ond block diagmum of ine device in @PW’ soln: Scanned with CamScanner1 _ . FON etions: 1) parallel 16 SeKial data Conversion in énongmittet land sexialto paralle| data Conversion in | meeiever. ili) Brovore deteeding deteetion ly inéercting Parity bits in tne tonsmiHerc and checking i Pay bits in dhe reciever iii) Tneent Start and Stop bit in the trong miter, ona sioP bits in the Ond deieed J memoy Staqd meei ever. iV) Provides inengmid ond reeieve Siatus in CP ieving. bi ond V) Provide & means of och Charw eters synehronization Scanned with CamScanner24 UART 1 El “Iniennal Register poral|e] do40KUS _______} rensmit buffer uw k aa | Yv Register REG eve bufver [Aaaness | eBiStere furess _ decodere eee t L ers Gontree| RERiE FETT SS ene Status wend Keaistert fore ] cP - Frongmit leek PUISe TeMT 2 Transmit buPfe re emesg FigiLine Contmol unit (UA R&T) Scanned with CamScanner2 Con ea} ond po ole | inpa.date Atom \ Si) | x —_ / I ; I TDS Tronsmik bufPere register. | | Conte! | | [Revisien, re ——EE | Pore, Poriy siopbiteyercing logic | 1 | ale dal di se aioe hal aio dota ote Sal Tep) qwanemit swiPh megisierc srongmit shift repistert emey 199ic eincuit - | SswE — o stoi wor repistec}> TRMT ] é | dota I - Scanned with CamScanner26 4#6Ce): dis euss tne deseesion of PWM ona PPM Sianais With necessary dioarams: Sol: “Tron a : Nev tresnor. | tdYC( hold Clock | Stone Stor. (Pulse) (rule) int UL . N35 tA : s| Diffenensistet | ee sy : | | Neti) TB : EL | t ' t n | eeaaREe neat eee ee | From ebek — cloekin? Signal lynee: A eM fine Tor Scanned with CamScanner2x peM ineud ——+—1 | —> | Hr PAM = i) “ L_ V4 TT NM Moyeform _. v J Figibeteetion of PWM ond PPM Signals | | | | | i)PWM ond PPM signels may be Converted back +o the @onresfunding analog signal ky w neeening stem: D) For PWM detection, +ne PWM signal is used 4o Storch ona Gtop the indegration of en Scanned with CamScannerI | 28 | imegnation. That iS dhe imiegnaton ig reset | to Zermp and iniesnation is begun When the PWM | Goes from & loW level to high leve} ond the integration iMesnutes Until] the PWM Pulse 808S low tn) Tf the Mesration input ig @onneeted to w@ ConStont Voltage SouRee the owkput Will be @ +nun Cat eg Tam P. \) Per the pwo Signal 3026 bw, the omPlijude of the truncated Tome Signal willbe ewalds the Corenes Ponding PAM Somple value. ) The PAM signal is thEN converted. 44 the | onalog signal by low Pass filter | | | Scanned with CamScanner29 HO)! draw the block diagram of on optical fiber communication gysiem and explein its operation Soins Sounee [fnoiog Gee | | interPaee — Treansmiter, NeHoge +o | Souree +0 Current onvertere 4 \ishtsunee Pibercintenfoee | | | Pri cot Fibe reese | Signal optical Piber cable | negenerudo, §—§ S$! fiberto ight | detector interface! 7 Noh detector. cunnent +o Noliag e& Converter Receiver I. Scanned with CamScanner30 The ihree prim any building bloeks one the dronsmitiert , ine receiver and the optical Fiber CoblO. The irensmittert iS eomPKIGed of o VoHope 10 eunnent @onvertorc, a lignd Gounce end w SOURCE to KLor interface. The fiben guide is the tronsmission medium Which Pure B1asS Om Plast is emhert on Uline eg cable. Tt my be necessary to add one om Moe megeneradtons to the tronsmission medivm, defending on the distonee between tne tronsmitter ond receiver |The receiver ineludes ¢ fibex +o interface, a jPhoto delectorong « ecurment- to vel tage ConVercder. Th the tronsmiten the light souree CON be meduladied yo digital sr on analag Si : ‘anal: the Yolto9e +0 urement converdere Sern, ; &S 4S 6n eleeinj Cal inierPoee bel Ween the tneuk CIMT Ong dhe light source. Scanned with CamScanner[. - 3l “H#G)! bive & Comparison among single Msdé step index Fiber, multi mode siep index fiber and multimode graded index ibe with thera advantages dnd dig adventog9es Soln: Single Mode step index fiber. advantages: “Minimum dis persion “Hi8h eceunsey wider bendwid ths, higher information inensmission rates: Copable of transmitting date at veto 40Gb * DWDM 4eehnology aliiws the @-RBand. Dre-ediente pg oc: External interference Dis adventages “The Cente! eore is very sma] “THis difficult to couple light into oaf of this wre of Kher + Fibers ane expensive - DiPPieult to manufyeture +The logem nequimed ane costly: Scanned with CamScannergz ~ Muitimode siep index Piber! Advaniegess “Tt ig nelatively inexpensive “Simple to monu fa e tune “THis €asien to @ouple light ints ond oud of MUltimode Step index Piberg because they have & Fela tvel¥ lange source 4o fiber apetiuce “Hi9h speed and hi9h bend width overt Short digtonees + Allow several mode optical signslg to be tronemitted af onee. [Dis odventegeg: “Light toys toke many different patng down the Fiber Lange differences in propagation times: “The bandwidths and rate of information monsfer nates Prssible with dnig yre of easle- “His mone limited in both speed. and distonee “The maximum Speed of On oMy multimode | | Cable IG 1o0G devending on diSton ce, Scanned with CamScanner33 Muiimode areded index Fiber? adVontogeg:! - THis G@asiecto Couple light into ond owl of thon Single mode Sie? INdOX. beck PP peu + Distontion due +o multiple Propagation polhs is eneden thon Single mode step index. “Allows to dnhe_ use of non- @ohercent optical light sounce + Facilitates eonneeting togednert simi lor Fibers le Tmposes lower toleponee mequinemenis | on Pitre eonnectors - |Dis Adv ondoges : “Tt ls more diffieut inon multimode siep mdex Piber | Costly compare 4o GieP index Fiber Scanned with CamScanner3A FE Xe)! Delenmine ine optical power neeeived indBm and Watts for 0 £4 Km optieal Fiber Kink With the following Porametens LED oulpat power of Lomw Ss ; 1X 4 km SECTIONS BF optieul Goble eveh Witha loss of 0: CdB/Km Three @ ole 4o eoble @onneetors With aw bss of 24 de cwch No eable Spliceg 7 ight souree 4o Por imerPu ee loss 6f ALAC Fiber. to light deteetort loss of . Gd g NO losseg due to COLIC benag | =13-0| dém | Jotul cable joss =(24x0-6) dk = (4408 Scanned with CamScanner3b total Connee ton loss =X 21) af = lo bale fotal logs = able loss + eonnee tort loss lightsournee 10 Cable jo light detee tort loss loss 1 Aeable = (14.4 #105 $2.2 41-38) dB =2G-9 de The meceivert powert, Pe =(s- a1- X69) d& —-16°389d8 6.0257 MW Scanned with CamScanner36 4EG Ch)! Define sadellile and salellite communi eadion Soin: Sadellite tah aero SPHeE Jenmg, a Satelliie ig Space VNehieie lawn ehed by humans and orbilS SkuNd Cath on another eatesti abbo dy. Sote |li elite Communication: 4 ig a mien Wave erent i oer in the Sky thal on sists of divense Comb; i Medion of repeater, Reeeivere inonsmitien. TSF enerotoris, Pilten ete. #3. Co): con inact the advantages ang dis adventases of geogynehrenog Sadtellits - sojns ASN eniaa ess “) T+ meMaing ol most Stationany in mespeet to given Coney i . h Station, Expensive Anoeking equipment isnot | | | equi Med a4 The earth Stotions: | [Nl) This Sadeliiies ane OVO IAbIE to dll eanth Sitdions Within tein shadow lo of the time. Scanned with CamScannerSx WW) There ig no need to Switch Prom one Seo gyn Cho nov satellite Yo another ag they 6 bit Overhead Ww)> Y) "RENE Ane No ixengmission breaks due 10 Switching times Ythe effects: of Doprlerc shift ane negligible. dis Sdvantages: () T+ Reatine sophitiegted and heavy propulsion deviees on boand tokeeP them in a Pixed enbit I) High a1titude geo synchronous seleliites iniqoduce Much Inger Propagation de-laye. 9) Tt memine higher taansmizt powers ang Moke Sengitive meceivens becavse of the longer diston Ce and aneater Path Iggses- IV) High precision Space monsnip is Required to Flvee O Geosy Beosynehronovs satellite into onbit ond Keep to keep it there. Scanned with CamScanner38 Bi riseuss spinners and three axis Stabili Zeu | Gadellities sSoIn ¢ (SPinner satelite : A Spinner satellite uses the On sular_ momenjum of HS Seinning body jt PLOIGE roll ond yaw stobrizetion. The entine | SPaceenePt "S$ Mitated al Foto 16d Potetions Per mi MiNWIeS. This spin PrOVIdeS o Powerful | 84 rag @9 9; ‘i | Pie wetion +9 Main tain the Spin axis 'S Kept stati a) Ss otTOn ony by Counter Totgtion PTOI deg. i's G SMall gos yjeig movnted on the peg; Phe | of the dum YO Scanned with CamScanner89 tee axig stabilizerr Sat ! th dy memoinS e@ Oxi tobilizere Satellite; The body S A hilean Xed relative to Farih’s Sunfoee, Whi eMHinsennal SUb System Provides Tl ond Yaw Stobili zation 4 ean rotate about the three ONG terminal svehag YOM, Toll ond Prteh gxis- axig “hen 4 cadeliite ig Stobi lized howl these . ili ion. then it 16 eatled ag innee axis body stabi li adi A momen4ym Wheelig a high seeed Wheel duven PY Ane motort. HIS kept in @ Sealed VYaluated Cham be: ™Menesse jy 4g Speed |Neneage the ondulan Momentum .chonge In the OHitude ome transmitted 45 the eCanth station jy tele martkeding. the dota Prom the sensong. The dada ig 616 YSed ond com to the Sotellite +6 the Spee Mends ane seit in@neag e_ or deereage oP the momen wna Wheelg og perc, Requirements 4 Golleet the atttude osoud three OXiG: Scanned with CamScanner