UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

College of Nursing
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
(+6374) 442-3316, 442-2564, 442-8219, 442-8256
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.bcf.edu.ph

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
BARANGAY PONGAYAN, KAPANGAN, BENGUET

A DIAGNOSIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF NURSING

UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

Submitted by:
BSN III SECTION D Group B

Aluad, Rosella
Calixto, Loraine
Dulawan, Juliene Grace Talacca
Gamonnac, Maria Crystal Quin
Langbayan, Zaskhia
Lao-ing, Jaimelyn
Lupae, Frannie
Mateo, Maria Diana
Nnanna, Happiness
Pit-og, Jhayrelle
Reijnders, Hazel Joy

Submitted to:
Ma’am Marlene Anacio

Chapter 1
Introduction
A. Family, Community, COPAR

Family

The family is the smallest unit of the society and the natural fundamental core of the community
and consequently, it is considered as the primordial recipient of the nursing effort, which is contributory
to the development, and progress of the community through active involvement and self – responsibilities
of each constituent. It is composed of persons, male and female, being molded to be as one, working hand
in hand to maintain a good atmosphere among the family members.
Family is a group of people related either by consanguinity or affinity . The purpose of families is
to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideally, families would offer predictability,
structure, and safety as members mature and participate in the community. In most societies, it is within
families that children acquire socialization for life outside the family, and acts as the primary source of
attachment, nurturing, and socialization for humans. Additionally, as the basic unit for meeting the basic
needs of its members, it provides a sense of boundaries for performing tasks in a safe environment,
ideally builds a person into a functional adult, transmits culture, and ensures continuity of humankind
with precedents of knowledge. It is in the family where a member develops his health values, beliefs and
practices. The family is a major influence in the health behaviors of an individual. With this, it is
important that a nurse in a community is aware of the beliefs and practices of families pertaining to their
health.
Community
The community is a group of people sharing geographic boundaries and/or values and interests
(Maglaya, 2004). No two communities are alike. A nurse exposed in the community learns how to
interact and adapt to different kinds of people.
A community is a social unit with commonality such as norms, religion, values, customs,
or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area or in virtual
space through communication platforms. Durable relations that extend beyond immediate genealogical
ties also define a sense of community, important to their identity, practice, and roles in
social institutions such as family, home, work, government, society, or humanity at large.
Community is very important and has many factors like kinship, unity, and identity. It is a part of
everyday life and have positive effects on its members. It is the social structure that mediates between the
individual resident and the state and private elites, guiding social transactions between these different
worlds to advance and protect the interests and needs of individuals and groups within neighborhoods or
local communities. Like any other social system, a community is an interdependent network of
component parts or sub-systems. Consequently, a change in one component has an impact on all others
that make up the whole.
COPAR

Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) is a social development

approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into dynamic,
participatory and politically responsive community. It is a continuous and sustained process of educating
the people to understand and develop their critical awareness of their existing condition, working with the
people collectively and efficiently on their immediate and long-term problems, and mobilizing the people
to develop their capability and readiness to respond and take action on their immediate needs towards
solving their long-term problems.

COPAR has four phases namely; Pre-Entry Phase, Entry Phase, Organization-building phase, and
sustenance and strengthening phase. Pre-entry phase Is the initial phase of the organizing process where
the community organizer looks for communities to serve and help. Entry phase sometimes called the
social preparation phase. Is crucial in determining which strategies for organizing would suit the chosen
community. Success of the activities depend on how much the community organizers has integrated with
the community. Organization-building Phase entails the formation of more formal structure and the
inclusion of more formal procedure of planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wise
activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given training to develop
their style in managing their own concerns/programs. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase occurs when
the community organization has already been established and the community members are already
actively participating in community-wide undertakings. At this point, the different committees’ setup in
the organization-building phase are already expected to be functioning by way of planning, implementing
and evaluating their own programs, with the overall guidance from the community-wide organization.

It is an important tool for community development and people empowerment as this helps the
community workers to generate community participation in development activities. It maximizes
community participation, involvement and prepares people/clients to eventually take over the
management of a development programs in the future.

B. Historical Background

There are two stories on how Pongayan got its name, the two versions have similarity. There was
a German scientist who traveled all his way to a native populace. On his way he saw an Igorot woman
who was busy gathering “Lubas”, a kind of clay used as shampoo. The clay was already so deep because
other women got their shampoo there too, so the woman’s body was half hidden. Attracted by the
woman’s position, he got in contact with her.

The woman gave birth to a baby girl. When she grew into a lady, she was big, tall and beautiful
with big breasts. She could even feed her baby while carrying her at her back because the breasts were
also long. When she walked, her breasts would swing so that neighbors called her “Palaypay” meaning
swinging. The place was better known as “Palaypay” due to the presence of the German Mestiza. As of
how it was named Pongayan, no records were found not even the old folks of the place.

A shorter version goes this way: Originally, the place was called “Palaypay”. There lived a lady
with kaingin when a British hunter arrived and later married her. They had a child who soon grew up and
married a hunter just the same. Suddenly, the family was struck by a disease, so they decided to leave the
place and went down. They then called the place a resting place or “Pongayan” in the Ibaloi dialect.

C. General Characteristics
Pongayan is a barangay in the municipality of Kapangan, Benguet. Its population as determined
by the 2015 Census was 786. This represented 4.06% of the total population of Kapangan. Pongayan is
situated at approximately 16.5604, 120.5849, in the island of Luzon. Elevation at these coordinates is
estimated at 1,093.3 meters or 3,586.9 feet above mean sea level. Kapangan is at the mid-western section
of Benguet. It is bounded by Kibungan on the north-east, Atok on the east, Tublay on the
southeast, Sablan and Bagulin on the south-west, San Gabriel on the mid-west, and Sugpon on the north-
west. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 164.39 square
kilometres (63.47 sq. mi) constituting 5.94% of the 2,769.08-square-kilometre- (1,069.15 sq. mi) total
area of Benguet. The municipal's terrain is characterized by rugged mountains and hills. Rugged
mountains have slopes of 50% while hills have slopes from 30%-50%. The highest elevation is 1,700
metres (5,600 ft) above sea level with the lowest at 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level. Kapangan is
about 29 kilometres (18 mi) away from the capital town of La Trinidad.
Organization structure:
Barangay Captain
Fernando Sasa
BARANGAY KAGAWADS:
Ronie Singlao
Nelia Asmin
Antonio Ciano
Neph Calixto
Lorna Lusnong
Hukaba Imong
Leonardo Litusken

SK CHAIRMAN:
Roneil Mensi
SK KAGAWADS:
Laiza Acos
Mariel Atiyeng
Jerry Esben
Windell Salbino
Hardy Paran
Jenar Calixto
Mechelle Busoy

Barangay Health Workers

Nenita Bayeng
Jacqueline Atiyeng
Narcisa Calixto
Julia Sasa
Lydia Bacuso
Amparo Comila
Melanie Bagulin

Barangay Nutrition Scholar

Nelda Long-a

Lupong Tagapamayapa
Agapito Quintol
Contero Calixto
Julio Pawil
Catanes Thomas
Estado Galian
Benie Damaso
Miguel Imong
Pangcas Manuel
Angel Comila
Braulio Bongkili
Lumapes Dugyaen
Samuel Celes
Suene Alumno

Civilian Volunteer Officers

Sarate Bosaing
Jerry Calixto
Alfredo Sufla
Christopher Pad-eng
Desto Carias

District Supervisor / Coordination Principal

RAFAEL C. BAGULING
Barangay owned facilities.
They have 1 health station and Pongayan Day Care Center for Kindergarten and Pongayan Barrio
School for grades 1 to 6.
A. Sources of Income
Majority of the residents in the barangay are engaged in farming as their main source of income.
The percentage of labor force is as follows:
- 90 % of the total labor force are farmers
- 4 % are self-employed
- 001 % are government employees
- 5.9 % are unemployed
B. Agricultural Production Crops:
a. rice
b. vegetables - beans, cucumber, bell pepper, green peas and the like.
c. root crops - camote, potato, ube, ginger, cassava, gabi
d. fruits - banana, santol, guava, calamansi, avocado, pineapple
C. Common Pests and Diseases of Crops Found in the Barangay
Early and late blight, DBM, mites, cutworms, army worms, aphids, mice, crickets, mosquitos,
fungus/virus (calicle), animal pest and diseases such as flute.
SOCIAL DATA
A. Health
1. Birth rate - 5.85 % for the year 2002
2. Death rate - 1.30 % as of year 2002
3. Health Facilities
There is only one (1) health station in the barangay located at Pongayan Proper.

4. Health Personnel
Only one (1) Rural Health Midwife is serving Barangay Pongayan and Central due to the lack of
personnel from the Rural Health Unit of Kapangan. Assisting the midwife are seven (7) Barangay Health
Workers and one (1) Barangay Nutrition Scholar.
5. Common Illnesses/Diseases
The common illnesses in the barangay are as follows: typhoid, amoebiasis, fever, toothache, influenza,
goiter, etc.
B.EDUCATION

Name of School Grades Offered No. of enrolles No. of Teachers No. of Rooms
Pongayan Barrio I – IV 55 3 5
School
Pongayan Day Kindergarten 16 1 1
Care Center

C. Social Welfare Services

1. Existing Organizations in the Barangay
a. Barangay Council of Pongayan
b. Civilian Volunteers Organization
c. Pongayan Multi-Purpose Cooperative
d. Pongayan Rural Improvement Club (PRIC) Coop.
e. Barangay Nutrition Council
f. Botika Binhi Officers
g. Barangay Health Workers
h. BARC
i. BDCC
j. Lupong Tagamayapa
k. Women's Organization
2. Agencies Providing Services to the people
The Local Government provides infrastructure projects and other developmental programs. Other
NGO’s like the Plan International likewise provides assistance for hospitalization of beneficiaries,
trainings and seminars, education /livelihood programs and some infrastructure projects as well for the
community use.
3. Needs and Problems of the Community
The problems of the community are as follows:
i. unemployment
ii. pests and disease outbreak
iii. lack of medicines in the barangay health station
iv. malnutrition
v. lack of teachers
vi. barangay not fully energized
vii. inactive organizations
viii. inaccessibility of road during rainy seasons

The community needs solutions and remedies for these problems. The officialdom and the residents
are looking forward for the assistance from the local government unit as well as other concerned agencies.
 Chapter 2
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
I. Demographic Variable
Total Population
a) Population by geographical distribution

Sitios of Pongayan Population

Sagapa 56
Padang 90
Baguiney 85
Upper Pongayan 210
Lower Pongayan 150
Proper Pongayan 252
Total 843

Interpretation: The table above shows that the most number of residents in Barangay Pongayan comes
from the sitio of Proper Pongayan with a population of 252. However, Barangay Sagapa which we
represent has the lowest number of population having 56 residents.
b) Population by age group
AGE 0-12 1-5 6- 11- 16- 21- 26- 31- 36- 41- 46- 51- 56 61 TO
MO 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 - AND TA
S 60 UP L

M 0 0 1 2 4 4 3 1 0 3 0 2 2 2 24
F 0 1 1 1 4 8 4 0 2 3 3 0 3 2 32

POPULATION BY GENDER:
 MALE 24 42.9%
FEMALE 32 57.1%
TOTAL 56 100%

Interpretation: The table above shows the population of one sitio in Barangay Sagapa in respect to their
age and gender. The sitio has a total population of 56 with 32 females (56.1%) and 24 males (57.1 %).
Most of the members that comprise the population belong to the age bracket of 25-49 years old with 22
members, the least member that comprises the population belong to the age bracket of 1-5 years old with
only one member. There are no population that comprises the age bracket of 0-12 months in the sitio.
c) No. of Families

Barangay HH FAMILIES

SAGAPA 11 11

TOTAL 11 11

Interpretation: The data shows that there are 11 number of household families residing in Barangay
Pongayan, Kapangan.
II. SOCIOECONOMIC VARIABLES
a. ) Educational Level

People in the community work together to support learning and education is their highest priority
believing that their children deserve every opportunity for success. There are 2 schools located currently
at Barangay Pongayan namely, Pongayan Day Care Center which accommodates kindergarten students
and the Pongayna Barrio School that accommodates students from grade 1 to 6. There are also schools
located in other barangays wherein children who wanted to study high school and college needs to travel
out the community.
A.1 Educational Attainment

Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

College Graduate 32 57.1%
College Undergraduate 3 5.4%
High School Graduate 1 1.8%
High School Undergraduate 0 0%

Elementary Graduate 0 0%
Elementary Undergraduate 0 0%

Currently studying 20 35.7%

TOTAL: 56 100%

Graphical Presentation of Educational Attainments

Interpretation: The survey with 11households revealed that most of the family members are college
graduate which comprises 56.1% , some are college undergraduate 5.3%, high school graduate 3.5%, and
all of the children in each family are currently studying that comprises 35.1% of the population.

The people in the community are very determined to finished their study and have a degree. A lot of them
were professionals and are earning enough money to provide good living and basic needs for their family
every day.

b. ) Occupation Common in the Community

 Occupation Frequency Percentage
Profession: (Nurse, teacher, midwife, policeman, civil engineer ) 9 37.5%

Employment: (Fast food crew, hotel receptionist,OFW, 9 37.5%

construction worker,security guard, transportation services
operating, city clerk, security officer)
Business: 4 16.6%
NGO 1 4.2%

Housewife 1 4.2%

TOTAL: 24 100%

Graphical Presentation of Occupation Common in the Community

Interpretation: The survey revealed that in the 11 households in the community majority of them are
professionals (37.5 %) and are employees (37.5%) both in private and government sectors. Some have
their own businesses (16.6%) as a source of living. Their is also an NGO (4.2%) who worked voluntarily
and a housewife (4.2%). It can be seen in the data that all of the interviewed households have a source of
income that shows that they have the capability to provide their necessities or basic needs in life.

c. ) Housing Conditions

c.1 Ownership

Type of Ownership Frequency Percentage

Owned 10 90.9%
Rented 1 9.1%
Shared 0 0%
TOTAL: 11 100%

Graphical Presentation of House Ownership

Interpretation: The data revealed that 10 out of 11 respondents owned their house (90.9%) they are
currently living, one is rented (9.1%), and there are no shared ownership.
b.2 Type of Construction

Type of Construction Frequency Percentage

Light 0 0%
 Medium (wooden floors/ 0 0%
walls with nipa roof)
Heavy (dominantly concrete/ 11 100%
hardwood with galvanized
sheets)
TOTAL: 11 100%

Graphical Presentation of Type of House Construction

Interpretation: The data above shows that all of the houses are made of concrete materials (100%) with
combination of cement, wood, and galvanized iron.

b.3 Utilities

Utilities Frequency Percentage

Electrical Connection 11 100%
Telephone/Cellphone 11
 Graphical Presentation of Utilities

Interpretation: The data revealed that all of the 11 households interviewed have electrical connection
and have an access to telephone and cellphones (100%).

With the following data, all of the respondents spend and pay well on the construction used in building
their houses. Their housing conditions suggest that the respondents invested their money to live in a
comfortable, strong, and safe homes. All of them also have appropriate appliances that they need every
day like refrigerators, gas burner and televisions in which makes their lives easier.

III. CULTURAL FACTORS:

a) Ethnic groups
Among the 11 families, Filipinos dominate the group. Only two families are of Dutch and
Nigerian origin. For specific ethnic groups, the Filipino members usually belong to the Igorot,
Kankana-ey and Ilocano group.
b) Language and Dialect
Languages include English and Tagalog. Dialects used inside each household are Ilocano and
Kankana-ey. In each household, dialects vary depending on the family's mother tongue.
 However, English is widely utilized for the sake of the only one family in the community that
speaks and understands the language English. Members of the aforementioned family could not
speak and understand Tagalog, nor any of the dialects common to the other families.
c) Community affair and activities
- One of the family members involved in organization called Christian women association and
Christian youth fellowship (church organization). Alfonso Lista PNP Referees association. two
family is involved in existing organization even if they are not a member like SK organization
and Kias E market. Also, one family is participating in other community activities which is
discipleship from different church affiliation, tree planting activities and seminar workshop.
d) Recreational
- Due to the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, recreations are limited to indoor games such
as video games, chess, sungka, and damath. Some families do gardening and farming for
recreation. Some still prefer other indoor activities such as watching TV and playing musical
instruments.

IV. Health Care Systems

a. Health Facilities

Barangay Pongayan has one health station handled by a 1 Rural Health Midwife, with 7 Barangay
Health Workers and 1 Health Nutritionist. It is located near the barangay hall where the residents are
available to visit and have their check-ups.

b. Health Seeking Behavior and Utilization of Health Services

b.1) Family Members No. of People Percentage

with Phil Health
Yes 16 28.6%

No 40 71.4%

TOTAL: 56 100%

Graphical Presentation of Family Member with PhilHealth

Interpretation: Out of the 11 families, 16 in the family members have their Phil Health and has an avail
to the health services.

b.2) Health services most Frequency Percentage

frequently availed of:
(Ranked first)
RHU 2 18.1%

Private Clinic 4 36.4%

BHS 0 0%
Hospital (private and pubic) 5 45.5%
TOTAL: 11 100%
 Graphical Presentation of Health Services Most frequently availed

Interpretation: The data showed that in every family they have their own preference on which
health services do they most frequently availed of. Among the 11 families, 5 of them ranked Hospital as
their number 1(45.5%) most preferred service followed by the Private clinic (36.4%), and lastly RHU
(18.1%).

b.3) Reasons in delaying Frequency Percentage

decisions to seek health
care:
Failure to recognize danger 4 100%
signs
Lack of money to pay 0 0%
expenses
No available person to take 0 0%
care of the children and home
Lack of companion in going 0 0%
to health facility
Others 0 0%
TOTAL: 4 100%
Graphical Presentation of Reasons in Delaying Decisions to Seek Heath Care

Interpretation: On the data, 4 families have answered that their reasons in delaying decisions to seek
health care is the failure to recognize danger signs (100%).

b.4) Reasons for reaching appropriate care Frequency Percentage

in a health facility
Distance of home to health facility 2 50%
Lack of transportation 2 50%
Others:
TOTAL: 4 100%

Graphical Presentation of Reasons for reaching appropriate care in a health facility

Interpretation: The data showed that among the 11 families, both have answered that the reasons for
reaching appropriate care in a health facility is because of the distance of home to the health facility
(50%) and the lack of transportation (50%).

b.5) Delays in Receiving appropriate care in a Frequency Percentage

facility
Shortages of supplied and basic supplement in a heath 1 50%
facility
Lack of skilled health professional in the hospital 0 0%
Poor skills of health care providers 1 50%
Others 0 0%
TOTAL: 2 100%

Graphical Presentation of Delays in Receiving Appropriate Care in a Facility

Interpretation: The data revealed that shortages of supplied and basic supplement in a health facility
(50%), and the poor skills of health care providers (50%) is one of the reasons of the 1 household family
in delays in receiving appropriate care in a facility.

With all of the following data, some of the household families have reasons in immediate healthcare
seeking. Thus, it could arise as a serious problem when an unexpected emergency happens.

c. Family Planning

Couples with access f % Type of family Planning

to Family planning
Yes 1 9.1% Condom
No 10 90.9%
TOTAL: 11 100%

Graphical Presentation of Couples with Access to Family Planning

Interpretation: The data showed that out of the 11 families, only one family has an access to family
planning and has been practicing the use of condom as their method in family planning. While some of
the families is maybe due to the reasons that some are already in their senior citizens, some got separated
and some which their partners are in abroad.

c.) Environmental Conditions

Water Source Frequency Percentage

Level 1: Protected well 0 0%
Developed spring 0 0%
Level 2: Piped distribution network and 1 8.3%
communal faucet
Level 3: Waterworks system for 10 83.4%
individual households
Others: Delivery 1 8.3%

TOTAL: 12 100%
Interpretation: There are 10 families (83.4%) used waterworks system for individual households, one
household uses both Piped distribution and communal faucet, and one revealed to have a delivery of
water to their house. Through this, the data revealed that one of the household has 2 water source.

Methods of Excreta Disposal Frequency Percentage

WST Owned: Functional 10 90.9%
Non- Functional 0 0%
WST Shared: Functional 1 9.1%
Non-Functional 0 0%
Without 0 0%
TOTAL: 11 100%
Interpretation: The data shows that 10 (90.9%) out of 11 families owned a functional water sealed toilet.
One interviewed family revealed to have both owned and shared functional water sealed toilet, and one
respondent does not have data presented.

Method of Domestic Water Waste Frequency Percentage

Disposal

Blind Drainage 10 90.9%

Open Drainage 1 9.1%
TOTAL: 11 100%
Interpretation: The data shows that 10 (90.9%) of the household made use of a blind drainage for their
water waste disposal and only one has an open drainage.

Garbage f % Disposal f %
Collection
Open Receptacle 0 0% Composting 4 22.2%

Closed 11 100% Burying 0 0%

Receptacle
None 0 0% Burning 6 33.3%

TOTAL: 11 100% Open Dumping 1 5.6%

Others / Garbage 7 38.9%

Collection
TOTAL: 18 100%
Interpretation: Based on the data, it showed that all of the 11 households has a closed receptacle and
most of them disposed their garbage through garbage collection (38.9%) followed by burning (33.3%),
composting (22.2%) and open dumping (5.6%).
V. Health and Illness Patterns
A. Leading Causes of morbidity

Frequency Percentage
 1. Cough and Colds 9 32.14 %
2. Fever 5 17.24 %

3. Hypertension 3 10.34 %

4. Headache 3 10.34 %
5. Diarhea 3 10.34 %
6. Asthma 2 6.89 %
7. Covid-19 1 3.44 %
8. Anemia 1 3.44 %
9. CVD 1 3.44 %
10. Diabetes 1 3.44 %

TOTAL 29 100%

Interpretation: The table presents the common illnesses of the families. The leading causes of morbidity
among the household is cough and colds with a percentage of 32.14 % followed by fever with 17.24 %
and hypertension, headache and diarhea all with 10.34 %.
B. Leading causes of mortality

Frequency Percentage
1. CVD 1 100 %
Total 1 100 %

The table shows that the leading cause of mortality is cardiovascular diseases with one death.
C. Leading cause of hospital admission

Frequency Percentage
1. Hypertension 3 33.33%
2. Asthma 2 22.22%
3. Covid-19 1 11.11%
4. Anemia 1 11.11%
5. CVD 1 11.11%
6. Diabetes 1 11.11%
 TOTAL 9 100%

The table shows that the leading cause of hospital admission is hypertension 33.33 % followed by asthma
22.22 %. The health service most frequently availed by the community is the hospital.

D. Food, nutrition and Immunization Status (children 0-72 months old)

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

0-72 months old 1 100 %
Total 1 100 %

Infant feeding practices

Frequency Percentage
Breastfeeding 0 0
Bottle Feeding 0 0
Mixed Feeding 1 100 %
Total 1 100 %

Immunization status

Frequency Percentage
Complete 1 100 %
Incomplete 0 0
Total 1 100 %

Interpretation: There is only one individual in the age bracket of 0 to 72 months old. Her feeding
practice is mixed feeding and her immunization status is complete.

E. Nutrition Status
Food Consumption

Family food consumption Frequency Percentage

 Adequate 11 100 %
Inadequate 0 0
Total 11 100 %

Most of the people in the community eat four times a day or more which signifies adequate family
consumption. Their food mainly consists of vegetables, fruits and meat since some of them are owners of
farmland and poultry. Most of the families are also engaged in the production of poultry, fruit trees and
vegetable gardening which are for family consumption. Additionally, some of the family’s primary source
of livelihood is farming.
BMI of the household

Frequency Percentage
Underweight 0 0%
Normal 50 87.71 %
Overweight 7 12.28 %
Total 57 100 %

The table shows that 87.71 % of the total population have a normal BMI, 12.28 % are overweight. The
data shows that there are no underweight in the population.
Smoking and Drinking Behaviours

Frequency Percentage
Smoking 10 17.54 %
Alcohol Consumption 15 26.31 %
No vices 32 56.14 %
Total population 57 100 %

The data shows that 26.31 % of the total population are alcohol drinkers and 17.54 % are smokers and
56.14 % of the population have no vices.
 Chapter 3
Identification and Prioritization of Community Health Problems
This chapter discusses about the problem that were identified during assessment and interview

with the families. It includes the cues/data and health problem. The problems identified are categorized

into presence of wellness state, health deficits, health threats, foreseeable crisis and stress points. It also

shows the setting of priorities of the health problems that has been identified. It includes a computation on

how priorities were shown with corresponding justification.

List of Identified Nursing Problems with Cues

Identified Community Nursing Problems Cues

Diabetes Objective Data: He has a sweet tooth; he knows
that he should not eat too much sweets because of
his condition but he eats sweet foods more than
A. Inability to make decisions with respect to what he ought to.
taking appropriate health action due to:
a. Lack of self-control to avoid factors
Subjective Data: “I am taking maintenance
that could possibly aggravate the condition.
medication of glimepiride and the last time that I
went for fasting blood sugar test, the result
showed that my blood sugar is slightly over the
normal range”.

Improper garbage disposal Objective data: garbage disposal is dumping in

an open pit situated at the back of the house, 4
meters away with plenty of flies all over.
A. Inability to provide a home environment
conducive to health maintenance and personal
development due to:
a. lack of knowledge about the importance of
proper disposal of garbage.

Improper Waste Disposal

A. Inability to provide a healthy environment for Objective Data: In the barangay, it does not have
family and community due to: any containers to put the trash in and people are
B. lack of knowledge of preventive measures just throwing it on the sidewalk that leaves a bad
about the importance of proper waste disposal. smell.
Subjective Data:
Asthma and other respiratory problems
None

A. Failure to utilize available resources and the

home environment for health maintenance Objective Data: One family is with a long history
due to: of asthma and rhinitis. However, their home is
a. Lack of proper information regarding located just beside the main road, making them
the triggering factors of asthma and exposed to dust and other irritants.
other problems.
Unnecessary fear from the misconceptions
brought on the by the novel coronavirus.
The family as well refuses to seek consultation
during asthma attacks and prefers doing “suub"
with boiled water steam or a nebulizer machine.
In worst cases, they resort to using over the
counter drugs to relieve symptoms.
Subjective data
“Nu apanka met gamin agpacheck-up uray
asthmatic ka ya I declare da at kano nga kubid.”
Hypertension

A. Inability to recognize the presence of health

problem: Objective Data: Patient has a hypertension with a
BP of 160/100 mmhg, with severe headache and
blurring of vision. The patient verbalized that she
has a maintenance or medication but sometimes
a. Lack of inadequate knowledge
she forget to take it on time.
Subjective Data: “No maminsan lalo no haan ko
b. Failure to comprehend the matake jay agas ko, sobra sakit ti ulok tas toy
nature/magnitude of the problem batok ko”.

Poor environmental sanitation specifically

improper drainage disposal as a health threat
Subjective Data: “open talaga yang canal at jan
din pumupunta yung water waste ng kabilang
A. Inability to make decisions with respect to bahay” as verbalized by the mother.
taking appropriate health action due to:
Objective data: There is an open canal near the
a. Low salience of the problem house and it is where they throw sometimes the
b. Negative attitude towards health problem biodegradable trash like spoiled food.
 Atherosclerosis
A. Failure to recognize early signs and
symptoms due to:
a. Overweight Objective Data:
b. Has high cholesterol Patient’s blood pressure sometimes shoots up to
c. Inadequate sleep 160/80mmHg and unable to sleep at night, has
d. Elevated blood pressure established regimen for her to follow and
e. Knowledge deficit about underlying determined to work out to lose cholesterol and
condition triglyceride.

Subjective Data:
“I am taking maintenance medication and have to
go to my cardiologist for my monthly check-up to
check for any improvement”.
Malnutrition
Inability of the family to recognize the presence
of malnutrition among members due to lack of Objective data
knowledge Patient is overweight with BMI of 26.5
Height: 5”2’
Weight: 145 lbs

Subjective Data:
“I don’t like exercising”, as verbalized by the
Chain Smoker patient.

A. Inability to make decisions with respect to

taking appropriate health action due to: Subjective Data: “hanko kaya nga haan
a. Lack of self-control to avoid factors that agsigarilyo ti maysa aldaw” as verbalized.
could possibly aggravate the condition. Objective data: He consumes 1 or 1 ½ pack of
cigarette in a day and often coughs.

Scoring /diabetes

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 3/3×1 1 It is a health deficit
 condition or problem because there is already
presented the existence of the
problem
2. Modifiability of the 1/2×2 1 It is partially
problem modifiable, the disease
itself cannot be cured
but it can be remedied
with the help of
medication and other
means like proper diet.
3. Preventive potential 3/3×1 1 The client is aware of
the condition and has
the means and
resources to buy
maintenance
medication and go for
follow up check-up.
4. Salience 2/2×1 1 It is a problem needing
immediate attention to
prevent complications.
Total: 4

Scoring / Improper garbage disposal

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

1. nature of the problem 2/3 x 1 0.66 It is a health threat
2. modifiability of the 2/2 x 2 2 Resources are available
problem and interventions are
feasible
3. preventive potential 3/3 x 1 1 Communicable diseases
transferred by insects
and rodents can be
prevented
4. salience of the 1/1 x 1 1 The family recognizes
problem it as a problem. It
consulted the health
personnel a month ago.
However, it does not
see the problem as
needing immediate
action.
 Total: 4.66

Scoring/ Improper Waste Disposal

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 2/3 X1 0.66 It is a health threat
problem presented
2. Modifiability of 2/2 X1 2 Easily modified
the problem
Intervention and resources are
available to solve the problem
3. Preventive 2/3X1 0.67 Highly Preventive
potential
Resources and manpower are
available only the attitude to
make a change for the
environment
4. Salience of the 2/2X1 1 The family perceive it as a
problem condition or problem not
needing immediate attention
Score: 4.33

Scoring /Asthma and other respiratory problems

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 2/3×1 0.66 It is a health threat.
condition or problem
presented
2. Modifiability of the 1/2×2 1 There are interventions
problem to solve the problem.
3. Preventive potential 3/3×1 2 The family has means
to alleviate asthma
attacks but refuses to
seek consultation.
4. Salience 2/2×1 0 Family does not
perceive it as a
problem.
Total: 3.66
Scoring /Hypertension

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 3/3×1 1 It is a health deficit
condition or problem since the health
presented problem is already
present in the family
2. Modifiability of the 2/2×2 2 Current knowledge,
problem interventions, and
resources are available
to solve the problem of
hypertension
3. Preventive potential 3/3×1 1 Hypertension can be
prevented through
proper health teaching
and proper health
management of the
disease
4. Salience 2/2×1 1 The family perceives
hypertension as a
serious problem
needing attention
Total: 5

Scoring/ Poor environmental sanitation specifically improper drainage disposal as health threat

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

Nature of the 2/3 X1 0.66 It is a health threat
problem presented
Modifiability of the 2/2 X1 2 Easily modified
problem
Intervention and resources are
available to solve the problem
Preventive potential 3/3X1 1 Highly Preventive
Resources and manpower are
available only the attitude to
make a change for the
 environment
Salience 2/2X1 1 The family perceive it as a
condition or problem not
needing immediate attention
Total Score: 4.66

Scoring/Atherosclerosis

CRITERIA COMPUTATION ACTUAL SCORE JUSTIFICATION

1. Nature of the 3/3X1 1 It is a health deficit.
problem
2. Modifiability of 2/2X2 2 It is easily modified
the problem because the disease
itself can be cured
through proper lifestyle
and also with the help of
medication.
3. Preventive 3/3X1 1 The client is aware of
potential the condition and has
the means and resources
to buy maintenance
medication and go for
follow up check-up.
4. Salience 2/2X1 1 It is a problem needing
immediate attention to
prevent complications.
Total Score 5

Scoring/ Malnutrition

Criteria Computation Actual score Justification

1. Nature of the 3/3 x 1 1 It is a health deficit that
problem requires immediate
management to
eliminate untoward
consequences.
2. Modifiability of the 2/2 x 2 2 The problem is easily
problem modifiable since the
nurse’s resources are
available; she can help
the family on effective
budgeting of money
and scheduling of time;
she can develop the
 skills of other members
to achieve good
nutrition, proper food
selection and
preparation and feeding
practices.
3. Preventive potential 3/3 x 1 1 Susceptibility to other
diseases and infections
can be prevented if
malnutrition is
eliminated; normal
growth and
development can thus
be achieved
4. Salience of the 0/2 x 1 0 The family does not
problem recognize it as a
problem.
Total Score: 4

Scoring /Chain Smoker

Criteria Computation Actual Score Justification

1. Nature of the 1/3 x 1 0.33 It is a health threat
condition or problem
presented
2. Modifiability of the 2/2×2 1 It is easily modifiable
problem since the family has an
access to the
community and to the
nurse which the RHU is
just a few steps away
from the location of the
house.
3. Preventive potential 3/3×1 1 The client is aware of
the risks and has the
means to seek for
consultation but the
patient refuses to do so.
4. Salience 1/2×1 0.5 It is a condition not
needing attention
Total: 2.83
Prioritization

Problem no. Problems

1 Hypertension (5)
2 Atherosclerosis (5)
3 Improper Garbage Disposal (4.66)
4 Improper Drainage Disposal (4.66)

5 Improper Waste Disposal (4.33)

6 Diabetes (4)

7 Malnutrition (4)

8 Asthma (3.66)

9 Chain Smoker (2.83)