ST.

GREGORY COLLEGE OF VALENZUELA

162 P. Faustino St., Punturin, Valenzuela City

THE MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT TO THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS
OF ST. GREGORY COLLEGE OF VALENZUELA”

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
Senior High School Department

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Strand
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

CAPISTRANO, LANCE MARCO A.

GALIA, CARLIZLE MEI O.
GUEVARA, VENMARC F.
ROXAS, VINCE JURREL E.
April 2021
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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Everyone is often told that education starts at home, so in correlation the

very first teachers of every children are their parental figures. In these trying times,

now that education returned to being at home, it’s very essential for one to learn

how important communication is inside the house and within the family.

In this study, the goal is to learn how the guardians of learners affect their

overall performance as a student. With the current situation that is currently in

effect, it’s easy to forget the formality of a school environment, so this study is for

one to know how do the parents help provide the appropriate learning environment

for their children and how they are able to motivate them into doing their best when

it comes to their studies. Of course, not every family is the same when it comes to

how they discipline their children. One thing that our research would also like to

know is the different ways that guardians use in order to motivate the pupil, and

their corresponding effects to them, whether it affects them positively or negatively.

Parents in general should serve as a good example and act as a motivator

to their children, and this study’s inherent purpose is to prove that. One of the

beliefs that is upheld in this research is that education never ends even after school,

learning and teaching is a similar process so the education of the students should

also have a favorable effect towards the parent.

A similar study was made by McNeal (2014), where it was studied the

effects of a student’s behavior to their academic performance and how the parents

act as mediators. In this study, it was researched how parents’ involvement or lack
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thereof can lead to the truancy of the student and therefore would have an adverse

effect on their academic performance.

The part in which our study focuses on that this case study didn’t cover is

the motivational factors that the parents provide. This research will shed some light

on the ways that the parents could academically motivate their children to lead

them to performing better in general. While the mentioned study considered the

parent’s involvement as a factor that affects the student’s performance, it is not the

main focus of the study. Unlike that case study, this research’s goal is to find out

the motivational factors given by the parents to their child and its hopefully

favorable effects to their studies.

Theoretical Framework

Rudolf Dreikurs’s Theory on Positive Parenting and Child Guidance

According to the theory of Dreikurs (1964), the parent and the child should

have mutual respect for the relationship to work. All behavior has a purpose

(Dreikurs, 1964). Dreikurs (1964) discussed 4 roots of misbehavior that parents

need to manage to keep their children from the state of truancy:

1. Attention

2. Power

3. Revenge

4. Avoidance of Failure

Dreikurs (1964) called these factors “Mistaken Goals” and that parents

should avoid these factors of their child for them to grow up as someone that can

be taught important skills and habits leading them to succeed in various aspects of

their lives. They should not only be taught important skills but also the important
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attitudes that they should learn. Traits like not being too self-conscious and being

able to accept failure, if they can learn how to cope through these, they will have a

more positive work ethic and in theory, will be able to perform well.

Dreikurs (1964) explained on the topic of consequences in parenting that

any forms of punishment are not considered as an effective method of discipline,

he viewed that it comes across more as an act of revenge rather than a proper way

of disciplining a child. He stated that being punished is both offensive and

humiliating to the student, which will only affect them negatively. Dreikurs (1939)

adapted the Adlerian belief when it comes to parental education where they firmly

believe that encouragement is essential for the improvement of behavior and

human relationships. Adler & Dreikurs’s (1939) beliefs aim to give children the skills

order to face life challenges constructively for them to have the positivity and

courage to avoid the many pitfalls that they might confront within their lifetime.

In Dreikurs’ (1964) cognitive theory he stated that “anticipation influences

outcome” for example, the fear of making a certain mistake, if one were let that eat

away their character will eventually lead them to make that mistake. If someone is

expecting themselves to fail, that mindset alone will have the capacity to affect the

outcome of actions. These are the theories that Dreikurs (1964) emphasized in his

works.

This research will benefit from the study and beliefs that were presented by

Dreikurs et. al. (1964) and will serve as the theoretical framework for this study.

Dreikurs’ belief of the need for motivation and encouragement is going to the core

knowledge that will revolve around the duration of this research. The work and

theories of Dreikurs (1964) are similar to what the goal of this case study is, the
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only difference being this study will focus more on the effects of the presence and

support of a guardian figure to the learner and their studies.

Conceptual Framework

Fig. 1 Relationship between Parental Motivation and Academic Performance

The figure shows the predicted effect of the independent variable, “Parental

Motivation”, to the dependent variable “Academic Performance”. The researchers

of this present study predict that the presence of parental motivation in a student

will have a positive impact on their academic performance, while the lack thereof

will have an adverse effect.

The basis for this prediction is the stated cognitive theories from Rudolf

Dreikurs’s work, where he stated hypothesized various theories about the effects

of encouragement on the relationship and behavior of a person. If someone were

to follow the thought process behind the theories he made, then they will come up

with a similar conclusion.

The figure shown above shows a direct correlation of “Parental Motivation”

to the student, this represents what the goal of this case study is, to learn how
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“Parental Motivation” affects the student directly. Connected to it is an if-then

statement that shows the hypothesis made in this research with all of the current

findings as its basis. It states that if “Parental Motivation” is present in the life of a

student, then it would have a positive effect on their academics; inversely, it also

states that If the students lack “Parental Motivation”, then it would affect them

negatively.

Statement of the Problem

The main concern of this present study is to exemplify the motivational factors

of parental involvement to the academic performance of Grade 11 students of St.

Gregory College of Valenzuela.

In line with this objective, stated below are the problems that will be addressed

throughout the study:

1. What are the most common motivations that the parents of Grade 11

students of St. Gregory College of Valenzuela provide for their child?

2. How do these motivational factors affect the student’s academic

performance?

Significance of the Study

It has been said that learning is a lifelong process, so one could say that

someone’s current academic abilities and performance only represent a fraction of

a person’s life. Nevertheless, it is still essential to nourish our skills early on in life,

and what better way there is to learn than with the people closest to you.

One of the purposes of this study is for parents to learn what effective ways

there are to motivate their children and what are the proper ways to discipline them.

In correlation, our study aims to be of benefit to students in general for them to be

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provided with a better environment when it comes to their family and their

academics. All in all, this research aims to provide benefit to parents and their

children and also hopes that this study could improve their relationships more than

just in academic-related matters. If ever someone would view this research, this

study’s goal is to at the very least impart the importance of encouragement and

motivation to the education of children. In the future, the goal is to improve the

quality of education that a child gets, one of the best ways to implement that is by

starting with their homes.

Scope and Limitations

The scope of this study is the 11th-grade students of St. Gregory College of

Valenzuela. The considerations that were made in our study made for our scopes

is that the chosen group of people are the ones that are closest and are therefore

easiest to access. Though this research could have benefited from a broader

spectrum of respondents, it is intentionally avoided for the sake of the specificity of

this research and the considerations of the limitations that this study has.

When it comes to limitations, the situation that the world is in right now gives

us plenty of them. Paired with the limited number of respondents that we picked is

the limited means of communication, the research can mainly only be conducted

using online means. Regardless of these limitations, this research will see to it that

it will not suffer from any information bias.

Definition of Terms

Academics – creating in a person the ability to look at the world themselves, to

make their own decisions (Baldwin, 1960)

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Adlerian psychology – pertaining to the theories and practices of Alfred Adler, the

founder of individual psychology (Dreikurs, 1940)

Behavior – It is a mirror in which everyone displays his own image. (Goethe, 1800)

Discipline – is an act of cultivation connecting today’s actions to tomorrow’s results

(Blair, 2012)

Education – the most powerful weapon which you can change the world. (Mandela,

1993)

Guidance – the continuous process of helping the individual development in the

maximum of their capacity (Stoops, Wahlquist, 1958)

Involvement – when you do nothing you feel overwhelmed and powerless. But

when you participate you feel the sense of hope and accomplishment. (Angelou,

1920)

Motivation – the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and

persistence of efforts towards attaining a goal (Robbins, 2004)

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE & STUDIES

Local Literature

The book of Alampay (2013), discusses the styles of parenting styles that

might be normally visible withinside the Philippines. On how parents have

interacted with their children and the way does it affect their behavior. Alampay

additionally confirmed standards that might be informed withinside the book like

parental authority and the way does different parents assume their children to be

obedient. He additionally associated not unusual place varieties of family, just like

the households with OFW, and the way they affect the child. He additionally

confirmed how do children being tormented by the tradition of our country.

In the other book of Alampay with Rothenberg (2021), they both found out

that Filipino parenting differs over middle childhood and adolescence. It says that

parent’s way of controlling their children change over time. On their eight-year

assessment, they saw the relation between Parental Education and how they treat

their children. They also saw the relation in the mental maturity of the parents and

in them being in control.

According to Ochoa and Torre, parenting styles in the Philippines changed.

They said, kids, these days are more advanced than the previous generation. They

recommend that parenting should be evolved. They also said that parents should

teach their kids, rather than punishing them for doing a wrong thing. They

recommend things to parents so that they know how to engage with kids nowadays.

Parenting style is an important common category of Filipino parenting

studies. The typology of parenting style, based on original research by Diana

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Baumrind (1966), showed two elements of parenting - aspiration (directivity, control)

and responsiveness (caring, warmth), which affect children’s outcomes.

Authoritarian parents are supposed to be very demanding but not responsive,

permissive parents are not demanding but very responsive, authoritarian parents

are both very demanding and very responsive, and neglected parents are neither

demanding nor responsive. The relevant parenting style should be the best to have

protective factors against risk behavior in children and to support emotional and

mental health. The following summary shows common parenting styles in the local

area and their outcomes in children. Longitudinal studies in Cebu City showed that

most parents consistently had a revealing style over time, with mothers being more

consistent than fathers (Hock, 2013). The results also highlighted the gender roles

of men and women, mothers, and fathers in Filipino society. The styles of

upbringing differed according to the gender of the parents and the gender of the

children. Daughters reported stricter (authoritative, authoritarian) mothers and

fathers than sons. Sons reported that their mothers (70.3%) and fathers (58.7%)

had a more permissive parenting style than daughters (Hock et al. 2016, 111). The

authoritative style has been shown to predict a better level of education, better self-

esteem, and better protection from the son's drug use. This style was rated best

when teens want to spend time with family and parents on most topics and fit the

Filipinos family-oriented values. The younger respondents said the warm,

authoritative relationship they had with their parents was characterized by

generous praise and rewards such as hugs, precious time spent with them, the

effort put into preparing their meals, and the care and discipline they received

(Gilongos & Guarin 2013).

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According to Jimenez, Lockheed, and Paqueo (1991), one of the arguments

for the private sector to play a bigger role in providing education is that it would

increase efficiency as administrators become more attentive to the needs of

students and their parents. But what is the evidence? Based on case studies

comparing private and public secondary education in Colombia, Dominican

Republic, the Philippines, Tanzania, and Thailand, private students generally

outperform public students on standardized math and language tests. This finding

holds even if the fact is held constant that private school students in these countries

have, on average, a more favorable background than their public. Schoolmates.

Also, preliminary data shows that the unit costs of private schools are lower than

those of public schools. While these findings cannot, by themselves, be used as

arguments for massive privatization, they do indicate that governments should

reconsider policies that restrict private sector participation in education. Further

research is needed to determine whether certain pedagogical and administrative

practices in private schools apply to public schools.

At the end of the learning experience with the new teaching method, the

learning gains of the students are measured and the students' motivation to learn

science is determined. The importance of research has found that student

motivation has an impact on students' academic performance (Tella, 2007).

Considering both academic motivation and learning gain will help give an idea of

the implications of the new teaching approach for students. Academic performance

is a complex interplay of numerous factors. Several studies have been carried out

to highlight these factors. Among the many main factors are teaching motivation

and strategy. At the center of this study is brain-based learning specifically, Whole
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Brain Teaching. The idea is that to achieve holistic development of students, all

four areas of the brain must be satisfied. To address this theoretical foundation,

specific strategies are recommended in each lesson. Motivation can have several

components. These components will help define the level of motivation that

students have at the end of the evaluation period of this study.

In the study by Bawaneh, Zaid, and Saleh (2011) entitled “The Effect of

Hermann Whole Brain Teaching Method on student understanding of simple

electrical circuits” he tried to investigate the effect of the method on student

understanding. The authors tried to compare the Hermann Whole Brain Teaching

Method (HWBTM). and that of the traditional teaching method for eighth graders in

their understanding of simple electrical circuits in Jordan. Results showed that the

HWBTM was more successful than the conventional teaching method in fostering

students' understanding of simple electrical circuits. Also, in the study of Radin

(2009) entitled, "Teaching and learning compatible with the brain: implications for

teacher training," tried to find the author recommendations for the "best

instructional features compatible with the brain of current literature ". He also

investigated to what extent the exemplary high school teachers incorporate the

characteristics identified programs to prepare teachers in training and practices in

the classroom. The results of the study revealed the "Although exemplary teachers

could be marked as" brain-compatible ", there are still gaps in their ability to

articulate their successful techniques."

According to Deci and Ryan (2002), self-determination and relevance for

personal growth are part of the continuum of self-determination. According to Ryan

and Deci (2000), self-determination is the freedom of the student to have some
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choice and control over learning. Meanwhile, Lunenburg (2011) refers to self-

efficacy using other terms such as cognitive theory and social learning. She added

that self-efficacy influences the tasks chosen by an individual to learn, as well as

personal goals that are set. According to Bandura (1997), self-efficacy is a person's

belief in being able to perform well in tasks. The final component of motivation is

assessment anxiety. Fear is a normal human emotion, according to Hubert (2009),

that can be detrimental in a school, but good communication and support can help

minimize the negative effects. “It can also be divided into two categories:"

Characteristic fear "and" State fear ". Cassady and Johnson (2002) suggest that

moderate levels of anxiety are necessary for students to perform at their best.

Oudeyer and Kaplan (2008) identified intrinsic motivation as the engine of

spontaneous exploration and inquisitiveness. Intrinsic motivation was described by

Ryan and Deci (2000) as doing an activity for its intrinsic intent. Satisfaction, rather

than different results. Froiland et al. (2012) argue that intrinsic learning motivation

If cultivated, academic, social, and emotional enhancement can lead to.

Local Studies

According to Bacus (2014), the study she conducted showed that the

attitude of the students and the authoritative parenting style strongly affect the

students’ academic performance. The study also said that the self-concept and

permissive parenting style also showed to have a significant effect on the

achievement of students. The study showed that parenting styles affect the

students on their education.

In the study of Bartolome, Mamat, and Masnan (2017), they define the

parental involvement on their participation in the education of their children. They

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also compared the practices of parental education of another country to the

Philippines. They also explained how their proper education affects the children

and how should parents involve in it. They said that the schools should also be

aware of every parental style and how it helps when it comes to the education of

their children.

In the study of Dalisay (2014), he mentioned that the family is an important

role in every child’s development. In his study, he identified the parenting styles

and self-esteem among Criminology students. The students said that they have

authoritative parents that provide warmth love and acceptance for them and

educate them to become progressively responsible individuals.

Fabella (2020) studied parental involvement and the academic performance

of students. The study identified the relationship between the level of parental

involvement and the academic performance of the students by getting their general

weight average for the second grading period. The researcher also wants to

determine the relationship between parental involvement and academic

performance.

According to Tolentino (2009), parenting styles characterized by their way

of disciplining their children affect their interest in studying.

Students' educational fulfillment turned into measured through a goal

Chemistry success check. It includes seventy-five objects the usage of a couple of

desi12 months layout which pursuits to degree the chemistry information of college

students. Chemistry turned into selected due to the fact all 1/3 12 months

excessive faculty college students withinside the Philippines are required to take a

look at chemistry as a part of the curriculum, and all members on this take a look
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at had been 1/3 excessive college students. Items have been formulated primarily

based totally on the minimal studying skills installed with the aid of using the

Department of Education of the Philippine government. Ganotice's (2010b) look at

discovered this check to be a legitimate degree of Filipino excessive faculty college

students' chemistry understanding.

Aside from social goals, the PI precept additionally takes extrinsic dreams

beneath neath attention along with praise dreams, which refers to trying to find a

reward for schoolwork and token desires that take a look at with searching out

tangible rewards. Watkins, Mclnerney, and Lee (2002) discovered that token

dreams have been related to ground gaining knowledge of strategies among

college students from Hong Kong, Nepal, South Africa, and Zambia. Research in

the self-determination idea has moreover tested that the pursuit of extrinsic styles

of dreams may be unfavorable to one's instructional outcomes (Deci & Ryan, 2000).

Therefore, it is also critical to study extrinsic desires. Merely focusing on mastery

and general performance goals appear insufficient in investigating the complex

phenomenon of scholar motivation.

Aside from social desires, the PI principle moreover considers extrinsic

desires in conjunction with reward desires, which refers to looking for a reward for

schoolwork and token dreams that are searching for recommendation from looking

for tangible rewards. Watkins, McInerny, and Lee (2002) found that token dreams

were related to floor mastering strategies among college students from Hong Kong,

Nepal, South Africa, and Zambia. Research in the self-willpower idea has

additionally tested that the pursuit of extrinsic forms of desires may be averse to

one's academic outcomes (Deci & Ryan, 2000). Therefore, it is also essential to
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have a take study extrinsic desire. Merely that focuses on mastery and general

performance desires seems inadequate in investigating the complex phenomenon

of student motivation.

The same parental involvement in kids’ education can also enhance

youngsters’ social functioning. It might additionally also decorate their behavioral

behavior (e.g., following the policies in faculty, refraining from aggressive behavior)

and relationship with their peers. The skills and motivation that youngsters boom

even as their parents are concerned in their instructional lives, alongside the

advanced achievement, may moreover place children in a leadership function (e.g.,

taking exceptional initiative withinside the look at a room with their peers, refraining

from violating college room norms). Such behavior also can moreover foster

excessive first-class peer relationships because of the truth youngsters now not

handiest become role models but moreover interact in great interactions with their

peers (Bowlby, 1988; Cohn, 1990). On the other hand, whilst dad and mom’ are

worried about children’s instructional lives, they may communicate to youngsters

that they care about them (Grolnick & Slowciazek, 1994), which may moreover in

the long run contribute to a solid attachment between dad and mom and

youngsters. With the challenges of academic success (Skinner, 1999; Wolchich

and Sandler, 1997). Anchored on descriptive correlational design, this paper

contributes to current parental involvement literature through promoting parental

involvement in children’s education. First, attention has been directed towards the

effects of parents’ school-based and home-based involvement which are reliable

with the idea that such involvement is beneficial to children. Second, the question

of why parents should become involved in their children’s education has almost
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always been answered by the benefits for children’s school achievement.

Relatively little attention has been given to the possibility that parental involvement

may serve as a context for the development of adolescents’ socialization and

coping behaviors. Third, focusing on parents’ involvement in children’s schooling

highlights the significance of studying the quality of parental involvement rather

than simply the extent of their involvement. Fourth, bridging the gap between home

and school is a major objective of an educational policy at the national level.

Foreign Literature

In 2019, According to Saracostti and Lara, stated that Parental engagement

in school is a contributing factor in academic performance for children. In effect,

Parent-school collaboration facilitates the conceptualization of roles and

relationships and the wider effect on children's development. (Christenson and

Reschly 2010).

By this, according to Epstein and Sander (2000) Hotz and Pantano (2015)

Sebastian et al., (2017) that Families and schools are the key players in building

their responsibilities and modes of interaction from this approach, creating new and

varied behaviors to relate to each other according to the educational context. The

key results in the field of family schools indicate that this relationship has a positive

effect, leading to academic achievement and success, among other positive

consequences. Consequently, the findings showed a statistically significant

correlation between the presence of parents and the academic performance of a

child, over and above the intelligence effect of the child. A multiple mediation model

showed that on a standardized accomplishment test, the experience of cognitive

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competence by the child completely mediated the relationship between parent

participation and the success of the child. Calkins et al., (2010).

However, By Kreider et al., (2004) Parent engagement usually includes the

actions of parents in the home and school environments designed to promote the

educational success of their children. Parent engagement indicators usually

include the quality and frequency of teacher contact, as well as participation in

school events and activities. On the other hand, Catsambis (2001) stated that

Parent engagement also determines the beliefs and attitudes of parents toward

education and the expectations they hold for their children. In 2005, according to

The Center for Comprehensive School, Reform and Improvement stated that

Effective involvement of parents can be described as the active, ongoing

involvement of a parent or primary caregiver in his or her child's education. Parents

may show engagement at home-by reading with their kids, helping with homework,

and discussing school activities-or at school, by attending classroom events or

volunteering. Schools with parents involved engage these parents. Thus, Izzo et

al., (1999) conclude in their study that Parent involvement is generally thought of

as an avenue for promoting academic performance. Besides, parent involvement

may also enhance children's behavior at home and in the classroom as parents

and teachers work together to enhance social functioning and address problem

behaviors. A growing literature has demonstrated the benefits of parent

involvement for social functioning. Unlike all the other correlations, the link between

parents' helping with homework and the success of children is in the other direction:

children are a little less likely to do less well as parents become more interested in
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homework. The way some parents support can potentially undermine the

development of skills for children themselves. Barger et al., (2019).

Briefly, the family activities that are positively correlated with the above-

mentioned educational experiences of student’s levels of educational standards,

strong motivation, and acts that increase children's learning opportunities. There

are associations between parental engagement and educational results regardless

of the socioeconomic or racial/ethnic context of students (Catsambis, 2001).

Foreign Studies

In 2007, Martin stated that it is strongly interrelated to engagement and

desire to learn. The terms commitment and motivation are used by some

researchers interchangeably. Two of the key factors responsible for student

motivation and homework commitment are parent and teacher participation.

Research has established parent participation in homework as one way that can

affect student motivation and school involvement by parents and families. Parents

who offer homework assistance play a critical role not only in encouraging learning

but also in scaffolding strategies for time management and problem-solving. Moè

et al., (2018).

Besides, their interest in and support with homework predicts the self-

perception of competence of their children (Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2001;

Pomerantz et al., 2006). Some researchers found that students in middle and high

school who viewed their homework assignments as well-chosen or well-prepared

by their teachers showed greater student and class motivation and effort. Dettmers

et al., (2010)
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According to Ali et al., (2010), It is recommended that there should be

properly arranged for kids and they should also be helped with their homework and

should also be helped as they should be encouraged participation in the school's

co-curricular programs. Sources of positive reinforcement, such as gifts, wards, the

curse of their favorite/desirable locations, should be used to enhance the success

of children. Furthermore, many studies have shown that the deeper approach of

students to learning is better for their learning outcomes. When students are

primarily involved in academic tasks for understanding, they do these tasks more

deeply and meaningfully, using self-regulation strategies in their learning process

and exhibiting better well-being. (Bouffard et al., 2001; Midgley, 2002;

Vansteenkiste et al., 2005). However, Rosário et al., (2019) concluded that what

seemed to explain achievement was the perception of the students of the standard

of homework (i.e., tasks that are well selected by the teacher, interesting, relevant

to the material taught in class, and helpful for understanding the material covered

in class), rather than the form of homework set. Previous research has shown that

teacher homework input is positively linked to student interest in homework, as

viewed by students. Xu, (2008). The research by Núñez et al. (2015), for instance,

with students from different school years (grades 5-12), concluded that the higher

the understanding of teachers' homework input by students, the greater the amount

of homework completed and the better the management of homework time. Also,

according to Patall et al., (2008), Positive effects were observed in student attitudes

to homework concerning parental participation in homework, among other

variables. Pomerantz et al., (2007) found that Parental behavioral participation has

been shown to enhance student achievement because it enhances student

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motivation and facilitates student engagement. Relationships between parental

participation in homework and academic performance, however, have been widely

explored and investigated. Cortina and Gonida (2014).

It is therefore essential to distinguish between different dimensions of the

involvement of parental homework and not to concentrate only on its quantity.

Because various ways of involvement in parental homework can have conflicting

effects, an exclusive emphasis on the degree of involvement of parents can lead

to misleading conclusions about its effectiveness (Dumont et al., 2012)

Synthesis

The educational achievement of students demands urgent attention to attain

their goals. Numerous researches have been conducted to contribute to

determining the predictors of the educational success of college students. A

research work always takes the advantages of the information and the knowledge

that had been accumulated in the past because of constant research endeavor by

mankind.

According to Koul (2009), research can never be undertaken in isolation

from the work that has already been done on the problems related to the study

propose by any researcher. Every researcher reviewed the related literature from

the different resources that include research journals, articles, books, magazines,

encyclopedias, dissertations, abstracts, international yearbooks, theses, and most

important in the present era the internet access. A detailed account of the review

of related literature about variables under study, namely academic achievement,

parental encouragement, achievement motivation, and intelligence is presented

hereunder.
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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

In collecting knowledge about the present situation, the researchers used

the descriptive method using qualitative approaches (Krathwohl, 2009). The

systematic study of social phenomena in natural environments is qualitative

research. These phenomena can include but are not limited to, how people

interpret aspects of their lives, how individuals or groups communicate, and how

relationships are formed by interactions as stated by Martimianakis et al. (2015).

Researchers could simply collect knowledge by using qualitative analysis. This

approach is commonly used to understand views and attitudes. It provides

perspectives on various topics and helps to establish hypotheses or theories.

Qualitative research begins with a radically different set of standards or paradigms

than quantitative research focuses on those. Typically, qualitative research

includes interviewing people in organizations and collecting accurate information

through interview transcripts. To develop an understanding of the underlying

causes and motives, researchers use qualitative research. To discover prevalent

perception and opinion patterns.

This is a descriptive correlational study that used a questionnaire prepared

by the researcher. Descriptive study is a purposeful process of gathering, reviewing,

classifying, and tabulating data on prevailing circumstances, behaviors, attitudes,

procedures, patterns, and relationships between causes and effects, and then

making adequate and reliable interpretations of such data with or without the

benefit of statistical methods (Monsen & Horn, n.d.) Through this, Researchers will
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collect the following information using a descriptive research design. For three

components of position construction, interview transcripts were analyzed: (1) the

values, beliefs, priorities, and aspirations of parents related to the growth and

education of their children; (2) the ideas of parents about their responsibilities and

activities recorded in day-to-day education; and (3) the ideas of parents about their

roles and recorded actions related to significant decisions during the education of

the children. This descriptive study involves collecting data to address questions

about the current state of the study's topics. The collection of data to answer

questions about the status of the subjects in the study requires a descriptive

method of analysis. To collect knowledge about the current situation, the

researchers used the descriptive method with qualitative approaches.

By Identifying and collecting details using these strategies researchers will

be able to know the student satisfaction with learning, better academic

performance, motivation, school attachment, accountability and trust, better social

adaptation, and fewer disciplinary issues have all been identified as benefits of

involving parents in education. The purpose of these methods is to gather

information about how motivational factors affect the children by their parents’

supports and other reasons that could affect them. The main study aim was to

assess parents' engagement and how it contributes to their children's academic

success, as well as the factors that motivate them.

The Data

The systematic study of social phenomena in natural environments is

qualitative research. the phenomena or research is qualitative in the natural

environment. The collection of data to answer questions about the current status
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of the subjects in the study requires a descriptive method of analysis. The data is

a survey to question all students about academics.

The data that this study will surround on would will be within the population

of the Grade 11 Students of St. Gregory College of Valenzuela and their guardians

or parents who will be an important asset to interview. The chosen locale fits the

demographic that this research requires in terms of the data to be collected. The

characteristics for the correspondents that we are looking for are: a.) A student and

guardian pair that is willing to be interviewed and questioned. b.) People within the

range of this study. c.) Accessible for us to easily conduct the required data-

gathering procedures. Simply put, the rationale for the steps that this research will

take is that it will be looking for the most accessible group of people for there to be

no disturbances present that could affect the study.

The plan is to conduct a survey of the Grade 11 students of St. Gregory

College of Valenzuela which gathers the specifics of their academic performance

like their current average, and how much are their parents involved within their

studies. The next step Interview to the parents of the chosen correspondents to

have a clearer view of their motivational techniques towards their child. This

research will not use any physical instruments in its duration due to the given

limitations of the current climate, instead, this research will be conducted with use

online instruments. The survey, it’s going to be conducted through google forms,

and as for the interview, it will be made possible through the use of google meet or

other video chatting means. The instruments of data collection will be both be

subject completed and researcher completed for there to have a variety in the data

that will be collected and be used in this research. The survey will be subject
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completed, which means that the data result that this research will get will rely on

the respondent. The interview will be both subject and researcher completed due

to its general nature and it will be recorded to serve as supporting data for this

research. Because the interview will be recorded, it is going to be processed to

preserve the anonymity of the respondents and to follow the general ethics of a

research interview.

Data Gathering Procedure

Fig 2. Step-by-step procedure for our data gathering

In this research, there will be two data gathering procedures that will be

performed in its duration, one will serve as the primary data source and the other

will be the supporting data. In the case of our data gathering procedures, the

primary data source will be the survey because its contents will become the basis

for the conclusion. The interview with the parents on the other hand will serve as

the secondary data because it will only help enlighten and clarify the techniques of
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the parents for the discipline of their child. As the figure above is shown, the step-

by-step procedure that the data gathering procedure will go as follows:

a) Input:

A survey will be conducted among the Grade 11 students of St.

Gregory College of Valenzuela. An online interview will be performed

amongst the guardian figures of some of the chosen respondents.

b) Procedure:

The data from the interview and survey will be analyzed to relate the

two given variables in the conceptual framework of the study and to prove

the earlier hypothesis. The data from the findings will prove whether or not

parental guidance affects the child’s academic performance which was the

hypothesis in the earlier chapters

c) Output:

The data will be organized to create a suitable conclusion to be

presented as a research study. The findings in the survey will be presented

in a graph in order to visualize the data, then the data will be used to form

a proper conclusion depending on the results gathered in the input process.

In the survey, several questions will be asked to determine the presence of

parental motivation in the academic life of the student. They will also be required

to input their most recent quarterly average for the study to have a basis for their

academic abilities. The interview that will be performed alongside the survey will

serve as the data to complement the data gathered from the survey. That is the

reason why they are primary and secondary data respectively. Because the

primary data source of this research is a survey, the researchers will take extra
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measures to ensure its validity, for example when asking for the student’s general

average, the survey will require a photo proof of their report card for the data to be

considered reliable.

All-in-all, the figure that was shown above summarizes the process that this

research will undergo for the data gathering procedure.

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