CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies that provide important
and vital information on how research projects were designed and developed.
LOCAL STUDIES
According to Abdulla, Mohammad, & Nabil, (2016) Time management is the
process of organizing and planning how to divide your time between specific activities. It
is the skill in which all students should not only know, but also need to know how to
apply. Students have a lot of tasks and have to satisfy a lot of different lecturers, and
the grades for each subject are determined by the academic task quality.
Faisal, et al (2017) stated that there are a lot of students who are unsuccessful
in academic facing difficulties in their time management and complaint that they do not
have sufficient time to perform certain task.
Aduke (2016) stated that both of the procrastination and prioritization are the
common time management troubles for students who pursuit their academic. Thus, it is
crucial for students to learn and know some of the time management proper step. For
instance, prioritize the most important matters, and focus on issues, which are critical
for success.
FOREIGN STUDIES
According to Kithinji and Kanga (2017), in all education systems, academic
performance is the criterion or standard of judging the quality of student s learning
which is accepted globally. Academic performance usually is assessed by continuous
assessment or examinations. However, there is no public recognition on how academic
performance is best assessed or what aspects are crucial. Academic performance
appears to improve when time is well managed.
According to Olowookere et al, (2016) students’ improper time management are
related to lower academic achievement. Behaviours like inappropriate time allocation,
participating in unnecessarily activities that consume time, spending a lot of time on
social networks and last minute preparation for examination, have caused a huge
interruption for students and are often discussed as one of the main reasons for low
academic performance.
According to Mushtaq and Khan (2018) the student academic performance is
measured by many ways such as Cumulative. Academic performance is the outcome of
education— the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their
educational goals.
LOCAL LITERATURE
(Karim et al, 2015) stated that the literature revealed that time management
practices that connected to the individual's awareness and attitudes about time
management and is comparable the perception of having control over time. Therefore,
time attitudes comprise the perception that the individual is in control of time the
perception that the person is efficiently managing his time and the perception that the
individual is making constructive utilization of time.
FOREIGN LITERATURE
Alrheme and Almardeni (2017) aimed at identifying the students' viewpoint
about how to time in terms of planning, organizing, directing and censorship and its
effect on academic performance as long as identifying the personal variables effects on
academic performance. The data were collected through a sample of some junior high
students. The study results showed that the planning was of high effect on academic
performance proved by a correlation coefficient.
Nashrullah and Khan (2016) identified time management variables to include
planning (Short-range and long-range), time attitude as independent variables linking to
the students’ academic performance. Findings showed that time management variables
such as short-range, long-range and time attitude are significantly correlated to
students’ academic achievement.
Indreica et al. (2016) examined the influence of effective management to
students’ academic performance in terms of Grade Point Average (GPA). Findings
revealed that, effective management programs elevate the GPA and concluded that
successful students are good time managers. Specifically, factors such as time
management behaviors, time attitudes and control of time are significant predictors of
students’ academic performance. Students’ academic performance is usually measured
on the students’ GPA.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
