Assignment -1
1. a) Discuss in detail about pulse code modulation. [KL2 , CO1]
b) What is meant by a modulated signal? Explain with an example. [KL2, CO1]
2. a) Distinguish between static and dynamic characteristics of an instrument. [KL3 , CO1]
b) What are the main causes of environmental errors? Discuss the corrective measures
employed to eliminate these undesirable effects. [KL2, CO1]
3. a) Explain in detail about the dynamic characteristics of an instrument. [KL2 , CO1]
b) Define periodic and aperiodic signals. Explain the properties. [KL1, CO1]
4. a) Explain the following main static characteristics
(i) Accuracy (ii) Sensitivity (iii) Reproducibility (iv) Drift (v) Static error (vi) Dead zone
[KL2 , CO1]
b) What are the three main reasons to arise the instrumental errors? [KL2, CO1]
5. a) What is an error? Derive the expression for error in measurements. [KL2 , CO1]
b) What is meant by sampling? Discuss about sampled data. [KL3, CO1]
Assignment -2
1. a) What is an electrical transducer? Discuss its primary role and therefore its characteristics.
[KL2, CO2]
b) A strain gauge has a gauge factor of 4. If the strain gauge is attached to a metal bar that
stretches from 0.25 m to 0.255 m when strained. What is the percentage change in resistance?
If the unstrained value of gauge is 120Ω. What is resistance value of gauge after application
of strain? [KL4, CO2]
2. a) What is an LVDT? Explain its principle of working and discuss its merits and
demerits. [KL2, CO2]
b) A capacitive transducer of two parallel plates of overlapping area 6×10 -4 m2 is immersed
in water. The capacitance C has been found to be 10.5 pF. Determine the separation between
the plates and the sensitivity of the transducer in pF/m.
Given εr for water =81; εo =8.854×10-12 F/m. [KL4, CO2]
3. a) Why selection of a transducer is important? Give the points to be considered in
determining transducer suitability for a specific measurement. [KL4, CO2]
b) An LVDT is employed for measuring the deflection of a bellows. The sensitivity of the
LVDT is 60 V/mm. The bellows is deflected by 0.15 mm by a pressure of 1.2×10 6N/m2.
Determine the sensitivity of the LVDT in V per N/m2 and the pressure when the output
voltage is 4.5 V. [KL4, CO2]
4. a) State the requirements of a resistance strain gauge for its optimum working.
Define gauge factor and derive its expression with usual notations. [KL1, CO2]
b) A platinum resistance thermometer has a resistance of 125Ω at 20 0C. Determine its
resistance at 800C. The temperature coefficient of resistance of platinum at 20 0C is 0.004 Ω/
Ω/0C. If the resistance of the thermometer is found to be 210Ω, determine the temperature.
[KL4, CO2]
5. a) Draw the resistance vs temperature graph of a thermistor and explain in detail.
[KL1&2, CO2]
b) Explain the construction of a capacitive transducer in detail. [KL2, CO2]
Assignment -3
1. a) Derive the expression for gauge sensitivity of a strain gauge. [KL3, CO3]
b) Explain the working of strain gauge type of torque transducer. [KL2, CO3]
2. a) Explain with neat schematic the working of AC tachometer and its limitations.
b) Describe with neat sketch, the working of electromagnetic flow meter. Explain its
advantages. [KL2, CO3]
3. a) What are the devices are used for the measurement of temperature? Explain any one of
them. [KL2, CO3]
b) Explain the difference between velocity and angular velocity measurements. . [KL2, CO3]
4. a) What are the devices used for liquid level measurements? Explain any one method.
[KL2, CO3]
b) Explain the pressure measurement using resistive transducers. [KL2, CO3]
5. a) Draw the structure of a turbine flow meter and explain the construction.
[KL1 &2, CO3]
b) What are the different instruments that are used to measure Vacuum? Explain about
anyone. [KL2, CO3]
