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Understanding Statistics and Probability

This document provides definitions and examples of key concepts in statistics: - Descriptive statistics involves collecting and organizing data, while inferential statistics allows generalizing from samples to populations and determining relationships. - Probability is how likely an event is to occur, and it is used in classical and relative frequency applications. - A sample is a subgroup of a population, which refers to aggregates of people, objects, or events that can be large. Samples are used to represent populations and save time and money. - Examples are provided to distinguish between descriptive and inferential statistics applications and qualitative and quantitative variables.

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Erlena Mirador
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68 views2 pages

Understanding Statistics and Probability

This document provides definitions and examples of key concepts in statistics: - Descriptive statistics involves collecting and organizing data, while inferential statistics allows generalizing from samples to populations and determining relationships. - Probability is how likely an event is to occur, and it is used in classical and relative frequency applications. - A sample is a subgroup of a population, which refers to aggregates of people, objects, or events that can be large. Samples are used to represent populations and save time and money. - Examples are provided to distinguish between descriptive and inferential statistics applications and qualitative and quantitative variables.

Uploaded by

Erlena Mirador
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MIRADOR, ERLENA P.

BSED – 3A
Section – BSED MATH 2
2ND SEM -2020-2021

1. Name and define the two areas of statistics.

 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS - the collection and organization of data.


 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS – consist of generalizing from samples to populations, performing
hypothesis testing, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions.

2. What is Probability?

 Simply how likely something is to happen. Whenever we’re unsure about the outcome of an
event, we can talk about the probabilities of certain outcomes – how likely they are.

Two areas where probability is used:

o CLASSICAL PROBABILITY – applied to compute the probability of events for an


experiment all of whose outcomes are equally likely.
o RELATIVE FREQUENCIES – are not probability but approximately probabilities.

3. Explain the differences between a sample and a population.

 SAMPLE – is a subgroup of the population.


 POPULATION – refers to the groups or aggregates of people, objects, materials, events, or
things of any form. Sometimes populations can be very large.

4. Why are samples used in statistics?

 In order to save time and money.


 To present the population characteristics or traits.

5. In each of these statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used.

a. In the year 2010, 148 million Americans will be enrolled in an HMO (Source: USA
TODAY). - DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
b. Nine out of ten on-the-job fatalities are men (Source: USA TODAY Weekend).
- INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
c. Expenditures for the cable industry were $5.66 billion in 1996 (Source: USA TODAY)
- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
d. The median household income for people aged 25-34 is $ 35,888 (Source: USA TODAY)
- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
e. Allergy therapy makes bees go away (Source: Prevention)
- INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
f. Drinking decaffeinated coffee can raise cholesterol levels by 7% (Source: American Heart
Association).
- INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
g. The national average annual medicine expenditure per person is $1052 (Source: The
Greensburg Tribune Review)
- DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
h. Experts say that mortgage rates may soon hit bottom (Source: USA TODAY)
- INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
6. Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative.

a. Number of bicycles said in 1 year by a large sporting goods store.


- QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
b. Colors of baseball caps in a state.
- QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
c. Times it takes to cut a lawn.
- QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
d. Capacity in cubic feet of six truck beds.
- QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
e. Classification of children in a day care center (infant, toddler, preschool)
- QUALITATIVE VARIABLES
f. Weights of fish caught in Lake George.
- QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES
g. Marital status of faculty members in a large university.
- QUALITATIVE VARIABLES

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