Girder Stability Analysis v1.0 .

© Copyright 2019 by Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute .

Instructions .

Girder Stability Analysis Microsoft Excel Workbook Description

The Girder Stability Analysis Microsoft Excel Workbook provides stability calculations for many of the conditions
that a precast prestressed concrete bridge girder will experience during its journey from the prestressing bed to
its full incorporation into a bridge. This workbook closely follows and expands upon the PTC Mathcad workbook
used to produce the examples provided in the Recommended Practice for Lateral Stability of Precast,
Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders, First Edition (CB-02-16), hereinafter referred to as the Recommended
Practice. Calculations are presented in a format similar to that of traditional hand calculations, where the
formula is presented, then expanded with the values of the input variables inserted into the equation, followed
by the final answer to the equation. An example is shown below.

𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)=𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)
Effective Weight of Girder, wDC.girder.lift1 : (1+
〖𝐼𝑀〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)

= (0.826 klf)(1 + 0.00 )

= 0.826 klf

Stability checks are performed for the following conditions. The case label identifies the variable subscript
scheme used for each condition throughout the workbook:

Case lift1 Stability at lifting from bed hanging from vertical cables
Case lift1i Stability at lifting from the bed hanging from inclined cables
Case lift2 Stability at lifting in field hanging from vertical cables
Case lift2i Stability at lifting in field hanging from inclined cables
Case seat1 Stability at storage on dunnage
Case trans Stability at transport to field
Case seat2 Stability at seating of first girder in field on bearings
Case seat3 Stability in field subject to wind load for inactive construction
For a complete description of cases, see the Recommended Practice. Figures used in this workbook are
generic in nature, and show variables without the case label.
Design References cited in the development of this workbook include:
AASHTO. 2017. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition, American Association
of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC.
AASHTO. 1995. AASHTO Guide Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works, 1st Edition with 2008 Interims.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC.
AASHTO. 2017. AASHTO Guide Specifications for Wind Loads on Bridges During Construction, 1st Edition,
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC.
Mast, Robert F., 1989, "Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 1", PCI Journal,
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL, V.34, No. 1, (January-February), pp. 34-53.
Mast, Robert F., 1993, "Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2", PCI Journal,
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL, V.38, No. 1, (January-February), pp. 70-88.
NCHRP. 2008. Rotation Limits for Elastomeric Bearings, Report 596. National Cooperative Highway
Research Program. Published by the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 63pp.,
(Appendix F, 78 pp).
PCI. 2016. Recommended Practice for Lateral Stability of Precast, Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders.
(CB-02-16). First Edition, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL.
PCI. 2000. Tolerance Manual for Precast and Prestressed Concrete Construction, (MNL-135-00). First

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© Copyright 2019 by Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute .
Instructions .

Edition, Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL.

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Instructions .

The workbook is configured with the following tabs:

Instructions description of the workbook and operational instructions
Notation description of the notation used within the workbook
General Input worksheet where all of the input is entered and summaries of the
computational results are displayed for each of the stability cases.
Lift from Bed - Vertical calculations for case lift1
Lift from Bed - Inclined calculations for case lift1i
Seated on Dunnage calculations for case seat1
Seated on Transport calculations for case trans
Lift in Field - Vertical calculations for case lift2
Lift in Field - Inclined calculations for case lift2i
First Girder Seated on Bearings calculations for case seat2
Inactive Construction calculations for case seat3
Deck (Active) Construction calculations for stability in field during deck (active) construction
Bearing Rotational Stiffness calculation for elastomeric bearing pad rotational stiffness

Disclaimer
This spreadsheet has been prepared and reviewed through a Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI)
Committee process to present a state-of-the-art design aid for lateral stability of precast, prestressed concrete
bridge girders.

Significant effort has been taken by the PCI committee members and the contracted spreadsheet developers to
produce this spreadsheet in a manner consistent with that level of care and skill ordinarily exercised by
members of the engineering profession. They have exercised usual and customary care to incorporate into the
spreadsheet those national specifications, guidelines and standards which are in effect and applicable as of the
date of publication. No other representation, expressed or implied, and no warranty or guarantee is included or
intended.

PCI, its members and consultants cannot accept responsibility for any errors or oversights in the use of this
spreadsheet or in the preparation of any final design and engineering plans. Any changes to this spreadsheet
will be at the user's sole risk and without liability or legal exposure to PCI, its members and consultants.

This spreadsheet is intended for use by professional personnel who are competent to evaluate the significance
and limitations of its assumptions and computations and who are able to accept responsibility for the application
of the results. Actual conditions on any project must be given special consideration and more specific evaluation
and engineering judgment may be required that are beyond the intended scope of this spreadsheet.

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Girder Stability Analysis v1.0 .
© Copyright 2019 by Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute .
Instructions .

Operational Instructions
Prior to using the analysis presented in this workbook, the user should become familiar with the stability theory
and the criteria for girder stability presented in the Recommended Practice.

Input for the program is entered in the General Input tab. Cells where input may be entered are highlighted in
light gray with bold text as shown below:

This workbook can be used to analyze one or more specific cases, or all cases. If it is desired to remove the
inapplicable input sections from the General Input tab printout, those particular rows should be highlighted and
hidden [right click on highlighted rows, then click "Hide"]. To only print certain tabs, click on the first tab to be
printed, hold down the control key, then click on the remaining tabs to be printed to activate them. Under the
print command settings, select "Print Active Sheets", then print to your device.

The General Input tab is broken down into the following categories that are required for analysis of all cases:

Bridge Geometry
Bridge geometry input is limited to the overall length of girder, the number of girders in the typical section
and the distance from the end of the girder to centerline of bearing, which Is assumed to be the same at
both ends of the beam.

The basic configuration of the bridge assumes a simply supported girder and no skew at the ends of the
bridge. This assumption of no skew only affects the inactive construction case. In this case, multiple girders
with intermediate bracing resist the overall lateral deflection of all of the girders, acting as a system. Skew
tends to reduce the amount of deflection. Depending on the skew and the bracing locations, the calculation
for the deflection of the girders becomes very complex and beyond the scope of this workbook. Assuming
no skew is a conservative assumption for this inactive construction case.

Girder Properties
Girder property input includes the girder properties required for the design of the prestressed girder,
including girder height, area, flange widths, center of gravity, moments of inertia, and torsional constant. In
this section, several other section properties are computed based on the input.

Material Properties
Material property input includes the correction factor for modulus of elasticity, the unit weight of unreinforced
girder concrete and of the girder concrete with reinforcement, and the concrete density modification factor.
In this section, the weight per foot and total weight of the girder are computed based on the input.

Prestressing Properties
Prestressing properties input includes the location of the harp point from midspan, Lharp. This input defines
the location where critical concrete stresses are calculated. For girders with straight strands, the value of
Lharp should be set to 0.00 feet. In this section, the distance from the end of the girder to the harp point is
computed based on the input.

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Instructions .

Input Parameters for Individual Calculation Cases

The following section provides relevant information for each of the stability cases. For each case, general
parameters are defined, and a table is provided for girder input parameters and presentation of results. The
"Lifting with Vertical Cables" table is shown below as an example. Notation definition for the tables are provided
on the General Input worksheet. The input variables are shown for each case in the shaded blue area with bold
text. The calculation results are provided for the Factor of Safety against Cracking (FScr), the Factor of Safety
against Failure (FS'), and the bottom and top fiber concrete stresses in the girder at the critical location for
lateral stability. If a calculated value meets criteria, it will be shown with a green background. If a calculated
value does not meet design criteria, it will be shown with a red background. The input variables can be modified
until the calculation results all show a green value, indicating that the proposed design meets all design criteria.
Then the specific calculation tab should be checked to ensure that the intent of the designer has been
achieved. All of the tables operate in a similar manner.

Note that the sign convention for concrete stresses is negative for tension and positive for compression.

Guidance Notes for Lifting Cases

1. When using a value of ylift greater than
zero, the stiffness of the projection out of
the top of the girder must be great
enough to minimize its lateral deflection.
This stiffness is assumed for the
equilibrium and factor of safety
equations in the workbook, which
include ylift as part of yr. Refer to the
Recommended Practice for additional
discussion on this requirement. For
strand lifting loops, ylift should be taken
as zero.

2. Impact factor at stage, IM: Impact is

applied to the girders to account for the
effects of handling the precast element
and is applied in lifting and transport
cases only. Both downward impact and
upward rebound impact should be
checked independently to determine
which case is critical. Downward impact
is positive, while upward rebound impact
is negative. Refer to Chapter 4 of the
Recommended Practice for guidance.

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Instructions .

3. When utilizing end cantilevers to

counterbalance the center of mass
closer to the roll axis (alift > dbearing), the
user must check the concrete tension
and compression stresses at the lift
points, and the workbook input should
be revised accordingly. These
calculations are not performed in this
workbook.

4. For lifting with inclined cables, yupper.yoke is the

distance from ylift above the girder to where
the cables meet, as shown in the diagram to
the right.

5. For lifting cases only, wind is considered in

both left and right directions. Refer to
diagrams in the individual tabs.

Guidance Notes for Seated Cases

1. For all seated cases, the roll center of the
bearing is assumed at mid-height of the
bearing. This value, defined as ybrg.seat, may be
adjusted, depending on the type of bearing
utilized. This distance is included within the yr
dimension.

2. The last tab provides a calculation of lateral roll

bearing stiffness, Kθ.z, for a steel reinforced
elastomeric bearing set normal to the centerline
of girder, which is the recommendation
contained within the Recommended Practice.
Refer to the Recommended Practice for a
discussion of potential stiffness reduction for the
case where the bearing is skewed from this
normal condition.

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Instructions .

Guidance Notes for Transport Case

1. The directions of wind force and centrifugal force are shown in the figure below.

The workbook Seated on Transport case is developed from the Recommended Practice where the
critical cases checked cause the girder in the figure below to rotate farther to the left. These cases
include:
a. A transport vehicle breakdown or stopped condition on a superelevated curve, where the design
speed and the radius are taken as zero.
b. A transport travelling around a curve with adverse superelevation, such as at a left turn within an
intersection.
Centrifugal force is not intended to increase Factors of Safety around curves. This workbook should not
be used to analyze turning at high speeds, or high crosswinds, where the tendency is to rotate the girder
towards the right.

2. Definition of variables hroll and zmax is provided in the figure below. Refer to the Recommended Practice
for definition of other variables shown in the figure.

Guidance Notes for Active Construction Stage Case

1. Recommended Practice Figure
5.4.3-1 is included here to
provide some guidance
regarding variables included in
the General Input tab. Coping is
the terminology for the extension
of the deck beyond the outside
face (tip) of the girder top flange.

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Instructions .

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Notation

Notation

Agirder = girder section area

Ar = dimensionless constant for computation of bearing rotational stiffness
a = length of cantilever
acr = elastomer creep coefficient
aharp = harp location from girder end
alift1 = lift connection locations from end of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
alift1i = lift connection locations from end of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
alift2 = lift connection locations from end of girder; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
alift2i = lift connection locations from end of girder; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
aseat1 = lift connection locations from end of girder; single girder on dunnage
aseat2 = lift connection locations from end of girder; single girder on bearings in field
aseat3 = lift connection locations from end of girder; multiple girders on bearings in field
atrans = lift connection locations from end of girder; transport to bridge site
Bθ.z.trans = dimensionless constant for computation of bearing rotational stiffness
bbottomflange = girder bottom flange width
btopflange = girder top flange width
Cd = wind pressure (drag) coefficient
CE = centrifugal force
CEtrans = centrifugal force, transport to bridge site
CG = center of gravity
coverred = reduction in concrete cover
deg = degrees
Ec = modulus of elasticity of girder concrete
Ec.lift.1 = modulus of elasticity of concrete; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
Ec.lift.1i = modulus of elasticity of concrete; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
Ec.lift.2 = modulus of elasticity of concrete; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
Ec.lift.2i = modulus of elasticity of concrete; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
Ec.seat.1 = modulus of elasticity of concrete; single girder on dunnage
Ec.seat.2 = modulus of elasticity of concrete; single girder on bearings in field
Ec.seat.3 = modulus of elasticity of concrete; multiple girders on bearings in field
Ec.trans = modulus of elasticity of concrete; transport to bridge site
ebrg.seat1 = bearing tolerance from CL of girder to CL of support; girder seated on dunnage
ebrg.seat2 = bearing tolerance from CL of girder to CL of support; single girder seated on
bearings in field
ebrg.seat3 = bearing tolerance from CL of girder to CL of support; multiple girders seated on
bearings
ebrace = amount of play, imperfection, in each brace; multiple girders on bearings in field
ebunk.trans = bunking tolerance from CL of girder to CL of support; transport to bridge site
eccserv.seat3 = maximum eccentricity with full bearing with all loads; multiple girders seated on

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Notation

bearings
econn = lateral tolerance of lift device from centerline of girder
econn.lift1 = tolerance of lift connection from centerline of girder: girder lifted from bed
w/ vertical slings
econn.lift1i = tolerance of lift connection from centerline of girder: girder lifted from bed
w/ inclined slings
econn.lift2 = tolerance of lift connection from centerline of girder: girder lifted in field
w/ vertical slings
econn.lift2i = tolerance of lift connection from centerline of girder: girder lifted in field
w/ inclined slings
eh.lift1i = eccentricity factor at section under consider between pick points;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
eh.lift2i = eccentricity factor at section under consider between pick points;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
eh.lift1i.wr,wl = center of mass eccentricity of the horizontal component of the lift force
to the section under consideration with wind right, left;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
eh.lift2i.wr,wl = center of mass eccentricity of the horizontal component of the lift force
to the section under consideration with wind right, left;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
ei.lift1 = center of mass eccentricity of lateral deflection (sweep); girder lifted
from bed w/ vertical slings
ei.lift1i = center of mass eccentricity of lateral deflection (sweep); girder lifted
from bed w/ inclined slings
ei.lift2 = center of mass eccentricity of lateral deflection (sweep); girder lifted
in field w/ vertical slings
ei.lift2i = center of mass eccentricity of lateral deflection (sweep); girder lifted
in field w/ inclined slings
ei.seat1 = center of mass eccentricity of lateral deflection (sweep);
single girder on dunnage
ei.seat2 = center of mass eccentricity of lateral deflection (sweep);
single girder on bearings in field
ei.seat3 = center of mass eccentricity of lateral deflection (sweep);
multiple girders on bearings in field
ei.trans = center of mass eccentricity of lateral deflection (sweep); transport to bridge site
ei.tol = lateral deflection (sweep) tolerance
etotal = lateral deflection (sweep)
etotal.lift1 = lateral deflection (sweep); girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
etotal.lift1i = lateral deflection (sweep); girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
etotal.lift2 = lateral deflection (sweep); girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
etotal.lift2i = lateral deflection (sweep); girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings

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Notation

etotal.seat1 = lateral deflection (sweep); single girder on dunnage

etotal.seat2 = lateral deflection (sweep); single girder on bearings in field
etotal.seat3 = lateral deflection (sweep); multiple girders on bearings in field
etotal.trans = lateral deflection (sweep); transport to bridge site
ei.mod.lift1i = lateral deflection modifier at time of lifting from the casting bed
ei.mod.lift2i = lateral deflection modifier at time of lifting in the field
ewind.lift1 = eccentricity of wind load; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
ewind.lift1i = eccentricity of wind load; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
ewind.lift2 = eccentricity of wind load; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
ewind.lift2i = eccentricity of wind load; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
ewind.seat3 = eccentricity of wind load; multiple girders on bearings in field in field
Fbrace.seat3 = horizontal bracing force at service; multiple girders on bearings in field
Fmod = effective resistance of bracing; multiple girders on bearings in field
Fot.seat2 = lateral force concurrent with Mot.seat2
FScr.lift1 = factor of safety against cracking; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
FScr.lift1.wr,wl = factor of safety against cracking with wind right,left; girder lifted from bed
w/ vertical slings
FScr.lift1i = factor of safety against cracking; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
FScr.lift1i.wr,wl = factor of safety against cracking with wind right,left; girder lifted from bed
w/ inclined slings
FScr.lift2 = factor of safety against cracking; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
FScr.lift2.wr,wl = factor of safety against cracking with wind right,left; girder lifted in field
w/ vertical slings
FScr.lift2i = factor of safety against cracking; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
FScr.lift2i.wr,wl = factor of safety against cracking with wind right,left; girder lifted in field
w/ inclined slings
FScr.seat1 = factor of safety against cracking; single girder on dunnage
FScr.seat2 = factor of safety against cracking; single girder on bearings in field
FScr.seat3 = factor of safety against cracking; multiple girders on bearings in field
FScr.trans = factor of safety against cracking; transport to bridge site
FSroll.seat1 = factor of safety against rollover failure; single girder on dunnage
FSroll.seat2 = factor of safety against rollover failure; single girder seated on bearings in field
FSroll.trans = factor of safety against rollover failure of girder and truck; transport to bridge site
FSult.lift1 = factor of safety against failure; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
FSult.lift1.wr,wl = factor of safety against failure with wind right,left; girder lifted from bed
w/ vertical slings
FSult.lift1i = factor of safety against failure; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
FSult.lift1i.wr,wl = factor of safety against failure with wind right,left; girder lifted from bed
w/ inclined slings
FSult.lift2 = factor of safety against failure; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
FSult.lift2.wr,wl = factor of safety against failure with wind right,left; girder lifted in field

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Notation

w/ vertical slings
FSult.lift2i = factor of safety against failure; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
FSult.lift2i.wr,wl = factor of safety against failure with wind right,left; girder lifted in field
w/ inclined slings
FSult.seat1 = factor of safety against failure; single girder on dunnage
FSult.seat2 = factor of safety against failure; single girder on bearings in field
FSult.seat3 = factor of safety against failure; multiple girders on bearings in field
FSult.trans = factor of safety against failure; transport to bridge site
fb.ck.lift1.wr,wl = critical stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left
fb.ck.lift1i.wr,wl = critical stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left
fb.ck.lift2.wr,wl = critical stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left
fb.ck.lift2i.wr,wl = critical stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left
fb.lift1.wr,wl = base stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left
fb.lift1i.wr,wl = base stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left
fb.lift2.wr,wl = base stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left
fb.lift2i.wr,wl = base stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left
fb.lift1.wr,right,left = stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings;
right, left flange tip of girder
fb.lift1i.wr,right,left = stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings;
right, left flange tip of girder
fb.lift2.wr,right,left = stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings;
right, left flange tip of girder
fb.lift2i.wr,right,left = stress in bottom of girder; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings;
right, left flange tip of girder
fb.seat1 = stress in bottom of girder; single girder on dunnage
fb.seat2 = stress in bottom of girder; single girder on bearings in field
fb.seat3 = stress in bottom of girder; multiple girders on bearings in field
fb.trans = stress in bottom of girder; transport to bridge site
f 'c = specified concrete compressive strength
fci = concrete compressive strength at release of prestress
fc.lift1 = concrete compressive strength; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
fc.lift1i = concrete compressive strength; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
fc.lift2 = concrete compressive strength; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings

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Notation

fc.lift2i = concrete compressive strength; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings

fc.seat1 = concrete compressive strength; single girder on dunnage
fc.seat2 = concrete compressive strength; single girder on bearings in field
fc.seat3 = concrete compressive strength; multiple girders on bearings in field
fc.trans = concrete compressive strength; transport to bridge site
feq.b.seat1 = stress in bottom of girder at equilibrium; single girder on dunnage
feq.b.seat2 = stress in bottom of girder at equilibrium; single girder on bearings in field
feq.b.seat3 = stress in bottom of girder at equilibrium; multiple girders on bearings in field
feq.b.trans = stress in bottom of girder at equilibrium; transport to bridge site
feq.t.seat1 = stress in top of girder at equilibrium; single girder on dunnage
feq.t.seat2 = stress in top of girder at equilibrium; single girder on bearings in field
feq.t.seat3 = stress in top of girder at equilibrium; multiple girders on bearings in field
feq.t.trans = stress in top of girder at equilibrium; transport to bridge site
fr = modulus of rupture of concrete
fr.lift1 = modulus of rupture of concrete; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
fr.lift1i = modulus of rupture of concrete; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
fr.lift2 = modulus of rupture of concrete; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
fr.lift2i = modulus of rupture of concrete; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
fr.seat1 = modulus of rupture of concrete; single girder on dunnage
fr.seat2 = modulus of rupture of concrete; single girder on bearings in field
fr.seat3 = modulus of rupture of concrete; multiple girders on bearings in field
fr.trans = modulus of rupture of concrete; transport to bridge site
ft = foot(feet)
ft.ck.lift1.wr,wl = critical stress in top of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left
ft.ck.lift1i.wr,wl = critical stress in top of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left
ft.ck.lift2.wr,wl = critical stress in top of girder; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left
ft.ck.lift2i.wr,wl = critical stress in top of girder; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left
ft.lift1.wr,wl = base stress in top of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left
ft.lift1i.wr,wl = base stress in top of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left
ft.lift2.wr,wl = base stress in top of girder; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left
ft.lift2i.wr,wl = base stress in top of girder; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left
ft.lift1.wr,right,left = stress in top of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings;
right, left flange tip of girder

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Notation

ft.lift1.wr,right,left = stress in top of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings;
right, left flange tip of girder
ft.lift1.wr,right,left = stress in top of girder; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings;
right, left flange tip of girder
ft.lift1.wr,right,left = stress in top of girder; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings;
right, left flange tip of girder
ft.seat1 = stress in top of girder; single girder on dunnage
ft.seat2 = stress in top of girder; single girder on bearings in field
ft.seat3 = stress in top of girder; multiple girders on bearings in field
ft.trans = stress in top of girder; transport to bridge site
Gbp = elastomer shear modulus
hgirder = girder section height
hbrg = total bearing height
hri = thickness of interior elastomer layers
hroll.seat1 = height of roll center above bearing pedestal; single girder on dunnage
hroll.seat2 = height of roll center above bearing pedestal; single girder on bearings in field
hroll.trans = height of roll center above roadway; transport to bridge site
hrubber = total thickness of rubber bearing pad
hwind.trans = height of girder midpoint above roll center during transit
Ibrg.z = bearing moment of inertia about bearing z axis
IMlift1 = lifting impact factor; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
IMlift1i = lifting impact factor; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
IMlift2 = lifting impact factor; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
IMlift2i = lifting impact factor; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
IMtrans = impact factor; transport to bridge site
in = inch
Ix = moment of inertia about horizontal axis
Iy = moment of inertia about vertical axis
Jgirder = torsional constant
Kbp = elastomer bulk modulus
K1 = correction factor for Modulus of Elasticity due to source of aggregate
Kθ.seat1 = bearing rotational stiffness; single girder on dunnage
Kθ.seat2 = bearing rotational stiffness; single girder on bearings in field
Kθ.seat3 = bearing rotational stiffness; multiple girders on bearings in field
Kθ.trans = stiffness of transport rig; transport to bridge site
kip-in = kip-inch
kip-ft = kip-feet
klf = kips per linear foot
L1.lift1 = overall length of girder between lift points; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
L1.lift1i = overall length of girder between lift points; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
L1.lift2 = overall length of girder between lift points; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings

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Notation

L1.lift2i = overall length of girder between lift points; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
Lseat1 = overall length of girder between bearing locations; single girder on dunnage
Lseat2 = overall length of girder between bearing locations; single girder on bearings in field
Lseat3 = overall length of girder between bearing locations; multiple girders on bearings in field
Ltrans = overall length of girder between bunking locations; transport to bridge site
Lbrg = plan dimension of bearing pad perpendicular to axis of rotation
LCLL3 = length over which construction live load on walkway extension is applied
Lgirder = overall length of girder
Lharp = distance from midspan to strand draping harp point
MCE.trans = lateral girder moment due to centrifugal force during transit
Mg.lift1 = moment due to gravity load; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
Mg.lift1i = moment due to gravity load; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
Mg.lift2 = moment due to gravity load; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
Mg.lift2i = moment due to gravity load; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
Mg.seat1 = moment due to gravity load; single girder on dunnage
Mg.seat2 = moment due to gravity load; single girder on bearings in field
Mg.seat3 = moment due to gravity load; multiple girders on bearings in field
Mg.trans = moment due to gravity load; transport to bridge site
Mh.lift1i.wr,wl = lateral moment due to Ph.lift1i applied with eccentricity;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings, wind right, left
Mh.lift2i.wr,wl = lateral moment due to Ph.lift2i applied with eccentricity;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings, wind right, left
Mlat.lift1.wr,wl = lateral moment to cause cracking; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings,
wind right, left
Mlat.lift1i.wr,wl = lateral moment to cause cracking; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
wind right, left
Mlat.lift2.wr,wl = lateral moment to cause cracking; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
wind right, left
Mlat.lift2i.wr,wl = lateral moment to cause cracking; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
wind right, left
Mlat.seat1 = lateral moment to cause cracking; single girder on dunnage
Mlat.seat2 = lateral moment to cause cracking; single girder on bearings in field
Mlat.seat3 = lateral moment to cause cracking; multiple girders on bearings in field
Mlat.trans = lateral moment to cause cracking; transport to bridge site
Mlift.seat3 = uplift moment due to wind; multiple girders on bearings in field
Mmod = effective moment coefficient due to bracing; multiple girders on bearings in field
Mot.seat1 = overturning moment due to wind; single girder on dunnage
Mot.seat1.brace = overturning moment resisted by bracing if needed (each end);
single girder on dunnage
Mot.seat2 = overturning moment due to wind; single girder on bearings in field
Mot.seat2.brace = overturning moment resisted by bracing if needed (each end)

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Notation

single girder on bearings in field

Mot.seat3 = overturning moment due to wind; multiple girders on bearings in field
Mot.seat3.brace = overturning moment resisted by bracing if needed (each end)
multiple girders on bearings in field
Mroll.seat1 = overturning moment from wind; single girder on dunnage
Mroll.seat2 = overturning moment from wind; single girder on bearings in field
Mroll.trans = overturning moment from wind and centrifugal force; transport to bridge site
Mt.trans = total lateral moment due to wind and centrifugal force; transport to bridge site
Mult.y.lift1 = ultimate lateral moment capacity required; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
Mult.y.lift1i = ultimate lateral moment capacity required; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
Mult.y.lift2 = ultimate lateral moment capacity required; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
Mult.y.lift2i = ultimate lateral moment capacity required; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
Mwind.lift1 = lateral moment due to wind; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
Mwind.lift1i = lateral moment due to wind; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
Mwind.lift2 = lateral moment due to wind; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
Mwind.lift2i = lateral moment due to wind; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
Mwind.seat1 = lateral moment due to wind; single girder on dunnage
Mwind.seat2 = lateral moment due to wind; single girder on bearings in field
Mwind.seat3 = lateral moment due to wind; multiple girders on bearings in field
Mwind.trans = lateral moment due to wind; transport to bridge site
ngirders = number of girders in cross section
nbraces = number of braces; multiple girders on bearings in field
nri = number of interior elastomer layers
offsetlift1 = eccentricity reduction factor; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
offsetlift1i = eccentricity reduction factor; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
offsetlift2 = eccentricity reduction factor; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
offsetlift2i = eccentricity reduction factor; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
offsetseat1 = eccentricity reduction factor; single girder on dunnage
offsetseat2 = eccentricity reduction factor; single girder on bearings in field
offsetseat3 = eccentricity reduction factor; multiple girders on bearings in field
offsettrans = eccentricity reduction factor; transport to bridge site
PCLL2 = construction live load from screed machine; multiple girders on bearings in field
PCLL3 = live load on walkway; multiple girders on bearings in field
Pcr.lift1i = critical buckling load; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
Pcr.lift2i = critical buckling load; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
Peff.lift1 = effective prestress force; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
Peff.lift1i = effective prestress force; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
Peff.lift2 = effective prestress force; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
Peff.lift2i = effective prestress force; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
Peff.seat1 = effective prestress force; single girder on dunnage
Peff.seat2 = effective prestress force; single girder on bearings in field

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Notation

Peff.seat3 = effective prestress force; multiple girders on bearings in field

Peff.trans = effective prestress force; transport to bridge site
Ph.lift1i = horizontal component of tension force in the inclined cable;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
Ph.lift2i = horizontal component of tension force in the inclined cable;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
plf = pounds per linear foot
rad = radians
Radiustrans = turn radius
Sbrg = bearing shape factor
SSGpct = percentage of wind force on simple span girder
Sx.t = top section modulus, horizontal axis
Sx.b = bottom section modulus, horizontal axis axis
Sy.t = top section modulus, vertical axis
Sy.b = bottom section modulus, vertical axis

sext = walkway formwork extension length beyond coping; multiple girders seated on
bearings
sgirder = girder spacing; multiple girders on bearings in field
sgirder.ext = girder spacing adjacent to exterior girder; multiple girders on bearings in field
soh = overhang from CL of exterior girder to coping; multiple girders on bearings in field
sscreed = distance from coping to screed rail; multiple girders on bearings in field
𝑇_( 〖𝐶𝐿𝐿 1 〗 _0 ) = torque from live load on concrete deck between girders; multiple girders
seated on bearings
𝑇_( 〖𝐶𝐿𝐿 1 〗 _1 ) = torque from live load on concrete deck over girder; multiple girders seated on
bearings
𝑇_( 〖𝐶𝐿𝐿 1 〗 _2 ) = torque from live load on deck cantilever; multiple girders on bearings in field
TCLL2 = torque from live load due to screed machine; multiple girders seated on
bearings
TCLL3 = torque from live load on walkway; multiple girders on bearings in field
𝑡_( 〖𝐷𝐶 1 〗 _0 ) = unit torque on edge girder due to weight of concrete deck between girders; multiple
girders seated on bearings
𝑡_( 〖𝐷𝐶 1 〗 _1 ) = unit torque on edge girder due to weight of concrete deck over girder; multiple
𝑡_( 〖𝐷𝐶 1 〗 _2 ) girders seated on bearings
= unit torque on edge girder due to cantilevered deck; multiple girders seated on
bearings
𝑡_( 〖𝐷𝐶 2 〗 _0 ) = unit torque on edge girder due to stay-in-place deck forms; multiple girders
seated on bearings
𝑡_( 〖𝐷𝐶 2 〗 _1 ) = unit torque on edge girder without deck forms; multiple girders on bearings in field
𝑡_( 〖𝐷𝐶 2 〗 _2 ) = unit torque on edge girder due to weight of stay-in-place deck forms; multiple
girders seated on bearings

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Notation

ttotal = total overturning on girder from uniform torques

tbup = build up thickness over girder; multiple girders on bearings in field
tdeck = concrete deck thickness; multiple girders on bearings in field
Veltrans = design speed in turn
WS = wind load
Wgirder = total weight of girder
Wgirder.trans = effective girder weight during transit
Wbrg = plan dimension of bearing pad parallel to axis of rotation
Wbrg.seat1 = plan dimension of bearing pad parallel to axis of rotation; single girder on dunnage
Wbrg.seat2 = plan dimension of bearing pad parallel to axis of rotation; single girder on
bearings in field
Wbrg.seat3 = plan dimension of bearing pad parallel to axis of rotation; muliple girders on
bearings in field
wc = unit weight of unreinforced girder concrete concrete
w_CLL1 = construction live load on deck; multiple girders on bearings in field
w_( 〖 CLL1 〗 _0 ) = live load on deck between girders applied at tip of girder flange; multiple girders
seated on bearings

w_( 〖 CLL1 〗 _1 ) = live load on concrete deck over girder applied at CL of girder; multiple girders
seated on bearings
w_( 〖 CLL1 〗 _2 ) = live load on deck cantilever applied at CG of deck beyond tip of girder ; multiple
girders seated on bearings
w_CLL3 = construction live load on walkway extension; multiple girders on bearings in field
wconc.deck = weight of concrete in deck; multiple girders on bearings in field, active
construction
wDC.girder = unit weight of girder
wDC.girder.lift1 = effective unit weight of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
wDC.girder.lift1i = effective unit weight of girder; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
wDC.girder.lift2 = effective unit weight of girder; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
wDC.girder.lift2i = effective unit weight of girder; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
wDC.girder.seat2 = effective unit weight of girder; single girder on bearings in field
wDC.girder.seat3 = effective unit weight of girder; multiple girders on bearings in field
wDC.girder.trans = effective unit weight of girder; transport to bridge site
w_( 〖 DC1 〗 _0 ) = weight of concrete deck between girders; multiple girders on bearings in field
"w" _( 〖 DC1 〗 _1 ) = weight of concrete deck over girder; multiple girders on bearings in field
w_( 〖 DC1 〗 _2 ) = weight of concrete deck cantilever; multiple girders on bearings in field
w_( 〖 DC2 〗 _1 ) = weight of concrete deck over girder without forms; multiple girders seated on
bearings
w_( 〖 DC2 〗 _2 ) = weight of stay-in-place deck forms; multiple girders on bearings in field
wform.cant = weight of removable cantilever deck forms and handrail; multiple girders
seated on bearings

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Notation

wgirder = unit weight of girder concrete with reinforcement

Wgirder = total weight of girder concrete with reinforcement
wlift.seat3 = vertical wind uplift force; multiple girders on bearings in field
wr, wl = wind right, wind left
wsip = weight of stay-in-place forms and concrete fill in flutes; multiple girders seated
on bearings
wwind.global = total wind force resisted by all girders
wwind.lift1 = lateral wind force; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
wwind.lift1i = lateral wind force; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
wwind.lift2 = lateral wind force; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
wwind.lift2i = lateral wind force; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
wwind.seat1 = lateral wind force; single girder on dunnage
wwind.seat2 = lateral wind force; single girder on bearings in field
wwind.seat3 = lateral wind force; multiple girders on bearings in field
wwind.trans = lateral wind force; transport to bridge site
x = distance from girder end to point under consideration
yb = distance from bottom of girder to CG of girder section
ybrg.seat1 = height from roll center to bottom of girder; single girder on dunnage
ybrg.seat2 = height from roll center to bottom of girder; single girder on bearings in field
ycgs.mid = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan
ycgs.mid.lift1 = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan;
girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
ycgs.mid.lift1i = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
ycgs.mid.lift2 = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan;
girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
ycgs.mid.lift2i = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
ycgs.mid.seat1 = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan;
single girder on dunnage
ycgs.mid.seat2 = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan;
single girder on bearings in field
ycgs.mid.seat3 = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan;
multiple girders on bearings in field
ycgs.mid.trans = distance from bottom of girder to CG strands at midspan; transport to bridge site
ylift = rigid extension of lift device above top of girder
yr.lift1 = height of the CG of the cambered arc below lift points;
girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
yr.lift1i = height of the CG of the cambered arc below lift points;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
yr.lift2 = height of the CG of the cambered arc below lift points;

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Notation

girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings

yr.lift2i = height of the CG of the cambered arc below lift points;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
yr.seat1 = height of the CG of girder above roll center; single girder on dunnage
yr.seat2 = height of the CG of girder above roll center; single girder on bearings in field
yr.seat3 = height of the CG of girder above roll center; multiple girders on bearings in field
yr.trans = height of the CG of girder above roll center; transport to bridge site
yseat1 = height from roll center to girder seat; single girder on dunnage
yseat2 = height from roll center to girder seat; single girder on bearings in field
yseat3 = height from roll center to girder seat; multiple girders on bearings in field
ytrans = height from roll center to girder seat; transport to bridge site
yt = distance from top of girder to CG of girder section
yupper.yolk = distance between upper and lower yokes
yw.lift1 = midheight of the cambered arc below pick points;
girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
yw.lift1i = midheight of the cambered arc below pick points;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
yw.lift2 = midheight of the cambered arc below pick points;
girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
yw.lift2i = midheight of the cambered arc below pick points;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
zCE.trans = center of mass eccentricity due to centrifugal force; transport to bridge site
zmax.seat1 = horizontal distance from roll axis to kern point of bearing pad
single girder on dunnage
zmax.seat2 = horizontal distance from roll axis to kern point of bearing pad
single girder on bearings in field
zmax.trans = horizontal distance from roll axis to CL of tire group; transport to bridge site
zt.trans = total center of mass eccentricity due to wind and centrifugal force;
transport to bridge site
zwind.lift1 = center of mass eccentricity due to wind deflection;
girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
zwind.lift1i = center of mass eccentricity due to wind deflection;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
zwind.lift2 = center of mass eccentricity due to wind deflection;
girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
zwind.lift2i = center of mass eccentricity due to wind deflection;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
zwind.seat1 = center of mass eccentricity due to wind deflection;
single girder on dunnage
zwind.seat2 = center of mass eccentricity due to wind deflection;
single girder on bearings in field

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Notation

zwind.seat3 = center of mass eccentricity due to wind deflection;

multiple girders on bearings in field
zwind.trans = center of mass eccentricity due to wind deflection;
transport to bridge site
z0.lift1 = center of mass eccentricity due to girder weight on weak axis;
girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
z0.lift1i = center of mass eccentricity due to girder weight on weak axis;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
z0.lift2 = center of mass eccentricity due to girder weight on weak axis;
girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
z0.lift2i = center of mass eccentricity due to girder weight on weak axis;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
z0.seat1 = center of mass eccentricity due to girder weight on weak axis;
single girder on dunnage
z0.seat2 = center of mass eccentricity due to girder weight on weak axis;
single girder on bearings in field
z0.seat3 = center of mass eccentricity due to girder weight on weak axis;
multiple girders on bearings in field
z0.trans = center of mass eccentricity due to girder weight on weak axis;
transport to bridge site
z0.p.seat1 = corresponding center of mass eccentricity due to tilt angle;
single girder on dunnage
z0.p.seat2 = corresponding center of mass eccentricity due to tilt angle;
single girder on bearings in field
z0.p.trans = corresponding center of mass eccentricity due to tilt angle;
transport to bridge site
αseat1 = transverse seating tolerance from level;
single girder on dunnage
αseat2 = transverse seating tolerance from level;
single girder on bearings in field
αseat3 = transverse seating tolerance from level;
multiple girders on bearings in field
αtrans = roadway superelevation
δwind.ext.global = windward exterior girder deflection in global girder system
δwind.ext.single = windward exterior girder deflection without bracing
Δcamb.lift1 = girder camber; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
Δcamb.lift1i = girder camber; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings
Δcamb.lift2 = girder camber; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings
Δcamb.lift2i = girder camber; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings
Δcamb.seat1 = girder camber;single girder on dunnage
Δcamb.seat2 = girder camber; single girder seated on bearings in field

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Notation

Δcamb.seat3 = girder camber; multiple girders on bearings in field

Δcamb.trans = girder camber; transport to bridge site
δscreed = deflection of screed rail due to rotation
λ = bearing compressibility index, concrete density modification factor
Φconst = rotation of girder due to torsion
θcr.lift1.wr,wl = tilt angle at cracking; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings; wind right, left
θcr.lift1i.wr,wl = tilt angle at cracking; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings; wind right, left
θcr.lift2.wr,wl = tilt angle at cracking; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings; wind right, left
θcr.lift2i.wr,wl = tilt angle at cracking; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings; wind right, left
θcr.seat1 = tilt angle at cracking; single girder seated on dunnage
θcr.seat2 = tilt angle at cracking; single girder seated on bearings in field
θcr.seat3 = tilt angle at cracking; multiple girders on bearings in field
θcr.trans = tilt angle at cracking; transport to bridge site
θeq.lift1.wr,wl = rotation of girder from vertical at equilibrium; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left in the plant
θeq.lift1i.wr,wl = rotation of girder from vertical at equilibrium; girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left in the plant
θeq.lift2.wr,wl = rotation of girder from vertical at equilibrium; girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings;
wind right, left in the plant
θeq.lift2i.wr,wl = rotation of girder from vertical at equilibrium; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings;
wind right, left in the plant
θeq.seat1 = rotation of girder from vertical at equilibrium; single girder on dunnage
θeq.seat2 = rotation of girder from vertical at equilibrium; single girder seated on bearings in field
θeq.seat3 = rotation of girder from vertical at equilibrium; multiple girders on bearings in field
θeq.trans = rotation of girder from vertical at equilibrium; transport to bridge site
θmax.p.seat1 = rollover tilt angle at maximum resisting moment arm; girder seated on dunnage
θmax.p.seat2 = rollover tilt angle at maximum resisting moment arm; girder seated on bearings
in field
θmax.p.trans = rollover tilt angle at maximum resisting moment arm; transport to bridge site
θmax.ult.lift1.wr,wl = tilt angle at maximum factor of safety against cracking;
girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings; wind right, left
θmax.ult.lift1i.wr,wl = tilt angle at maximum factor of safety against cracking;
girder lifted from bed w/ inclined slings; wind right, left
θmax.ult.lift2.wr,wl = tilt angle at maximum factor of safety against cracking;
girder lifted in field w/ vertical slings; wind right, left
θmax.ult.lift2i.wr,wl = tilt angle at maximum factor of safety against cracking;
girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings; wind right, left
θmax.ult.seat1 = tilt angle at maximum factor of safety against cracking; single girder on dunnage
θmax.ult.seat2 = tilt angle at maximum factor of safety against cracking;
single girder seated on bearings
θmax.ult.seat3 = tilt angle at maximum factor of safety against cracking;

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Notation

multiple girders on bearings in field

θmax.ult.trans = tilt angle at maximum factor of safety against cracking, transport to bridge site
θserv.seat3 = tilt angle at service loads; multiple girders on bearings in field
ɸyolk.lift1i = angle of lifting slings from horizontal; girder lifted from bed w/ vertical slings
ɸyolk.lift2i = angle of lifting slings from horizontal; girder lifted in field w/ inclined slings

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Girder Stability Analysis v1.0 Designed by: .
© Copyright 2019 by Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Checked by: .
General Input Date: .

Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

Bridge Geometry
Girder Designation Girder Mark 1-1
Overall Girder Length, Lgirder: 136.000 ft
Number of Girders in Typical Section, ngirders: 11
Girder Spacing, sgirder: 7.000 ft

Girder Properties
Girder Section Height, hgirder: 72.000 in
Girder Section Area, Agirder: 767.0 in2
Top Flange Width, btopflange: 42.000 in
Bottom Flange Width, bbottomflange: 26.000 in
CG of Section to Bottom of Girder, yb: 36.600 in
CG of Section to Bottom of Girder, yt:
𝑦_𝑡=ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟−𝑦_𝑏
= 72.000 in - 36.600 in
= 35.400 in
Horizontal Axis Moment of Inertia, Ix: 545894 in4
Horizontal Axis Section Modulus Top Flange, Sx.t:
𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡)=𝐼_𝑥/𝑦_𝑡
= 545,894 in⁴ / 35.400 in
= 15421 in3
Horizontal Axis Section Modulus Bottom Flange, Sx.b:
𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏)=𝐼_𝑥/𝑦_𝑏
= 545,894 in⁴ / 36.600 in
= 14915 in3
Vertical Axis Moment of Inertia, Iy: 37634 in4
Vertical Axis Section Modulus Top Flange, Sy.t:
𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)=𝐼_𝑦/(𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒/2)

= 37,634 in⁴ / (42.000 in / 2 )

= 1792 in3
Vertical Axis Section Modulus Bottom Flange, Sy.b:
𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)=𝐼_𝑦/
(𝑏_𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒/2)
= 37,634 in⁴ / (26.000 in / 2 )
= 2895 in3
Torsional Constant, Jgirder: 35350 in4

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Material Properties
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1: 1.00
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc: 0.150 kcf
Unit Weight of Girder Concrete with Reinforcement, wgirder: 0.155 kcf
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l: LRFD 5.4.2.8 1.000
Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder:
𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)=𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/𝑤_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟

= (767.0 in² / 0.155 kcf) (1 ft²/ 144 in²) = 0.826 klf

Total Weight of Girder, Wgirder :
𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟= 𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
= (0.826 kcf)(136.000 ft) = 112.3 kips

Prestressing Properties
Distance from Midspan to Strand Draping Harp Point, Lharp: 13.60 ft
Harp Location (from girder end), aharp :
𝑎_ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑝=𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2 − 𝐿_ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑝

= 136.000 ft /2 - 13.60 ft
= 54.40 ft

Guidance Note for Definition of ei.total

PCI Tolerance Manual for Precast and Prestressed Concrete Construction, MNL-135-00 defines the
tolerance for lateral sweep as:

Lateral Deflection (Sweep) Tolerance, ei.tol :

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑙)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/10𝑓𝑡 1/8 𝑖𝑛

= (136.000 ft / 10 ft)(1 / 8 in)

= 1.700 in

Unless specified otherwise by the client, ei.total should be taken as one half of ei.tol for cases lift1, lift1i and
seat1, and 1 inch plus ei.tol for all other cases. For as-built conditions, field measurements can be utilized.

Notation for Subsequent Tables

fc : Concrete Compressive Strength at Stage IM : Impact Factor at Stage
Peff : Effective Prestressed Force at Stage FScr : Critical Factor of Safety at Cracking
ycgs.mid : CG of Strands to Bottom of Girder at Midspan FS' : Ultimate Factor of Safety (Failure)
Camber : Girder Camber at Stage FSroll : Factor of Safety against Rollover
a : Support Location from End of Girder fb.eq : Bottom Fiber Concrete Stress
ei.total : Lateral Deflection (Sweep) ft.eq : Top Fiber Concrete Stress

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Parameters at Lifting
Rigid Extension of Lift Device above Top of Girder, ylift = 0.000 in
Lateral Tolerance of Lift Device from Centerline of Girder, econn = 0.250 in
Lateral Wind Force at Lifting from Bed, wwind.lift1 = wwind.lift1i = 0.0150 klf
Lateral Wind Force at Lifting in Field, wwind.lift2 = wwind.lift2i = 0.0150 klf

Lifting with Vertical Cables

fc Peff ycgs.mid ei.total Camber a IM fb.eq ft.eq
Stage FScr FS'
ksi kips in in in ft % ksi ksi
Lifting from Bed 5.50 1232 5.00 0.85 2.92 9.00 0% 1.58 1.66 3.293 -0.118
Lifting in Field 7.00 1252 7.91 2.70 2.00 9.00 0% 1.43 1.52 3.282 -0.156

Distance Between Upper Yolk and Lower Lift Connection, yupper.yoke = 59.00 ft

Lifting with Inclined Cables

fc Peff ycgs.mid ei.total Camber a IM fb.eq ft.eq
FScr FS'
ksi kips in in in ft % ksi ksi
Lifting from Bed 5.50 1232 5.00 0.85 2.92 9.00 0% 1.64 1.64 3.270 0.027
Lifting in Field 7.00 1252 7.91 2.70 2.00 9.00 0% 1.49 1.49 3.288 -0.066

Parameters at Seating on Dunnage

Plan Dimension of Non-Elastomeric Bearing Parallel to the Axis of Rotation
(Parallel to Transverse Axis of the Girder), Wbrg.seat1 = 24.500 in
Height from Roll Center to Bottom of Girder, ybrg.seat1 = 2.000 in
Height of Roll Center from Bearing Seat, hroll.seat1 = 2.000 in
Bearing Tolerance from CL Girder to CL Support, ebrg.seat1 = 0.250 in
Bearing Rotational Stiffness, Kqseat1 = 200000 kip-in/rad
Transverse Seating Tolerance from Level, aseat1 = 0.005 ft/ft
Lateral Wind Force, wwind.seat1 = 0.0550 klf

fc Peff ycgs.mid ei.total Camber a fb.eq ft.eq

Stage FScr FS' FSroll
ksi kips in in in ft ksi ksi
Dunnage 5.50 1232 5.00 3.31 3.30 3.00 3.20 18.56 2.11 3.397 -0.462

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Parameters at Transport to Project Site

Bunking Tolerance from CL Girder to CL Support, ebunk.trans = 1.000 in
Hauling Rig Stiffness, Kq.trans = 40500 kip-in/rad
Superelevation, atrans = 0.02000 ft/ft
Turn Radius for Adverse Cross Slope, Radiustrans = 120.00 ft
Hauling Rig Velocity in Turn, Veltrans = 10.000 mph
Height from Roll Center to Bottom of Girder, yseat.trans = 48.000 in
Horiz. Dist. from Roll Axis to Center of Tire Group, zmax.trans = 36.000 in
Height of Roll Center above Roadway, hroll.trans = 24.000 in
Lateral Wind Force, wwind.trans = 0.000 klf

fc Peff ycgs.mid ei.total Camber a IM fb.eq ft.eq

Stage FScr FS' FSroll
ksi kips in in in ft % ksi ksi
Transport 7.00 1252 7.91 2.70 2.92 10.00 0% 0.97 2.79 1.90 3.597 -0.646

Parameters at Single Girder on Bearings

Plan Dimension of Bearing Parallel to the Axis of Rotation
(Parallel to Transverse Axis of the Girder), Wbrg.seat2 = 20.000 in
Height of Bearing, hbrg.seat2 = 3.844 in
Height from Roll Center to Bottom of Girder, ybrg.seat2
𝑦_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= ℎ_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)/2 3.844 in
= = 1.922 in
2
Height of Roll Center from Bearing Seat, hroll.seat2 = ybrg.seat2 = 1.922 in
Bearing Tolerance from CL Girder to CL Support, ebrg.seat2 = 0.500 in
Bearing Rotational Stiffness, Kq.seat2 = 74725 kip-in/rad
Transverse Seating Tolerance from Level, aseat2 = 0.005 ft/ft
Lateral Wind Force, wwind.seat2 = 0.015 klf

Seated Stage - Single Girder on Bearing

fc Peff ycgs.mid ei.total Camber a fb.eq ft.eq
Stage FScr FS' FSroll
ksi kips in in in ft ksi ksi
Single Girder 7.00 1252 7.91 2.70 2.55 0.83 6.58 7.55 0.89 2.820 0.344
On Bearing Check with No End Bracing N.G.; Add End Bracing

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Parameters at Multiple Seated Girders at Inactive Construction

Plan Dimension of Bearing Parallel to the Axis of Rotation
(Parallel to Transverse Axis of the Girder), Wbrg.seat3 = Wbrg.seat2 = 20.000 in
Height from Roll Center to Bottom of Girder, ybrg.seat3 = ybrg.seat2 = 1.922 in
Bearing Tolerance from CL Girder to CL Support, ebrg.seat3 = ebrg.seat2 = 0.500 in
Bearing Rotational Stiffness, Kq.seat3 = Kq.seat2 = 74725 kip-in/rad
Lateral Wind Force, wwind.seat3 = 0.155 klf
Lateral Wind Uplift Force, wlift.seat3 = 0.021 klf
Number of Braces, Including at End of Girder, nbraces = 8 ( ≥2 )
Imperfection (Play) in Each Brace, ebrace = 0.125 in

Seated Stage - Inactive Construction

fc Peff ycgs.mid ei.total Camber a fb.eq ft.eq
Stage FScr FS'
ksi kips in in in ft ksi ksi
Bracing 7.00 1252 7.91 2.70 2.55 0.83 -6.55 5.37 4.228 -1.908
Check Check with no Intermediate Bracing N.G.; Add End Bracing
Bracing 3.413 -0.591
Check with Intermediate Bracing
Check Bracing Adequate

Additional Parameters at Active Construction Stage - Deck Construction

Overhang from Centerline of Exterior Girder to Coping, soh: 3.750 ft
Walkway Formwork Extension Length Beyond Coping, sext: 2.000 ft
Distance from Coping to Screed Rail, sscreed: 0.500 ft
Girder Spacing Adjacent to Exterior Girder, sgirder.ext: 7.000 ft
Concrete Deck Thickness between Girders, tdeck: 8.000 in
Average Concrete Cantilever Deck Thickness, tdeck.cant: 9.000 in
Average Build-up Thickness, tbup: 1.000 in
Weight of Deck Concrete with Reinforcement, wconc.deck: 0.150 kcf
Weight of Stay-in-Place Forms and Concrete Fill in Flutes, wsip: 0.020 ksf
Weight of Removable Cantilever Deck Forms and Handrail, wform.cant: 0.020 ksf
Construction Live Load on Deck, wCLL1: 0.020 ksf
Construction Live Load from Screed Machine, PCLL2: 5.0 kips
Construction Live Load on Walkway Extension, wCLL3: 0.075 klf
Tributary Length for Const. Live Load on Walkway Extension, LCLL3: 20.000 ft
Limit for Cover Reduction Due to Girder Rotation 0.250 in

Seated Stage - Active Construction

Cover Reduction
Bracing Check Bracing Adequate
0.030 in

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Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

MAST 2 Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2, PCI Journal, Jan-Feb 1993

LIFTING FROM BED - VERTICAL CABLES

Concrete Properties
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc.lift1 = 5.50 ksi
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc = 0.150 kcf
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1 = 1.00
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l = 1.00
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Ec.lift1: LRFD Eq. 5.4.2.4-1

𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= 120000 𝐾_1 𝑤_(𝑐 )^2

𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)^0.33
= 120000(1.00) (0.150 kcf)² (5.50 ksi) 0.33
= 4739 ksi

Modulus of Rupture, fr.lift1 : LRFD 5.4.2.6

𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= −0.24 𝜆
√(𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )
= -0.24(1.00) 5.50 ksi
= -0.563 ksi

Prestress Force
Effective Prestress Force at Lifting, Peff.lift1 =
1232 kips
CG of Strands at Midspan to Bottom of Girder, ycgs.mid.lift1 = 5.000 in
Camber, Dcamb.lift1 = 2.920 in

Other Configuration Parameters

Lift Connection Locations from End of Girder, alift1 = 9.00 ft
Rigid Extension Lift Connection above Top of Girder, ylift = 0.000 in
Lift Connection Tolerance from Centerline of Girder, econn = 0.250 in

Other Loading Parameters

Lateral Wind Force, wwind.lift1 = 0.015 klf
Vertical Wind Uplift Considered Negligible for Lifting
Lifting Impact Factor, IMlift1 = 0% = 0.00
Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder = 0.826 klf
Effective Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder.lift1:
𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)=𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) (1+
〖𝐼𝑀〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)
= (0.826 klf)(1 + 0.00 )
= 0.826 klf

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Girder Eccentricities

Total Lateral Deflection over Girder Length, ei.total.lift1 = 0.850 in (Assumed Parabolic)
Center of Mass Eccentricity Reduction Factor, offsetlift1 :
𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 2
𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1
= 136.00 ft - 2(9.00 ft)
= 118.00 ft

Offset to centroid of a parabolically deflected girder from roll axis (used horizontally and vertically)
〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1=(𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )" based on MAST 2 Figure B1, with generic variables
" ^2− 1/3

118.00 ft ² 1
= -
136.00 ft 3
= 0.419

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Lateral Deflection, ei.lift1:

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1
= (0.850 in)(0.419)
= 0.357 in

Distance from the Center of Mass of the Cambered Girder below Roll Axis, yr.lift1:
𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= 𝑦_𝑡 − 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+
𝑦_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 35.400 in - 0.419(2.920 in) + 0.000 in
= 34.175 in

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Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Wind Deflection, zwind.lift1:

𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)^5)/10−

𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1^2 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)^3+3 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1^4 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1^5 )

= (0.015 klf)(12 in/ft)³

(12)(4,739 ksi)(37,634 in)⁴ (136.00 ft)
(118.00 ft)⁵ 6(9.00 ft)⁵
- (9.00 ft)²(118.00 ft)³ + 3(9.00 ft)⁴ (118.00 ft) +
10 5

= 0.192 in

Mid-Height of the Cambered Arc Below Roll Axis, yw.lift1:

𝑦_(𝑤.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2+ 𝑦_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 − 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1

Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)
= 72.000 in + 0.000 in - 0.419(2.920 in)
2
= 34.775 in

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Girder Weight on Weak Axis, z0.lift1:

𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= 𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )
((𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)^5)/10− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1^2 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)^3+3 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1^4 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+ 6/5
𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1^5 )

(0.826 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(4,739 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(118.00 ft)⁵ 6(9.00 ft)⁵
- (9.00 ft)²(118.00 ft)³ + 3(9.00 ft)⁴ (118.00 ft) +
10 5
= 10.573 in

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Eccentricity of Girder Dead Load to Equilibrate Wind Load, ewind.lift1:

𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝑦_(𝑤.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1))/𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)

= (0.015 klf)(34.775 in) = 0.632 in

0.826 klf
Check Stresses

Moment Due to Gravity Load, Mg.lift1 at x = aharp from girder end:

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 ) −
(𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

= (0.826 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.826 klf)(54.40 ft)²

(54.40 ft - 9.00 ft) -
2 2
= 1327 kip-ft = 15926 kip-in

Lateral Moment Due to Wind, Mwind.lift1 at x = aharp from girder end:

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.015 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.015 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40ft - 9.00 ft) -
2 2
= 24.1 kip-ft = 289 kip-in

Base Concrete Stresses in Girder before Rotation and Wind

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −
(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )+ 𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡)
1 36.600 in - 5.000 in 15,926 kip-in
= 1,232 kips - +
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³
= 0.114 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +

(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )− 𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏)
1 36.600 in - 5.000 in 15,926 kip-in
= 1,232 kips + -
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³
= 3.149 ksi

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Check Compressive and Tensile Stresses at Equilibrium Rotation - Wind Right

𝜃_(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)=((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛−𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+𝑒_(𝑤
𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) ))/(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)−𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )

( 0.357 in + 0.250 in - 0.192 in + 0.632 in )

=
34.175 in - 10.573 in

= 0.04433 rad

Check of Bottom Flange Tips - Wind Right

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) − (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.04433 rad) 289 kip-in Girder Free Body
= 3.149 ksi - + Diagram, Wind Right
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
= 3.005 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.04433 rad) 289 kip-in
= 3.149 ksi + -
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
= 3.293 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Max ( 3.005 ksi , 3.293 ksi ) = 3.293 ksi

Check of Top Flange Tips - Wind Right

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.04433 rad) 289 kip-in
= 0.114 ksi - +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
= -0.118 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.04433 rad) 289 kip-in
= 0.114 ksi + -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
= 0.347 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)= Min( 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Min ( -0.118 ksi , 0.347 ksi ) = -0.118 ksi

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Check Compressive and Tensile Stress esat Equilibrium Rotation - Wind Left

(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)=((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)−𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) ))/(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)−𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )

( 0.357 in + 0.250 in + 0.192 in - 0.632 in )

=
34.175 in - 10.573 in
= 0.00707 rad

Check of Bottom Flange Tips - Wind Left

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.00707 rad) 289 kip-in
= 3.149 ksi - -
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³ Girder Free Body
Diagram, Wind Left
= 3.010 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.04433 rad) 289 kip-in
= 3.149 ksi + +
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
= 3.288 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Max ( 3.010 ksi , 3.288 ksi ) = 3.288 ksi

Check of Top Flange Tips - Wind Left

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.00707 rad) 289 kip-in
= 0.114 ksi - -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
= -0.110 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.00707 rad) 289 kip-in
= 0.114 ksi + +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
= 0.339 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)= Min( 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Min ( -0.110 ksi , 0.339 ksi ) = -0.110 ksi

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Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.2.3.1a

Compressive Stresses 3.293 ksi 0.65 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) = 0.65(5.50 ksi) = 3.58 ksi OK

Tensile Stresses -0.118 ksi 𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) = -0.563 ksi OK

Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Analysis assumes ei.lift1 is due to form misalignment and not eccentric prestressing.
Base Concrete Stresses in Girder with Wind (Left Top Tip)
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)

289 kip-in
= 0.114 ksi +
1,792 in³
0.276 ksi

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)

289 kip-in
= 0.114 ksi -
1,792 in³
-0.047 ksi

Lateral Moment to Cause Cracking:

Wind Right:
𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)
−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
= ( 0.276 ksi - (-0.563 ksi ))(1,792 in³ /12 in/ft)
= 125.3 kip-ft
Wind Left:
𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)
−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
= ( -0.047 ksi - (-0.563 ksi ))(1,792 in³ /12 in/ft)
= 77.0 kip-ft

Tilt Angle at Cracking due to Lateral Deflection:

Wind Right:
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)/𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)

125.3 kip-ft
= = 0.09438 rad
1,327 kip-ft

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Wind Left:
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)/𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)

77.0 kip-ft
= = 0.05804 rad
1,327 kip-ft

Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

Wind Right:
𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟))/(𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)+ 𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛 −𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )

(34.175 in)(0.09438 rad)

=
(10.573 in)(0.09438 rad) + 0.250 in - 0.192 in + 0.632 in + 0.357 in
= 1.578

Wind Left:
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙))/(𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)+ 𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)−𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )
= (34.175 in)(0.05804 rad)
(10.573 in)(0.05804 rad) + 0.250 in + 0.192 in - 0.632 in + 0.357 in
= 2.541

Critical Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)=min⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟
), 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙))
= 1.578 ³〗 1.000 OK

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure - Wind Right

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety:

𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟)=√((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛− 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+ 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )/(2.5 〖 𝑧〗 _(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) ))

0.357 in + 0.250 in - 0.192 in + 0.632 in

=
2.5(10.573 in)

1.046 in Check for rotation of center of mass past vertical, defined with negative numerator.
=
26.432 in If negative, wind left is critical case, set FS𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟 to default value of 99.

= 0.19896 rad

Factor of Safety Against Failure:

(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟) (𝜃)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝜃)/((𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝜃 −𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1))(1+2.5𝜃)+ 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )

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(34.175 in)(0.19896 rad)

=
((10.573 in)(0.19896 rad) - 0.192 in)(1 + 2.5(0.19896 rad)) + 0.632 in + 0.250 in + 0.357 in

= 1.658

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Check Factor of Safety Against Failure - Wind Left

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety:
𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)=√((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+ 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)− 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )/(2.5 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) ))

0.357 in + 0.250 in + 0.192 in - 0.632 in

=
2.5(10.573 in)

0.167 in Check for rotation of center of mass past vertical, defined with negative numerator.
=
26.432 in If negative, wind right is critical case, set FS𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙 to default value of 99.

= 0.07945 rad

Factor of Safety Against Failure:

_(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙) (𝜃)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 ) 𝜃)/((𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) 𝜃+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )(1+2.5𝜃)− 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) )

(34.175 in)(0.07945 rad)

=
((10.573 in)(0.07945 rad) + 0.192 in)(1 + 2.5(0.07945 rad)) - 0.632 in + 0.250 in + 0.357 in

= 2.241

Critical Factor of Safety Against Failure:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)=𝑚𝑖𝑛⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟),
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙))
= 1.658〗

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure for Critical Case

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)=m𝑎𝑥⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1),
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1))
= 1.658〗 ³ 1.500 OK

Lateral Ultimate Moment Capacity Required, Mult.y.lift1:

𝑀_(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑦.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1)= 1.5/ 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1 )
max⁡(𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑟) , 𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1.𝑤𝑙)))
= 1.5
(1,327 kip-ft)(0.19896 rad)
1.658
= 239 kip-ft

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Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

MAST 2 Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2, PCI Journal, Jan-Feb 1993

LIFTING FROM BED - INCLINED CABLES

Concrete Properties
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc.lift1i = 5.50 ksi
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc = 0.150 kcf
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1 = 1.00
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l = 1.00
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Ec.lift1i: LRFD Eq. 5.4.2.4-1

𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= 120000 𝐾_1 𝑤_(𝑐 )^2

𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)^0.33
= 120000(1.00) (0.150 kcf)² (5.50 ksi) 0.33
= 4739 ksi

Modulus of Rupture, fr.lift1i : LRFD 5.4.2.6

𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= −0.24 𝜆
√(𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )
= -0.24(1.00) 5.50 ksi
= -0.563 ksi (- for tension)

Prestress Force
Effective Prestress Force at Lifting, Peff.lift1i = 1232 kips
CG of Strands at Midspan to Bottom of Girder, ycgs.mid.lift1i = 5.000 in
Camber, Dcamb.lift1i = 2.920 in

Other Configuration Parameters

Lift Connection Locations from End of Girder, alift1i = 9.00 ft
Rigid Extension Lift Connection above Top of Girder, ylift = 0.000 in
Lift Connection Tolerance from Centerline of Girder, econn = 0.250 in

Other Loading Parameters

Lateral Wind Force, wwind.lift1i = 0.015 klf
Vertical Wind Uplift Considered Negligible for Lifting
Lifting Impact Factor, IMlift1i = 0%
Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder = 0.826 klf
Effective Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder.lift1i :
𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)=𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) (1+
〖𝐼𝑀〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)
= (0.826 klf)(1 + 0.00 )
= 0.826 klf

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Inclined Cable Support

Height of Upper Yolk above Lower Lift Connection , yupper.yolk =59.00 ft
Angle of Cables from Horizontal, ɸyolk.lift1i :

𝜑_(𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= {█(90 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑓

𝑦_(𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟.𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘)=0𝑓𝑡@atan⁡〖 (𝑦_(𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟.𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘)/( 〖 0.5
𝐿 〗 _𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )) 〗 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 _(𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟.𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘) >0𝑓𝑡)┤

= 45.000 deg

Horizontal Component of Lift Force, Ph.lift1i :

_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)=𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) (𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )/(2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜑_(𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )

136.000 ft
= 0.826klf x
2 tan( 45.000 degrees )
= 56 kips

Critical Compression Load, Pcr.lift1i :

𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= (𝜋^2 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝐼_𝑦 )/((𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −2 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )^2 )

p2 (4,739 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(1 ft / 12 in)

=
(136.000 ft - 2(9.000 ft))
For the case where a spreader beam is used
= 878 kips that is shorter than the distance between the
girder lift points, use a yupper.yolk dimension
resulting in an equivalent angle ɸ.
Lateral Deflection Modifier, emod.lift1i :
𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= (1 )/(1−𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )

1
=
56 kips
1-
878 kips
= 1.068

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Girder Eccentricities

Total Lateral Deflection over Girder Length, ei.total.lift1i = 0.850 in (Assumed Parabolic)
Eccentricity Reduction Factor, offsetlift1i :
𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 2
𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖
= 136.00 ft - 2(9.00 ft)
= 118.00 ft

Offset to centroid of a parabolically deflected girder from roll axis (used horizontally and vertically)
〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖=(𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) based on MAST 2 Figure B1, with generic variables
" " ^2− 1/3

118.00 ft ² - 1
=
136.00 ft 3
= 0.419

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Lateral Deflection, ei.lift1i :

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)
= (0.850 in)(0.419)(1.068)
= 0.381 in

Distance from the Center of Mass of the Cambered Girder below Roll Axis, yr.lift1i :
𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= 𝑦_𝑡 − 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+
𝑦_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 35.400 in - 0.419(2.920 in) + 0.000 in
= 34.175 in

Modified Lift Connection Tolerance, econn.lift1i :

𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= 𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛 𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)
= (0.250 in)(1.068)
= 0.267 in

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Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Wind Deflection, zwind.lift1i :

𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )

((𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)^5)/10− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖^2 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)^3+3 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖^4 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖^5 )

= (0.015 klf)(1.068)(12 in/ft)³

(12)(4,739 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(118.00 ft)⁵ 6(9.00 ft)⁵
- (9.00 ft)²(118.00 ft)³ + 3(9.00 ft)⁴ (118.00 ft) +
10 5

= 0.205 in

Mid-Height of the Cambered Arc Below Roll Axis, yw.lift1i:

𝑦_(𝑤.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2+ 𝑦_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 − 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖

Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)
= 72.000 in + 0.000 in - 0.419(2.920 in)
2
= 34.775 in

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Girder Weight on Weak Axis, z0.lift1i :

𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )
((𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)^5)/10− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖^2 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)^3+3 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖^4 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖^5 )

(0.826 klf)(1.068)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(4,739 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(118.00 ft)⁵ 6(9.00 ft)⁵
- (9.00 ft)²(118.00 ft)³ + 3(9.00 ft)⁴ (118.00 ft) +
10 5
= 11.295 in

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Eccentricity of Girder Dead Load to Equilibrate Wind Load, ewind.lift1i :

𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑦_(𝑤.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))/𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)

= (0.015 klf)(34.775 in) = 0.632 in

0.826 klf
Check Stresses

Moment Due to Gravity Load, Mg.lift1i at x = aharp from girder end:

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 ) −
(𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

= (0.826 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.826 klf)(54.40 ft)²

(54.40ft - 9.00 ft) -
2 2
= 1327 kip-ft = 15926 kip-in

Lateral Moment Due to Wind, Mwind.lift1i at x = aharp from girder end:

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.015 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.015 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40ft - 9.00 ft) -
2 2
= 24.1 kip-ft = 289 kip-in

Base Concrete Stresses in Girder before Rotation and Wind

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )+

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) + 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )" "

1 36.600 in - 5.000 in 15,926 kip-in

= 1,232 kips - +
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³
1 34.175 in
+ 56 kips +
767.0 in² 15,421 in³
= 0.312 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )−

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) " + " 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )

1 36.600 in - 5.000 in 15,926 kip-in

= 1,232 kips + -
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³
1 34.175 in
+ 56 kips -
767.0 in² 14,915 in³
= 3.093 ksi

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Eccentricity Factor (Section Under Consideration to Roll Axis), eh.lift1i :

𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= 〖 ((𝐿_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )−2 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) " " 〗 ^2−
〖 ((𝐿_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )−2 𝑎_ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑝)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) " " 〗 ^2

2 2
136.00 ft - 2(9.00 ft) 136.00 ft - 2(54.40 ft)
= -
136.00 ft 136.00 ft
= 0.713

Check Compressive and Tensile Stresses at Equilibrium Rotation (Wind Right)

𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)−𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) ))/(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)−𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )

( 0.381 in + 0.267 in - 0.205 in + 0.632 in )

=
34.175 in - 11.295 in
= 0.04697 rad

Eccentricity from Section Under Consideration to Roll Axis (Wind Right) :

𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= 𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+(𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)− 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) ) 𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)
= 0.267 in + ( 0.381 in - 0.205 in)(0.713)
= 0.392 in

𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 〖 𝑒〗 _(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)

= (56 kip)(0.392 in)
= 1.8 kip-ft = 22 kip-in Girder Free Body
Diagram, Wind Right

Check of Bottom Flange Tips - Wind Right

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) − ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)) 〖

𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) " "− " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(11.295 in))(0.04697 rad) 22 kip-in
= 3.093 ksi - -
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
289 kip-in
+
2,895 in³
= 2.917 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)) 〖
𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) " "+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(11.295 in))(0.04697 rad) 22 kip-in
= 3.093 ksi + +
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
289 kip-in
-
2,895 in³
= 3.270 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))

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𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Max ( 2.917 ksi , 3.270 ksi ) = 3.270 ksi
Check of Top Flange Tips - Wind Right
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)) 〖
𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) " "− " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(11.295 in))(0.04697 rad) 22 kip-in
= 0.312 ksi - -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
289 kip-in
+
1,792 in³
= 0.027 ksi

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)) 〖

𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) " "+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(11.295 in))(0.04697 rad) 22 kip-in
= 0.312 ksi + +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
289 kip-in
-
1,792 in³
= 0.597 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= Min( 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Min ( 0.027 ksi , 0.597 ksi ) = 0.027 ksi

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Check Compressive and Tensile Stresses at Equilibrium Rotation (Wind Left)

𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)−𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) ))/(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)−𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )

( 0.381 in + 0.267 in + 0.205 in - 0.632 in )

=
34.175 - 11.295
= 0.00968 rad

Eccentricity from Section Under Consideration to Roll Axis (Wind Left) :

𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= 𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+(𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) ) 𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)

= 0.267 in + ( 0.381 in + 0.205 in)(0.713)
= 0.685 in
Girder Free Body
𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 〖 𝑒〗 _(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙) Diagram, Wind Left

= (56 kip)(0.685 in)

= 3.2 kip-ft = 38 kip-in

Check of Bottom Flange Tips - Wind Left

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)) 〖 𝜃〗
_(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) " "− " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(11.295 in))(0.00968 rad) 38 kip-in
= 3.093 ksi - -
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
289 kip-in
+
2,895 in³
= 3.125 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)) 〖 𝜃〗

_(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) " "+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(11.295 in))(0.00968 rad) 38 kip-in
= 3.093 ksi + +
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
289 kip-in
-
2,895 in³
= 3.062 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Max ( 3.125 ksi , 3.062 ksi ) = 3.125 ksi

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Check of Top Flange Tips - Wind Left

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))

〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) " "− " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(11.295 in))(0.00968 rad) 38 kip-in
= 0.312 ksi - -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
289 kip-in
-
1,792 in³
= 0.040 ksi

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))

〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) " "+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(11.295 in))(0.00968 rad) 38 kip-in
= 0.312 ksi + +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
289 kip-in
+
1,792 in³
= 0.584 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= Min( 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Min ( 0.040 ksi , 0.584 ksi ) = 0.040 ksi

Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.2.3.1a

Compressive Stresses 3.270 ksi 0.65 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)
𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1) = 0.65(5.50 ksi) = 3.58 ksi OK

Tensile Stresses 0.027 ksi 𝑓_𝑟 = -0.563 ksi OK

Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Analysis assumes ei.lift1i is due to form misalignment and not eccentric prestressing.
Base Concrete Stresses in Girder with Wind (Left Top Tip)
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) +
𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
22 kip-in 289 kip-in
= 0.312 ksi + +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
0.486 ksi

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) −

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)

38 kip-in 289 kip-in

= 0.312 ksi - -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
0.129 ksi

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Date: .

Lateral Moment to Cause Cracking :

Wind Right:
𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) −
𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)
= ( 0.486 ksi - (-0.563 ksi ))(1,792 in³ / 12in/ft) - 1.8 kip-ft
= 154.8 kip-ft
Wind Left:
𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )
𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)
= ( 0.129 ksi - (-0.563 ksi ))(1,792 in³ / 12 in/ft) - 3.2 kip-ft
= 100.1 kip-ft

Tilt Angle at Cracking due to Lateral Deflection:

Wind Right:
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)/(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )

(154.8 kip-ft)(12in / ft)

= = 0.11215 rad
15,926 kip-in+ (56 kip)(11.295 in)
Wind Left:
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)/(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )

(100.1 kip-ft)(12in / ft)

= = 0.07256 rad
15,926 kip-in + (56 kip)(11.295 in)

Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

Wind Right:
𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/(𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)+ 𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) −𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓

(34.175 in)(0.11215 rad)

=
(11.295 in)(0.11215 rad) + 0.267 in - 0.205 in + 0.632 in + 0.381 in
= 1.637

Wind Left:
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙))/(𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)+
𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)−𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )
= (34.175 in)(0.07256 rad)
(11.295 in)(0.07256 rad) + 0.267 in + 0.205 in - 0.632 in + 0.381 in
= 2.382

Critical Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)=min⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟),
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙))
= 1.637 〗³ 1.000 OK

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Date: .

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure - Wind Right

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety:

𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=√((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)− 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )/(2.5 〖 𝑧〗 _(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) ))

0.381 in + 0.267 in - 0.205 in + 0.632 in

=
2.5(11.295 in)

1.075 in Check for rotation of center of mass past vertical, defined with
=
28.238 in If negative, wind left is critical case, set FS𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1i.𝑤𝑟 to default value of 99.

= 0.19508 rad
Factor of Safety : .

_(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝜃)/((𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝜃 −𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))(1+2.5𝜃)+ 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )

(34.175 in)(0.19508 rad)

=
((11.295 in)(0.19508 rad) - 0.205 in)(1 + 2.5(0.19508 rad)) + 0.632 in+ 0.267 in + 0.381 in

= 1.574

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Check Factor of Safety Against Failure - Wind Left

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety (check):
𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=√((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)− 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )/(2.5 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) ))

0.381 in + 0.267 in + 0.205 in - 0.632 in

=
2.5(11.295 in)

0.221 in Check for rotation of center of mass past vertical, defined with negative numerator.
=
28.238 in If negative, wind left is critical case, set FS𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1i.𝑤𝑟 to default value of 99.

= 0.08855 rad

Factor of Safety :
(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 ) 𝜃)/((𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝜃− 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))(1+2.5𝜃)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )

= (34.175 in)(0.08855 rad)

((11.295 in)(0.08855 rad) - 0.632 in + 0.205 in)(1 + 2.5(0.08855 rad)) + 0.267 in + 0.381 in
= 2.057

Critical Factor of Safety Against Failure:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)=𝑚𝑖𝑛⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟
), 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙))
= 1.574 〗

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure for Critical Case

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)=m𝑎𝑥⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖),
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖))
1.637 〗³ 1.500 OK

Lateral Ultimate Moment Capacity Required, Mult.y.lift1i :

𝑀_(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑦.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖)= 1.5/ 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖) )max(𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟) ,
𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙))+max(𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑙) , 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡1𝑖.𝑤𝑟))" "

= 1.5
(1,327 kip-ft + (56 kip)(11.295 in/(12 in/ft)))(0.19508 rad) + 3 kip-ft
1.637
= 250 kip-ft

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Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

MAST 2 Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2, PCI Journal, Jan-Feb 1993

SEATED ON DUNNAGE

Concrete Properties
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc.seat1 = 5.50 ksi
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc: 0.150 kcf
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1 = 1.00
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l = 1.00
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Ec.seat1: LRFD Eq. 5.4.2.4-1

𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 120000 𝐾_1 𝑤_(𝑐 )^2

𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)^0.33
= 120000(1.00)(0.150 kcf)²(5.50 ksi) 0.33
= 4739 ksi

Modulus of Rupture, fr.seat1 : LRFD 5.4.2.6

𝑓_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= −0.24 𝜆
√(𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) )
= -0.24(1.00) 5.50 ksi
= -0.563 ksi

Prestress Force
Prestressed Force at Seating, Peff.seat1 1232 kips
=

CG of Strands at Midspan to Bottom of Girder, ycgs.mid.seat1 = 5.000 in

Camber, Dcamber.seat1 = 3.300 in

Other Configuration Parameters

Height from Roll Center to Bottom of Girder, ybrg.seat1 = 2.000 in
Height of Roll Center from Support, hroll.seat1 = 2.000 in
Dunnage Locations from End of Girder, aseat1 = 3.00 ft
Dunnage Tolerance from CL Girder to CL Support, ebrg.seat1 = 0.250 in
Max. Transverse Seating Tolerance from Level, aseat1 = 0.005 ft/ft
Transverse Bearing Rotational Stiffness, Kq.seat1 = 200000 kip-in/rad

Other Loading Parameters

Lateral Wind Force, wwind.seat1 = 0.055 klf
Vertical Wind Uplift Considered Negligible for Dunnage

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Girder Eccentricities

Total Lateral Deflection over Girder Length, ei.total.seat1 = 3.310 in (Assumed Parabolic)
Eccentricity Reduction Factor, offsetseat1:
𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 2
𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1
= 136.00 ft - 2(3.00 ft)
= 130.00 ft

Offset to centroid of a parabolically deflected girder from roll axis (used horizontally and vertically)
〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1=(𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒 based on MAST 2 Figure B1, with generic variables
𝑟 )" " ^2− 1/3

130.00 ft ² 1
= -
136.00 ft 3
= 0.580

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Lateral Deflection, ei.seat1:

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1
= (3.310 in)(0.580)
= 1.921 in

Distance from the Center of Mass of the Cambered Arc above Roll Axis, yr.seat1:
𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑦_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+ 𝑦_𝑏+ 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1
Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)
= 2.000 in + 36.600 in + 0.580(3.300 in)
= 40.515 in

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Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Wind Deflection, zwind.seat1:

𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)^5)/10−
𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1^2 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)^3+3 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1^4 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1^5 )

= (0.055 klf)(12 in/ft)³

(12)(4,739 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(130.00 ft)⁵ 6(3.00 ft)⁵
- (3.00 ft)²(130.00 ft)³ + 3(3.00 ft)⁴ (130.00 ft) +
10 5

= 1.206 in

Mid-Height of Girder above Roll Axis, ymid.seat1:

𝑦_(𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2+ 𝑦_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+

〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1 Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)
= 72.000 in
+ 2.000 in + 0.580(3.300 in)
2
= 39.915 in

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Girder Weight on Weak Axis, z0.seat1:

𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)^5)/10−

𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1^2 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)^3+3 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1^4 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1^5 )

(0.826 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(4,739 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(130.00 ft)⁵ 6(3.00 ft)⁵
- (3.00 ft)²(130.00 ft)³ + 3(3.00 ft)⁴ (130.00 ft) +
10 5
= 18.102 in

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Check Stresses
Moment Due to Gravity Load, Mg.seat1 at x = aharp from Girder End:
𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1 ) −
(𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

= (0.826 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.826 klf)(54.40 ft)²

(54.40 ft - 3.00 ft) -
2 2
= 1664 kip-ft = 19968 kip-in

Lateral Moment Due to Wind, Mwind.seat1 at x = aharp from Girder End:

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.055 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.055 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40 ft - 3.00 ft) -
2 2
= 110.9 kip-ft = 1330 kip-in

Overturning Moment Due to Wind, Mot.seat1 =

𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝑦_(𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)

= (136.00 ft)(0.055 klf)(39.915 in) / (12 in / 1 ft)
= 24.9 kip-ft = 299 kip-in

Concrete Stresses in Girder :

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )
+ 𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
1 36.600 in - 5.000 in 19,968 kip-in 1,330 kip-in
= 1,232 kips - + -
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³ 1,792 in³
= -0.366 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )−

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
1 36.600 in - 5.000 in 19,968 kip-in 1,330 kip-in
= 1,232 kips + - +
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³ 2,895 in³
= 3.337 ksi

𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1+ 𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 (𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) )+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/(𝐾_(𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)−𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 (𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑧_(0.𝑠

(200,000 kip-in/rad)(0.00500 rad) +112.3 kip (1.206 in + 1.921 in + 0.250 in ) + 299 kip-in
=
200,000 kip-in/rad - (112.3 kip)(40.515 in +18.102 in )
= 0.00867 rad

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Date: .

𝑓_(𝑒𝑞.𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)−
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)(19,968 kip-in)(0.00867 rad)
= -0.366 ksi -
1,792 in³
= -0.462 ksi

𝑓_(𝑒𝑞.𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡 1)
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)(19,968 kip-in)(0.00867 rad)
= 3.337 ksi +
2,895 in³
= 3.397 ksi

Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.2.3.1a

Compressive Stresses 3.397 ksi 0.65 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) = 0.65(5.50 ksi) = 3.58 ksi OK

Tensile Stresses -0.462 ksi 𝑓_𝑟 = -0.563 ksi OK

Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Lateral Moment to Cause Cracking :

𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)=
(𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
= ( -0.366 ksi - (-0.563 ksi ))(1,792 in³ /12 in/ft)
= 29 kip-ft = 299 kip-in

Tilt Angle at Cracking due to Lateral Deflection :

𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)/𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)

29 kip-ft
= = 0.01769 rad
1,664 kip-ft

Factor of Safety Against Cracking :

𝑒𝑎𝑡1) (𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) − 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) + 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) + 𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠

(200,000 kip-in/rad)( 0.01769 rad - 0.00500 rad )

=
112.3 kip [(40.515 in +18.102 in )(0.01769 rad) + 1.206 in + 1.921 in + 0.250 in ] + 299 kip-in
= 3.196

Critical Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟 3.196 ³ 1.000 OK
.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)=

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〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟
.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)=

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Check Factor of Safety Against Failure

Factor of Safety Against Failure:
𝑎𝑡1) (𝜃)=
𝜃 − 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [ (𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝜃+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) )(1+2.5𝜃)+ 𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝜃+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)]+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)

Solution for Maximum Factor of Safety, qmax.ult.seat = 0.37945 rad ≤ 0.4 rad

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= (200,000 kip-in/rad)( 0.37945 rad - 0.00500 rad )

112.3 kip [((18.102 in)(0.37945 rad) + 1.206 in)(1 + 2.5(0.37945 rad)) + (40.515 in)(0.37945 rad) + 1.921 in + 0.250 in ]+ 299 kip-in

= 18.559

Factor of Safety vs. θ

20.00
18.56

15.00
Factor of Safety

10.00

5.00

0.00
-0.02

0.04

0.10

0.14

0.18

0.20

0.24

0.28

0.34

0.38

0.40
0.00

0.02

0.06

0.08

0.12

0.16

0.22

0.26

0.30

0.32

0.36
5.00

Rotation, θ

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure for Critical Case

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)=m𝑎𝑥⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1), 〖𝐹
𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)) 〗 ³
18.559 1.500 OK

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Check Factor of Safety Against Rollover (Cracked)

Horizontal Distance from Roll Axis to Edge of Girder, zmax.seat1:

𝑧_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑊_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)/2

24.500 in
=
2
= 12.250 in

Overturning Moment from Wind, Mroll.seat1 :

𝑀_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)
〖 ℎ〗 _(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)
= (136.00 ft)(0.055 klf)(2.000 in)/(12in/ft)
= 1.247 kip-ft = 15.0 kip-in

Tilt Angle at Maximum Resisting Moment Arm, qmax.p.seat:

𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)=(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 (𝑧_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) −𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1 − 𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) )+ 𝑀_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/𝐾_(𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) +𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1

(112.3 kip)(12.250 in - (40.515 in)(0.00500 rad) - 0.250 in ) + 15.0 kip-in

= + 0.00500 rad
200,000 kip-in/rad
= 0.01312 rad

Corresponding Center of Mass Eccentricity due to Tilt Angle, z0.p.seat1:

𝑧_(0.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)= 𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)
(1+2.5𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))
= (18.102 in)(1 + 2.5(0.01312 rad))
= 18.696 in

Factor of Safety:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)=(𝐾_(𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) (𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) − 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [ (𝑧_(0.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) )

𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) (1+2.5 𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))+𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) ]+𝑀_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) )

(200,000 kip-in/rad)( 0.01312 rad - 0.00500 rad )

=
112.3 kip [ (18.696 in + 40.515 in )(0.01312 rad) + (1.206 in)(1 + 2.5(0.01312 rad)) + 0.250 in + 1.921 in ] + 299 kip-in
= 2.110

Factor of Safety against Rollover:

FSroll.seat1 = 2.110 ³ 1.500 OK

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Overturning Moment to be Resisted by Bracing (Service), if needed:

𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒)= (𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [ 𝑧_(0.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) 𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+ 𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)
𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1)+𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1) ]+𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡1))/2

112.3 kip [(18.696 in)(0.01312 rad) + (40.515 in)(0.01312 rad) + 1.921 in + 0.250 in]/(12in/ft) + 24.9 kip-ft
=
2
= 14.1 kip-ft for each brace

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Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

MAST 2 Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2, PCI Journal, Jan-Feb 1993

SEATED ON TRANSPORT TO PROJECT SITE

Concrete Properties
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc.trans = 7.00 ksi
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc: 0.150 kcf
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1 = 1.00
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l = 1.00
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Ec.trans: LRFD Eq. 5.4.2.4-1
𝐸_(𝑐.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 120000 𝐾_1 𝑤_(𝑐 )^2
𝑓_(𝑐.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)^0.33
= 120000(1.00)(0.150 kcf)²(7.00 ksi) 0.33
= 5132 ksi

Modulus of Rupture, fr.trans : LRFD 5.4.2.6

𝑓_(𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= −0.24 𝜆
√(𝑓_(𝑐.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) )
= -0.24(1.00) 7.00 ksi
= -0.635 ksi
Prestress Force
Effective Prestress Force at Seating, Peff.trans =
1251.5 kips
CG of Strands at Midspan to Bottom of Girder, ycgs.mid.trans = 7.910 in
Camber, Dcamber.trans = 2.920 in

Other Configuration Parameters

The girder is assumed to be transported to the project site bunked a distance atrans from both girder ends.
Bunking Locations from End of Girder, atrans = 10.00 ft
Height from Roll Center to Bottom of Girder, yseat.trans = 48.000 in
Height of Roll Center from Roadway, hroll.trans = 24.000 in
Bunking Tolerance from CL Girder to CL Support, ebunk.trans = 1.000 in
Hauling Rig Rotational Stiffness, Kq.trans = 40500 kip-in/rad

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Other Loading Parameters

Lateral Wind Force during Transport, wwind.trans = 0.000 klf
Vertical Wind Uplift Considered Negligible for Transport
Transport Impact, IMtrans = 0%
Effective Weight of Girder at Transport to Project Site, wDC.girder.trans:
𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) (1+
〖𝐼𝑀〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
= (0.826 klf) (1 + 0.00 )
= 0.826 klf
Total Weight of Girder at Transport, Wgirder.trans :
𝑊_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
= (0.826 klf)(136.00 ft)
= 112.3 kips

Centrifugal Force
Maximum Superelevation, atrans: 0.020 ft/ft
Minimum Turn Radius, Radiustrans: 120.00 ft
Hauling Rig Velocity in Turn, Veltrans: 10.000 mph
Centrifugal Effect, CEtrans:

〖𝐶𝐸〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠=( 〖𝑉𝑒𝑙〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^2)/(𝑔 〖𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖

𝑢𝑠〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 ) 𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)

(10.00 mph / (3600 sec/hr / 5280 feet/mile))²

= (0.826 klf)
(32.2 ft/s²)(120.00 ft)
= 0.046 klf

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Girder Eccentricities

Total Lateral Deflection over Girder Length, ei.total.trans = 2.700 in (Assumed Parabolic)
Eccentricity Reduction Factor, offsettrans:
𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 2
𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠
= 136.00 ft - 2(10.00 ft)
= 116.00 ft

Offset to centroid of a parabolically deflected girder from roll axis (used horizontally and vertically)
〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠=(𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒 based on MAST 2 Figure B1, with generic variables
𝑟 )" " ^2− 1/3

116.00 ft ² 1
= -
136.00 ft 3
= 0.394

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Lateral Deflection and Bunking Tolerance, ei.trans:
𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑒_█(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠@) 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠+ 𝑒_(𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑘.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
= (2.700 in)(0.394) + 1.000 in
= 2.064 in

nter of Mass of the Cambered Arc above Roll Axis, yr.trans:

𝑦_(𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑦_(𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+ 𝑦_𝑏+ 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠
Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
= 48.000 in + 36.600 in + 0.394(2.920 in)
= 85.751 in

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of Cambered Girder above Roll Axis, ywind.trans:

𝑦_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2+ 𝑦_(𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+

〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
72.000 in
= + 48.000 in + 0.394(2.920 in)
2
= 85.151 in

ss Eccentricity Due to Centrifugal Force, zCE.trans:

𝑧_(𝐶𝐸.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 〖𝐶𝐸〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)^5)/10−

𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^2 𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)^3+3 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^4 𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^5 )

(0.046 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(116.00 ft)⁵ 6(10.00 ft)⁵
- (10.00 ft)²(116.00 ft)³ + 3(10.00 ft)⁴ (116.00 ft) +
10 5

= 0.491 in

ass Eccentricity Due to Wind Deflection, zwind.trans:

𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)^5)/10−
𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^2 𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)^3+3 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^4 𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^5 )

(0.000 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(116.00 ft)⁵ 6(10.00 ft)⁵
-(10.00 ft)²(116.00 ft)³ + 3(10.00 ft)⁴ (116.00 ft)+
10 5
= 0.000 in

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Seated on Transport Date: .

of Mass Eccentricity Due to Wind and CE, ztotal.trans:

𝑧_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
+𝑧_(𝐶𝐸.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
= 0.000 in + 0.491 in
= 0.491 in

ccentricity Due to Girder Weight on Weak Axis, z0.trans:

𝑧_(0.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)^5)/10−
𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^2 𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)^3+3 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^4 𝐿_(1.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠^5 )

(0.826 klf )(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(116.00 ft)⁵ 6(10.00 ft)⁵
-(10.00 ft)²(116.00 ft)³ + 3(10.00 ft)⁴ (116.00 ft)+
10 5
= 8.817 in

Check Stresses
o Gravity Load, Mg.trans at x = aharp from Girder End:
𝑀_(𝑔.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 ) −
(𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.826 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.826 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40 ft - 10.00 ft) -
2 2
= 1271 kip-ft = 15252 kip-in

Lateral Moment Due to Wind, Mwind.trans at x = aharp from Girder End:

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.000 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.000 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40 ft - 10.00 ft) -
2 2
= 0.0 kip-ft = 0 kip-in

to Centrifugal Force, MCE.trans at x = aharp from Girder End:

𝑀_(𝐶𝐸.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= ( 〖𝐶𝐸〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 ) −

( 〖𝐶𝐸〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑥^2)/(2 )
(0.046 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.046 klf)(54.40 ft)²
= (54.40 ft - 10.00 ft) -
2 2
= 70.7 kip-ft = 849 kip-in

teral Moment Due to Wind and CE, Mtotal.trans:

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𝑀_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+
𝑀_(𝐶𝐸.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
= 0.0 kip-ft + 70.7 kip-ft
= 70.7 kip-ft = 849 kip-in

ning Moment Due to Wind and CE, Mot.trans:

𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ( 〖𝑤 _(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 〖 𝑦〗 _(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+𝐶𝐸 〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑦_(𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))

= (136.00 ft)( (0.000 klf)(85.151 in) + (0.046 klf)(85.751 in) )/(12in /ft)
= 44.6 kip-ft = 536 kip-in

Concrete Stresses in Girder:

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −

(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )+ 𝑀_(𝑔.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) −
𝑀_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 15,252 kip-in 849 kip-in
= 1,252 kips - + -
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³ 1,792 in³
= -0.181 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +

(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )− 𝑀_(𝑔.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) +
𝑀_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 15,252 kip-in 849 kip-in
= 1,252 kips + - +
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³ 2,895 in³
= 3.310 ksi

_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠+ 𝑊_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (𝑧_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) )+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/(𝐾_(𝜃.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)−𝑊_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (𝑦_(𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+𝑧_(0.𝑡𝑟𝑎

(40,500 kip-in/rad)(0.02000 rad) + (112.3 kip)(0.491 in + 2.064 in) + 536 kip-in

=
40,500 kip-in/rad - (112.3 kip)(85.751 in + 8.817 in)
= 0.05463 rad

𝑓_(𝑒𝑞.𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)−
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,252 kip-in)(0.05463 rad)
= -0.181 ksi -
1,792 in³
= -0.646 ksi

𝑓_(𝑒𝑞.𝑏.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,252 kip-in)(0.05463 rad)
= 3.310 ksi +
2,895 in³
= 3.597 ksi

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Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.2.3.1a

Compressive Stress: 3.597 ksi 0.60 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) = 0.60(7.00 ksi) = 4.20 ksi OK

Tensile Stress: -0.646 ksi 𝑓_𝑟 = -0.635 ksi N.G.

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Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Lateral Moment to Cause Cracking :

𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
= ( -0.181 ksi - (-0.635 ksi ))(1,792 in³ /12 in/ft)
= 67.8 kip-ft

Tilt Angle at Cracking due to Lateral Deflection:

𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)/𝑀_(𝑔.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)

67.8 kip-ft
= = 0.05332 rad
1,271 kip-ft

Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) − 𝛼_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/(𝑊_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) [(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+𝑧_(0.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+𝑧_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) + 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) ]+

(40,500 kip-in/rad)(0.05332 rad - 0.02000 rad )

=
(112.3 kip)[(85.751 in +8.817 in )(0.05332 rad) + 0.491 in + 2.064 in] + 536 kip-in
= 0.972

Critical Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟 0.972 ³ 1.000 N.G.
.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=

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Check Factor of Safety Against Failure

Factor of Safety Against Failure:
𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (𝜃)=
(𝜃 − 𝛼_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/(𝑊_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) [ (𝑧_(0.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝜃 +𝑧_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) )(1+2.5𝜃)+ 𝑦_(𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝜃+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)]+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) )

Solution for Maximum Factor of Safety, qmax.ult.trans = 0.40000 rad ≤ 0.4 rad

(40,500 kip-in/rad)(0.40000 rad - 0.02000 rad )

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=
(112.3 kip) [((8.817 in)(0.40000 rad) + 0.491 in ) (1 + 2.5(0.40000 rad)) + (85.751 in)(0.40000 rad) + 2.064 in] + 536 kip-in

= 2.788

Factor of Safety vs. θ

3.50
3.00 2.79
2.50
2.00
Factor of Safety

1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.05

0.05

0.40
0.00

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35
0.50
1.00
1.50

Rotation, θ

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure for Critical Case

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=m𝑎𝑥⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠), 〖𝐹
𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)) 〗 ³
2.788 1.500 OK

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Check Factor of Safety Against Rollover (Cracked)

Overturning Moment from Wind and CE, Mroll.trans:

𝑀_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ( 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+ 〖𝐶𝐸〗 _𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 ) 〖 (ℎ 〗 _(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)

+𝑧_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝛼_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
= (136.00 ft)( (0.000 klf + 0.046 klf )(24.000 in + (36.000 in)(0.02000 rad)) )/(12in/ft)
= 12.9 kip-ft = 154 kip-in

Tilt Angle at Maximum Resisting Moment Arm, qmax.p.trans:

𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=(𝑊_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (𝑧_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) − 〖 ℎ〗 _(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 𝛼_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 )+

𝑀_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/𝐾_(𝜃.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) +𝛼_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠

(112.3 kip)(36.000 in - (24.000 in)(0.02000 rad)) + 154 kip-in

= + 0.02000 rad
40,500 kip-in/rad
= 0.12229 rad

Corresponding Center of Mass Eccentricity due to Tilt Angle, z0.p.trans:

𝑧_(0.𝑝.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)= 𝑧_(0.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)
(1+2.5𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))
= (8.817 in)(1 + 2.5(0.12229 rad))
= 11.512 in

Factor of Safety:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=(𝐾_(𝜃.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) − 𝛼_𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))/(𝑊_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) [ (𝑧_(0.𝑝.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) +𝑦_(𝑟.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) )

𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)+ 𝑧_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) (1+2.5 𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠))+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) ]+𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) )

(40,500 kip-in/rad) (0.122 rad - 0.02000 rad)

=
(112.3 kip)[ (11.512 in + 85.751 in)(0.12229 rad) + (0.491 in)( 1 + 2.5(0.12229 rad)) + 2.064 in ] + 536 kip-in
= 1.905

Factor of Safety against Rollover:

FSroll.trans = 1.905 ³ 1.500 OK

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Lift in Field - Vertical Date: .

Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

MAST 2 Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2, PCI Journal, Jan-Feb 1993

LIFTING IN FIELD - VERTICAL CABLES

Concrete Properties
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc.lift2 = 7.00 ksi
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc = 0.150 kcf
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1 = 1.00
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l = 1.00
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Ec.lift2: LRFD Eq. 5.4.2.4-1

𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= 120000 𝐾_1 𝑤_(𝑐 )^2

𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)^0.33
= 120000(1.00)(0.150 kcf)²(7.00 ksi) 0.33
= 5132 ksi

Modulus of Rupture, fr.lift2 : LRFD 5.4.2.6

𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= −0.24 𝜆
√(𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )
= -0.24(1.00) 7.00 ksi
= -0.635 ksi (- for tension)

Prestress Force
Effective Prestress Force at Lifting, Peff.lift2 =
1252 kips
CG of Strands at Midspan to Bottom of Girder, ycgs.mid.lift2 = 7.910 in
Camber, Dcamb.lift2 = 2.000 in

Other Configuration Parameters

Lift Connection Locations from End of Girder, alift2 = 9.00 ft
Rigid Extension Lift Connection above Top of Girder, ylift = 0.000 in
Lift Connection Tolerance from Centerline of Girder, econn = 0.250 in

Other Loading Parameters

Lateral Wind Force, wwind.lift2 = 0.015 klf
Vertical Wind Uplift Considered Negligible for Lifting
Lifting Impact Factor, IMlift2 =0%
Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder = 0.826 klf
Effective Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder.lift2:
𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)=𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) (1+
〖𝐼𝑀〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)
= (0.826 klf)(1 + 0.00 )
= 0.826 klf

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Girder Eccentricities

Total Lateral Deflection over Girder Length, ei.total.lift2 = 2.700 in (Assumed Parabolic)
Eccentricity Reduction Factor, offsetlift2:
𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 2
𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2
= 136.00 ft - 2(9.00 ft)
= 118.00 ft

Offset to centroid of a parabolically deflected girder from roll axis (used horizontally and vertically)
〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2=(𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒 based on MAST 2 Figure B1, with generic variables
𝑟 )" " ^2− 1/3

118.00 ft ² 1
= -
136.00 ft 3
= 0.419

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Lateral Deflection, ei.lift2:

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2
= (2.700 in)(0.419)
= 1.133 in

Distance from the Center of Mass of the Cambered Girder below Roll Axis, yr.lift2:
𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 𝑦_𝑏 − 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2
Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+
= 72.000 in -𝑦_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡
36.600 in - 0.419(2.000 in) + 0.000 in
= 34.561 in

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Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Wind Deflection, zwind.lift1 :

𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)^5)/10− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2^2

𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)^3+3 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2^4 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2^5 )

= (0.015 klf)12 in/ft)³

(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(118.00 ft)⁵ 6(9.00 ft)⁵
- (9.00 ft)²(118.00 ft)³ + 3(9.00 ft)⁴ (118.00 ft) +
10 5

= 0.177 in

Mid-Height of the Cambered Arc Below Roll Axis, yw.lift2:

𝑦_(𝑤.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2+ 𝑦_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 − 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2

Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)
= 72.000 in + 0.000 in - 0.419(2.000 in)
2
= 35.161 in

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Girder Weight on Weak Axis, z0.lift1:

𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= 𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )
((𝐿_1^5)/10− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2^2 𝐿_1^3+3 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2^4 𝐿_1+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2^5 )

(0.826 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(118.00 ft)⁵ 6(9.00 ft)⁵
- (9.00 ft)²(118.00 ft)³ + 3(9.00 ft)⁴ (118.00 ft) +
10 5
= 9.764 in

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Eccentricity of Girder Dead Load to Equilibrate Wind Load, ewind.lift2:

𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝑦_(𝑤.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2))/𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)

= (0.015 klf)(35.161 in) = 0.639 in

0.826 klf
Check Stresses

Moment Due to Gravity Load, Mg.lift2 at x = aharp from girder end:

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 ) −
(𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

= (0.826 k-ft)(136.00 ft) (0.826 k-ft)(54.40 ft)²

(54.40 ft - 9.00 ft) -
2 2
= 1327 kip-ft = 15926 kip-in

Lateral Moment Due to Wind, Mwind.lift2 at x = aharp from girder end:

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.015 k-ft)(136.00 ft (0.015 k-ft)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40ft - 9.00 ft) -
2 2
= 24.1 kip-ft = 289 kip-in

Base Concrete Stresses in Girder before Rotation and Wind

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −
(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )+ 𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 15,926 kip-in
= 1,252 kips - +
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³
= 0.336 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +
(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )− 𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 15,926 kip-in
= 1,252 kips - -
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³
= 2.973 ksi

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Check Compressive and Tensile Stresses at Equilibrium Rotation - Wind Right

(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)=((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛−𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) ))/(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)−𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )

( 1.133 in + 0.250 in - 0.177 in + 0.639 in )

=
34.561 in - 9.764 in

= 0.07436 rad

Check of Bottom Flange Tips - Wind Right

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) − (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.07436 rad) 289 kip-in Girder Free Body
= 2.973 ksi - + Diagram, Wind Right
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
= 2.664 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.07436 rad) 289 kip-in
= 2.973 ksi + -
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
= 3.282 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Max ( 2.664 ksi , 3.282 ksi ) = 3.282 ksi

Check of Top Flange Tips - Wind Right

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.07436 rad) 289 kip-in
= 0.336 ksi - +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
= -0.164 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.07436 rad) 289 kip-in
= 0.336 ksi + -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
= 0.835 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)= Min( 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Min ( -0.164 ksi , 0.835 ksi ) = -0.118 ksi

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Check Compressive and Tensile Stresses at Equilibrium Rotation - Wind Left

𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)=((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)−𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) ))/(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)−𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )

( 1.133 in + 0.250 in + 0.177 in - 0.639 in )

=
34.561 in - 9.764 in
= 0.03715 rad

Check of Bottom Flange Tips - Wind Left

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.03715 rad) 289 kip-in Girder Free Body
= 2.973 ksi - - Diagram, Wind Left
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
= 2.669 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.03715 rad) 289 kip-in
= 2.973 ksi + +
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
= 3.277 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Max ( 2.669 ksi , 3.277 ksi ) = 3.277 ksi

Check of Top Flange Tips - Wind Left

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.03715 rad) 289 kip-in
= 0.336 ksi - -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
= -0.156 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in)(0.03715 rad) 289 kip-in
= 0.336 ksi + +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
= 0.827 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)= Min( 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Min ( -0.156 ksi , 0.827 ksi ) = -0.156 ksi

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Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.2.3.1a

Compressive Stresses 3.282 ksi 0.60 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) = 0.60(7.00 ksi) = 4.20 ksi OK

Tensile Stresses -0.156 ksi 𝑓_𝑟 = -0.635 ksi OK

Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Analysis assumes ei.lift2 is due to form misalignment and not eccentric prestressing.
Base Concrete Stresses in Girder with Wind (Left Top Tip)
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)

289 kip-in
= 0.336 ksi +
1,792 in³
0.497 ksi

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)

289 kip-in
= 0.336 ksi -
1,792 in³
0.174 ksi

Lateral Moment to Cause Cracking:

Wind Right :
𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)
−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
= ( 0.497 ksi - (-0.635 ksi ))(1,792 in³) /12 in/ft
= 169.1 kip-ft
Wind Left :
𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)
−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
= ( 0.174 ksi - (-0.635 ksi ))(1,792 in³) / 12 in/ft
= 120.9 kip-ft

Tilt Angle at Cracking due to Lateral Deflection:

Wind Right:
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)/𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)

169.1 kip-ft
= = 0.12740 rad
1,327 kip-ft
Wind Left :
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)/𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)

120.9 kip-ft
= = 0.09107 rad
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= = 0.09107 rad
1,327 kip-ft

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Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

Wind Right :
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟))/(𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)
+ 𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛 −𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )

(34.561 in)(0.12740 rad)

=
(9.764 in)(0.12740 rad) + 0.250 in - 0.177 in + 0.639 in + 1.133 in
= 1.426

Wind Left: ,
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙))/(𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)+
𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)−𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )
= (34.561 in)(0.09107 rad)
(9.764 in)(0.09107 rad) + 0.250 in + 0.177 in - 0.639 in + 1.133 in
= 1.739

Critical Factor of Safety Against Cracking :

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)=min⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.
𝑤𝑟), 〖𝐹𝑆〗=_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙))
1.426 ³ 〗 1.000 OK

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure - Wind Right

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety:

𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)=√((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛− 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+ 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )/(2.5 〖 𝑧〗 _(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) ))

1.133 in + 0.250 in - 0.177 in + 0.639 in

=
2.5(9.764 in)

1.844 in Check for rotation of center of mass past vertical, defined with negative numerator.
=
24.410 in If negative, wind left is critical case, set FS𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟 to default value of 99.

= 0.27485 rad

Factor of Safety Against Failure:

_(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝜃)/((𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝜃 −𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2))(1+2.5𝜃)+ 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )

= (34.561 in)(0.27485 rad)

((9.764 in)(0.27485 rad) - 0.177 in)(1 + 2.5(0.27485 rad)) + 0.639 in + 0.250 in + 1.133 in

= 1.520

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Check Factor of Safety Against Failure - Wind Left

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety:
𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)=√((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+ 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)− 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )/(2.5 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) ))

1.133 in + 0.250 in + 0.177 in - 0.639 in

=
2.5(9.764 in)

0.921 in Check for rotation of center of mass past vertical, defined with negative numerator.
=
24.410 in If negative, wind right is critical case, set FS𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙 to default value of 99.

= 0.19426 rad

Factor of Safety:
〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝜃)/((𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝜃+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )(1+2.5𝜃)− 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)+𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) )

(34.561 in)(0.19426 rad)

=
((9.764 in)(0.19426 rad) + 0.177 in)(1 + 2.5(0.19426 rad)) - 0.639 in + 0.250 in + 1.133 in

= 1.755

Critical Factor of Safety Against Failure:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)=𝑚𝑖𝑛⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟),
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙))
= 1.520〗

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure for Critical Case

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)=m𝑎𝑥⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2),
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2))
1.520〗³ 1.500 OK

Lateral Ultimate Moment Capacity Required, Mult.y.lift2:

𝑀_(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑦.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2)= 1.5/ 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2 )
max⁡(𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑟) , 𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙)))
= 1.5
(1,327 kip-ft)(0.27485 rad)
1.520
= 360 kip-ft

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Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

MAST 2 Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2, PCI Journal, Jan-Feb 1993

LIFTING IN FIELD - INCLINED CABLES

Concrete Properties
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc.lift2i = 7.00 ksi
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc = 0.150 kcf
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1 = 1.00
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l = 1.00
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Ec.lift2i: LRFD Eq. 5.4.2.4-1

𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= 120000 𝐾_1 𝑤_(𝑐 )^2

𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)^0.33
= 120000(1.00)(0.150 kcf)²(7.00 ksi) 0.33
= 5132 ksi

Modulus of Rupture, fr.lift2i : LRFD 5.4.2.6

𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= −0.24 𝜆
√(𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )
= -0.24(1.00) 7.00 ksi
= -0.635 ksi

Prestress Force
Effective Prestressed Force at Lifting, Peff.lift2i =
1252 kips
CG of Strands at Midspan to Bottom of Girder, ycgs.mid.lift2i = 7.910 in
Camber, Dcamb.lift2i = 2.000 in

Other Configuration Parameters

Lift Connection Locations from End of Girder, alift2i = 9.00 ft
Rigid Extension Lift Connection above Top of Girder, ylift = 0.000 in
Lift Connection Tolerance from Centerline of Girder, econn = 0.250 in

Other Loading Parameters

Lateral Wind Force, wwind.lift2i = 0.015 klf
Vertical Wind Uplift Considered Negligible for Lifting
Lifting Impact Factor, IMlift2i 0%
=
Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder = 0.826 klf
Effective Unit Weight of Girder, wDC.girder.lift2i :
𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)=𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) (1+
〖𝐼𝑀〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)
= (0.826 klf)(1 + 0.00 )
= 0.826 klf

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Inclined Cable Support

Height of Upper Yolk above Lower Lift Connection , yupper.yolk =59.00 ft
Angle of Cables from Horizontal, ɸyolk2i :

𝜑_𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘2𝑖= {█(90 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑓

𝑦_(𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟.𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘)=0𝑓𝑡@atan⁡(𝑦_(𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟.𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘)/( 〖 0.5
𝐿 〗 _𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )) 𝑖𝑓 𝑦_(𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟.𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘) >0𝑓𝑡)┤

= 45.000 deg

Horizontal Component of Lift Force, Ph.lift2 :

𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)=𝑊_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) (𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )/(2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜑_𝑦𝑜𝑙𝑘2𝑖 )

136.000 ft
= 0.826klf x
2 tan( 45.000 degrees )
= 56 kips

Critical Compression Load, Pcr.lift2i :

;𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= (𝜋^2 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝐼_𝑦 )/((𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −2 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )^2 )

p2 (5,132 ksi)(37,634 in)(1 ft / 12 in)

=
( 136.000 ft - 2(9.000 ft))
For the case where a spreader beam is used
= 951 kips that is shorter than the distance between the
girder lift points, use a yupper.yolk dimension
resulting in an equivalent angle ɸ.
Lateral Deflection Modifier, emod.lift2i :

𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= (1 )/(1−𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )

1
=
56 kips
1-
951 kips
= 1.063

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Girder Eccentricities

Total Lateral Deflection over Girder Length, ei.total.lift2i = 2.700 in (Assumed Parabolic)
Eccentricity Reduction Factor, offsetlift2i :
𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡21)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 2
𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖
= 136.00 ft - 2(9.00 ft)
= 118.00 ft

Offset to centroid of a parabolically deflected girder from roll axis (used horizontally and vertically)
〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖=(𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) based on MAST 2 Figure B1, with generic variables
" " ^2− 1/3

118.00 ft ² 1
= -
136.00 ft 3
= 0.419

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Lateral Deflection, ei.lift2i :

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)
= (2.700 in)(0.419)(1.063)
= 1.204 in

Distance from the Center of Mass of the Cambered Girder below Roll Axis, yr.lift2 :
𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= 𝑦_𝑡 − 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+
𝑦_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 = 35.400 in - 0.419(2.000 in) + 0.000 in
= 34.561 in

Modified Lift Connection Tolerance, econn.lift2i :

𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= 𝑒_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛 𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)
= (0.250 in)(1.063)
= 0.266 in

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Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Wind Deflection, zwind.lift2i :

𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖))/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )

((𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)^5)/10− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖^2 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)^3+3 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖^4 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖^5 )

= (0.015 klf)(1.063)(12 in/ft)³

(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(118.00 ft)⁵ 6(9.00 ft)⁵
- (9.00 ft)²(118.00 ft)³ + 3(9.00 ft)⁴ (118.00 ft) +
10 5

= 0.189 in

Mid-Height of the Cambered Arc Below Roll Axis, yw.lift2i:

𝑦_(𝑤.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2+ 𝑦_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡 − 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖

Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)
= 72.000 in + 0.000 in - 0.419(2.000 in)
2
= 35.161 in

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Girder Weight on Weak Axis, z0.lift2i :

𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑒_(𝑚𝑜𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖))/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )
((𝐿_1𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖^5)/10− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖^2 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)^3+3 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖^4 𝐿_(1.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖^5 )

(0.826 klf)(1.063)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(118.00 ft)⁵ 6(9.00 ft)⁵
- (9.00 ft)²(118.00 ft)³ + 3(9.00 ft)⁴ (118.00 ft) +
10 5
= 10.377 in

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Eccentricity of Girder Dead Load to Equilibrate Wind Load, ewind.lift2i :

𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 𝑦_(𝑤.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖))/𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)

= (0.015 klf)(35.161 in) = 0.639 in

0.826 klf
Check Stresses

Moment Due to Gravity Load, Mg.lift2i at x = aharp from girder end:

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 ) −
(𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

= (0.826 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.826 klf)(54.40 ft)²

(54.40ft - 9.00 ft) -
2 2
= 1327 kip-ft = 15926 kip-in

Lateral Moment Due to Wind, Mwind.lift2i at x = aharp from girder end:

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.015 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.015 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40ft - 9.00 ft) -
2 2
= 24.1 kip-ft = 289 kip-in

Base Concrete Stresses in Girder before Rotation and Wind

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )+

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) + 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )" "

1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 15,926 kip-in

= 1,252 kips - +
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³
1 34.561 in
+ 56 kips +
767.0 in² 15,421 in³
= 0.535 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )−

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) " + " 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )

1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 15,926 kip-in

= 1,252 kips + -
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³
1 34.561 in
+ 56 kips -
767.0 in² 14,915 in³
= 2.916 ksi

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Eccentricity Factor (Section Under Consideration to Roll Axis), eh.lift1i :

𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= 〖 ((𝐿_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )−2 𝑎_𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) " " 〗 ^2−

〖 ((𝐿_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )−2 𝑎_ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑝)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) " " 〗 ^2

2 2
136.00 ft - 2(9.00 ft) 136.00 ft - 2(54.40 ft)
= -
136.00 ft 136.00 ft
= 0.713
Check Compressive and Tensile Stresses at Equilibrium Rotation (Wind Right)

𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)−𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) ))/(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)−𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )

( 1.204 in + 0.266 in - 0.189 in + 0.639 in )

=
34.561 in - 10.377 in
= 0.07938 rad

Eccentricity from Section Under Consideration to Roll Axis (Wind Right) :

𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= 𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+(𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)− 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) ) 𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)

= 0.266 in + ( 1.204 in - 0.189 in)(0.713)
= 0.989 in

𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 〖 𝑒〗 _(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)

= (56 kip)(0.989 in)
= 4.6 kip-ft = 56 kip-in Girder Free Body
Diagram, Wind Right

Check of Bottom Flange Tips - Wind Right

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒) − ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)) 〖

𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) " "− " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(10.377 in))(0.07938 rad) 56 kip-in
= 2.916 ksi - -
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
289 kip-in
+
2,895 in³
= 2.544 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)) 〖
𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) " "+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(10.377 in))(0.07938 rad) 56 kip-in
= 2.916 ksi + +
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
289 kip-in
-
2,895 in³
= 3.288 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Max ( 2.544 ksi , 3.288 ksi ) = 3.288 ksi
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Check of Top Flange Tips - Wind Right

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)) 〖
𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) " "− " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(10.377 in))(0.07938 rad) 56 kip-in
= 0.535 ksi - -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
289 kip-in
+
1,792 in³
= -0.066 ksi

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_█( @𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)

𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)) 〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) " "+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) −
𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) (15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(10.377 in))(0.07938 rad) 56 kip-in
= 0.535 ksi + +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
289 kip-in
-
1,792 in³
= 1.136 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= Min( 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Min ( -0.066 ksi , 1.136 ksi ) = -0.066 ksi

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Check Compressive and Tensile Stresses at Equilibrium Rotation (Wind Left)

𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)−𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) ))/(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)−𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )

( 1.204 in + 0.266 in + 0.189 in - 0.639 in )

=
34.561 in - 10.377 in
= 0.04214 rad

Eccentricity from Section Under Consideration to Roll Axis (Wind Left):

𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= 𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+(𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) ) 𝑒_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)

= 0.266 in + ( 1.204 in + 0.189 in )(0.713)
= 1.258 in Girder Free Body
Diagram, Wind Left
𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2) 〖 𝑒〗 _█(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙@)
= (56 kip)(1.258 in)
= 5.9 kip-ft = 71 kip-in

Check of Bottom Flange Tips - Wind Left

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)) 〖 𝜃〗
_(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) " "− " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(10.377 in))(0.04214 rad) 71 kip-in
= 2.916 ksi - -
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
289 kip-in
+
2,895 in³
= 2.751 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)) 〖 𝜃〗

_(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) " "+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(10.377 in))(0.04214 rad) 71 kip-in
= 2.916 ksi + +
2,895 in³ 2,895 in³
289 kip-in
-
2,895 in³
= 3.081 ksi
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= Max( 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑏.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Max ( 2.751 ksi , 3.081 ksi ) = 3.081 ksi

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Lift in Field - Inclined Date: .

Check of Top Flange Tips - Wind Left

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)) 〖 𝜃〗

_(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) " "− " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(10.377 in))(0.04214 rad) 71 kip-in
= 0.535 ksi - -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
289 kip-in
-
1,792 in³
= -0.054 ksi

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ ( 〖 (𝑀 〗 _(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)) 〖

𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) " "+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
(15,926 kip-in + (56 kips)(10.377 in))(0.04214 rad) 71 kip-in
= 0.535 ksi + +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
289 kip-in
+
1,792 in³
= 1.124 ksi
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑐𝑘.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= Min( 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) ,
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙.𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡))
= Min ( -0.054 ksi , 1.124 ksi ) = -0.054 ksi

Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.4.2.1

Compressive Stresses 3.288 ksi 0.60 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) = 0.60(7.00 ksi) = 4.20 ksi OK

Tensile Stresses -0.066 ksi 𝑓_𝑟 = -0.635 ksi OK

Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Analysis assumes ei.lift2i is due to form misalignment and not eccentric prestressing.
Base Concrete Stresses in Girder with Wind (Left Top Tip)
𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)+ " " 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) +
𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
56 kip-in 289 kip-in
= 0.535 ksi + +
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
0.727 ksi

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒)− 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙 )/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) −

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)

71 kip-in 289 kip-in

= 0.535 ksi - -
1,792 in³ 1,792 in³
0.334 ksi

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Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Analysis assumes ei.lift is due to form misalignment and not eccentric prestressing.
Lateral Moment to Cause Cracking:
Wind Right:
𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
− 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)
= ( 0.727 ksi - (-0.635 ksi ))(1,792 in³) / 12 in/ft - 4.6 kip-ft
= 198.8 kip-ft
Wind Left:
𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)= (𝑓_(𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑖)−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )
𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡) − 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)
= ( 0.334 ksi - (-0.635 ksi ))(1,792 in³) / 12 in/ft - 5.9 kip-ft
= 138.8 kip-ft

Tilt Angle at Cracking due to Lateral Deflection:

Wind Right:
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)/
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )

(198.8 kip-ft)(12in / ft)

= = 0.14934 rad
1,327 kip-ft + 56 kip x 10.377 in
Wind Left:
𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)/(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )

(138.8 kip-ft)(12in / ft)

= = 0.10427 rad
1,327 kip-ft + (56 kip)(10.377 in)

Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

Wind Right:
2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟))/(𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)+ 𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) −𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓

(34.561 in)(0.14934 rad)

=
(10.377 in)(0.14934 rad) + 0.266 in - 0.189 in + 0.639 in + 1.204 in
= 1.488

Wind Left:
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙𝑖))/(𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2.𝑤𝑙𝑖)+
𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)−𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )
= (34.561 in)(0.10427 rad)
(10.377 in)(0.10427 rad) + 0.266 in + 0.189 in - 0.639 in + 1.204 in
= 1.715

Critical Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)=min⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.
𝑤𝑟), 〖𝐹𝑆〗=_(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙))
1.488 ³ 〗 1.000 OK

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Check Factor of Safety Against Failure - Wind Right

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety:

𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=√((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)− 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )/(2.5 〖 𝑧〗 _(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) ))

1.204 in + 0.266 in - 0.189 in + 0.639 in

=
2.5(10.377 in)

1.920 in Check for rotation of center of mass past vertical, defined with negative numerator.
=
25.942 in If negative, wind left is critical case, set FS𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2i.𝑤𝑟 to default value of 99.

= 0.27203 rad
Factor of Safety: .

_(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝜃)/((𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝜃 −𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖))(1+2.5𝜃)+ 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )

(34.561 in)(0.27203 rad)

=
((10.377 in)(0.27203 rad) - 0.189 in)(1 + 2.5(0.27203 rad)) + 0.639 in+ 0.266 in + 1.204 in

= 1.442

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Lift in Field - Inclined Date: .

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure - Wind Left

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety (check):
𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=√((𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)− 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )/(2.5 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) ))

1.204 in + 0.266 in + 0.189 in - 0.639 in

=
2.5(10.377 in)

1.019 in Check for rotation of center of mass past vertical, defined with negative numerator.
=
25.942 in If negative, wind left is critical case, set FS𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2i.𝑤𝑟 to default value of 99.

= 0.19820 rad

Factor of Safety:
(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙)=(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 ) 𝜃)/((𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝜃− 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖))(1+2.5𝜃)+𝑒_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )

= (34.175 in)(0.19820 rad)

((10.377 in)(0.19820 rad) - 0.639 in + 0.189 in)(1 + 2.5(0.19820 rad)) + 0.266 in + 1.204 in
= 1.642

Critical Factor of Safety Against Failure:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)=𝑚𝑖𝑛⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟
), 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙))
= 1.442 〗

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure for Critical Case

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)=m𝑎𝑥⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖),
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖))
1.488 〗³ 1.500 N.G.

Lateral Ultimate Moment Capacity Required, Mult.y.lift2i :

𝑀_(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑦.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖)= 1.5/ 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖 )+𝑃_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) 𝑧_(0.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖) )max(𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟) ,
𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙))+max(𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑙) , 𝑀_(ℎ.𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡2𝑖.𝑤𝑟))" "

= 1.5
( 1,327 kip-ft + (56 kip)(10.377 in)/(12 in/ft))(0.27203 rad) + 6 kip-ft
1.488
= 383 kip-ft

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Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

MAST 2 Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2, PCI Journal, Jan-Feb 1993

SEATED ON BEARING

Concrete Properties
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc.seat2 = 7.00 ksi
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc: 0.150 kcf
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1 = 1.00
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l = 1.00
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Ec.seat2: LRFD Eq. 5.4.2.4-1
𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 120000 𝐾_1 𝑤_(𝑐 )^2
𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)^0.33
= 120000(1.00)(0.150 kcf)²(7.00 ksi) 0.33
= 5132 ksi

Modulus of Rupture, fr.seat2 : LRFD 5.4.2.6

𝑓_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= −0.24 𝜆
√(𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) )
= -0.24(1.00) 7.00 ksi
= -0.635 ksi

Prestress Force
Effective Prestress Force at Seating, Peff.seat2 =1252 kips
CG of Strands at Midspan to Bottom of Girder, ycgs.mid.seat2 = 7.910 in
Camber at Seating, Dcamber.seat2 = 2.550 in

Other Configuration Parameters

Plan Dimension of Bearing Parallel to the Axis of Rotation
(Parallel to Transverse Axis of the Girder), Wbrg.seat2 = 20.000 in
Height of Bearing, hbrg.seat2 = 3.844 in
Height from Roll Center to Bottom of Girder, ybrg.seat2 = 1.922 in
Height of Roll Center from Bearing Pedestal, hroll.seat2 = 1.922 in
Bearing Tolerance from CL Girder to CL Support, ebrg.seat2 = 0.500 in
Centerline Bearing to End of Girder, a.seat2 = 0.830 ft
Max. Transverse Seating Tolerance from Level, aseat2 = 0.005 ft/ft
Transverse Bearing Rotational Stiffness, Kqseat2 = 74725 kip-in/rad

Other Loading Parameters

Lateral Wind Force at Seating, wwind.seat2 = 0.015 klf
Vertical Wind Uplift Considered Negligible for First Girder Seated on Bearing

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First Girder Seated on Bearings Date: .

Girder Eccentricities

Total Lateral Deflection over Girder Length, ei.total.seat1 = 2.700 in (Assumed Parabolic)
Eccentricity Reduction Factor, offsetseat2:
𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 2
𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2
= 136.00 ft - 2(0.83 ft)
= 134.34 ft

Offset to centroid of a parabolically deflected girder from roll axis (used horizontally and vertically)
〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2=(𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)/𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒 based on MAST 2 Figure B1, with generic variables
𝑟 )" " ^2− 1/3

134.34 ft ² 1
= -
136.00 ft 3
= 0.642

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Lateral Deflection, ei.seat2:

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2

= (2.700 in)(0.642in)
= 1.734 in

nter of Mass of the Cambered Arc above Roll Axis, yr.seat2:

𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑦_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+ 𝑦_𝑏+ 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2
Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)
= 1.922 in + 36.600 in + 0.642(2.550 in)
= 40.160 in

of Cambered Girder above Roll Axis, ymid.seat2:

𝑦_(𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2+ 𝑦_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+

〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2 Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)
72.000 in
= + 1.922 in + 0.642(2.550 in)
2
= 39.560 in
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Wind Deflection (wr=wind right, wl=wind left), zwind.seat2:

𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)^5)/10−
𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2^2 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)^3+3 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2^4 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2^5 )

(0.015 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(134.34 ft)⁵ 6(0.83 ft)⁵
- (0.83 ft)²(134.34 ft)³ + 3(0.83 ft)⁴ (134.34 ft) +
10 5

= 0.360 in

ction Due to Girder Weight on Weak Axis, z0.seat2:

𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)^5)/10−
𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2^2 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)^3+3 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2^4 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2^5 )

(0.826 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(134.34 ft)⁵ 6(0.83 ft)⁵
- (0.83 ft)²(134.34 ft)³ + 3(0.83 ft)⁴ (134.34 ft) +
10 5
= 19.798 in

Check Stresses

o Gravity Load, Mg.seat2 at x = aharp from Girder End:

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2 ) −
(𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.826 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.826 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40ft - 0.83 ft) -
2 2
= 1785.8 kip-ft = 21430 kip-in
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Due to Wind, Mwind.seat2 at x = aharp from Girder End:

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.015 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.015 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40ft - 0.83 ft) -
2 2
= 32.4 kip-ft = 389 kip-in

erturning Moment Due to Wind, Mot.seat2:

𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)
𝑦_(𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)
= (136.00 ft)(0.015 klf)(39.560 in) / (12 in / 1 ft)
= 6.7 kip-ft = 81 kip-in

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Concrete Stresses in Girder:

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )+
𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 21,430 kip-in 389 kip-in
= 1,252 kips - + -
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³ 1,792 in³
= 0.475 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )−

𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 21,430 kip-in 389 kip-in
= 1,252 kips + - +
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³ 2,895 in³
= 2.738 ksi

) 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2+ 𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 (𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) )+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/(𝐾_(𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)−𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 (𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑧_(0.

(74,725 kip-in/rad)(0.00500 rad) + (112.3 kip) (0.360 in +1.734 in + 0.500 ) + 81 kip-in

=
74,725 kip-in/rad - (112.3 kip)(40.160 in +19.798 in )
= 0.01097 rad

𝑓_(𝑒𝑞.𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)−
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)(21,430 kip-in)(0.01097 rad)
= 0.475 ksi -
1,792 in³
= 0.344 ksi

𝑓_(𝑒𝑞.𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
(21,430 kip-in)(0.01097 rad)
= 2.738 ksi +
2,895 in³
= 2.820 ksi

Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.4.2.1

Compressive Stresses 2.820 ksi 0.60 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) = 0.60(7.000 ksi) = 4.20 ksi OK

Tensile Stresses 0.344 ksi 𝑓_𝑟 = -0.635 ksi OK

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Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Lateral Moment to Cause Cracking:

𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)=
(𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
= ( 0.475 ksi - (-0.635 ksi ))(1,792 in³) / (12 in/ft)
= 165.8 kip-ft

Tilt Angle at Cracking due to Lateral Deflection:

𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)/𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)

165.8 kip-ft
= = 0.09286 rad
1,786 kip-ft

Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) (𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) − 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) + 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+ 𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠

(74,725 kip-in/rad)( 0.09286 rad - 0.00500 rad )

=
(112.3 kip) [(40.160 in +19.798 in )(0.09286 rad) + 0.360 in + 1.734 in + 0.500 in] + 81 kip-in
= 6.584

Critical Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟 6.584 ³ 1.000 OK
.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)=

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Check Factor of Safety Against Failure

Factor of Safety:

𝑎𝑡2) (𝜃)
(𝜃 − 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [ (𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 𝜃+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) )(1+2.5𝜃)+ 𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 𝜃+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2 )+ 𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)]+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡

Solution for Maximum Factor of Safety, qmax.ult.seat2 = 0.27538 rad ≤ 0.4 rad

Factor of Safety:
(74,725 kip-in/rad) ( 0.27538 rad - 0.00500 rad )
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)=
(112.3 kip)[((19.80 in)(0.27538 rad) + 0.36 in)(1 + 2.5(0.27538 rad)) + (40.16 in)(0.27538 rad) + 1.73 in + 0.50 ] + 81 kip-in

= 7.553

Factor of Safety vs. θ

10.00

8.00 7.5526352067386
4
Factor of Safety

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.20

0.22

0.24

0.26

0.28

0.30

0.32

0.34

0.36

0.38

0.40
2.00

Rotation, θ

Factor of Safety Against Failure :

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure for Critical Case
〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)=m𝑎𝑥⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2), 〖𝐹
𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))
= 〗
7.553 ³ 1.500 OK

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Check Factor of Safety Against Rollover (Cracked)

Horizontal Distance from Roll Axis to Kern Point of Pad, zmax.seat2:

𝑧_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)=
𝑊_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2 )/6
20.000 in
=
6
= 3.333 in

Overturning Moment from Wind, Mroll.seat2:

𝑀_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)
〖 ℎ〗 _(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)
= (136.00 ft)(0.015 klf)(1.922 in)/(12in/ft)
= 0.3 kip-ft = 4 kip-in

Tilt Angle at Maximum Resisting Moment Arm, qmax.p.seat:

𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)=(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 (𝑧_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) −ℎ_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2 − 𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) )+ 𝑀_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/𝐾_(𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) +𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2

(112.3 kip)(3.333 in - (1.922 in)(0.00500 rad) - 0.500 in) + 4 kip-in

= + 0.00500 rad
74,725 kip-in/rad
= 0.00930 rad

Corresponding Center of Mass Eccentricity due to Tilt Angle, z0.p.seat2:

𝑧_(0.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)= 𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)
(1+2.5𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))
= (19.80 in) ( 1 + 2.5(0.00930 rad))
= 20.258 in

Factor of Safety against Rollover:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)=(𝐾_(𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) (𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) − 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [ (𝑧_(0.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) )
𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+ 𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 〖 (1+2.5𝜃 〗 _(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))+ 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) ]+𝑀_(𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) )

(74,725 kip-in/rad)( 0.00930 rad - 0.00500 rad )

=
(112.3 kip) [ (20.258 in + 40.160 in )(0.00930 rad) + (0.360 in)(1 + 2.5(0.00930 rad)) + 1.734 in + 0.500 in ] + 4 kip-in
= 0.894

FSroll.seat2 = 0.894 < 1.500 N.G.; Add End Bracing

Overturning Moment to be Resisted by Bracing (Service), if needed:

𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒)= (𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [ 𝑧_(0.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) 𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+ 𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)
𝜃_(𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑝.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2)+𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2) ]+𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/2

(112.3 kip)[(20.258 in)(0.00930 rad) + (40.160 in)(0.00930 rad) + 1.734 in + 0.500 in]/(12in/ft) + 6.7 kip-ft
=
2
= 14.1 kip-ft for each brace

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Concurrent Lateral Force (Service):

𝐹_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒)= (𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡2))/2
(136.000 ft)(0.015 klf)
=
2
= 1.020 kip for each brace

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Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

GSBTW AASHTO Guide Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works, 2nd Edition
GSWLB AASHTO Guide Specifications for Wind Loads on Bridges during Construction, 1st Edition
MAST 2 Lateral Stability of Long Prestressed Concrete Beams - Part 2, PCI Journal, Jan-Feb 1993

SEATED ON BEARING - INACTIVE CONSTRUCTION

Concrete Properties
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc.seat3 = 7.00 ksi
Unit Weight of Unreinforced Girder Concrete, wc: 0.150 kcf
Correction Factor for Modulus of Elasticity, K1 = 1.00
Concrete Density Modification Factor, l = 1.00
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity, Ec.seat3: LRFD Eq. 5.4.2.4-1

𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 120000 𝐾_1 𝑤_(𝑐 )^2

𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)^0.33
= 120000(1.00)(0.150 kcf)²(7.00 ksi) 0.33
= 5132 ksi

Modulus of Rupture, fr.seat3 : LRFD 5.4.2.6

𝑓_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= −0.24 𝜆
√(𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡.3) )
= -0.24(1.00) 7.00 ksi
= -0.635 ksi
Prestress Force
Effective Prestress Force at Seating, Peff.seat3 =1252 kips
CG of Strands at Midspan to Bottom of Girder, ycgs.mid.seat3 = 7.910 in
Camber at Seating, Dcamber.seat3 = 2.550 in

Other Configuration Parameters

Number of Girders in Typical Section, ngirders = 11
Height from Roll Center to Bottom of Girder, ybrg.seat3 = 1.922 in
Bearing Tolerance from CL Girder to CL Support, ebrg.seat3 = 0.500 in
Equivalent Bunk Points, aseat3 = 0.83 ft
Transverse Seating Tolerance from Level, aseat3 = 0.00500 ft/ft
Transverse Bearing Rotational Stiffness, Kqseat3 = 74725 kip-in/rad

Other Loading Parameters

Lateral Wind Force during Seating of First Girder, wwind.seat3 = 0.155 klf
Vertical Wind Uplift Force, wuplift.seat3 = 0.021 klf

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Girder Eccentricities

Total Lateral Deflection over Girder Length, ei.total.seat3 = 2.700 in (Assumed Parabolic)
Eccentricity Reduction Factor, offsetseat3:
𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 − 2
𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3
= 136.00 ft - 2(0.83 ft)
= 134.340 ft

Offset to centroid of a parabolically deflected girder from roll axis (used horizontally and vertically)
〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _█(𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3@)=(𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)/𝐿_ based on MAST 2 Figure B1, with generic variables
𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )" " ^2− 1/3

134.34 ft ² 1
= -
136.00 ft 3
= 0.642

Center of Mass Eccentricity Due to Lateral Deflection, ei.seat3:

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3

= (2.700 in)(0.642)
= 1.734 in

Distance from the Center of Mass of the Cambered Arc above Roll Axis, yr.seat3:
𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑦_(𝑏𝑟𝑔,𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+ 𝑦_𝑏+ 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3
Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)
= 1.922 in + 36.600 in + 0.642(2.550 in)
= 40.160 in

of Cambered Girder above Roll Axis, ymid.seat3:

𝑦_(𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟/2+ 𝑦_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+

〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 Δ_(𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)
72.000 in
= + 1.922 in + 0.642(2.550 in)
2
= 39.560 in
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Wind Deflection (wr=wind right, wl=wind left), zwind.seat3:

𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)^5)/10−
𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3^2 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)^3+3 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3^4 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3^5 )

(0.155 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)

(134.34 ft)⁵ 6(0.83 ft)⁵

- (0.83 ft)²(134.34 ft)³ + 3(0.83 ft)⁴ (134.34 ft) +
10 5

= 3.717 in

ction Due to Girder Weight on Weak Axis, z0.seat3:

𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(12 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝐼_𝑦 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) ((𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)^5)/10−
𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3^2 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)^3+3 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3^4 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+ 6/5 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3^5 )

(0.826 klf)(12 in/ft)³

=
(12)(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(136.00 ft)
(134.34 ft)⁵ 6(0.83 ft)⁵
- (0.83 ft)²(134.34 ft)³ + 3(0.83 ft)⁴ (134.34 ft) +
10 5
= 19.798 in

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Check Stresses (No Bracing)

o Gravity Load, Mg.seat3 at x = aharp from Girder End:
𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= (𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 ) −
(𝑤_(𝐷𝐶.𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.826 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.826 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40 ft - 0.83 ft) -
2 2
= 1785.8 kip-ft = 21430 kip-in

o Wind on Girder, Mwind.seat3 at x = aharp from Girder End:

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= (𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.155 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.155 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40 ft - 0.83 ft) -
2 2
= 335.3 kip-ft = 4023 kip-in

Uplift Moment Due to Wind, Muplift.seat3:

𝑀_(𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= (𝑤_(𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/(2 ) (𝑥− 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 ) −
(𝑤_(𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝑥^2)/(2 )

(0.021 klf)(136.00 ft) (0.021 klf)(54.40 ft)²

= (54.40 ft - 0.83 ft) -
2 2
= 45.4 kip-ft = 545 kip-in

erturning Moment Due to Wind, Mot.seat3:

𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)
𝑦_(𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)
= (136.00 ft)(0.155 klf)(39.56 in) / (12 in / 1 ft)
= 69.5 kip-ft = 834 kip-in

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Concrete Stresses in Girder:

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )+
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3−) 𝑀_(𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 21,430 in-kip - 545 in-kip 4,023 in-kip
= 1,252 kips - + -
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³ 1,792 in³
= -1.588 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )−

(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3−) 𝑀_(𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 21,430 in-kip - 545 in-kip 4,023 in-kip
= 1,252 kips + - +
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³ 2,895 in³
= 4.030 ksi

𝑡3) 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3+ 𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 (𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) )+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/(𝐾_(𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)−𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 (𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ) )

(74,725 kip-in/rad)(0.00500 rad) +(112.3 kip) (3.717 in +1.734 in ) + 834 in-kip

=
74,725 kip-in/rad - (112.3 kip)(40.160 in +19.798 in )
= 0.02676 rad

𝑓_(𝑒𝑞.𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)−
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 )
〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)(21,430 in-kip)(0.02676 rad)
= -1.588 ksi -
1,792 in³
= -1.908 ksi

𝑓_(𝑒𝑞.𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑓_(𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+ (𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 ) 〖 𝜃〗 _(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)

(21,430 in-kip)(0.02676 rad)

= 4.030 ksi +
2,895 in³
= 4.228 ksi

Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.2.3.1a

Compressive Stresses 4.23 ksi 0.60 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 0.60(7.000 ksi) = 4.20 ksi N.G.

Tensile Stresses -1.91 ksi 𝑓_𝑟 = -0.635 ksi N.G.

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Check Factor of Safety Against Cracking

Lateral Moment to Cause Cracking:

𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)=
(𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)−𝑓_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ) 𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
= ( -1.588 ksi - (-0.635 ksi ))(1,792 in³) / (12 in/ft)
= -142.3 kip-ft

Tilt Angle at Cracking due to Lateral Deflection:

𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)=𝑀_(𝑙𝑎𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)/𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)

-142.3 kip-ft
= = -0.079673 rad
1,786 kip-ft

Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

𝑒𝑎𝑡3) (𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) − 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [(𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ) 𝜃_(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) + 𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) + 𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠

(74,725 kip-in/rad)( -0.07967 rad - 0.00500 rad )

=
(112.3 kip)[(40.160 in +19.798 in )(-0.07967 rad) + 3.717 in + 1.734 in + 0.500 in ] + 834 kip-in
= -6.551

Critical Factor of Safety Against Cracking:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟 -6.551 < 1.000 N.G.
.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)=

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Check Factor of Safety Against Failure

Find Maximum Factor of Safety:

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) (𝜃)=

(𝐾_(𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) (𝜃 − 𝛼_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [ (𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝜃+𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) )(1+2.5𝜃)+
𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝜃+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+ 𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ]+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) )

Rotation at Maximum Factor of Safety, qmax.ult.seat3 = 0.40000 rad ≤ 0.4 rad

Factor of Safety:
(74,725 kip-in/rad)( 0.40000 rad - 0.00500 rad )
=
(112.3 kip )[ ((19.798 in)(0.40000 rad) + 3.717 in)(1 + 2.5(0.40000 rad)) + (40.160 in)(0.40000 rad) + 1.734 in + 0.500 in] + 833.9 kip-in

= 5.365

Factor of Safety vs. θ

6.00
5.365
5.00

4.00
Factor of Safety

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
0.04

0.08

0.10

0.16

0.22

0.26

0.28

0.34

0.38
-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.06

0.12

0.14

0.18

0.20

0.24

0.30

0.32

0.36

0.40
1.00

Rotation, θ

Check Factor of Safety Against Failure for Critical Case

〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)=m𝑎𝑥⁡〖 ( 〖𝐹𝑆〗 _(𝑢𝑙𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3), 〖𝐹
𝑆〗 _(𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)) 〗 ³
5.365 1.500 OK

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Check Bearing Pad Effectiveness Under Service Loads

Eccentricity at Service:

〖𝑒𝑐𝑐〗 _(𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)=(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 [(𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ) 𝜃_(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) +𝑧_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+

𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) + 𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ]+ 𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/(𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )

(112.3 kip)[ (19.798 in + 40.160 in )(0.02676 rad) + 3.717 in + 1.734 in + 0.500 in ] + 834 kip-in
=
112.3 kip
= 14.983 in

Eccentricity Limit: FS_overturning = 1.5

〖𝑒𝑐𝑐〗 _(𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣.𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡)=
𝑊_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 )/(6(1.5))
20.000 in
=
6(1.5)
= 2.222 in

Check Full Bearing:

Service Allowable Check
Eccentricity 14.98 in ³ 2.222 in Add Bracing

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Design of Bracing (with End and Intermediate Bracing)

Number of Braces, nbraces = 8 Imperfection (play) in each brace, ebrace = 0.125 in

(𝑠_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )/ℎ_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
Ratio of Girder Spacing to Girder Height, ratiogs.gh =

(7.000 ft)(12 in / 1 ft)

= = 1.167
72.000 in

Drag Coefficients on Girders, GSWLB Section 4.2.2

First Girder = 1.00 CD
Second Girder = 0.00 CD
Third Girder = 0.25 CD ratiogs.gh ≤ 3
Fourth Girder = 0.25 CD ratiogs.gh
≤ 3
Fifth Girder = C
0.25 D ratio gs.gh ≤ 3
Remainder Total = C
3.00 D = 6 girder(s) (0.50𝐶_𝐷 )
Total Drag Coefficent on Girders System, totalCD = 4.75 CD

Total Wind Force Resisted by All Girders, wwind.global

𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 )= 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 〖𝑡
𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙〗 _𝐶𝐷
= (0.155 klf)(4.75)

= 0.736 klf = 0.0614 kips per inch

Girder Deflection in Global Girder System, dwind.ext.global :

𝛿_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑒𝑥𝑡.𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙)=(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙) 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/(384 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝐼_𝑦 𝑛_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) [5

〖𝐿 _(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 〗 ^3 −24 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3^2 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ]+ (𝑛_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −1)/2 𝑒_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒

(0.736 klf)(134.34 ft)(12 in/ft)³

= [5(134.34 ft)³ - 24(0.83 ft)²(134.34 ft)]
384(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in⁴ )(11 girders)

11 girders - 1
+ (0.125 in)
2
= 3.165 in

Windward Exterior Girder Deflection without Bracing, dwind.ext.single :

𝛿_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑒𝑥𝑡.𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)=(𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/(384 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝐼_𝑦 ) [5

〖𝐿 _(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 〗 ^3 −24 𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3^2 𝐿_(1.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ]

(0.1550 klf)(134.34 ft)(12 in/ft)³

= [5(134.34 ft)³ - 24(0.83 ft)²(134.34 ft)]
384(5,132 ksi)(37,634 in)⁴
= 5.882 in

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e of Wind Force on Simple Span Girder, SSGpct

〖𝑆𝑆𝐺〗 _𝑝𝑐𝑡= 𝛿_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑒𝑥𝑡.𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙)/𝛿_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑒𝑥𝑡.𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)

3.165 in
= = 53.81 %
5.882 in

e Moment Coefficient Due to Bracing, Mmod:

𝑀_𝑚𝑜𝑑= {█(0.125 𝑖𝑓
𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠<[email protected] 𝑖𝑓 𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 Assumes girder has bracng at
[email protected] 𝑖𝑓 𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 [email protected] Mmod = 0.106 equal spacing. Mmod is the factor
𝑖𝑓 𝑛_(𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 )[email protected] that is used to calculate critical
moment due to uniform load.
𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒)┤

odified Lateral Moment Due to Wind :

𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔)= 〖𝑆𝑆𝐺〗 _𝑝𝑐𝑡 〖 𝑀〗 _(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑀_𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)
(𝐿_1/(𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠−1))^2
134.34 ft 2
= (53.81%)(335 kip-ft) + (0.106)(0.155 ksf)
7
= 186.46 kip-ft = 2238 kip-in

Concrete Stresses in Girder :

𝑓_(𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) )+
(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3−) 𝑀_(𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑡) − 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑡)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 21,430 kip-in - 545 kip-in 2,238 kip-in
= 1,252 kips - + -
767.0 in² 15,421 in³ 15,421 in³ 1,792 in³
= -0.591 ksi

𝑓_(𝑏.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔)= 𝑃_(𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) (1/𝐴_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 +(𝑦_𝑏−𝑦_(𝑐𝑔𝑠.𝑚𝑖𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) )−

(𝑀_(𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3−) 𝑀_(𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3))/𝑆_(𝑥.𝑏) + 𝑀_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔)/𝑆_(𝑦.𝑏)
1 36.600 in - 7.910 in 21,430 kip-in - 545 kip-in 2,238 kip-in
= 1,252 kips + - +
767.0 in² 14,915 in³ 14,915 in³ 2,895 in³
= 3.413 ksi
Critical Allowable LRFD 5.9.4.2.1
Compressive Stresses 3.413 ksi 0.60 𝑓_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) = 0.60(7.000 ksi) = 4.20 ksi OK

Tensile Stresses -0.591 ksi 𝑓_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) = -0.635 ksi OK

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Overturning Moment to be Resisted by Bracing (service), if needed:

Girder Deflection to Center of Mass:

𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 〖𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡〗 _(𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 ) 𝛿_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑒𝑥𝑡.𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙)

ewind.seat3 = 0.642(3.165 in) = 2.033 in

Total Eccentricity with Wind:

𝑒_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= 𝑒_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑒_(𝑖.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑒_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)

etotal.seat3 = 2.033 in + 1.734 in + 0.500 in = 4.267 in

Effective Resistance of Bracing, Fmod :

𝐹_𝑚𝑜𝑑= {█(0.50 𝑖𝑓 𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 Assumes girder has bracng at

[email protected] 𝑖𝑓 𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 Fmod = 1.15 equal spacing. Fmod is the factor
[email protected] 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒)┤ that is used to calculate critical
reaction due to uniform load.

Overturning Moment to be resisted by bracing (Service), if needed:

𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3.𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔)= (𝐹_𝑚𝑜𝑑 [𝑊_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ((1 𝑓𝑡)/(12 𝑖𝑛))[ 𝑧_(0.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝜃_(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+ 𝑦_(𝑟.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)

𝜃_(𝑒𝑞.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)+𝑒_(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ]+𝑀_(𝑜𝑡.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) ] )/(𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 −1)

1.150[(112.3 kip)((19.798 in)(0.02676 rad) + (40.160 in)(0.02676 rad) + 4.267 in )/(12in/ft) + 69.5 kip-ft]
=
8-1
= 20.4 kip-ft for each brace

Horizontal Bracing Force (Service ):

𝐹_(𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)= (𝐹_𝑚𝑜𝑑
𝑤_(𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3 ) 𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 )/(𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
−1)
1.15(0.155 klf)(136.00 ft)
=
8-1
= 3.46 kip for each brace

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Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

GSBTW AASHTO Guide Specifications for Bridge Temporary Works, 2nd Edition

CHECK STABILITY OF EXTERIOR GIRDER - ACTIVE CONSTRUCTION

Weight and Torque Calculations

Torque is positive with overturning towards cantilever

Unit Weight and Torque of Concrete Deck Between Girder Flange Tips:
𝑤_𝐷𝐶1.0=((𝑠_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑒𝑥𝑡) − 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒)/2)
𝑡_𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑤_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐.𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘) " "
7.00 ft - 42.00 in / (12 in/ft)
= [(8.00 in) / (12 in/ft)] (0.150 kcf)
2
= 0.175 klf

𝑡_𝐷𝐶1.0=𝑤_𝐷𝐶1.0
(( −𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒)/2)" "
- 42.00 in / (12 in/ft)
= (0.175 klf)
2
= -0.306 kip-ft/ft

Unit Weight and Torque of Concrete Deck - Over Girder:

𝑤_𝐷𝐶1.1= 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 ( 𝑡_𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘+ 𝑡_𝑏𝑢𝑝 )

𝑤_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐.𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘) " "
= [42.00 in / (12 in/ft)][(8.00 in + 1.00 in) / (12 in/ft)](0.150 kcf)

= 0.394 klf

𝑡_𝐷𝐶1.1 0.000 kip-ft/ft

=

Unit Weight and Torque of Concrete Deck - Cantilever:

𝑤_𝐷𝐶1.2=(𝑠_𝑜ℎ − 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒/2) 𝑡_(𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘.𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡)
𝑤_(𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐.𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑘) " "

42.00 in / (12 in/ft)

= 3.75 ft - [9.00 in / (12 in/ft)] (0.150 kcf )
2
= 0.200 klf
𝑡_𝐷𝐶1.2=𝑤_𝐷𝐶1.2
(( 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒)/4+𝑠_𝑜ℎ/2 )" "
42.00 in / (12 in/ft) 3.75 ft
= (0.200 klf) +
4 2
= 0.550 kip-ft/ft

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Unit Weight and Torque of Stay-in-Place Forms:

𝑤_𝐷𝐶2.0=((𝑠_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 −
𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒)/2) 𝑤_𝑠𝑖𝑝 " "
7.00 ft - 42.00 in / (12 in/ft)
= (0.020 ksf)
2
= 0.035 klf

𝑡_𝐷𝐶2.0=𝑤_𝐷𝐶2.0
(( −𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒)/2)" "
- 42.00 in / (12 in/ft)
= (0.035 klf)
2
= -0.061 kip-ft/ft

No Forms over Girders:

𝑤_𝐷𝐶2.1 0.000 klf

=
𝑡_𝐷𝐶2.1 0.000 klf/ft
=
Weight of Forms - Cantilever:
𝑤_𝐷𝐶2.2=(𝑠_𝑜ℎ+ 𝑠_𝑒𝑥𝑡 − 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒/2)
𝑤_(𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚.𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡) " "

42.00 in / (12 in/ft)

= 3.750 ft + 2.000 ft - (0.020 ksf)
2
= 0.080 klf

𝑡_𝐷𝐶2.2=𝑤_𝐷𝐶2.2 (( 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒)/4+𝑠_𝑜ℎ/2+
𝑠_𝑒𝑥𝑡/2 )" "

42.00 in / (12 in/ft) 3.750 ft 2.000 ft

= (0.080 klf) + +
4 2 2
= 0.300 kip-ft/ft

Pattern Live Load over Cantilever

Unit Live Load Weight and Torque on Concrete Deck - Between Girders
(Assumed to Be Zero for Maximum Overturning):

𝑤_𝐶𝐿𝐿1.0 0.000 kips applied at tip of Girder Flange

=
= 0.000 kip-ft/ft

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Unit Live Load Weight and Torque on Concrete Deck - Over Half Girder:

𝑤_𝐶𝐿𝐿1.1=(𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒/2)
𝑤_𝐶𝐿𝐿1 " "

42.00 in / (12 in/ft)

= (0.020 psf)
2
= 0.035 klf applied at centerline of girder

𝑡_𝐶𝐿𝐿1.1=𝑤_𝐶𝐿𝐿1.1
(( 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒)/4)" "
42.00 in / (12 in/ft)
= (0.035 klf)
4
= 0.031 kip-ft/ft

Live Load on Concrete Deck - Cantilever:

𝑤_𝐶𝐿𝐿1.2=(𝑠_𝑜ℎ −
𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒/2) 𝑤_𝐶𝐿𝐿1 " "

42.00 in / (12 in/ft)

= 3.750 ft - (0.020 ksf)
2
= 0.040 klf applied at CG of deck beyond tip of girder flange
𝑡_𝐶𝐿𝐿1.2=𝑤_𝐶𝐿𝐿1.2
(( 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒)/4+𝑠_𝑜ℎ/2 )" "

42.00 in / (12 in/ft) 3.75 ft

= (0.040 klf) +
4 2
= 0.110 kip-ft/ft

Other Live Loads

Concentrated Torque due to Screed Machine Live Loads

𝑇_𝐶𝐿𝐿2= 𝑃_𝐶𝐿𝐿2 ( 𝑠_𝑜ℎ+

𝑠_𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 =)
(5.00 kips)(3.750 ft + 0.500 ft )
= 19.0 kip-ft

Live Load on Walkway

𝑃_𝐶𝐿𝐿3= 𝑊_𝐶𝐿𝐿3
𝐿_𝐶𝐿𝐿3
= (0.075 plf)(20.000 ft)
= 1.500 kip

𝑇_𝐶𝐿𝐿3=(𝑠_𝑜ℎ+ 𝑠_𝑒𝑥𝑡/2) 𝑃_𝐶𝐿𝐿3 " "

2.000 ft
= 3.750 ft + (1.500 kip)
2

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= 7.1 kip-ft applied at CG of deck outside tip of girder flange

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Service Loads

Total Overturning on Girder from Uniform Torques

𝑡_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙= ∑_(𝑛=0)^2▒ 〖 ( 𝑡_(𝐷𝐶1 𝑛)+
𝑡_(𝐷𝐶2 𝑛)+ 𝑡_(𝐶𝐿𝐿1 𝑛) ) 〗

= ( -0.306 kip-ft/ft + 0.000 kip-ft/ft + 0.550 kip-ft/ft ) + ( -0.061 kip-ft/ft + 0.000 kip-ft/ft + 0.300 kip-ft/ft ) + …
+ ( 0.000 kip-ft/ft + 0.031 kip-ft/ft + 0.110 kip-ft/ft )
= 0.623 kip-ft/ft

Number of Braces, nbraces = 8

Effective Resistance of Bracing, Fmod = 1.150 from Inactive Construction tab

Required Moment Resistance of Brace (Service)

𝑀_(𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒.𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡)=((𝑡_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟)/( 〖 (𝑛 〗 _𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠−1) 𝐹_𝑚𝑜𝑑 )) + 𝑇_𝐶𝐿𝐿2+
𝑇_𝐶𝐿𝐿3 " "
(0.623 kip-ft/ft)(136.000 ft)
= + 19.0 kip-ft + 7.1 kip-ft
( 8 - 1 )(1.150)
= 35.3 kip-ft per brace

Check Rotation of Girder

Unbraced Girder Length Between Braces:

𝐿_𝑏= (𝐿_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟
−2𝑎_𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3)/(𝑛_𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠 −1)

136.000 ft - 2(0.830 ft)

=
8-1
= 19.191 ft

Rotation of Girder due to Torsion:

𝜃_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡=(0.5 𝑀_(𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒.𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡)
𝐿_𝑏)/(0.41667 𝐸_(𝑐.𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡3) 𝐽_𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 ) "
"
0.5(35.29 kip-ft)(19.191 ft)(12 in/ft)²
=
(0.41667)(5,132 ksi)(35,350 in)⁴
= 0.00065 rad

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Deflection of Screed Rail due to Girder Rotation – Assuming Negligible Formwork Deflection

∆_𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑= 𝜃_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 ( 𝑠_𝑜ℎ+

𝑠_𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 )
= (0.00065 rad)(3.75 ft + 0.50 ft)(12 in/ft)
= 0.033 in

Reduction in Concrete Cover due to Girder Rotation:

〖𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟〗 _𝑟𝑒𝑑=((𝑠_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑒𝑥𝑡) − 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒/2)/(𝑠_(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟.𝑒𝑥𝑡)+ 𝑠_𝑜ℎ+
𝑠_𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 )) ∆_𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 + 𝑏_𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒/2 𝜃_𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡 " "

42.00 in / (12in/ft)
= 7.00 ft -
2 (0.033 in) + 42.00 in (0.00065 rad)
7.00 ft + 3.75 ft + 0.50 ft 2

= 0.030 in

Check Cover Reduction :

Critical Allowable Criteria

Cover Reduction 0.030 in < 0.250 in Bracing Adequate

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Transverse Bearing Rotational Stiffness Date: .

Design References

LRFD AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 8th Edition

NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Report 596 - Rotation
Limits for Elastomeric Bearings, Appendix F.

TRANSVERSE BEARING ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS FOR BEARINGS SET NORMAL TO THE

CENTERLINE OF GIRDER

Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bearing Pad Information

Plan Dimension of Bearing Pad Perpendicular to the

Axis of Rotation (Parallel to Longitudinal Axis
of the Bridge), Lbrg: 12.000 in
Plan Dimension of Bearing Pad Parallel to the
Axis of Rotation (Parallel to Transverse Axis
of the Bridge), Wbrg: 20.000 in
Number of Elastomer Layers, nri: 6 LRFD 14.7.5.3.3
Thickness of Elastomer Layers, hri: 0.500 in
Total Thickness of Rubber, hrubber: 3.000 in
Total Bearing Height, hbrg: 3.844 in
Elastomer Shear Modulus, Gbp: 0.128 ksi LRFD 14.7.5.2
Elastomer Bulk Modulus, Kbp: 450.000 ksi LRFD C14.7.5.3.3
Elastomer Creep Coefficient, acr: 0.350 LRFD Table 14.7.6.2-1

Bearing Shape Factor, Sbrg: LRFD Eq. 14.7.5.1-1

𝑆_𝑏𝑟𝑔= (𝑊_𝑏𝑟𝑔 𝐿_(𝑏𝑟𝑔 ))/(2

ℎ_𝑟𝑖 (𝑊_𝑏𝑟𝑔+ 𝐿_(𝑏𝑟𝑔 )))

(20.000 in)(12.00 in)

=
2(0.50 in)(20.000 in + 12.00 in)
= 7.500

Bearing set normal to CL girder

Bearing Moment of Inertia about global Z axis, Ibrg.z:

𝐼_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑧)= ( 𝐿_(𝑏𝑟𝑔 )
〖𝑊 _𝑏𝑟𝑔 〗 ^3)/12

(12.000 in)(20.00 in )³
=
12
= 8000 in4

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Transverse Bearing Rotational Stiffness Date: .

Compressibility Index, lbrg: LRFD Eq. C.14.7.5.3.3-6

𝜆_𝑏𝑟𝑔= 𝑆_𝑏𝑟𝑔 √(3

𝐺_𝑏𝑝/𝐾_𝑏𝑝 )

3(0.128 ksi)
= 7.500 in
450.00 ksi
= 0.219

Dimensionless Constants from NHCRP 596 App. 5, Appendix F, Article F.1.1.2

A = 1.000
𝐵_(𝜃.𝑧.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠)=
r (0.24−0.024 𝜆_𝑏𝑟𝑔 )+(1.15 −0.89 𝜆_𝑏𝑟𝑔 )(1 −
𝑒^(−0.64 𝑊_𝑏𝑟𝑔/𝐿_𝑏𝑟𝑔 )) NCHRP 596 App. F Eq F-20
-0.64(20.000 in) / 12.000 in
= ( 0.24 - 0.024(0.219)) + ( 1.15 - (0.89)0.219 ) 1 - e
= 0.861

Transverse Rotational Bearing Stiffness:

𝐾_(𝜃.𝑧)=2 ( 3 𝐺_(𝑏𝑝 ) 𝐼_(𝑏𝑟𝑔.𝑧))/(𝑛_(𝑟𝑖 ) ℎ_(𝑟𝑖 ) (1+𝑎_𝑐𝑟)) from NCHRP 596 App. F Eq F-18, modified for
(𝐴_𝑟+ 𝐵_(𝜃.𝑧.𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) 〖𝑆 _𝑏𝑟𝑔 〗 ^2 ) number of bearings (2), effects of creep and
number of equivalent interior elastomer layers

3(0.128 ksi)(8,000 in)⁴

= 2 [ 1.000 + (0.861)( 7.500 in )² ]
6(0.500 in)( 1 + 0.350 )

= 74725 kip-in/rad

Note: Kϴ.z calculated above is the same stiffness identified as Kϴ elsewhere in the workbook.

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