TRANSPORT LAYER
• To provide reliable, cost effective data transfer from
source to destination
• This layer deals with end to end transfer of data
• Here transport entity deals with other host’s transport
entity.
• Transport layers deals with processes running on the host.
Elements of Transport
Protocol
• Addressing
• Connection Establishment
• Connection Release
• Flow Control and Buffering
• Multiplexing
• Crash Recovery
Process Process
Subnet
HOST1 HOST2
Router
END TO END TRANSMISSION OF PACKET FROM SOURCE TO DESTINATION
Addressing
• Application Process is connected to the TSAP
• Entity connects to the NSAP.
• There are multiple processes running within the host.
HOST 1 HOST 2
APPLICATION PROCESS Application Layer
TSAP 1208 TSAP 1582
Transport Layer TSAP 1969
NSAP NSAP
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
To access a specific service , we have to mention a specific Port Address.
SAP - Service Access Point
TSAP- Transport SAP
NSAP - Network SAP
Connection Establishment
HOST 1 HOST 2
USER
TSAP S1 S2
TRANSPORT
LAYER
HOST 1 HOST 2
TIME-OF DAY
USER process server SERVER
TSAP
TRANSPORT
LAYER
HOST 1 HOST 2
TIME-OF DAY
USER name server SERVER
TSAP
TRANSPORT
LAYER
Connection is being established by 3 way handshake
Connection Request
Acknowledgment
Data
HOST 1 HOST 2
Connection Request
Acknowledgment
Data
HOST 1 HOST 2
CONNECTION
RELEASE
• Disconnection connection between two users.
• Asymmetric Release
• Symmetric Release
ASYMMETRIC RELEASE
Connection Request
Acknowledgment
Data
DROP
HOST 1 HOST 2
SYMMETRIC RELEASE
SEND DATA REQ DROP REQUEST
+
START TIMER SEND DATA REQ
+
DROP START TIMER
RELEASE REQUEST
SEND RELEASE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
HOST 1 HOST 2
SYMMETRIC RELEASE
SEND DATA REQ DROP REQUEST
+
START TIMER SEND DATA REQ
+
DROP START TIMER
RELEASE REQUEST
SEND ACK TIMER
TIMOUT
RELEASE
HOST 1 HOST 2
SYMMETRIC RELEASE
SEND DATA REQ DROP REQUEST
+
START TIMER SEND DATA REQ
+
DROP START TIMER
REQUEST
TIMER
TIMOUT
DROP
TIMER
REQUEST
TIMOUT
RELEASE
RELEASE
HOST 1 HOST 2
FLOW CONTROL
• To control buffer, Transport Layer manages buffer.
FIXED
LENGTH
BUFFER
UNUSED SPACE
VARIABLE
IS WASTED
LENGTH
BUFFER
CIRCULAR
BUFFER
MULTIPLEXING
• UPWARD
• DOWNWARD
UPWARD MULTIPLEXING DOWNWARD MULTIPLEXING
APPLICATION
LAYER
TRANSPORT
LAYER
NETWORK
LAYER
CRASH RECOVERY
STRATEGY USED BY SENDING HOST
• Always Retransmit
• First Acknowledgment then write
• Retransmit in S0(Sent 2 messages, Ack of both received).
No outstanding Packet is present
• retransmit in S1(Sent 2 messages, Ack of only 1
received). Here Outstanding Packet is present
