Sunbeam College for Women
Assignment
BCA-1 Sem
Programming Principle & Algorithms
UNIT-II
Q.1 What is operator? Describe the type
of operator.
Ans -
Operators in C++
Operators are special type of functions,
that takes one or more arguments and
produces a new value. For example :
addition (+), substraction (-),
multiplication (*) etc, are all operators.
Operators are used to perform various
operations on variables and constants
operators in C++
Types of Operator
1. Assignment Operator
2. Mathematical Operators
3.Relational Operators
4. Logical Operators
5.Bitwise Operators
6. Sift Operators
7. Unary Operators
8. Ternary Operators
9. Comma Operators
Assignment Operator (=)
Operates '=' is used for assignment, it
takes the right-hand side (called rvalue)
and copy it into the left-hand side (called
lvalue). Assignment operator is the only
operator which can be overloaded but
cannot be inherited.
Mathematical Operators
There are operators used to perform basic
mathematical operations. Addition (+) ,
subtraction (-) , diversion (/) multiplication
(*) and modulus (%) are the basic
mathematical operators. Modulus
operator cannot be used with floating-
point numbers.
C++ and C also use a shorthand notation
to perform an operation and assignment
at same type. Example,
int x=10;
x += 4 // will add 4 to 10, and hence assign
14 to X.
x -= 5 // will subtract 5 from 10 and assign
5 to x.
Relational Operators
These operators establish a relationship
between operands. The relational
operators are : less than (<) , grater
thatn(>) , less than or equal to (<=),
greater than equal to (>=), equivalent (==)
and not equivalent (!=).
You must notice that assignment operator
is (=) and there is a relational operator, for
equivalent (==). These two are different
from each other, the assignment operator
assigns the value to any variable, whereas
equivalent operator is used to compare
values, like in if-else conditions, Example
int x = 10; //assignment operator
x=5; // again assignment operator
if(x == 5) // here we have used
equivalent relational operator, for
comparison
{
cout<<"Successfully compared";
}
Logical Operators
The logical operators are AND (&&) and
OR (||). They are used to combine two
different expressions together.
If two statement are connected using AND
operator, the validity of both statements
will be considered, but if they are
connected using OR operator, then either
one of them must be valid. These
operators are mostly used in loops
(especially while loop) and in Decision
making.
Bitwise Operators
There are used to change individual bits
into a number. They work with only
integral data types like char, int and long
and not with floating point values.
Bitwise AND operators &
Bitwise OR operator |
And bitwise XOR operator ^
And, bitwise NOT operator ~
They can be used as shorthand notation
too, &= , |= , ^= , ~= etc.
Shift Operators
Shift Operators are used to shift Bits of
any variable. It is of three types,
Left Shift Operator <<
Right Shift Operator >>
Unsigned Right Shift Operator >>>
Unary Operators
These are the operators which work on
only one operand. There are many unary
operators, but increment ++ and
decrement -- operators are most used.
Other Unary Operators : address of &,
dereference *, new and delete, bitwise
not ~, logical not !, unary minus - and
unary plus +.
Ternary Operator
The ternary if-else ? : is an operator which
has three operands.
int a = 10;
a >5 ?cout<< "true" : cout<< "false"
Comma Operator
This is used to separate variable names
and to separate expressions. In case of
expressions, the value of last expression is
produced and used.
Example :
int a,b,c; // variables declaration using
comma operator
a=b++, c++; // a = c++ will be done.
Q.2 Explain the difference between
=and== operator explain with example?
Ans. = operator
The “=” is an assignment operator is used
to assign the value on the right to the
variable on the left.
For example:
a = 10;
b = 20;
ch = 'y';
Example:
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// C program to demonstrate
// working of Assignment operators
#include <stdio.h>
ly read and store Study and will leave the part
after space. But gets() function will read it
completely.
