UNIT 1: KINDOMS

All living things carry out the three life PHOTOSYNTHESIS:photosynthesis = OXYGEN + WATER + SUNLIGH + CARBON
DIOXIDE = FOOF + NUTRIENTES

Non-living things don´t eat, breathe, grow and reproduce. : Teddy, ball, doll, cloud, guitar, computer, rocks, book

Vertebrate: human, turtle, hamster, snake, frog, mouse, fish, whale, parrot, crocodile, lizards, tiger, cow, pig, sheep,
bear, dolphin, duck, eagle (águila), squirrel (ardilla), hen (gallina).

Invertebrate: butterfly, ant, starfish, octopus, spider, ladybug, cockroach, jellyfish, sponges, earthworm, wasp

Dangerous: Crocodile, snake, shark, Scorpion, Spiders,  Wolf

KINGDOM Types NUTRITION Can interact with the

environment by moving
around.
Animal Vertebrates and They eat other living things. They can´t move around
invertebrates
Plant Trees, bushes and They make their own food. They can move around.
grasses.
The Fungi MUSHROOMS, MOULD They don´t make their own They can´t move around.
and YEAST. food.

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THE ANIMAL, PLANT AND FUNGI KINDOMS

THE PLANT KINGDOM

1. They can´t move around.
2. They make their own food.
3. TYPES OF PLANTS: GRASSES + BUSHES + TREES

THE ANIMAL KINDOM

1. They can move around
2. They eat other living things
3. TYPES OF ANIMALS: VERTEBRATES + INVERTEBRATES

THE FUNGI KINDOM

1. Fungi can´t move around.
2. They don´t make their own food.
3. Fungi eat the remains of livings things or grow and feed on things that are still living.
4. TYPES OF ANIMALS: MUSHROOMS, MOULD and YEAST.
5. Tree living fungus

MUSHROOMS MOULD

YEAST

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CELLS
1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. The biggest is the size of the full stop at he end of this sentence.
3. The smallest are so small you can only see them with a microscope.
4. Different cells have different functions. Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body.
5. Most living things are made up of may types of different cells but some, such us bacteria, have just one
cell.

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THE ANIMAL KINGDOM:INVERTEBRATES
1) MOLLUSCUS
1) They have a soft muscular body, often protected by a hard shell.
2) LIVE
 Snails live on land.

 Mussels and octopuses live in the sea.

2) JELLYFISH
1) They live in the sea.
2) They have a soft body called the umbrella and often have long tentacles.

3) There´s a hole under their umbrella that is both mouth and anus.

3) SPONGES
1) They lived in the sea. Example: Sponges
2) They have soft bodies covered with little holes.
3) They stay on the seabed and take in oxygen and food through
the holes.

Holes
4) ECHINODERMS
1) They live in the sea. Examples: Starfish and sea urchin.
2) They are protected from predators by hard skin or spikers and are often
brightly coloured.
3) They usually have five arms but can have up to 40!.

5) ANNELIDS
1) Some of them live in the sea. Example: Earthworm (helps to get air and nutrients into the soil)
2) They have a long, soft body divided into segments.

6) ARTHROPODS
1) Almost all animals on Earth are arthropods. The biggest group is insects.
2) They live in water, on land, in the air and underground.
3) They have a head, thorax and abdomen, jointed legs and a protective exoskeleton.

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 INVERTEBRATES LIVE BODY Examples Characteristics
MOLLUCS Land and sea Soft muscular Mussels, Octopuses They have a shell
body, often to stop other
protected by a animals eating
hard shell. them.
JELLYFISH Sea Soft body Jellyfish They have
(umbrella + tentacles to
tentancles. There capture animals to
´s a hole under edad.
their umbrella
that is both
mouth and anus
SPONGES Sea - seabed Soft body Sponges They have a little
covered with holes to take in
little holes oxygen and food.
(oxygen and
food)
ECHINODERMS Sea Hard skin or Starfish They are brightly
spikers and often coloured to
brightly frighten away
coloured. predators.
ANNELIDS Sea Long soft body Earthworm.
divided into
segments
ARTHROPDS Water, land, air They have head, Insects.
and underground. thorax and
abdomen, jointed
legs and a
protective
exoskeleton.

THE ANIMAL KINDOM:VERTEBRATES

All vertebrate animals have a backbone, but how they

breathe, what they eat, and how they reproduce can

be different, even within a group.

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Respiration
All animals need oxygen to live.

Mammals, reptiles and birds get oxygen from the air. They breathe with lungs.

Fish use gills to get oxygen from the water.

Amphibians have gills when they are young and live in water and later develop lungs to live on land.

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Reproduction
Viviparous. All mammals are born directly from their mother.
 Mammals are also different to other animals because they produce milk to feed their babies
and look after them for a longer time.

Oviparous reproduce by laying eggs.

 HARD EGGS  chicken’s eggs
 SOFT EGGS frog and fish eggs.

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Nutrition
1) Herbivores are animals whose primary food source is plant.
2) Carnivores are animals that eat other animals. (VERTEBRATE: snakes and sharks,
INVERTEBRATE: sea stars, spiders, and ladybugs)
3) Omnivores are animals that eat both plant and animal.(VERTEBRATE: Bear, chickens,
INVERTEBRATE: cockroaches and crayfish ).

Most vertebrate animals are omnivores or carnivores. Some mammals and fish and a few birds are
herbivores but almost all reptiles and amphibians only eat other animals.

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VERTEBRATES
Respiration Reproduction Nutrition
 Mammals, reptiles and Viviparous. All 1) Herbivores are animals
birds breathe with lungs. mammals are born whose primary food source is
They get oxygen from the directly from their plant.
air. mother. 2) Carnivores are animals that
 Fish use gills. They get Viviparous. All eat other animals.
mammals are born (VERTEBRATE: snakes and
oxygen from the water.
 Amphibians have gills directly from their sharks, INVERTEBRATE:
(young and live in water ) mother. sea stars, spiders, and
and later develop lungs to ladybugs)
live on land. 3) Omnivores are animals that
eat both plant and animal.
(VERTEBRATE: Bear,
chickens, INVERTEBRATE:
cockroaches and crayfish ).

ANIMAL GROUP RESPIRATION REPRODUCTION NUTRITION

SHEEP Mammals LUNGS Viviparous Herbivores
CROCODILE Reptiles Lungs OVIPAROUS Carnivores
Frog AMPHIBIAN Gills/lungs Oviparous
Fish GILLS Oviparous Herbivores
Bear Mammals Lungs Viviparous OMNIVORE

Vertebrate animals Invertebrate animals Plants

snake (reptile) earthworm (annelid) Bushes
Crocodile (reptile) Jellyfish (jellyfish) Trees
Camel (mammals) Fly (insect) Grasses
Lizard Sponge (sponge)
Monkey Ant (insect)
Parrot (bird) Starfish
Jaguar Butterfly
Tiger (mammals) Spider
Eagle (bird) Scorpion
Pig (mammals) ladybird
Sheep (mammals) Octopus
Human (mammals) Bee (insect)
Bear (mammals) Snake
Dolphin (mammals)
Fish
Cow (mammals)
Whale (mammals)
Squirrel (mammals)
Hen (bird)
Duck (bird)

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The Plant Kingdom
Sexual reproduction
In sexual reproduction pollen goes from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of a different, or the same,
flower.

This is how most plants reproduce.

1) The pollen joins an ovule to make a seed. This is called fertilization. Pollen + ovule = seed

2) The pistil grows

around the seed
into a fruit.
3) The fruit falls to the
ground and the
seed grows into a
new plant.

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The Plant Kingdom
Asexual reproduction
In asexual reproduction there are no flowers or fertilisation.

 Bulds are underground stems. Buds grow from the stems and develop into new plants. Examples onion
 Runners are stems which grow along the ground. Examples: Grass, strawberries
 Tubers are swollen stems which grow under the ground. Example: potato

** Some plants, such as the strawberry, use sexual AND asexual

 Runners = corredoras
 Buds = brotes
 Tubers = Tuberculos
 Swollen = hinchada

 Every animal, including humans, needs oxygen to live. Plants give us oxygen.
 photosynthesis .Plants absorb nutrients and water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air during
the day and use these to make their own food.

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Plants and animals living together

 Living things of the same species which live in the same place are called a population.
For example, in a temperate forest you can find a snail population, a fox population, a squirrel
population, an oak tree population and a pine tree population.

 All the different populations that live in the same place are a community.

 The place they live is called a habitat. A habitat is defined by the amount of light and water, the
temperature and the type of soil.

 The combination of the habitat and its community of living things is called an ecosystem.
Examples: desert, tropical rainforest.

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