Chickpea Cultivation Guide: Varieties & Practices
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SailakshmiChickpea Cultivation Guide: Varieties & Practices
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SailakshmiMTCA
Lecture – 4
Chickpea / Bengal gram / Gram – Origin, geographic distribution, economic
importance, soil and climatic requirement, varieties, cultural practices and yield
Cicer arietinum Family:- Fabaceae
Origin
Southwest Asia - Afghanistan and/or Iran
Geographic distribution
Important Chickpea growing countries:- India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Ethiopia,
Turkey.
Important Chickpea cultivating states in India:- MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan,
UP, Karnataka, Bihar, Haryana, Punjab.
Area, Production and Productivity of Chickpea in India
Area (Million ha) Production (Million tons) Productivity (Kg ha-1)
9.63 9.38 974
Economic importance
INDIA - Important pulse crop - Constitutes 37% area and 50% production of
pulses.
It Contains 17 to 21% protein, 4.5% fat and 61.0% carbohydrate.
Predominantly consumed as dhal or for preparing variety of snacks, sweets and
condiments.
Fresh gram serves as vegetable and eaten raw.
Bhusa used as cattle feed
Husk and split beans are useful as livestock feed
An acidic liquid from glandular hairs of the plant are collected at night, which
contain 94% maleic acid and 6% oxalic acid has medicinal value and used in
preparation of Vinegar.
Classifications
Kabuli types
Large seeds (> 26g/100g seeds).
More or less rounded.
Pale cream colour.
Constitutes 15% production.
Desi types
Smaller seeds (17 to 26g/100 seeds).
Irregular shapes.
Various colours.
Constitutes 85% production.
AGR 203 | Crop Production Technology – II (Rabi crops) (1+1)
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MTCA
Soil
• Wide range of soils
• Medium to heavy black soils.
• Mixed red and black soils (or) Alluvial soils.
• Requires well drained loam or sandy loam.
Climate
• Grown from sea level to 1800 m.
• Optimum temperature is 24°C to 32°C.
• The pH range is between 5.5 to 8.6, Optimum pH range is 5.7 to 7.2.
• Sensitive to water logging, saline alkaline condition.
• Rainfall requirement is 600 to 900 mm per annum.
• Long day plant.
Season
Mid October to early November is the optimum time of sowing in India.
Varieties
Kabuli varieties
HC-3, K-5, C-104, L-550, L-144, Pusa-1003, Pusa-1053, Sadabahar.
Desi varieties
Radhey, G-24, BR-78, RS-11, Ujjain-24, Chaffa, Co-2, Co-3, Co-4, GJG 0809,
GNG 1958, CSJ 515, Avrodhi, Pusa-256, Pusa-362, Pusa-372, Haryana
Chana-1.
New varieties released in India (Year 2017):-
GJG 0809, GNG 2171, Indira Chana-1, Pant Gram-4, Pant Kabuli, Dheera.
Cultural practices
Land preparation
• Fine tilth condition.
• Form beds and channels.
Problem soil Areas
• Surface soil crusting problem - Apply lime @ 2 t ha-1 along with 12.5 t ha-1 FYM
(Or) Composted coir pith to get additional yield of 15 to 20%.
Seed Rate
• Kabuli type - 80 to 100 kg ha-1.
• Desi type - 60 to 75 kg ha-1.
Seed Treatment
• Chemical seed treatment - Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2 g kg -1 of seed then after
24 hours treat with 3 packets (600g) suitable strains of Rhizobium biofertilizer
with rice gruel 15 minutes before sowing.
AGR 203 | Crop Production Technology – II (Rabi crops) (1+1)
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MTCA
• Instead of chemical treat - Trichoderma viride @ 4 g kg-1 or Pseudomonas
fluorescence @ 10 g kg-1.
• Seeds soaked in 1% KH2PO4 for 4 hours and then shade dried before sowing.
Spacing
Kabuli type – 45 x 10 cm
Desi type – 30 x 10 cm
Depth of sowing
10 cm
Method of sowing
Pora method is better than broadcast.
Fertilizer
Apply fertilizers - Before sowing
• Rainfed:- 12.5 + 25 + 12.5 kg N + P2O5 + K2O
• Irrigated:- 25 + 50 + 25 kg N + P2O5 + K2O
Soil application of 25 kg ZnSo4 ha-1 under irrigated condition.
Weed Management
Pre-emergence:- Fluchloralin 1.5 litres ha-1 (or) Pendimethalin 2.0 litres ha-1
followed by one hand weeding at 30DAS.
If herbicides are not applied give two hand weeding on 15th and 30th DAS.
Water Management
Grown mostly as rainfed crop.
Flowering and pod filling stages are critical periods of irrigation.
Avoid water stagnation especially at all stages.
Cropping system
• In Tamil Nadu intercropping after paired row planting one or two rows of
coriander give higher net return.
Rotations
• Paddy - Chickpea
• Maize - Chickpea
• Groundnut - Chickpea
• Green gram -Chickpea
• Sesame - Chickpea
• Black gram - Chickpea
Intercropping
• Cotton + Chickpea
• Wheat + Chickpea
• Barley + Chickpea
• Sunflower + Chickpea.
AGR 203 | Crop Production Technology – II (Rabi crops) (1+1)
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MTCA
Harvesting
Harvesting the plants when all the pods are matured and stack and thresh the
pods and extract seeds.
Yield
• Average yield – 0.7 t ha-1.
• Desi variety yield – 1.5 to 2.0 t ha-1
• Kabuli varieties yield – 2.5 to 3.0 t ha-1.
• TN varieties yield – 1.0 t ha-1.
