Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.
Sci (2017) 6(8): 675-680
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 8 (2017) pp. 675-680
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Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.085
Dissipation Pattern of Bifenthrin on Dolichos Bean
S. Srinivasa Reddy*, C. Narendra Reddy, C. Srinivas,
A. Manohar Rao and S. Narendar Reddy
College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, T.S., India
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted during kharif, 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of eight
Keywords insecticides viz., fipronil 5% SC, flubendamide 480% SC, chlorantraniliprole 20%
SC, bifenthrin 10% EC, profenophos 50% EC, lambda cyhalothrin 5% SC,
Insecticides,
Pests, Initial imidacloprid 17.8 % SL and beta cyfluthrin + imidacloprid 300 OD were studied
deposit, Efficacy by spraying thrice replicated thrice in randomized block design on field bean @
and dissipation. 500 g a.i ha-1, 60 g a.i ha-1, 30 g a.i ha-1, 812 g a.i ha-1, 400 g a.i ha-1, 15.63g a.i ha-1, 25
g a.i ha-1 and 30 g a.i ha-1, respectively. Against major insect pests of field bean,
Article Info
the dissipation pattern of bifenthrin 10% EC (25 g a.i.ha-1) was studied by
Accepted: collecting samples at regular intervals i.e. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15days after last
04 June 2017 spray and analyzed. The initial deposits of 2.62 mg kg-1 profenophos recorded at 2
Available Online:
10 August 2017 hours after last spray dissipated to 1.74, 0.74 and0.22 mg kg-1 at 1, 3 and 5 days,
after last spray respectively and below determination level (BDL) by 7th day.
Introduction
Pulse crops belong to the family Leguminosae pods, leaves and seeds and as cattle feed. The
and subfamilies Papilionoideae, fresh and dried seeds constitute major
Caesalpinoideae and Mimosoideae. They vegetarian source of proteins in the human
were narrated as the jewels of Indian diet of Indians.
agriculture, in view of their unique capacity to
fill the dietary requirements of protein to The field bean fresh pods are acceptable and
thirsty population of rural India, besides their liked by all, especially during winter season
sustainable character through replenishing under South Indian conditions and it is rich in
soil fertility. nutritive value as it is a rich source of
carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, such as
The average protein content varies from 18 to vitamin A, vitamin C, fat and fiber. The
26 per cent. Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet. protein content of field bean is quite high
Popularly known as field bean, hyacinth bean, varying from 20.0 to 28.0 per cent
dolichos bean, country bean, butter bean, and (Schaaffhausen, 1963). However, some of
Indian bean which is an important pulse cum these insecticides leave residues on pods and
vegetable crop in India and is cultivated these residues may persist up to harvest.
extensively in recent past for its fresh tender Presence of pesticide residues in the harvested
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(8): 675-680
beans was posing problem at the time of 84.78, 84.36 and 92.52 per cent, respectively
export and in recent times importing countries (Table 2). The results shown that the method
have rejected few consignments. Pesticide use was suitable for the analysis of bifenthrin
has increased rapidly over the last two residues up to 0.05 mg kg-1, and the limit of
decades at the rate of 12 per cent per year. quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 mg kg-1.
The extensive and irrational use of pesticides Hence, the method described above is suitable
resulted in the presence of residues of for the analysis of samples collected from the
insecticides on beans is likely to be associated field sprayed with bifenthrin residues to study
with severe effects on human health. Hence, the residue dynamics/dissipation pattern.
great significance has to be given to estimate Samples of beans were collected from
pesticide residues in beans. profenophos @ 400 g a.i./ha sprayed plots at
regular intervals i.e. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15
Materials and Methods days after last spray, and analysed for
residues following the validated methods.
The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Residues (mg kg-1) were calculated using the
Block Design (RBD) with 9 treatments formula given below.
including untreated control replicated thrice
with individual plot size of 20 m2 (5mx4 m) Sample peak area X conc of std (ppm) X
and the insecticides viz., fipronil 5% SC, µl std. injected X Final volume of the
flubendamide 480% SC, chlorantraniliprole Sample (2 ml)
20% SC, bifenthrin 10% EC, profenophos Residues
50% EC, lambda cyhalothrin 5% SC, (mg kg-1) = ------------------- X recovery factor
imidacloprid 17.8 % SL and beta cyfluthrin + Standard Peak area X weight of sample
imidacloprid 300 OD were studied by Analysed (2 g) X µl of sample injected
spraying thrice replicated thrice in
randomized block design on field bean @ 500 The following parameters were calculated to
g a.i ha-1, 60 g a.i ha-1, 30 g a.i ha-1, 812 g a.i know the dissipation pattern of the
ha-1, 400 g a.i ha-1, 15.63g a.i ha-1, 25 g a.i ha-1 insecticides on cabbage.
and 30 g a.i ha-1, respectively on field bean
first at50% flowering and the second and third Dissipation percentage
spray ten days later to evaluate the efficacy
against major insect pests and the dissipation Initial deposit - Residues at given time
studies were conducted for the same by Per cent dissipation = -------------------- X 100
collecting samples at regular intervals i.e. 0, Initial deposit
1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after last spray in
polythene bags and brought to the laboratory Waiting period
immediately for further sample processing in
the laboratory as detailed here under. Waiting period (Ttol) is defined as the
minimum number of days to
Fortification and recovery results of lapse before the insecticide reaches the
bifenthrin on beans tolerance limit. The waiting periods were
calculated by the following formula.
Field bean samples fortified with bifenthrin at [a - Log tol]
0.05 mg kg-1, 0.25 mg kg-1 and 0.50 mg kg-1 Ttol = -----------------------
were analyzed under GC-ECD and the mean b
recovery of the residues using the method was Where,
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(8): 675-680
residues recorded at 1, 3 and 5th day after
Ttol = Minimum time (in days) required for the third spraying were found to be 1.74, 0.74
pesticideresi due to reach below the tolerance and0.22 mg kg-1, respectively and showing a
limit. dissipation per cent of 33.59, 71.76 and 91.60,
respectively.
a = Log of apparent initial deposits obtained
in the regression equation (Y = a + bX) The residues were below detectable level
(BDL) after 7 days showing 100 per cent
tol = Tolerance limit of the insecticide (MRL) dissipation. The regression equation was Y=
2.3841 + (-0.4685) X with R2 value of 0.9486.
b = Slope of the regression line
There were no MRLs suggested for
Results and Discussion bifenthrinin field bean by either Codex
Alimentarius Commission (CAC) or by Food
The field bean crop after attaining of 50 per Safety and Standards Authority of India
cent flowering with 10 days sequential
interval of three sprayings were sprayed with (FSSAI), hence the day at which the
bifenthrin 10% EC @ 812 g a.i ha-1and the bifenthrin residues reached below detectable
pod samples were collected at regular level (7th day) was considered as safe waiting
intervals of zero (2 hours after spray), 1, 3, 5, period.
7, 10 and 15 days after third spray on field
bean. The samples were processed and Since sufficient literature was not available on
estimated for residues of fipronil on Gas the dissipation pattern of bifenthrin on field
Chromotography (GC-ECD) (Table 1). The beans, the information available on other
dissipation pattern were presented in table 3 crops was also taken into account for
and depicted in figure 1. Initial deposit of discussion.
bifenthrin was recorded as 2.62 mg kg-1. The
Table.1 Gas chromatograph parameters
Gas Chromatograph Gas Chromatography- AGILENT- 7890B
Column VF-5ms Capillary Column
30 m length, 0.25 mm Internal Diameter, 0.25 m
film thickness; 1% methyl siloxane
Column Oven (0C) Bifenthrin - Initial 2000C for 6 min - increase @
200C/min upto 2800C – hold for 10 min.
Detectors Electron Capture Detector (ECD)
0
Detector Temperature ( C) 300
Injector Temperature (0C) 280
Injector Status Split Ratio: 1:2
Carrier Gas Nitrogen, Iolar II, Purity 99.999%
-1
Carrier Gas Flow (ml min ) 2
Make-up Flow (ml min-1) 25
Retention time (min) Bifenthrin 11.94
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(8): 675-680
Table.2 Recovery bifenthrin residues in field bean
Details Recoveries of bifenthrin from fortified field bean samples
Fortified level
-1
0.05mg kg 0.25mg kg-1 0.50mg kg-1
Residues Residues Residues
recovered Recovery % recovered Recovery % recovered Recovery %
(mg kg-1) (mg kg-1) (mg kg-1)
R1 0.0427 85.46 0.211 84.68 0.471 94.17
R2 0.0420 84.09 0.210 84.03 0.454 90.85
R3 0.0427 85.43 0.210 84.27 0.470 94.13
Mean 84.78 84.36 92.52
SD 0.963 0.459 2.35
RSD 1.14 0.54 2.54
Table.3 Dissipation of bifenthrin 10% EC (812 g a.i. ha-1) in field bean after three sprays
Residues of bifenthrin (mg kg-1)
Daysafter last spray R1 R2 R3 Average Dissipation %
0 2.64 2.59 2.65 2.62 --
1 1.75 1.76 1.72 1.74 33.59
3 0.69 0.70 0.85 0.74 71.76
5 0.25 0.23 0.19 0.22 91.60
7 BDL BDL BDL BDL 100
10 BDL BDL BDL BDL 100
15 BDL BDL BDL BDL 100
Regression equation Y= 2.3841+ (-0.4685) X
R2 0.9486
MRL NA
Safe waiting period 7 days
BDL- Below Determination Level
NA- Not Available
Fig.1 Dissipation of bifenthrin in field bean after three sprays
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(8): 675-680
Extraction and Clean –Up
Beans (5kg) were homogenized with robot coupe blixer and homogenized
15±0.1g sample was taken in 50 ml centrifuge tube
Required quantity of standard (CRM) added to get desired fortification level
30±0.1 ml acetonitrile was added to the tube
The sample was homogenized at 14000-15000 rpm for 2-3 min
Using Heidolph silent crusher
3±0.1g sodium chloride was added to tube and mixed by shaking gently
Centrifuged for 3 min at 2500-3000 rpm to separate the organic layer
The top organic layer of about 16 ml was taken into the
50 ml centrifuge tube
9±0.1 g anhydrous sodium sulphate was added to remove the moisture content
8 ml of extract was taken in to 15 ml tube containing
0.4±0.01g PSA sorbent (for dispersive solid phase d-SPE cleanup) and
1.2±0.01 gr anhydrous magnesium sulphate
The sample tube was vertexed for 30 sec
Followed by centrifugation for 5 min at 2500-3000 rpm
The extract of about 2ml was transferred into test tubes and evaporated to
Dryness using turbovap with nitrogen gas and reconstituted with
1ml n-Hexane: Acetone (9:1) for GC analysis with ECD for profenophos analysis.
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(8): 675-680
The present investigation findings were differed determination level (BDL) by 10th day. Based
from the findings of Patyal et al., (2010) who on the dissipation pattern a safe waiting period
reported that persistence of bifenthrin at 60 g of 3 days was recommended for bifenthrin in
a.i.ha-1 and 120 g a.i.ha-1 on apple fruit and cabbage.
found the residues of bifenthrin initially in the
range of 0.669-1.062 mg kg-1 at 60 g a.i.ha-1 The variation of initial deposits in the present
dose and 1.348-1.784 mg kg-1 at 120 g a.i.ha-1 investigation may be due to variation in dosage
dose which dissipated to half in 4.85-5.22 and applied, climatic conditions and also matrix.
4.38-6.66 days, respectively and suggested safe Rama rao and Raja goud (2016) reported that
waiting period of 2.1 to 5.4 and 6.7 to 11.3 the dissipation pattern of initial deposit of
days. bifenthrin on tomato was 0.24 mg kg-1 which
dissipated to below detectable level (BDL) by
Katroju et al., (2014) reported that the 10th day after first spray in harvested tomato
dissipation pattern of bifenthrin 10 EC when fruits.
applied at the rate of 100 g a.i. ha-1 with two
sprays of insecticide 10 days interval starting The change in initial deposits in the present
from fruit initiation stage. The initial deposit of findings may be due to variation in climatic
bifenthrin was 0.85 mg kg-1 which dissipated to conditions and matrix (Khay et al., 2008).
0.39, 0.15 mg kg-1 by 1st and 3rd day after last
spray, respectively and to BDL by 5th day. References
Pre-harvest interval of 3 days was suggested for Khay, S., Choi, J.H and Abd El-Aty, M.A.
bifenthrin in tomato. The variation of initial 2008.Dissipation behavior of lufenuron,
deposits in the present investigation may be due benzoyl phenyl urea insecticides, in/on
to variation in climatic conditions, geographical Chinese cabbage applied by foliar
location, matrix and dosage applied (Khay et spraying under greenhouse conditions.
al., 2008). Reddy et al., (2012) reported the Bulletin of Environmental Contamination
dissipation pattern of bifenthrin 10 EC when and Toxicology. 81: 369-372.
sprayed @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 at head formation stage Reddy, A. A., Vemuri, S and Cherukuri, S.R.
of cabbage variety Varun followed first order 2014. Dissipation pattern of bifenthrin in
degradation kinetics. cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.
capitata). Indian Journal of Advances in
They observed that the initial deposit (1.03 mg Plant Research. 1 (3): 51-56.
kg-1) was dissipated below detectable level at 7 Reddy, C.N., Reddy, D.J and Rahman, S.M.A.
days after third spray. The waiting period 2012. Persistence of fipronil and
suggested for safe harvest of cabbage heads bifenthrin residues in cabbage.
after three sprays for bifenthrin was 5.16 days. International Journal of Bio-Resource
Reddy et al., (2014) reported the residue and Stress Management. 3 (1): 73- 74.
dynamics of bifenthrin 10 EC in cabbage when Schaaffhausen, R.V. 1963. Dolichos lablab or
applied at the rate of 100 g a.i.ha-1. The initial Hyacinth bean, its use for feed, food and
deposits of 2.24 mg kg-1bifenthrin recorded at 2 soil improvements. Economic Botany. 17:
hours after last spray while, below 146-153.
How to cite this article:
Srinivasa Reddy, S., C. Narendra Reddy, C. Srinivas, A. Manohar Rao and Narendar Reddy, S.
2017. Dissipation Pattern of Bifenthrin on Dolichos Bean. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 6(8): 675-
680. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.085
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