CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS FORMS OF TOURISM

Gheţe Ana Maria

Ph.D. student, University of Oradea – Faculty of Economic Sciences
e-mail: [Link]@[Link]

Abstract: In this article I have tried to highlight the many criteria according to which
tourism is classified and what are its main forms. Tourism is considered to be the
most developed industry at the European level with a strong economic impact and
the highest annual growth rate. Because of its scale and its various elements , but
also because of the value and originality of these elements, tourism is the main
motivation of all that is tourist traffic . A particular area or landmark is an interest to
travel as far as that can provide tourist activity. The tourism potential of an area can
be defined as all the elements that make up the sights with facilities to receive
tourists representative. The main types of tourism that will be detailed in this article
are: tourism, recreation and leisure, healthcare tourism, tourism or curative spa,
cultural tourism, educational, social, or complex-type shopping tourism. The criteria
according to which can be classified tourism are: distance, length of stay,
geographic origin of tourists, type of transport used, how to organize your stay, the
conduct of the stay, peculiarities destination, interaction travelers with the
destination, the price paid, tourist`s age, the number of tourists. Depending on the
area of origin, tourism and domestic tourism are classified in international tourism.
Such, international tourism is classified in inbound tourism and outbound tourism.
Any travel between these two forms is particular between which there is no definite
boundary but some interdependence that helps promote tourism activities.
Depending on the degree of mobility of tourists, tourism classified in tourism
accommodation and tourism traffic. Tourism residence has three forms, namely
long-stay tourism, tourism stay average stay lasting tourism and stay for a brief
stay. Seasonality is another factor that affects tourist flows. This tourism classified
into 3 types: winter tourism, summer and circumstance. Depending on the means
of transport used distinguish the following forms of tourism: hiking, tourism, rail,
road, sea and air. Tourism travel motivations of tourists divided in the following
forms: leisure tourism, leisure and recreation, spa treatments or cures, sports,
shopping, technical or scientific or religious. Specific forms of tourism based on the
socioeconomic characteristics of the application are: tourism, particularly social
tourism and business tourism or congresses. A particular form of social tourism is
tourism for youth which is addressed to students, students or young people, usually
with a educational purpose. Tourism forms are holidays for young people,
educational tourism, international camps, Work and Travel, volunteer camps, or
tourism practiced to learn some foreign language. Depending on the age tourists
have youth tourism, for the active and the elderly.

Keywords: tourism forms; classification; tourism; criteria; travel; tourism types;

youth tourism.

JEL code: L83, E00.

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[Link]
Tourism is considered to be a very important activity such as those taking place in
other sectors of the world economy , activities such as agriculture or industry, or
commerce . Because of its scale and its various elements , but also because of the
value and originality of these elements, tourism is the main motivation of all that is
tourist traffic . A particular area or landmark is an interest to travel as far as that
can provide tourist activity . The tourism potential of an area can be defined as all
the elements that make up the sights with facilities to receive tourists
representative .

[Link] aspects on tourism and its forms

In terms of etymology , the term " tourism " comes from the English "to tour" which
signifies the trip . Professor W. Hunziger defines tourism " through all relationships
and phenomena resulting from the movement of people and stays away from home
, as long as the stay and movement do not have a permanent establishment or a
gainful activity . "
The most important elements delineating tourist activity are:
· Move people in the journey performed ;
· The stay must be in a place of permanent residence outside the person
that perform movement ;
· The stay should have a limited time ;
· The stay can not be turned into a permanent residence .
[Link], English teacher in 1933 , defines tourists as all those persons who
satisfy at least two conditions, namely that they are away from home for periods
not exceeding one year and spend money in places without them there would have
won . Just consider and his compatriot ,[Link] in 1936 , who believes that
tourists are people who enter a foreign country with any purpose other than to
settle temporarily having earned money elsewhere. [Link] Debord
considers tourism as the art of travel for leisure.

2.1 Types of tourism

Currently , it is noted the existence of several types of tourism :

· Recreation and leisure tourism , which is specific to tourists who come

from different social backgrounds . The urban population is one that is
drawn to nature. It is practiced by tourists from all vast , especially for the
adults and the young . Length of stay is usually brief , such as weekends .
The purpose of the trip is to change the landscape .
· Tourism for health care , that the health tourism or curative . It is believed
to be the oldest form of tourism. It is practiced predominantly in older
people . It is practiced throughout the year. Length of stay varies and can
be medium or long.
· Cultural tourism is for people who prefer to visit some tourist attractions
belonging cultural heritage. It addresses several categories of people, such

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 as young people, students and intellectuals. Length of stay is short or
medium. Tourists who are amateurs usually prefer big cities have ancient
architecture of buildings, a lot of museums, and various tourist attractions.
Most popular cities they frequent such tourists are: Venice, Athens, Rome,
Tokyo, Beijing, New York, Paris, London.
· Tourism education is the educational tourism activities. Targets young
people.
· Social tourism is one that reflects social stratification.
· Tourism type association complex comprises a territory of several types of
tourism. It has an extremely broad and diverse. Gourmet specifics of a
region is the major element of the attractiveness of a tourist area. There
exhibitions or festivals celebrating wine, beer or other drinks, or various
types culinary. France, Spain, Italy are a tourist attraction thanks
independent wine production.
· Tourism for shopping. Practiced in cities that have shopping centers, small
shops famous for certain products.
The criteria according to which can be classified tourism are: distance, length of
stay, area of origin of tourists, type of transport used, how to organize your stay,
the conduct of the stay, peculiarities destination, interaction travelers with the
destination, the price paid, age tourists, the number of tourists.

Depending on geographic origin, there can be next types of tourism:

• Internal tourism is tourism that includes national or tourists who decide to

travel within their country of domicile, having different purposes. Of the
travelers, this category belongs the majority, over 80% in countries such as
France, the US or the UK. It is the most practiced form of tourism because
of the advantages they have, such as the influence of cost, knowledge of
languages, leisure. Also, this type of tourism function as tourist resorts.
• International tourism is the kind of tourism that includes those tourists who
decide to travel to another country to that in which they reside. They cross
national borders, they are forced to speak a language other than their
mother tongue and uses against other currencies. To be attracted as many
international tourists there must be some tourism very attractive very good
infrastructure and services should have the highest quality. Creatives must
be as balanced as they form attractive tourist image of that country . This
type of income is an important source of income, so that for many
countries the number of international tourists is more important than the
domestic tourists . In countries with vast territories , with considerable
distances , and a variety of resources, sights and attractions , tourists
internal number is greater than the number of international tourists .
Examples of such countries as France, England, The Netherlands, USA.
From 1 January 1993 journeys that take place between European Union
states are considered to be internal.
Any travel between these two forms is particular between which there is no definite
boundary but some interdependence that helps promote tourism activities. For
example, international tourism may be sub-classified in the following way:

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 • Tourism recorded a receiver that foreign nationals who arrived in a country,
but residing in another country, the issuer.
• Tourism departures a transmitter that citizens of a country abroad.

Depending on the degree of mobility of tourists, tourism can be classified in the

following forms:
• Tourist stay and
• Tourist movement.

Stay tourism can be classified in several forms. It can be classified by the use of
time that is available for travel:

• Tourist stay long in duration of stay of tourists exceeding one month. In this
category of tourists can be included for example pensioners who are
certain cures or medical treatments in some resorts that usually requires a
longer period of time, between 30 and 60 days or more, or another
category of people as those who have a higher level of income that it gives
the opportunity to stay for a longer period of time in one place, without
having to exercise an activity remunerated. Partly in this category may also
include youth tourism, which can be practiced during the summer holidays,
holidays that exceed one month. Young people usually prefer cheaper
accommodation capacities, animated areas with diverse opportunities for
entertainment and relaxation.
• Tourism residence duration of stay average. This category includes
persons staying in a tourist area some time shorter than 30 days. This
usually coincides with the maximum duration of paid leave. It is practiced
by all categories of the population, regardless of income that they have.
• Tourism stay with a short duration of stay. This category includes persons
visiting for a short time such as a week day.

Seasonality is another factor that can influence tourist flows. Depending on this
factor, we can distinguish:
• Winter tourism which is divided into two distinct categories, namely by
influencing the movement of reason: tourism areas with snow and specific
sports and tourism sought the sun in winter.
• Summer tourism which are teach usually in the warmer months of the year,
being related to water, sea, sun. Tourist flows are massive and have a
mass character.
• tourism is tourism circumstance or occasionally generated some traditional
events that have a specific periodic or occasional basis. These events are
the hunting seasons, fishing or other sports.

Depending on the means of transport used by tourist there are the following forms
of tourism:

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 • Hikes are a recreational trips in unpolluted areas, the excursions into the
mountains , camping tent camps , organized or semi- organized groups ;
here may be included hunting and fishing.
• Tourism Railway train the means of transport used by a significant
percentage of tourists.
• Tourism is divided into road cycling, motorcycle or car tourism .
• Tourism naval vessels sea and river transport are specific means used by
tourists. This includes sports and nautical tourism which are used in motor
or sailing boats, kayaks, canoes.
• Tourism uses air jets or helicopters.

Depending on travel motivations can distinguish the following types of tourism:

• Recreational tourism is usually the advantage of natural landscapes, the
opportunity to meet new people and new places, their habits, history of
certain places. Because of this, often recreational tourism can interfere
with cultural tourism.
• tourism is tourism for rest or recreation relaxation or rest.
• Tourism treatment or belt balneomedical. Due balneary natural resources
in our country the opportunity to intensively develop tourism
balneomedical.
• Sports tourism is motivated by the desire to practice some tourist activities:
canoeing, water skiing, yachting, skiing, skating, climbing, mountain
climbing, sport fishing, hunting, biking safari.
• Tourism shopping is represented by movements in other cities, or country,
to purchase certain products in terms of price and quality are more
favorable than those found locally or that are not usually offered by the
local market.
• Tourism visits include technical or scientific nature documentary or
experience sharing targets specially arranged for productive purposes, or
visits to industrial or agricultural.
• Religious tourism is the faithful pilgrimages to different churches or
monasteries that are considered to be holy. Pilgrims often are willing to
greater expenditures on the purchase of gifts of these places.

Specific forms of tourism based on the socioeconomic characteristics of the

application are: tourism, particularly social tourism and business tourism or
congresses.
Particularly tourism arises from the need of active holidays, rest, including a wide
range of events such as playing sports, entertainment or health care.
Social tourism is tourism that is practiced form of social classes who have limited
financial means and is defined as a set of activities aimed at developing tourism in
the social groups that have more modest incomes. They often staying in cheaper
forms such as boxes, tents and use convenient forms of transport. A particular form
of social tourism is tourism for youth which is addressed to students, students or
young people, usually with a educational purpose. WISE (The World Youth Student
and Educational) defines tourism young people as a form of tourism that includes

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independent travelers (the young are not accompanied by a parent or guardian
personally) for periods of less than one year, with ages between 15 and 29 years,
people have the motivation for such movement willingness to construe experience
vital to experience new culture and to benefit from new learning opportunities
formal or informal in an unknown environment, different the ordinary daily life.
Youth tourism forms are:

· Holidays - independent travelers spend their leisure time in a certain place

or stays abroad or in camps. Participants in international camps are often
accommodated in university campuses, hostels, hotels . These camps are
considered to be the best schools for young people because facilitates
learning by imitation and repetition. They include cultural, educational,
social and sports activities.
• Tourism education abroad include scholarships, summer schools , camps
thematic nationally or internationally . Young people have to know at least
two languages and be familiar with certain cultures.
• Working Holiday (young people who choose to travel for a period of time
between three months and one year and combine vacations with temporal
employment);
• Voluntary Collective (this type of travel is a growing very focused on
humanitarian work and community service). The period of activity for these
programs varies from a few weeks and can go up to one year. Young
people benefit during this period of accommodation, food and pocket
money, language courses, health insurance, days off each month.
• Tourism practiced to learn a foreign language. Age young people is
decreasing. The period required for such a journey is five or six weeks.
Considered the most important destination for young people who want to
learn a foreign language is UK. Other destinations are chosen by young
people in Spain, Austria, Japan, France, Germany or Brazil.

Business and congress tourism is the entire business travel companies that are
organized by economic and government for their staff , corporate travel business
participation in certain meetings or conferences.
Depending on the age of the tourists and their occupation forms of tourism can be
the following:
• Youth tourism
• Tourism for active population
• Tourism for the elderly.

Conclusion
In conclusion, can say that every form or type of tourism is very important
especially for the economy due to tourism development. Any of these forms help
develop tourism. Tourism is considered to be the most developed industry at the
European level with a strong economic impact and the highest annual growth rate.
Because of its scale and its various elements, but also because of the value and

318
originality of these elements, tourism is the main motivation of all that is tourist
traffic . A particular area or landmark is an interest to travel as far as that can
provide tourist activity.

References:

Glăvan V. (2003) Rural Tourism Agroturism Stable Ecoturism , Economică

Publishing House, Bucureşti.
Richards G., 2007. New Horizons II –The Young Independent Traveller 2007,
WYSE Travel Confederation, Amsterdam;
Richards G., 2008. WYSE Work Abroad Member - Volunteer Programmes 2008,
Publisher WYSE Travel Confederation;
World Tourism Organisation, 2008. Youth travel matters – Understanding the
Global Phenomenon of Youth Travel, Madrid;
Claudia Olimpia Moisă, 2010, Aspects of youth travel demand, Annales
Universitattis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 12(2).
Răbonţu, C., Babucea AG., Regional offsets in Romanian tourism from the
perspective of accommodation capacity, Proceeding of 1th WSEAS International
Conference “Tourism and Economy Development” (Ted'11) Iaasat Conference:
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Computers,Mathematics, p. 82-88, 2011
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