DIGITAL TALENT
SCHOLARSHIP
2019
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Introduction to Cloud
Computing and Service
Models
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Outlines
• Introduction to Cloud Computing
• Motivation
• Characteristics
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Opportunities & Challenges
• Cloud Architecture & Service Models
• IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
• Emerging Trend: FaaS
• Cloud Service Provider: Amazon Web Services
• Cloud Economics
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Introduction to Cloud
Computing
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Quick Survey: Consumer PoV
• For each the following statements, please raise your
hands if you:
• Own a Gmail/Yahoo/Outlook email account
• Use Google Drive/Dropbox/Onedrive cloud storage
• Use Microsoft Office 365/Google Docs office suite
• Share pictures via Instagram/Flickr/imgur
• Watch videos via YouTube/Vimeo
• Do you notice any similarity across each mentioned
online services?
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Similarities – Consumer PoV
• All services are delivered via the Internet
• Usually, no Internet means no service
• You do not have to know where your data is actually
stored
• It is somewhere.. “in the cloud”
• You have to read and agree on Terms & Conditions
before you can use the services
• You do not have to install additional software in your PC
to use those services
• Most services are usable via Web browser
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Quick Survey: Developer PoV
• For each the following statements, please raise your
hands if you:
• Rent a VPS (Virtual Private Server) for hosting your Web
site/blog/seedbox
• Use cPanel to manage your VPS
• Deploy a Web application to your own VPS or a PaaS service,
such as Heroku
• Again, do you notice any similarity?
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Similarities – Developer PoV
• There is some form of computing resource
management
• Example: resource provisioning via Web interface
• You might know where the computing resources are
located, but do not necessarily have physical access to
them
• You have to read and agree on Terms & Conditions
before you can use the services
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Motivation
• Fast-paced and ever-changing business environment
• Product requirements might change rapidly in one or two
development sprints
• Development must be agile
• Elasticity
• Scale up/down computing resources flexibly
• Avoid Slashdot effect
• Cost Savings
• Pay-as-you-go, or use subscription model
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What is Cloud Computing?
• Shared pool of
configurable computing
resources
• On-demand delivery
through internet
• Provisioned by the
service provider
• Pay-as-you-go pricing
Adopted from (Mell, 2009)
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Characteristics
Common Characteristics Essential Characteristics
• Massive scale • On-demand self service
• Homogeneity • Broad network access
• Low cost software • Rapid elasticity
• Virtualization • Resource pooling
• Resilient computing • Measured service
• Geographic distribution
• Service orientation
• Advanced security
Adopted from (Mell, 2009)
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Basic Cloud Characteristics (Mell, 2009)
• The “no-need-to-know” in terms of the underlying of the
infrastructure, applications interface with the infrastructure via
the APIs
• The “flexibility-and-elasticity” allows these systems to scale
up/down at will utilizing the resources of all kinds (CPU, storage,
load balancing, etc.)
• The “pay-as-much-as-used-and-needed” type of utility
computing and the ubiquitous type of network-based computing
• Cloud are transparent to users and applications, they can be built
in multiple ways
• In general, they are built on clusters of PC servers and off-the-
shelf components plus open-source software combined with in-
house applications and/or system software
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Advantages (Mell, 2009)
• Lower computer costs • Increased data
• Improved performance reliability*
• Reduced software costs • Universal document
access*
• Instant software
updates • Latest version
availability
• Improved document
format compatibility • Easier group
collaboration
• Unlimited storage
capacity* • Device independence
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Disadvantages (Mell, 2009)
• Requires a constant • Vendor (cloud service
Internet connection provider) lock-in
• Does not work well in a
slow Internet
connection
• Can be slow in terms of
throughput
• Stored data might be
not secure
• Stored data can be lost
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Opportunities & Challenges (Mell, 2009)
• Enables services to be • Dependence on certain
used without any service provider could
understanding of their possibly limit flexibility
infrastructure and innovation
• Data and services are • Issues with policy and
stored remotely but access regarding to the
accessible from anywhere data in the cloud
• Works using economies • It is still unclear how safe
of scale out-sourced data is and
when using these
services ownership of
data is not always clear
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Cloud Architecture &
Service Models
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Cloud Architecture (Mell, 2009)
/ Software as a Service
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Cloud Service Models
SalesForce CRM
LotusLive
Google App
Engine
Figure modified from (Mell, 2009)
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Cloud Service Models (another view)
Hosted Development Operating Server and Networking Data
applications tools, system storage Firewalls center
/apps database Security physical
management, plant
business /building
analytics
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Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
• “Contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT and
typically provide access to networking features,
computers (either virtual or on dedicated hardware),
and data storage service” – Amazon AWS
• Examples:
• Amazon Lightsail
• Amazon EC2 (finer-grained than Lightsail, e.g. more flexible
on customizing the VM’s specs)
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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
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Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• Abstracts away the infrastructure (e.g. server, network
connectivity) so that the customers can “focus on the
deployment and management of the applications” –
Amazon AWS
• Examples:
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk
• Heroku
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Platform as a Service (PaaS)
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Software-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• “Provides a completed product that is run and managed
by the service provider.” – Amazon AWS
• The user does not need to worry the underlying
infrastructure and platform
• Examples:
• Web-based email (e.g. Google Mail, Outlook, Fastmail)
• Google Docs Suite (Docs, Sheets, Slides)
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Software as a Service (SaaS)
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X-as-a-Service
• Software-as-a-Service can be generalized to “X-as-a-
Service”
• Meaning?
• X can be any computing resource that managed by the cloud
service provider and offered to the users for a price
• Examples:
• Database-as-a-Service: provides managed database (e.g.
Amazon Aurora, Google Cloud Firestore)
• Email-as-a-Service: provides ability to send/receive email
(e.g. Amazon Simple Email Service, Postmark)
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Emerging Trend: Function-as-a-Service
(FaaS)
• The cloud service provider lets users to deploy piece of
code (i.e. a function) instead of a complete Web
application
• It is similar to PaaS, but only accepts functions
• Major part in implementing serverless architecture
• Examples:
• Amazon Lambda
• Google Cloud Functions
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Cloud Computing: Deployment Model
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Deployment Model
• Private Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a
single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business
units). premises
• Community Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a
specific community of consumers from organizations that have
shared concerns
• Public Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the
general public
• Hybrid Cloud
The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct
cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public)
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Deployment Model
Cloud Provider
Public
Externa
l
The hosting infrastructure is
Service & infrastructure
Hybrid provided exclusively for one Customized combination of
provided publlicly for multiple
customer (either locally or at private and public cloud
client. Most economical
en external provider). Most services. Most flexible system,
solution, but security and
expensive solution for security but difficult to implement.
compliance concerns.
requirements.
Share infrastructure Does not share Data residence based
accross different users infrastructure on classificaiton
Mission critical
Inexpensive and easy to Dynamic and highly
workload, security,
setup changeable workload
uptime, etc
Private Private
(Service Provider)
On-
premise
(Customer)
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Deployment Model: Private Cloud
Adalah layanan cloud computing yang disediakan untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan internal dari organisasi/perusahaan.
• Contoh layanannya:
➢SaaS: Web Application, Mail Server, Database Server
untuk keperluan internal.
➢PaaS: Sistem Operasi + Web Server + Framework +
Database yang untuk internal
➢IaaS: Virtual machine yang bisa di-request sesuai dengan
kebutuhan internal
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Deployment Model: Private Cloud
• Keuntungan: Keamanan data terjamin, karena dikelola
sendiri, Menghemat bandwith internet ketika layanan itu
hanya diakses dari jaringan internal, proses bisnis tidak
tergantung dengan koneksi internet, tapi tetap saja
tergantung dengan koneksi jaringan lokal (intranet).
• Kerugian: Membutuhkan Investasi besar untuk menyiapkan
infrastrukturnya dan untuk biaya pemeliharaannya.
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Deployment Model: Public Cloud
Public Cloud Adalah layanan Cloud Computing yang
disediakan untuk masyarakat umum.
• Contoh Public Cloud yang gratis: GoogleMail, Facebook,
Twitter, Live Mail, dsb. Contoh
• Public Cloud yang berbayar: Sales Force, Office365,
GoogleApps, dsb.
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Deployment Model: Public Cloud
• Keuntungan: Pengguna tidak perlu berinvestasi untuk
merawat serta membangun infrastruktur, platform, ataupun
aplikasi.
• Kerugian: Sangat tergantung dengan kualitas layanan
internet (koneksi) yang kita pakai. Jika koneksi internet mati,
maka tidak ada layanan yang dapat diakses. Untuk itu, perlu
dipikirkan secara matang infrastruktur internetnya.
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Deployment Model: Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid Cloud Adalah gabungan dari layanan Public Cloud
dan Private Cloud yang diimplementasikan oleh suatu
organisasi/perusahaan. Dalam Hybrid Cloud ini, kita bisa
memilih proses bisnis mana yang bisa dipindahkan ke
Public Cloud dan proses bisnis mana yang harus tetap
berjalan di Private Cloud.
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Deployment Model: Hybrid Cloud
• Contohnya: Perusahaan A menyewa layanan dari
GoogleApp Engine (Public Cloud) sebagai “rumah” yang
dipakai untuk aplikasi yang mereka buat. Di negara
tersebut ada aturan kalau data nasabah dari sebuah
perusahaan tidak boleh disimpan pada pihak ketiga.
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Deployment Model: Hybrid Cloud
• Keuntungan: Keamanan data terjamin karena data
dapat dikelola sendiri (hal ini TIDAK berarti penyimpan
data di public cloud tidak aman, ya). Lebih leluasa untuk
memilih mana proses bisnis yang harus tetap berjalan di
private cloud dan mana proses bisnis yang bisa
dipindahkan ke public cloud dengan tetap menjamin
integrasi dari keduanya.
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Deployment Model: Hybrid Cloud
• Kerugian: Untuk aplikasi yang membutuhkan integrasi
antara public cloud dan private cloud, maka perlu dipikirkan
infrastruktur internet untuk menunjang hal tersebut.
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Deployment Model: Community Cloud
Community Cloud Adalah layanan Cloud Computing yang
dibangun eksklusif untuk komunitas tertentu, yang
consumer-nya berasal dari organisasi yang mempunyai
perhatian yang sama atas sesuatu/beberapa hal, misalnya
saja standar keamanan, aturan, compliance, dsb.
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Deployment Model: Community Cloud
• Keuntungan: Bisa bekerja sama dengan organisasi lain
dalam komunitas yang mempunyai kepentingan yang
sama. Melakukan hal yang sama bersama-sama
tentunya lebih ringan daripada melakukannya sendiri.
• Kerugian: Ketergantungan antar organisasi jika tiap-tiap
organisasi tersebut saling berbagi sumber daya.
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AWS Technology
Overview
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Introduction to the AWS Cloud
• Cloud Computing (Komputasi Cloud)
✓On-demand delivery of IT resources and applications via the
internet with pay-as-you-go pricing
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Before AWS
AWS Architecting
• Guessing theoretical
maximum peaks?
✓Is there enough resource
capacity?
✓Is this sufficient storage?
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With AWS
• With AWS:
✓Servers
✓Databases
✓Storage
✓Higher-level applications
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With AWS
• Resouces can be:
✓Initiated within second
✓Treated as “temporary and disposable”
• Free from the inflexibility and constraints
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AGILITY
3 Factors :
• Speed
• Experimentation
• Cultur of innovation
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Agility: Increase Speed and Global
Reach
• Instant global reach
• Rapid availability of new resources
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Agility: Increase Experimentation
• AWS enables
✓Operations as code
✓Safe Experimentation
✓Comparative testing
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Agility: Increase Innovation
• Quick experimentation with low cost/risk
• More experimentation and more often
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Agility: The AWS Infrastructure
• Instant elasticity-
• Scalability-
• Flexible
• Reliability
• Secure-
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Security & Compliance
• Using latest electronic surveillance technology
• Trained security guards, whose standby for 24/7
• Multi-factor access control systems to prevent any
intruders
• Strict least-privileged access
• Available in multiple regions and zones
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Global Infrastructure : AWS Region
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AWS Region
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Availability Zones (AZ)
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Edge Location
• An edge location is where end users access services
located at AWS.
• Implements caching concept here i.e. CDN, DNS
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Services & Categories
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Compute
• Provides platforms and infrastructures to handle
computational workload
• Examples:
• Elastic Beanstalk → PaaS
• EC2 → Virtual servers
• Elastic Container Service → Container management
• Elastic Container Registry → Container image repository
• Will have its own lecture sessions
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Database
• Provides managed relational and non-relational
databases
• Examples:
• DynamoDB → NoSQL database
• RDS → Relational databases (e.g. PostgreSQL, Oracle)
• ElastiCache → In-memory cache
• Will have its own lecture sessions
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Storage
• Provides data persistence for files and disks
• Examples:
• Simple Storage Service (S3) → Cloud file storage
• Elastic Block Storage → EC2 virtual disks
• S3 Glacier → Cold archive storage
• Will have its own lecture sessions
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Networking & Content Delivery
• Provides network management to the cloud resources
• Examples:
• Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) → Isolated cloud resources
• CloudFront → Content Delivery Network (CDN)
• Route 53 → DNS
• Elastic Load Balancing (ELB) → Load balancer
• Will have its own lecture sessions
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And many more …
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Cloud Economics
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Traditional IT Infrastructure vs. Cloud
Traditional AWS Cloud
Equipment Resources &
Administration No upfront cost Improve time &
Pay for what you use agility
Contracts Cost
Self-service
Scale up & down
infrastructure
Redrawn from (Johnson, 2017)
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Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
• “Total cost of acquiring and operating for running an
infrastructure environment” – (Johnson, 2011)
• We need to estimate and compare the TCO both when
setting up infrastructure “on premise” and “on the
cloud”
• Cloud-only or local-only is not necessarily cheaper
• Mix-and-match/hybrid is possible (e.g. VPS on local
datacentre, backup storage on the cloud)
• Why?
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Why Use TCO?
• Comparing the costs of running of an infrastructure
environment or specific workload on-premises or in a
co-location facility versus on AWS
• Example: Operating a server locally in office vs. collocated in a
datacentre vs. on AWS as EC2 instance
• Budgeting & building the business case for moving to
the cloud
• Integrate an existing AWS workload with an on-
premises or co-location setup
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Pricing Models
• On-demand
• Pay-as-you-go
• Analogy: Post-paid mobile phone plan → You are charged
based on your service usage
• Reserve
• Upfront payment
• Analogy: Subscription → You paid for a service with agreed
terms & conditions (e.g. length, amount, SLA, etc.)
• Spot
• Bid for a cloud resource → Similar to auction
• Availability is not guaranteed
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References
• Gunes, Mehmet H. “Cloud Computing.” University of Nevada, 2017. Available
at: https://www.cse.unr.edu/~mgunes/cpe401/cpe401sp17/8-Cloud.ppt
(Accessed: June 17th 2019)
• Johnson, Matt. “Cloud Economics; How to Quantify the Benefits of Moving to
the Cloud.” Transformation Day Public Sector London 2017. Available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/AmazonWebServices/cloud-economics-how-to-
quantify-the-benefits-of-moving-to-the-cloud-transformation-day-public-
sector-london-2017 (Accessed: June 17th 2019)
• Mell, Peter, and Tim Grance. "Effectively and securely using the cloud
computing paradigm." NIST, Information Technology Laboratory 2.8 (2009):
304-311. Available at: https://zxr.io/nsac/ccsw09/slides/mell.pdf (Accessed:
June 17th 2019)
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Digital Talent Scholarship 2019
Pusat Pengembangan Profesi dan Sertifikasi
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan SDM
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika
Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat No. 9
(Gd. Belakang Lt. 4 - 5)
Jakarta Pusat, 10110
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