Methodology
Chapter III
Research Design
The researcher believes that waste glass bottles can be processed into useful construction
aggregate using any convenient mechanical method. For broken glass aggregate blends, broken glass
bottles can be blended with natural aggregates by any convenient mechanical or manual method. Normal
precautions should be followed to prevent segregation.
Typical aggregates for construction include natural sands, gravels, crushed rock and recycled
concrete. The glass cullet or broken glass aggregate blends should be compared with the standard
specifications of these natural aggregates for each specific application especially for construction
purposes. Researchers focus in analyzing the strength of glass concrete if it will be comparable to the
strength of natural concrete mixture which is made as a control. The aim of this research is to provide
knowledge to emphasize the effectiveness and encourage the construction industry to use broken glass
aggregate blends as an alternative to conventional aggregate in numerous applications.
The researcher investigates the effects in strength of using recycled glass bottles as an alternative
fine and coarse aggregate if it is acceptable in construction in terms of compressive strength and slump.
As shown in figure below, the researchers used recycled glass bottles from junkshops. These bottles were
properly cleaned to prevent foreign materials or chemicals from contaminating the specimens. After
cleaning, they were crushed manually and sieved to ensure uniformity in particle size base on the range
that researcher sets. The researcher used Class A mix which has 1:2:4 proportion of cement, sand and
gravel respectively. Partial replacements were done in both fine and coarse aggregate by crushed recycled
bottles (SAMPLE A: 50% fine & 5% coarse, SAMPLE B: 40% fine & 10% coarse, SAMPLE C: 30%
fine & 15% coarse, SAMPLE D: 20% fine & 20% coarse) and control mixture was also made available.
Three (3) specimens were collected from each mixture using 6”x12” cylindrical molds and these
specimens were tested for compressive strength using UTM upon its 7th, 14th, and 28th day of its curing.
Then, the results were evaluated.
Figure Research Design
Sustainable
Collecting Cleaning, Mixing and Curing & Evaluating Design of
of Bottles Crushing & Molding Testing Concrete
Sieving Recycled
Bottles
This study to analyze the strength of the glass concrete mixture 1:2:4 and to determine whether it
will attain the strength of natural concrete mixture which is made as a control in these study. Will require
three cylindrical mold with the same volume. The hardened concrete cylinder will be cured for 7, 14 and
28 days and will be subjected to a compressive strength test.
The following are the steps and procedure on constructing the three concrete cylinder:
Step 1: Prepare the materials, such as sieved glass, water, cement, sand, and gravel, to be used with
desired amount.
Step 2: In mixing concrete using proportion 1:2:4 calculate the representative parts of cement, sand and
gravel and the amount of water to be added in the mixture.
Step 3: Weigh the computed amount of cement then set aside. Using the mold get the exact amount of
computed volume for sand and gravel then set it aside. Lastly, using a bottle measure the computed
amount of water, separate a mold and coat the inside with used oil to avoid the concrete from sticking to
the mold.
Step 4: Pour the representative amount of sand and gravel (both natural and glass aggregate). Mix it until
incorporated then add the representative mass of cement, combine together with water. Mix it again until
the right consistency is reached.
Step 5: Set the slump cone on the flat surface next to fresh concrete and fill it in three layers while
tamping each layer of 25 blows. Flatten the top.
Step 6: After 30 seconds remove the slump cone within 5 seconds then invert the slump cone at the side
of the fresh concrete slump.
Step 7: Put the tamping rod on the top of the inverted slump cone to measure the slump value of the fresh
concrete. The slump value is determined by measuring the distance between the highest point of the
slump and the tamping rod.
Step 8: Prepare the mold that is coated with used oil and pour the fresh concrete mixture in three layers
with 25 blows for each layer. Store it in room temperature for at least 24 hours and let it set. After letting
it hardened, take it out form the mold for curing.
Step 9: After demolding, soak the concrete in water with its top 50 mm from the water surface. Let it cure
for 7, 14, and 28 days.
Step 10: Remove the concrete cube from the water to be subjected in to a Compressive Strength Test.
Step 11: Gather the data.
1:2:4 (CEMENT:FINE:COARSE)
PERCENT OF COARSE
SAMPLE PERCENT OF FINE GLASS
GLASS
A 50% 5%
B 40% 10%
C 30% 15%
D 20% 20%
NORMAL 0% 0%
(TABLE 3.1 Sample Properties: Percentage of fine and coarse glass)
SLUMP VALUE
FRESH CONCRETE (Slump REQUIRED (Slump Value in
SAMPLE
Value in mm) mm) (Medium Degree)
A 50-100
B 50-100
C 50-100
D 50-100
NORMAL 50-100
(TABLE 3.2 Slump Value)
WATER CEMENT RATIO
Normally, the water cement ratio being between 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS standard. (CivilPlanets
(2020). What is Water Cement Ratio? And How to calculate. https://civilplanets.com/water-cement-
ratio/) The researchers will use 0.5 water cement ratio.
