Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions
Answers to EOCQs
Chapter 8 3 a A = 0.08 mol [1]
B = 0.18 mol [1]
1 a Forward and backward reactions; [1] b [A] = 0.04 mol dm–3[1]
happening at equal rates. [1] [B] = 0.09 mol dm–3[1]
b i goes to right [1] [C] = 0.02 mol dm–3[1]
2
ii goes to right [1] [C]
c i Kc = [A] [B] [1]
iii no effect [1] 2
iv goes to left [1] Kc = (0.02)
ii = 0.11 [1]
(0.04) × (0.09)
c If a system at equilibrium is disturbed [1] (no units) [1]
Total = 8
the reaction goes in the direction to minimise
the disturbance / oppose the change. [1] 4 a amount of hydrogen starts at 1.00 mol; [1]
d Reaction moves to right; [1] amount of hydrogen decreases [1]
some of the hydrogen must be removed [1] during the time interval in which number of
to reduce the concentration of added moles of hydrogen iodide are increasing; [1]
hydrogen;[1] levels off; [1]
more hydrogen reacts with CO2 to form more at 0.25 mol [1]
H2O and CO; [1] b 0.25 mol [1]
until value of Kc restored / to keep Kc (0.5 mol I2 reacts for every mole of HI formed.
constant.[1] So 0.75 mol I2 reacted. Therefore mol I2 at
Total = 13 equilibrium = 1.00 – 0.75 mol.)
2
[HI]
2 a Pressure that one gas exerts / pressure of c i Kc = [H ] [I ] [1]
2 2
individual gas [1] Kc = (0.75)
ii
2
= 9.00 [1]
in a mixture of gases. [1] (0.25) × (0.25)
6 7 (no units) [1]
b 13.5 × 10 Pa = 1.35 × 10 Pa [1] Total = 9
2
p
c Kp = pH × p
HI
[1]
2 I 2
6 2
5 a Any three of:
(10.2 × 10 )
d Kp = 6 6 = 48.3 closed system;
(2.33 × 10 ) × (0.925 × 10 )
(no units) [1] reactants and products at constant
e i Reaction goes to left; [1] concentration / macroscopic properties
increase in temperature increases the constant;
energy of the surroundings; [1] equilibrium is dynamic / products are
reaction goes in the direction that opposes forming reactants at same time as reactants
the increase in energy; [1] are forming products;
reaction goes in the direction in which rate of forward reaction = rate of backward
energy is absorbed; [1] reaction[3]
2
[NO ]
endothermic reaction favoured. [1] b i Kc = [N O2 ] [1]
2 4
ii Reaction moves to left; [1] [N2O4] = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8 mol dm–3[1]
ii
1
some more iodine needed [1] 0.4
to increase the concentration of iodine [NO2] = = 0.4 mol dm–3[1]
1
2
removed;[1] Kc = (0.4) = 0.2 [1]
more hydrogen iodide decomposes; [1] (0.8)
until value of Kp restored / to keep Kp mol dm–3 [1]
constant.[1] c i Increasing pressure has no effect on Kc;[1]
Total = 15
Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press 2014
Cambridge International AS Level Chemistry Answers to end-of-chapter questions
increasing pressure increases the CH3COOH + H2O ∏ CH3COO– + H3O+[2]
iii
number of moles of NO2 so that Kc [1 mark for correct products and reactants;
remains constant.[1] 1 mark for equilibrium sign]
ii
Increasing temperature increases Kc;[1] Total = 16
reaction is endothermic so higher yield
8 a 32.0 mol nitrogen [1]
at higher temperature. [1]
Total = 12 96.0 mol hydrogen [1]
b 8.00 moles nitrogen + 24.0 moles hydrogen →
6 a ethanoic acid = 0.8 mol dm–3[1] 16 moles ammonia [1]
2
ethanol = 0.8 mol dm–3 [1] [NH3]
c Kc = [N ] [H ]3 [1]
–3
b ethanoic acid = 0.24 mol dm [1] 2 2
2
(16)
ethanol = 0.24 mol dm–3 [1] d Kc = (32) (96)3 = 9.04 × 10–6 [1]
–3
c ethyl ethanoate = 0.56 mol dm [1] dm6 mol–2 [1]
water = 0.56 mol dm–3[1]
e no change [1]
[CH COOC H ] [H O]
d i Kc = [CH 3COOH] [C
2 5
H OH] [1]
2
f decreases[1]
3 2 5
Total = 8
Kc = (0.56) × (0.56) = 5.44
ii [1]
(0.24) × (0.24) pC2H5OH
iii all the concentration terms in the 9 a
Kp = pC H × pH O [1]
2 4 2
equilibrium expression cancel [1] b Pa–1 [1]
e no change [1] 6 6
c i [7.00 – (4.20 + 1.50)] × 10 = 1.30 × 10 Pa [1]
f less ethyl ethanoate; [1] 6
(1.30 × 10 )
ii
Kp = 6 6
position of equilibrium shifted to the left [1] (1.50 × 10 ) × (4.20 × 10 )
Total = 12
= 0.206 × 10–6 = 2.06 × 10–7 (Pa–1)[1]
7 a i oxonium / hydronium / hydroxonium [1] d Substances cannot enter or leave a closed
ii equation 1: HCl is the acid and H2O the system.[1]
base[1] e More gas molecules on the left; [1]
equation 2: NH3 is the base and H2O the so position of equilibrium shifts left; [1]
acid[1] increasing pressure until Kp restored. [1]
iii Amphoteric means can act as an acid or f As temperature increases, % of ethene
base / as proton donor or acceptor; [1] converted decreases; [1]
in equation 1, water accepts a proton backward reaction favoured by increase in
from HCl;[1] temperature;[1]
therefore water is a base; [1] backward reaction favoured if forward
in equation 2, water donates a proton reaction is exothermic [1]
to NH3;[1] so sign of enthalpy change is negative. [1]
therefore water is an acid. [1] Total = 12
b i HI is the acid and HCl is the base; [1]
HI donates a proton to HCl. [1]
+ –
ii H2Cl is the conjugate acid of HCl, and I is
the conjugate base of HI.[1]
c i Strong acid is (almost) completely ionised
in water; [1]
weak acid is only slightly ionised in water.
[1]
ii accept between pH 2 and 4 [1]
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