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Polar and Nonpolar Compounds: (Son) Kharadar General Hospital

The document discusses polar and nonpolar compounds. It defines nonpolar covalent bonds as having equal sharing of electrons between two atoms with the same electronegativity. Polar covalent bonds have unequal sharing between atoms of different electronegativities, resulting in partial charges. A polar molecule contains polar bonds whose dipoles do not cancel out, while nonpolar molecules have bond dipoles that cancel out. Examples of polar and nonpolar molecules are given to illustrate these concepts.

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71 views2 pages

Polar and Nonpolar Compounds: (Son) Kharadar General Hospital

The document discusses polar and nonpolar compounds. It defines nonpolar covalent bonds as having equal sharing of electrons between two atoms with the same electronegativity. Polar covalent bonds have unequal sharing between atoms of different electronegativities, resulting in partial charges. A polar molecule contains polar bonds whose dipoles do not cancel out, while nonpolar molecules have bond dipoles that cancel out. Examples of polar and nonpolar molecules are given to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

LOVE KUMAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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(SON) KHARADAR GENERAL HOSPITAL

POLAR AND NONPOLAR COMPOUNDS


Depending on the relative electronegativities of the two atoms sharing electrons, there may be
partial transfer of electron density from one atom to the other. When the electronegativities
are not equal, electrons are not shared equally and partial ionic charges develop.

The greater the electronegativity difference, the more ionic the bond is. Bonds that are partly
ionic are called polar covalent bonds.

Nonpolar covalent bonds, with equal sharing of the bond electrons, arise when the
electronegativities of the two atoms are equal.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond


 A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electronegativity and therefore
have equal sharing of the bonding electron pair
 Example: In H-H each H atom has an electronegativity value of 2.1, therefore the
covalent bond between them is considered nonpolar

Polar Covalent Bond

 A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have different electronegativities and


therefore have unequal sharing of the bonding electron pair
 Example: In H-Cl, the electronegativity of the Cl atom is 3.0, while that of the H
atom is 2.1
 The result is a bond where the electron pair is displaced toward the more
electronegative atom. This atom then obtains a partial-negative charge while the
less electronegative atom has a partial-positive charge.This separation of charge
or bond dipole can be illustrated using an arrow with the arrowhead directed
toward the more electronegative atom.
 Within a molecule each polar bond has a bond dipole
 A polar molecule always contains polar bonds, but some molecules with polar
bonds are nonpolar.

Polar Molecule

 A molecule in which the bond dipoles present do not cancel each other out and
thus results in a molecular dipole.(see below). Cancellation depends on the
shape of the molecule or Stereochemistry and the orientation of the polar
bonds.

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(SON) KHARADAR GENERAL HOSPITAL

Molecular Dipole

 A result of the bond dipoles in a molecule.


 Bond dipoles may or may not cancel out thereby producing either molecules that
are nonpolar, if they cancel, or polar, if they do not cancel

 Examples:

 CO2 is a linear molecule with 2  bond dipoles that are equal and
oppositely directed therefore the bond polarities cancel and the molecule
is nonpolar.

 HCN is a linear molecule with 2 bond dipoles that are in the same
direction and are not equal therefore the bond polarities do not cancel
and the molecule is polar

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