Oral Communication in Context Module 2 Lesson 1 At the backyard of an abandoned house.

Do
you know that it’s haunted? It is said that a
Communicative Strategies family has been killed at that same spot
during the 1900’s.
These are plans, ways or means of sharing information 6. Repair- refers to how speakers address the
which are adapted to achieve a particular social, problems in speaking, listening and comprehending
political, psychological and linguistic purpose. that they may encounter in a conversation
- Ex. I beg your pardon, but the latest
Types of Communicative Strategy record of the number of islands in the
Philippines is 7,641 and not 7,107.
1. Nomination- presenting a particular topic 7. Termination- refers to the conversation
clearly, truthfully, and saying only what is participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a
relevant topic in a conversation
- A speaker carries out a nomination to - Ex. See you around then.
collaboratively and productively establish a
topic
- When you apply this strategy, you try to
open a topic to the people you are
communicating with.
- Ex. Have you felt the earthquake last night?
2. Restriction- constraining the response or
reaction within a set of categories
- Refers to any limitation you have as a
speaker
- Ex. Report using the English language
3. Turn-taking- recognizing when and how to
speak because it is one’s turn
- Pertains to the process by which people
decide who takes the conversation floor
- The primary idea is to give all
communicators a chance to speak
- Ex. You have the spotlight now.
4. Topic control- covers how procedural formality
or informality affects the development of topic in
conversations. This means that when a topic is
initiated, it should be collectively developed by
avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic
shifts
- Ex. You said that you like milk chocolates,
but you also stated that dark chocolates
tastes good. So, do you know that all
chocolates are based from a single
ingredient called cacao?
5. Topic shifting- involves moving from one topic
to another
- Where a part of a conversation ends and
also begins
- Ex. I found a treasure chest, and it’s heavy.
Wow! That’s amazing – where did you find
it?
 An outline is a hierarchical list that shows the
relationship of your ideas. Experts in public speaking
Principles of Speech Writing state once your outline is ready, two thirds of your
speech writing is finished.

Audience analysis
Entails looking into the profile of your target
audience.
 Demography ( age range, male female ratio,
educational background and affiliations or
degree program taken, nationality, economic
status, academic or incorporate designations). 1. Table format
 Situation ( time, venue, occasion and size).
 Psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes,
preferences, cultural and racial ideologies and
needs).
Purpose of writing and delivering the speech
 To inform – an informative speech provides the
audience with a clear understanding of the
concept or idea presented by the speaker.
 To entertain – an entertainment speech
provides the audience with amusement. 1.0 As of today, there is an alarming increase of wastes in our community.
 To persuade – a persuasive speech provides the 1.1 According to Solid Waste Management
Office, if we do not tale immediate action,
audience with well-argued ideas that can we might face more perils caused by natural calamities.
influence their own beliefs and decisions. 1.2 Now, I am going to talk about how to eliminate wastes
TOPIC and protect the environment.
2.0 Improper waste disposal causes environmental problems.
The topic is your main point, which can be determined 2.1 Wastes contaminate the soil.
once you have decided on your purpose. 2.2 Wastes contaminate the water.
2.3 Wastes can cause floods.
 Narrowing down a topic
3.0 There are ways to eliminate wastes and protect the environment.
Means making your main idea more specific and 3.1 Reducing, reusing, and recycling can help eliminate
focused. wastes.
3.2 People should start doing these at home.
 Data Gathering 3.3 This solution should be supported by the local
Is the stage where you collect ideas, information, government.
sources and references relevant or related to your 4.0 We must act now
4.1 This solution should be supported by the local
specific topic. government.
 Writing patterns 4.2 Let us learn from the lessons in natural calamities we
have experienced.
In general, are structures that will help you organize
the ideas related to your topic.
The introduction is the foundation of your speech.  Edit for concision
Here, your primary goal is to get the attention of your “The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept on
audience and present the subject or main idea of your talking endlessly as if no one was listening to him/her”
 Edit for continuity
speech.
“The speech was to difficult to follow; I was lost in the
• Use a real-life experience and connect that middle.”
experience to your subject.  Edit for variety
• Use practical examples and explain their “I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.”
connection to your subject.  Edit for impact and beauty
• Start with a familiar or strong quote and then “There’s nothing really special about the speech.”
explain what it means.
• Use facts or statistics and highlight their Rehearsing
importance to your subject. It gives you an opportunity to identify what works and
• To tell a personal story to illustrate your point. what does not work for you and for your target
audience.
The body of the speech provides an explanation, The best thing to remember at this stage is,
”Constant practice makes perfect.”
examples, or any details that can help you deliver your
purpose and explain the main idea of your speech. Some Guidelines in Speech Writing

The following are some strategies to highlight your 1. Keep your words short and simple.
main idea. 2. Avoid jargon, acronyms or technical words.
3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal
• Present real-life or practical examples.
pronoun “I” and “We”.
• Show Statistics. 4. Use active verbs and contractions .
• Present comparisons. 5. Be sensitive to your audience.
• Share ideas from the experts or practitioners. 6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively
convey your point.
The conclusion restates the main idea of your speech. 7. Manage your time well.

Furthermore, it provides a summary, emphasizes the

Principles of Speech Delivery
message, and calls for action.
1. Voice Modulation
• Pace, pitch, power, and volume of your voice •
The following are some strategies. Also includes the emotion of your voice
• Begin your conclusion with a restatement of 2. Facial Expression
your message. 3. Posture
• Use positive examples, encouraging words, or 4. Gestures
memorable lines from songs or stories familiar
to your audience. TIPS
• Ask a question or series of questions that can • Always convey your message with the variation in pitch and
make your audience reflect or ponder. tempo. Never deliver your speech in a monotone as it will
not only bore but will send your audience to sleep.
• Speak at a rate so that your audience can understand you
Editing/Revising your written speech involves
because fast delivery shows lack of confidence.
correcting errors in mechanics, such as grammar, • Speak normally at around 125 to 150 words per minute.
punctuation, capitalization, unity, coherence and • Pronounce words properly.
others. • Speak loud enough so that everyone in the audience can
 Edit for focus. hear you clearly.
“So, what’s the point? What’s the message of the • Pause for a moment in between sentences to control your
speech?” speed and approach better.
 Edit for clarity • Refrain from vocalized pauses.
“I don’t understand the message because the examples • Take care that you do not repeatedly use such phrases as
“you see”, “I mean”, “you know”, and “okay”.
or supporting details were confusing.”
Activity 1 (Write your answers in your big notebook)
Identify the type of communicative strategy in each
statement.
___________1. “Do you have anything to say?” Activity 3 Mini Task (Write your answers in your big
___________2. “One of the essential lessons I gained notebook)
from the discussion is the importance of sports and
wellness to a healthy lifestyle.” Create three-minute tourism commercial. Plan and
___________3. “Excuse me? I think we should speak present a tourism commercial about the place you
one at a time, so we can clearly understand what we visited in the Imaginary Trip activity or any place that
want to say about the issue.” you actually visited. Mention the things that make the
___________4. “Go on with your ideas. I’ll let you finish tourist spot a dream destination. Remember, this
first before I say something.” activity will help you practice making positive
___________5. “Have you heard the news about the statements about a vacation site and responding to
latest achievement of our government?” how people see this place differently.
___________6. “Hey, how are you? I missed you!” When writing your script for the commercial, answer
___________7. “Best regards to your parents! See you these 10 questions.
around!”
___________8. “Good to see you. Anyway, I came to • Why do tourists visit this place?
visit you because I want to personally offer apologies • What do many visitors like to do here?
for what I did yesterday.” • What would be best for a day trip?
___________9. “Sorry, I can’t decide on that now. I am • What should one do for a good night out?
still focused on my writing assignment. Let’s talk next • Where can visitors get the best food?
time, okay?” • Where can visitors buy their souvenirs?
___________10. “Now, it’s your turn to ask questions.” • What outdoor activities are famous?
• What is amazing about the weather?
Activity 2 (Write your answers in your big notebook) • What is the best thing to do here during summer?
• What do tourists say about this vacation spot?
Think of three scenes from a movie or a TV show where
various communicative strategies were employed in
one conversation. Watch the scenes and evaluate the The following rubric will be used in assessing your
effect of the strategy applied to the conversation and commercial, so make sure it meets the criteria below.
to the characters. List your evaluations in the table
below.

1.