MODULE-I

INTRODUCTION
 What is Structural Steel Detailing?
Structural Steel Detailing is the process of converting design drawings
(engineering drawings / contract drawings) to shop drawings (fabrication
drawings) to facilitate easy and speedy fabrication of structural members in
shop.
 What are Design drawings?
Design drawings are the drawings generated by the Architects / Engineers.
They are generally the floor plan layouts, Elevation of the buildings, &
Section details. The design drawing provides all the basic data required for
preparation of shop drawings such as Bottom of base plate level, Top of
steel elevation, Top of concrete elevation, floor levels, Section sizes of
beams & columns, Column & Beam connection details, Type of connection
etc.
 What are Structural Members?
Columns, Beams, Channels & Angles are known as structural members.
Hence structural steel detailing means detailing of these members for their
inter connectivity and assembly so that they can be fabricated in shops with
all the necessary connections and shipped to site so that they can be
assembled easily.
STEEL VS. CONCRETE
 Economy
 Durability
 Design Flexibility
 Simplicity
 Rapid Construction
 Buildable in all weather
 Easy structural changes
 Easy field repair
 100% Recyclable
 DETAILING PROCEDURES
 After study of contract/sample drawings the entire group should decide the drawing
pattern & standards to be followed.
 The detailer should approach the project engineer for any clarifications and the
point should be freezed.
 Any modifications or decision taken should be informed to all the members of the
group. The Project engineers must check the drawing register to ensure that he has
the latest revision of all Contract drawings.
 Preparation of anchor bolt drawings (A1, AB1….) and erection drawings (E1,
E2.…) with required sections and other miscellaneous items.
 Project engineers will divide the portion to be detailed and assign it to the respective
detailers.
 Detailers will start off with preparation of drawings. Project engineers should check
the erection drawing for grid dimension, member shapes, elevations, erection
markings and other required details. Also give erection marks.(Shipment mark)
 Detailers are supposed to incorporate the erection marks. They should check the
drawing on screen and enter the check list. These drawings should be submitted
along with the checklist to the project engineers/checkers.
 Project engineers should enter the drawing list (For description, drawn by Etc.) and
checks the drawings as per check list .
 Detailers should incorporate all the comments marked by the checkers and finally
checkers should ensure that all the comments are incorporated by manually
checking it on the screen.
 DETAILING PROCEDURES

 Project engineers should take care that the final drawings are ready for shipment.

 Material grade should be used as per contract drawing & to be mentioned in the
general note. If the material used in the drawing is different from that mentioned in
the general note, then it should be called off in remark column of bill of materials.
 HOT & COLD ROLLED STEEL
Hot Rolled Steel

Hot rolled steel has been roll-pressed at high temperatures (over 1,700F), which is
above the re-crystallization temperature for most steels. This makes the steel easier
to form, and also results in products that are easier to work with.
Hot rolled steel can often be identified by the following characteristics:
• Scaled surfaces, the remnants of cooling from extreme temperatures.
• Slightly rounded edges and corners for bar and plate products (due to shrinkage
and less precise finishing).
• Slight distortions, where cooling may leave slightly trapezoidal forms rather than
perfectly squared angles.
Hot rolled steel typically requires much less processing than cold rolled steel, which
makes it a lot less expensive. Hot rolled steel is also allowed to cool at room
temperature, so it’s essentially normalized, meaning it’s free from internal stresses
that can arise during quenching or work-hardening processes.
Hot rolled steel is ideal where dimensional tolerances aren’t as important as overall
material strength, and where surface finish isn’t a key concern. If surface finish is a
concern, scaling can be removed by grinding, sand blasting, or acid-bath pickling.
Once scaling is removed, various brush or mirror finishes can be applied. Descaled
steel also offers a better surface for painting and other surface coatings.
Examples : UB UC W S WT C L etc.
 HOT & COLD ROLLED STEEL
Cold Rolled Steel

Cold rolled steel is essentially hot rolled steel that has gone through more
processing. To get cold rolled steel, manufacturers generally take cooled-down hot
rolled steel and roll it more to get more exact dimensions and better surface
qualities.
But the term “rolled” is often used to describe a range of finishing processes such
as turning, grinding, and polishing, each of which modifies existing hot rolled stock
into more refined products. Technically, “cold rolled” applies only to sheets that
undergo compression between rollers. But forms like bars or tubes are “drawn,” not
rolled. So hot rolled bars and tubes, once cooled, are processed into what are
called “cold finished” tubes and bars.
Cold rolled steel can often be identified by the following characteristics:
• More finished surfaces with closer tolerances.
• Smooth surfaces that are often oily to the touch.
• Bars are true and square, and often have well-defined edges and corners.
• Tubes have better concentric uniformity and straightness.
 HOT & COLD ROLLED STEEL
With better surface characteristics than hot rolled steel, it’s no surprise that cold
rolled steel is often used for more technically precise applications or where
aesthetics are important. But, due to the additional processing for cold finished
products, they come at a higher price.
In terms of their physical characteristics, cold worked treatments can also create
internal stresses within the material. In other words, fabricating cold worked steel—
whether by cutting, grinding, or welding it—can release tensions and lead to
unpredictable warping.
Depending on what you’re looking to build, different types of materials each have
their own benefits and drawbacks. For unique projects or one-off productions,
prefabricated steel materials can provide the building blocks for any structural
configuration imaginable.

Examples of cold rolled steel products include; bars, strips, rods and sheets. These
products are normally smaller than hot-rolled ones.
 STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS AND SHAPES
W-, M-, S- and HP- Shapes (These are H- shaped or I- shaped members)
• W- Shape: This has essentially parallel inner and outer flange surface.
• M- Shape: These are H- shapes that are not classified in ASTM A6 as W-, S- or
HP- shapes
• S- Shape: They have a slope of approximately 162/3 percent (2 on 12) on the
inner flange. (This is also known as American Standard Beams)
• HP- Shape: These are similar to W- Shape, except their webs and flanges are of
equal. These shapes are designated by mark W, M, S or HP. For example a
W24X55. W- shape that is nominally 24-inch deep and weighs 55 lbs/ft

Channels
• C- Shapes: They have a slope of approximately 162/3 percent (2 on 12) on the
inner flange. (Also known as American Standard Channels)
• MC- Shape: They have a slope other then 162/3 percent (2 on 12) on the inner
flange. (Also known as miscellaneous channels) These shapes are designated by
mark C or MC. For example a C12X25. C- shape that is nominally 12-inch deep
and weighs 25 lbs/ft.
 STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS AND SHAPES
Angles
Angles (also known as L- shape) have legs of equal thickness and either equal or
unequal leg sizes. Angles are designated by the mark L. For example L4X3X1/2
is an angle with one 4 inch leg, one 3 inch leg and ½ inch thickness.
Structural Tees (WT-, MT-, and ST- Shapes)
WT - shapes: Made from W- shapes.
MT- shapes: Made from M- shapes.
ST- shapes : Made from S- shapes.
These shapes are designated by mark WT-, MT- or ST-. For example a
WT12X27.5 is a structural tee split from W24X55. WT- shape that is nominally
12-inch deep and weighs 27.5 lbs/ft.
Hollow Structural Sections (HSS)
Rectangular (including square) HSS, which have an essentially rectangular (or
square) cross section, except for rounded corners, and uniform wall thickness,
except at the weld seam
Round HSS, which have essentially round cross section and uniform wall
thickness except at the weld seam
These shapes are designated as HSS. For example HSS 10.000X0.500 is
nominally 10 inch in diameter with ½ inch wall thickness.
 STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS AND SHAPES
Double Angles
These shapes are designated by the mark 2L, the size and thickness of the their
legs (inches) and their orientation when the angle legs are not equal size (LLBB
or SLBB). For example a 2L4X3X1/2 LLBB has two angles with one 4 inch leg
and one 3 inch leg and the 4 inch legs are back-to-back a 2L4X3X1/2 SLBB is
similar, except the 3 inch legs are [Link] both cases, the legs are ½ inch
thick.
 STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS AND SHAPES
 I-beam (I-shaped cross-section - in Britain these include Universal Beams (UB)
and Universal Columns (UC); in Europe it includes the IPE, HE, HL, HD and
other sections; in the US it includes Wide Flange (WF or W-Shape) and H
sections)
 Carbon steels
A36 - structural shapes and plate.
A53 - structural pipe and tubing.
A500 - structural pipe and tubing.
A501 - structural pipe and tubing.
A529 - structural shapes and plate.
 High strength low alloy steels
A441 - structural shapes and plates.
A572 - structural shapes and plates.
A618 - structural pipe and tubing.
A992 - Possible applications are W or S I-Beams.
A913 - Quenched and Self Tempered (QST) W shapes.
A270 - structural shapes and plates.
A521 - structural plates and shapes
 STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS AND SHAPES
 Corrosion resistant high strength low alloy steels
A243 - structural shapes and plates.
A588 - structural shapes and plates
 Quenched and tempered alloy steels
A514 - structural shapes and plates.
A517 - boilers and pressure vessels.
Eglin steel - Inexpensive aerospace and weaponry items.
 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND
STANDARDS
1. LRFD Specifications: The 1999 AISC Load and Resistance Factor Design
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings

2. HSS Specification: The 2000 AISC Specification for the Design of Steel Hollow
Structural Sections.

3. RCSC Specifications: The 2000 Research Council on Structural Connections

4. AWS D1.1: Structural Steel Welding Code from American Welding Society

5. OSHA Specifications: Occupational Safety and Health Administration