Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
111… Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom
Topic: Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom
Episode: 1
Format: School-on-the-Air
Length: 30 minutes
Scriptwriter/s: Jhoann D. Reyes / May L. Sico
Objectives: At the end of the lesson the learners are expected to determine the characteristics
colors of light that metals emit and identify the energy levels, sublevels, and atomic orbitals in
an atom.

1 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

2 BIZ: INSERT SOA PROGRAM ID

3 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

4 TEACHER: Hello there, dear grade 9 learners! It feels like it has been ages since we have seen

5 you face to face. Nonetheless we are grateful for the opportunity to learn with you today. I

6 welcome all of you to our first episode of Science 9. I am your on-air Science teacher, Sir Joh

7 Yoh) / Ma’am May from Bilad High School.

8 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER 9 TEACHER:

9 TEACHER: Go ahead and find a comfortable place to make this learning session more effective.

10 It would also help if you follow these tips:

11 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

12 TEACHER: 1. Find a learning area that is well-lit and well ventilated. (PAUSE)

13 2. Keep your school supplies and other learning materials within your reach. (PAUSE)

14 3. Before engaging in our learning session, make sure that you have eaten breakfast and that

15 you have accomplished all basic personal grooming. (PAUSE)

16 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

17 TEACHER: Alright! Those are the tips I have for you today. These will help you become 15

18 well- engaged in our learning session while feeling fresh and comfortable. If you have 16 other

19 pre-learning activities or practices, go ahead and do them.

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
222… Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom
1 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

2 TEACHER: For this lesson you need the following materials: pen, paper or Science notebook, a

3 digital or printed copy of Science 9 Quarter 2 Module 1 entitled Quantum Mechanical Model of

4 an Atom. Go ahead and place them in front of you.

5 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

6 TEACHER: How impressive! Here is a round of applause especially for those who have

7 prepared their materials beforehand. You are indeed enthusiastic learners!

8 BIZ: MSC APPLAUSE WITH CROWD SHOUTING

9 TEACHER: Let us begin with a recap of our previous lesson, which was on transform plate

10 boundary.

11 BIZ: INCREASE VOLUME OF BACKGROUND MSC THEN FADE

12 TEACHER: To guide us in this review, we will answer some questions. (PAUSE)

13 Are you ready? (PAUSE) That’s awesome! Let us begin.

14 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

15 TEACHER: Question number 1: Differentiate autotrophs from heterotrophs?

16 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

17 TEACHER: Correct! Autotrophs referred to organisms that can make their own food while

18 heterotrophs feed on other organisms to survive.

19 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

20 TEACHER: What are the two phases of photosynthesis?

21 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

22 TEACHER: Very good! There are two phases of photosynthesis: the light-dependent phase and

23 light-independent phase also known as Calvin Cycle.

24 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
333… Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom
1 TEACHER: Question Number 3: What are the two types of cellular respiration?

2 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

3 TEACHER: Excellent! Cellular respiration can be classified into two types: aerobic respiration

4 and anaerobic respiration.

5 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

6 TEACHER: For the final review question: Differentiate aerobic respiration from anaerobic

7 respiration?

8 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

9 TEACHER: You’re doing great! Aerobic respiration is oxygen-dependent and it involves the

10 breakdown of glucose into 6 molecules of carbon dioxide while anaerobic respiration is

11 oxygen-independent and it involves the breakdown of food into ethanol.

12 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

13 TEACHER: Good job dear grade 9 learners! Indeed, you have understood our previous lesson.

14 BIZ: APPLAUSE AND CROWD SHOUTING

15 TEACHER: We are now ready to start with Module 1 Lessons 1 and 2 entitled Quantum

16 Mechanical Model of an Atom. As I go through the lesson, you may follow by using your

17 modules as reference. Go ahead flip your module to page 1.

18 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

19 TEACHER: Striking display of fireworks is done all over the world during New Year’s Eve.

20 Have you observed the different colors of light emitted by this fireworks? Do you know what is

21 responsible for this array of colors? Would you believe that this is due to the arrangement of

22 electrons within the atoms? Excited to discover more about the atom? Let’s begin…

23 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
444… Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom
1 TEACHER: Firework effects are produced by the combustion of explosive materials present in

2 fireworks. These explosive materials are also called metal salts. Metal salts emit characteristic

3 color of light when heated as shown in the Table 1.

4 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

5 TEACHER: Each color of light has a specific wavelength. Among the visible light, red light has

6 the longest wavelength and has the lowest energy. Violet light has the shortest wavelength and

7 has the highest energy.

8 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

9 TEACHER: When compounds of different elements are heated over a flame, it comes to a point

10 where the hot gaseous atom begins to emit light of a definite color. Analysis of light given off by

11 the vapors of elements can be done more precisely with an instrument called spectroscope.

12 With the use of spectroscope, one can detect a series of narrow lines or line spectrum on the

13 light given off by an element. The spectral lines suggest different energy levels in an atom.

14 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

15 TEACHER: How did Neils Bohr explain the spectral lines of an element shown in the

16 spectroscope?

17 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

18 TEACHER: Very Good! Each line in the atomic spectra of elements suggests definite energy

19 transformations within the atom. Bohr stated that electrons are moving around the nucleus in

20 circular path or orbit at definite distances from the nucleus. This is similar to the planets

21 revolving around the sun. Electrons in each orbit have definite energy. This energy increases

as

22 the distance of the orbit from the nucleus increases. These orbits are also known as “shells” or

23 “energy levels” and are assigned each a number: n=1, n=2, n=3, etc. or letters (K, L, M, N, O,

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

555… Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom

1 etc.). As long as the electron stays in its given orbit, there is no absorption or emission of

2 energy. If the electron received extra energy, it can jump into a higher energy level, this is also

3 called excited state. The electron in the excited state can return to its original lower energy

4 level or ground state by releasing discreet amount of energy in the form of light.

5 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

6 TEACHER: Bohr’s atomic model can only describe atomic spectrum of an atom having only one

7 electron like that of hydrogen. An Austrian physicist, Erwin Schrodinger together with Werner

8 Heisenberg and Louis de Broglie made a refinement of Bohr’s atomic model. Schrö dinger used

9 mathematical equations to describe the possibility of finding an electron in a certain location

10 this model is known as the quantum mechanical model of the atom.

11 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

12 TEACHER: Based on the quantum mechanical model, it would be impossible to plot a definite

13 path or orbit for the moving electrons. At least, we can only guess the most probable location

14 of the electron in a given instant to be within a certain volume or region of space surrounding

15 the nucleus. What is an atomic orbital? Its function?

16 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

17 TEACHER: Awesome! An atomic orbital is the region around the nucleus where the electron

18 is most likely to be found. The atomic orbital serves as the “house” of the electron. It can

19 accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons. Aside from the main energy levels and atomic

20 orbitals, there are also energy sublevels as shown by the finer lines in the atomic emission

21 spectra of elements.

22 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

23 TEACHER: This atomic model presented by Bohr is comparable to a staircase as shown on the

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

666… Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom

1 figure below. When you walk up or down the stairs your feet must hit the steps not on the

2 empty space between each steps, otherwise you will be in trouble until you hit another step.

3 The higher you climb the stairs; the more energy you need. Similarly, the electrons can only

4 stay in a definite energy level and not on the space between energy levels. The further the

5 energy level from the nucleus the higher the energy.

6 TEACHER: Alright! Turn your module on page 5 and let’s proceed to Lesson 2 which is

7 Electron Configuration.

8 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

9 TEACHER: Matter is composed of atoms. Atoms are made up subatomic particles namely

10 protons, neutrons, and electrons. The position of electrons within the atoms plays a vital role

11 in the way atoms interact with one another to form compounds.

12 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

13 TEACHER: In lesson 1, you learned that electron can only stay at certain fixed distances away

14 from the nucleus. This position is called energy levels. Each energy levels contain a certain

15 number of sublevels. Every sublevel has fixed number of atomic orbitals. This atomic orbital is

16 the place where electrons are most probably found. The electrons in the atomic orbital carry a

17 definite amount of energy.

18 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

19 TEACHER: Tracking down the location of a given electron in an atom is similar to tracking

20 where a person lives. To find this person you need to know his complete home address: City,

21 Barangay, and house number. These correspond to energy levels, sublevels, and atomic

22 orbitals in an atom.

23 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

777… Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom

1 TEACHER: In order to track where all the electrons in an atom are, chemists use notation

2 called electron configuration. This electron configuration is the most stable arrangement in

3 which the electrons have the lowest energy. An example of electron configuration is 1s 22s22p6

4 for neon atom. Do you know how this electron configuration is obtained?

5 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

6 TEACHER: At this point, let us now discuss the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals.

7 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

8 TEACHER: In the electron configuration of 1s2, 1 refers to the main energy level occupied by

9 the electron, s denotes the kind of orbital and the superscript 2 for the number of electrons in

10 the orbital. The main energy level also tells as the number of sublevels and the name of the

11 sublevel is also the same with the name of the orbital.

12 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

13 TEACHER: What are the three rules applied in deriving the electron configuration?

14 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

15 TEACHER: Excellent! These are Aufbau’s Principle, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, and Hund’s rule

16 of multiplicity.

17 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

18 TEACHER: Aufbau’s Principle is also known as the “building-up” principle, states that

19 electron's occupy orbitals in order of increasing energy. It follows this mnemonic in filling up

20 the orbital as you can see the picture on your module.

21 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

22 TEACHER: Second is the Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, electrons occupying the same orbital

23 must have opposite spin ↑↓.

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
24 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

888… Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom

1 TEACHER: Lastly the Hund’s rule of Multiplicity when electrons enter a sublevel with more

2 than one orbital, they will spread out to the available orbitals with the same spin before

3 pairing.

4 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

5 TEACHER: How about you grade 9 learners? (PAUSE) Suppose you are eating your favorite

6 snack. What are the elements present in your snack? List five (5) elements present in your

7 snack and make an element card with electron configuration. Use short bond paper and cut

8 into four for your card. (PAUSE)

9 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER

10 TEACHER: At this point, kindly answer the following activities entitled What’s More Activity

11 2 in Lesson 1, What I Have Learned in Lesson 1and Lesson 2 What’s More of Module 1 as well

12 as the Post Test. While answering, here is a chill music for you.

13 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER (LONG)

14 TEACHER: Excellent Grade 9 learners! You are now ready to answer the all the activities under

15 Science 9 Module 1. For questions and clarifications kindly contact your Science teachers via

16 phone call, email, text message or by sending a direct message through Facebook messenger.

17 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER THEN FADE

18 TEACHER: That is it for our lesson today, grade 9 learners. For better retention and mastery of

19 the lesson you may allot time to read back on your notes and modules.

20 BIZ: MSC UP AND UNDER THEN FADE

21 TEACHER: This has been your weekly dose of Science 9 with Sir Joh (Yoh) / Ma’am May,

22 reminding you to practice a habit of excellence.

23 BIZ: MSC UP THEN OUT

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE

Prepared by:

Jhoann D. Reyes, R.N. May L. Sico

Science 9 Teacher Science 9 Teacher

Reviewed by:

Vanjo T. Vijiga, Ed.D.

Head Teacher I

Noted:

Teresita P. Lorenzo
Principal III

BILAD HIGH SCHOOL

Address: Bilad Camiling, Tarlac
School ID: 300952
Email Address: [email protected]
Fb Page: 300952_Bilad High School