Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Book Name: Selina Concise

EXERCISE. 9 (A)

Question 1:
State, whether the following statements are true or false. If false, give a reason.
(i) If A and B are two matrices of orders 3 × 2 and 2 × 3 respectively; then their sum A + B is
possible.
(ii) The matrices A2 × 3 and B2 × 3 are conformable for subtraction.
(iii) Transpose of a 2 × 1 matrix is a 2 × 1 matrix
(iv) Transpose of a square matrix is a square matrix
(v) A column matrix has many columns and only one row.
Solution 1:
(i) False
The sum A + B is possible when the order of both the matrices A and B are same.
(ii) True
(iii) False
Transpose of a 2 × 1 matrix is a 1 × 2 matrix.
(iv) True
(v) False
A column matrix has only one column and many rows.

Question 2:
 x y  2 3 1
Given :    ; find x, y and z.
 3 z  1  3 2 
Solution 2:
If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal. Therefore, we have:
x = 3,
y+2=1⇒y=−1
z−1=2⇒z=3

Question 3:
Solve for a, b and c; if:
 4 a  5  b  4 2 
(i)  
3 2   3 c  1

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 a a  b  3 1
(ii)  
b  c 0  2 0 
Solution 3:
If two matrices are equal, then their corresponding elements are also equal.
(i)
a + 5 = 2 ⇒ a = −3
− 4 = b + 4 ⇒b = −8
2=c−1⇒c=3
(ii) a= 3
a − b = −1
⇒b=a+1=4
b+c=2
⇒ c = 2 − b = 2 − 4 = −2

Question 4:
If A = 8 3 and B =  4 5  ; find:
(i) A + B (ii) B – A
Solution 4:
(i) A  B  8  3    4  5   8  4 3  5   12  8 
(ii)B  A   4  5  8  3
 4  8  5  3
  4  2

Question 5:
2  1 6
If A =   , B =  4  and C =  2  , find:
5     
(i) B + C (ii) A – C
(iii) A + B – C (iv) A – B +C
Solution 5:
 1   6   1  6  7 
(i) B  C          
 4   2  4  2 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2  6  2  6  4
(ii) A  C          
5  2 5  2  7 
 2   1  6 
(iii) A  B  C         
5  4  2
 2  1  6   3 
  
5  4  2  11
 2   1  6 
(iv) A  B  C         
5  4  2
 2  1 6   7 
  
5  4  2  1

Question 6:
Wherever possible, write each of the following as a single matrix.
1 2  1 2
(i)   
 3 4   1 7 
 2 3 4  0 2 3 
(ii)   
5 6 7  6 1 0 
 0 1 2 3 4 
(iii)   
 4 6 7  6 8 
Solution 6:
1 2  1 2  1  1 2  2  0 0 
(i)     
 3 4   1 7 3  1 4  7  4 3 
 2 3 4  0 2 3   2  0 3  2 4  3   2 1 1
(ii)      
5 6 7  6 1 0 5  6 6  1 7  0   1 7 7 
(iii) Addition is not possible, because both matrices are not of same order.

Question 7:
Find, x and y from the following equations:
 5 2  1 x  1  4 7 
(i)    
 1 y  1 2  3   3 2
(ii)  8 x    y  2   3 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 7:
 5 2   1 x  1  4 7 
(i)   
 3   3 2 
 1 y  1 2
 5 1 2  x  1  4 7 
 
 1  2 y  1  3   3 2 
 4 3  x   4 7
 
 3 y  2  3 2
Equating the corresponding elements, we get,
3 − x = 7 and y + 2 = 2
Thus, we get, x = − 4 and y = 0.
(ii)
 8 x    y  2   3 2
  8  y x  2   3 2
Equating the corresponding elements, we get,
−8 + y = −3 and x − 2 =2
Thus, we get, x = 4 and y = 5.

Question 8:
 5 3  t
Given: M =   , find its transpose matrix M . If possible, find:
 2 4 
(i) M + Mt (ii) Mt – M
Solution 8:
 5 3 
M  
 2 4 
 5 2 
Mt   
 3 4 

 5 3  5 2  5  5  3  2  10 5

(i)M  Mt     
 2 4   3 4   2  3 4  4  5 8 

 5 2  5 3  5 5 2 3  0 1

(i)Mt  M      
 3 4   2 4   3 2 4 4   1 0 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 9:
Write the additive inverse of matrices A, B and C:
 2 0   7 
Where A =  6  5  ; B=   and C =  
 4 1 4
Solution 9:
We know additive inverse of a matrix is its negative.
Additive inverse of A =  A    6  5    6 5 
 2 0   2 0 
Additive inverse of B = B     
 4 1  4 1
 7   7 
Additive inverse of C = C       
 4   4

Question 10:
Given A =  2 3  , B =  0 2  and C =  1 4  ; Find the matrix X in each of the following:
(i) X + B = C – A
(ii) A – X = B + C
Solution 10:
(i) X + B = C – A
X  0 2   1 4  2 3
X  0 2   1 2 4  3   3 7
X   3 7  0 2   3  0 7  2    3 5
(ii) A – X = B + C
2 3  X  0 2   1 4
2 3  X  0  1 2  4
2 3  X   1 6
2 3   1 6  X
X  2  1  3  6  3 9

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 11:
 1 0   3 3 
Given A =   and B =   ; find the matrix X in each of the following:
 2 4   2 0 
(i) A +X = B (ii) A – X = B (iii) X – B = A
Solution 11:
(i) A + X = B
X =B–A
 3 3   1 0   3  1 3  0   4 3 
X    
 2 0   2 4   2  2 0  4   4 4 
(ii) A – X = B
X=A–B
 1 0   3 3  1 3 0 3   4 3 
X     
 2 4  2 0   2 2 4 0   4 4 
(iii) X – B = A
X=A+B
 1 0   3 3   1 3 0  3  2 3 
X    
 2 4   2 0   2 2 4  0  0 4 

EXERCISE. 9 (B)
Question 1:
Evaluate:
(i) 3 5 2
 1 2
(ii) 7  
 0 1
 1 0  3 3 
(iii) 2   
 2 3  5 0
3  8
(iv) 6    2  
 2 1
Solution 1:
(i) 3 5 2  15 6 
 1 2  7 14
(ii) 7   
 0 1  0 7 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 1 0  3 3   2 0  3 3   2 3 0 3   1 3 
(iii) 2       
 2 3  5 0   4 6  5 0   4 5 6 0  9 6 
3  8  18   16  18 16  34 
(iv) 6    2        
 2  1   12  2   12 2   14

Question 2:
Find x and y if:
(i) 3  4 x   2  y 3   10 0 
 1  2  7 
(ii) x    4     
2  y   8
Solution 2:
(i) 3  4 x   2  y 3  10 0
12 3x   2y 6  10 0
12  2y 3x  6  10 0
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
12 + 2y = 10 and 3x − 6 = 0
Simplifying, we get, y = −1 and x = 2.
 1  2  7 
(ii) x    4     
2  y   8 
  x   8   7 
 2x    4y    8 
     
 x  8   7 
2x  4y    8 
   
Comparing corresponding the elements, we get,
−x + 8 = 7 and 2x − 4y = −8
Simplifying, we get,
5
x = 1 and y = = 2.5
2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 3:
2 1 1 1 3 1
Given A = 2 3  ; find
3 0 5 2 0 0
(i) 2A – 3B + C (ii) A + 2C – B
Solution 3:
(i) 2A − 3B + C
2 1 1 1 3 1
2 3 
3 0 5 2 0 0
 4 2  3 3   3 1
   
 6 0  15 6   0 0 
 4  3  3 2  3  1
 
6  15  0 0  6  0 
 2 2 
 
 9 6 
(ii) A + 2C – B
2 1 3 1 1 1
 2 
3 0 0 0 5 2
2 1  6 2  1 1
  
3 0  0 0  5 2
2  6  1 1 2  1

305 002
 5 2
 
 2 2

Question 4:
 4 2  2 2
If    3A    ; find A.
4 0   1 3 
Solution 4:
 4 2  2 2 
 4 0   3A   1 3 
   
 2 2   4 2
3A    
 1 3   4 0 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 2  4 2  2
3A  
 14 3  0 
 6 0 
3A   
 3 3 
1  6 0   2 0 
A 
3  3 3   1 1

Question 5:
1 4  4 1
Given A=   and B =  3 2
2 3   
(i) find the matrix 2A+B
(ii) find a matrix C such that:
0 0 
CB   
0 0 
Solution 5:
 1 4  4 1  2 8   4 1 2  4 8  1  2 7 
(i) 2       
2 3   3 2  4 6   3 2  4  3 6  2  1 4 
0 0 
(ii) C  B   
0 0 
0 0  0 0   4 1 0  4 0  1 4 1
C    B  0 0    3 2  0  3 0  2  3 2
0 0         

Question 6:
3 x   1 3  z 7
If 2   3   ; find the values of x, y and z.
0 1  y 2 15 8 
Solution 6:
3 x  1 3  z 7
2  3 
0 1 y 2 15 8 
6 2x   3 9   z 7 
0 2   3y 
6  15 8 
  

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 9 2x  9   z 7
3y 
 8  15 8 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
2x + 9 = −7  2x = −16  x = −8
3y = 15  y = 5
z=9

Question 7:
 3 6  t
Given A=   and A is its transpose matrix Find:
 0 9 
i 2A  3A t
 ii 2A t  3A
1 1
(iii) A  At
2 3
1
(iv) A t  A
3
Solution 7:
 3 6 
A 
 0 9 
 3 0 
At   
 6 9 
i 2A  3A t
 3 6   3 0 
 2  3 
 0 9   6 9 
 6 12   9 0 
  
 0 18  18 27 
 15 12 
 
 18 45 
ii 2A t  3A
 3 0   3 6 
 2  3 
 6 9   0 9 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 6 0   9 18 
  
12 18   0 27 
 3 18 
 
12 9 
1 1
(iii) A  A t
2 3
1  3 6  1  3 0 
  
2  0 9  3  6 9 
 3 
2 3 
 1 0 
  
 0 9   2 3 
 2 
 1 
2 3 
 
 2 3 
 2 
1
(iv) A t  A
3
 3 0  1  3 6 
   
 6 9  3  0 9 
 3 0   1 2 
  
 6 9   0 3 
 2 2 
 
 6 6 

Question 8:
 1 1 2 1
Given A =   and B = 1 1 
 2 0   
(i) X + 2A = B
(ii) 3X + B + 2A = 0
(iii) 3A – 2X = X – 2B
Solution 8:
i X  2A  B
X  B  2A

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2 1  1 1
X   2 
1 1   2 0 
2 1  2 2
X  
 1 1   4 0 
0 3 
X 
5 1 
ii
3X  B  2A  O
3X   2A  B
 1 1 2 1
3x  2   
 2 0   1 1 
 2 2  2 1
3x   
4 0   1 1 
 4 1
3x  
3 1
 4 1
3 3
x 
 1 1
 3 
iii 3A  2X  X  2B
3A  2B  X  2X
3X  3A  2B
 1 1 2 1
3x  3    2 
 2 0  1 1 
 3 3   4 2
3x    
 6 0   2 2 
 7 1
3x   
 4 2
7 1
3 3
x 
 4 2
 3 3 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 9:
0   1
If M =   and N =   , show that;
 1 0 
5 
3M  5N=  
3 
Solution 9:
3M  5N
0   1
 3  5 
 1 0 
0  5 
  
3  0 
5 
 
3 

Question 10:
If I is the unit matrix of order 2 × 2; find the matrix M, such that;
 1 0
i M  2I  3 
4 1
2 5
ii 5M  3I  4 
0 3
Solution 10:
 1 0 
iM  2I  3  
 4 1
 1 0 
M  3   2I
 4 1
 1 0  1 0
M  3   2 
 4 1  0 1
 3 0  2 0 
M  
12 3  0 2
 1 0 
M  
12 5 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2 5 
ii
5M  3I  4  
0 3 
2 5 
5M  4    3I
0 3 
2 5  1 0
5M  4   3 
0 3  0 1
8 20  3 0 
5M    
0 12  0 3 
5 20 
5M  
0 15 
1 5 20   1 4 
M  
5 0 15  0 3 

Question 11:
 1 4 3 2 
If    2M  3   , Find the matrix M.
 2 3  0 3
Solution 11:
 1 4 3 2 
 2 3   2M  3 0 3
   
9 6   1 4   8 2 
 2M     
0 9  2 3  2 12
4 1 
M  
 1 6 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

EXERCISE. 9 (C)

Question 1:
Evaluate; if possible
2
(i) 3 2  
0 
 2 3 
(ii) 1 2  
 1 4 
6 4   1
(iii)   
3 1  3 
6 4 
(iv)    1 3
3 1
Solution 1:
 2
(i) 3 2    6  0  6
0 
 2 3 
(ii) 1 2     2  2 3  8  0 5
 1 4 

6 4   1  6  12  6 
(iii)       
3 1  3   3  3   6
6 4 
(iv)    1 3
3 1
The number of columns in the first matrix is not equal to the number of rows in the second
matrix. Thus, the product is not possible.

Question 2:
0 2   1 1
If A =   = 3 2  and I is a unit matrix of order 2 × 2, find;
5 2  
(i) AB (ii) BA (iii) AI (iv) IB (v) A2 (vi) B2
Solution 2:
0 2   1 1
(i) AB    
5 2 3 2 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

0  6 0  4 
 
5  6 5  4 
6 4 
 
 1 9 
 1 1 0 2 
(ii)BA    
3 2  5 2
 0  5 2  2
 
0  10 6  4 
 5 4 
 
10 2 
0 2   1 0 
(iii) AI    
5 2 0 1
0  0 0  2 
 
5  0 0  2 
0 2 
5 2  A
 
 1 0   1 1
(iv) IB    
0 1 3 21
 1  0 1  0 
 
0  3 0  2 
 1 1
3 2   B
 
0 2  0 2 
(v) A 2    
5 2 5 2
0  10 0  4 
 
0  10 10  4 
 10 4 
 
 10 14 
 1 1  1 1
(vi)B2    
3 2  3 2 
 1  3 1  2 
 
3  6 3  4 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 2 3 

9 1 
 2 3  0 2 
B2 A  
9 1  5 2
0  15 4  6 
 
 0  5 18  2 
 15 2 
 
 5 16 

Question 3:
2 1 
If M =   ; find M2 , M3 and M5 .
 1 2
Solution 3:
2 1 
M  
 1 2
2 1  2 1   4  1 2  2  5 0 
M2     
 1 2  1 2 2  2 1  4  0 5 
2 1  5 0  10  0 0  5  10 5 
M3  MM2    
1 2 0 5  5  0 0  10  5 10
5 0 10 5  50  0 25  0  50 25 
M5  M2 .M3    
0 5  5 10 0  25 0  50  25 50 

Question 4:
Find X and y, if:
 4 3x  5  y 
(i)      
 x 2  1 8 
 x 0  1 1  2 2 
(ii)    
 3 1 0 y   3 2
Solution 4:
 4 3x  5   y 
(i)      
 x 2  1 8 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

20  3x   y 
 5x  2   8 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
5x − 2 = 8  x = 2
20 + 3x = y  y = 20 + 6 = 26
 x 0   1 1  2 2 
(ii)    
 3 1 0 y   3 2
 x0 x0   2 2 
 3  0 3  y    3 2
   
x x  2 2
 3 3  y    3 2
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
x=2
−3 + y = −2  y = 1

Question 5:
1 3  1 2 4 3
If A =  ,B =  4 3  and C =  1 2 , find; (i) (AB) C (ii)) A(BC) Is A(BC) = (AB)C?
2 4     
Solution 5:
 1 3   1 2  1  12 2  9  13 11
(i) AB      
2 4  4 3 2  16 4  12 18 16
13 11  4 3  52  11 39  22 63 61
(AB)C      
18 16  1 2 72  16 54  32 88 86

1 2  4 3   4  2 3  4   6 7 
(ii)BC    
4 3  1 2 16  3 12  6 19 18
1 3   6 7   6  57 7  54  63 61
A(BC)    
2 4  19 18  12  76 14  72 88 86 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 6:
0 1
0 4 6   1
Given A =   and B =  2  , find if possible:
3 0 1  5 6 
(i) AB (ii) BA (iii) A2
Solution 6:
0 1
0 4 6  
(i) AB     1 2 
3 0 1  5 6 
 
0  4  30 0  8  36 

 005 3  0  6 
 34 28 

 5 9 
0 1
0 4 6 
(ii) BA   1 2  
 3 0 1
 5 6 
 03 00 0 1 
  0  6 4  0 6  2 
0  18 20  0 30  6 

 3 0 1 

 6 4 8 
 18 20 24 
(iii) Product AA (=A2 ) is not possible as the number of columns of matrix A is not equal to its
number of rows.

Question 7:
 2 1
 1 2 1 3 2 
If A =   and B =  ;
2 1 3   1 1
(i) Write down the product matrix AB.
(ii) would it be possible to form the product matrix BA? If so, compute BA; if not give a reason
why it is not possible.

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 7:
 2 1
 1 2 1 
(i) AB     3 2
 2 1 3   1 1
 
 2  6  1 1 4  1 
 
4  3  3 2  2  3
 3 2
 
10 7 
(ii) Product BA is possible
 2 1
 1 2 1 
BA  3 2  
 2 1 3 
 1 1

 2  2 4  1 2  3 
 3  4 6  2 3  6 
 1  2 2  1 1  3 

 4 3 5 
 7 4 9 
3 1 4 

Question 8:
 1 2
If M =   and I is a unit matrix of the same order as that of M; show that:
 2 1
M2 = 2M + 3I
Solution 8:
1 2  1 2
M2  
2 1 2 1
1  4 2  2

2  2 4  1
5 4 
 
4 5 
 1 2  1 0
2M  3I  2    3 
2 1 0 1

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2 4  3 0 
 
4 2  0 3 
5 4

4 5 
Hence, M2 = 2M + 3I.

Question 9:
a 0  0 b 1 1 2
If A =  ,B = 1 0  , M = 1 1  and BA = M , find the values of a and b.
0 2     
Solution 9:
0 b a 0
BA    
 1 0  0 2 
0  0 0  2b 
 
a  0 0  0 
0 2b 
 
a 0 
1 1 1 1
M2    
1 1  1 1 
1  1 1  1
 
1  1 1  1
0 2
 
2 0 
Given, BA  M2
0 2b  0 2
a 0    2 0 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
a=2
−2b = −2 ⟹ b = 1

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 10:
 4 1  1 0
Given A =   and B =   , find:
2 3  2 1
(i) A – B (ii) A2 (iii) AB (iv) A2 -AB+2B
Solution 10:
 4 1  1 0 3 1
(i) A  B     
 2 3   2 1  4 2
 4 1  4 1
(ii) A 2    
2 3 2 3
16  2 4  3 
 
 8  6 2  9
18 7 
 
14 11
 4 1  1 0 
(iii) AB    
 2 3   2 1
 4  2 0  1
 
2  6 0  3
 2 1
 
 4 3 
(iv) A 2  AB  2B
18 7  2 1  1 0
   2
14 11  4 3  
 2 1
16 6  2 0
 
18 8   4 2
18 6

14 10 

Question 11:
1 4  1 2
If A =   and B =   ; find:
1 3   1 1
(i) (A + B)2 (ii) A2 + B2 (iii) Is (A + B)2 = A2 + B2 ?

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 11:
1 4   1 2  2 6 
(i) A  B     
1 3   1 1 0 4
2 6  2 6 
(A  B)2    
0 4  0 4 
 4  0 12  24 
 
0  0 0  16 
 4 12
 
0 16 
1 4  1 4 
(ii) A 2    
1 3  1 3 
1  4 4  12 
 
1  3 4  9 
 5 8 
 2 13 
 
 1 2  1 2 
B2    
 1 1  1 1
 1 2 2  2 
 
 1  1 2  1
 1 0 
 
 0 1
 5 8   1 0 
A 2  B2    
 2 13   0 1
 4 8 
 
 2 12 
(iii) Clearly, (A + B)2 ≠ A2 + B2

Question 12:
2 1 1
Find the matrix A, If B =   and B2  B  A
0 1 2
Solution 12:
1
B2  B  A
2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

1
A  B2  B
2

A  2 B2  B 
2 1 2 1
B2  
0 1 0 1
4  0 2  1

0  0 0  1
4 3
 
 0 1
 4 3  2 1
B2  B    
0 1 0 1
2 2
 
0 0 

 A  2 B2  B 
2 2  4 4 
 2  
0 0   0 0 

Question 13:
 1 1
If A =   and A2 = I; find a and b.
 a b
Solution 13:
 1 1
A 
 a b
 1 1  1 1
A2    
 a b  a b
 1 a 1  b 
 2
 a  ab a  b 

It is given that A2 = I.

 1 a 1  b   1 0 
  2 
 a  ab a  b  0 1

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,

1+a=1
Therefore, a = 0
−1 + b = 0
Therefore, b = 1

Question 14:
 2 1 2 3 1 4
If A =   ,B=   and C = 0 2  ; then show that:
0 0   4 1  
(i) A(B + C) = AB + AC
(ii) (B – A)C = BC – AC
Solution 14:
2 3 1 4  3 7 
(i) B  C    
4 1 0 2   4 3 
2 1  3 7
A(B  C)  
0 0   4 3 
6  4 14  3  10 17 
 
 0 0   0 0 
2 1  2 3   4  4 6  1 8 7 
AB     
 0 0   4 1  0 0  0 0 
2 1  1 4  2  0 8  2  2 10 
AC     
0 0  0 2   0 0  0 0 
8 7  2 10  10 17 
AB  AC     
0 0  0 0   0 0 
Hence, A(B  C)  AB  AC
2 3  2 1  0 2 
(ii)B  A    
4 1 0 0   4 1
0 2  1 4
(B  A)C  
4 1 0 2 
 0 0  4  0 4 
  
 4  0 16  2  4 18 
 2 3   1 4   2  0 8  6   2 14 
BC      
 4 1 0 2   4  0 16  2  4 18 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

2 1  1 4  2  0 8  2  2 10 
AC     
0 0  0 2   0 0  0 0 
 2 14  2 10  0 4 
BC  AC     
 4 18  0 0   4 18 
Hence,B  A  C  BC  AC

Question 15:
1 4  3 2 1 0 2
If A =  , B =  4 0 , C = 0 2 , simplify: A + BC
 2 1     
Solution 15:
 1 4   1 4   1  8 4  4  9 8 
A2      
 2 1  2 1  2  2 8  1   4 9 
 3 2  1 0   3  0 0  4   3 4 
BC      
 4 0  0 2   4  0 0  0   4 0 
9 8  3 4 6 12
A 2  BC     
 4 9   4 0  8 9 

Question 16:
Solve for x and y:
2 5   x   7
(i)      
5 2  y  14 
3 1  2  x 
(ii)      
2 1  4   y 
 1 2
(iii)  x  y x  4     7 11
2 2
Solution 16:
2 5   x   7 
(i)      
5 2   y  14 
2x  5y   7 
5x  2y   14 
   

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,

2x + 5y = −7 ...(1)
5x + 2y = 14 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) with 2 and (2) with 5, we get,
4x + 10y = −14 ...(3)
25x + 10y = 70 ...(4)
Subtracting (3) from (4), we get,
21x = 84 ⟹ x = 4
From (2), 2y = 14 − 5x = 14 − 20 = −6 ⟹ y = −3
3 1  2  x 
(ii)      
2 1  4   y 
 6 4   x 
 4 4    y 
   
 10   x 
 8    y 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
x = −10 and y = −8
 1 2
(iii)  x  y x  4     7 11
2 2
 x  y  2x  8  2x  2y  2x  8  7 11
 y  x  8  2y  8   7 11
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
3
−2y − 8 = −11 ⟹ −2y = −3 ⟹ y = 2
−y + x − 8 = −7
3
   x  8  7
2
3 5
 x  1 
2 2

Question 17:
In each case given below, find:
(a) the order of matrix M.
(b) the matrix M.
 1 1
(i) M     1 2
0 2 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 1 4 13 
(ii)   M   
 2 1 5
Solution 17:
We know, the product of two matrices is defined only when the number of columns of first
matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix.
(i) Let the order of matrix M be a × b.
 1 1
Mab     1 212
0 2 22
Clearly, the order of matrix M is 1 × 2.
Let M  a b
 1 1
M    1 2
0 2 
 1 1
a b     1 2
0 2 
a  0 a  2b  1 2
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
1
a = 1 and a + 2b = 2 ⟹ 2b = 2 − 1 = 1 ⟹ b = 2
 1
 M  a b  1
 2 
(ii) Let the order of matrix M be a x b.
1 4 13 
2 1  Mab   5 
  22   21
Clearly, the order of matrix M is 2 x 1.
a 
Let M   
b 
1 4 13 
 2 1  M   5 
   
 1 4  a  13 
 2 1   b    5 
     
a  4b  13 
 2a  b    5 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
a + 4b = 13 ....(1)
2a + b = 5 ....(2)

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Multiplying (2) by 4, we get,

8a + 4b = 20 ....(3)
Subtracting (1) from (3), we get,
7a = 7 ⟹ a = 1
From (2), we get,
b = 5 − 2a = 5 − 2 = 3
a   1
M      
b  3 

Question 18:
2 x   4 36  2
If A =   and B = 0 1  ; find the value of x, given that: A = B
0 1  
Solution 18:
2 x  2 x   4  0 2x  x  4 3x 
A2      
0 1 0 1 0  0 0  1  0 1 
Given, A 2  B
 4 3x   4 36 
0 1   0 1 
   
Comparing the two matrices, we get,
3x = 36  x = 12

Question 19:
Find the positive integers p and q such that:
p 
p q    25
 q
Solution 19:
p 
p q    25
 q
p 2  q2    25 
 p 2  q2  25
Since, p and q are positive integers, and (3)2 + (4)2 = 9 + 16 = 25.
Hence, p = 3 and q = 4 or p = 4 and q = 3

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 20:
If A and B are any two 2 × 2 matrices such that AB = BA = B and B is not a zero matrix, what
can you say about the matrix A?
Solution 20:
AB = BA = B
We know that AI = IA = I, where I is the identity matrix.
Hence, B is the identity matrix.

Question 21:
3 0  a b 
Given A =  , B= 0 c  and that AB = A + B; find the values of a, b and c.
0 4   
Solution 21:
3 0  a b  3a  0 3b  0  3a 3b 
AB      
0 4 0 c   0  0 0  4c   0 4c 
 3 0   a b  3  a b 
A B      
0 4  0 c   0 4  c 
Given, AB = A+B
3a 3b  3  a b 
  
 0 4c   0 4  c 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
3a = 3 + a
⟹ 2a = 3
3
⟹a=2
3b = b ⟹ b = 0
4
4c = 4 + c ⟹ 3c = 4 ⟹ c = 3

Question 22:
1 2  1 0
If P =   and Q =   , then compute:
2 1  2 1
(i) P2 – Q2 (ii) (P + Q) (P – Q) Is (P + Q) (P – Q) = P2 – Q2 true for matrix algebra?
Solution 22:
 1 2   1 2   1  4 2  2  5 0 
(i) P2      
2 1 2 1 2  2 4  1 0 5

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 1 0  1 0  1  0 0  0  1 0
Q2      
2 1 2 1 2  2 0  1  4 1
5 0   1 0   4 0 
P 2  Q2     
0 5   4 1  4 4 
 1 2   1 0   2 2
PQ     
2 1 2 1  4 0 
 1 2   1 0  0 2 
PQ     
2 1 2 1 0 2
 2 2  0 2   0  0 4  4   0 0 
(P  Q)(P  Q)      
 4 0  0 2 0  0 8  0  0 8 
Clearly, it can be said that:
(P + Q) (P − Q) = P2 − Q2 not true for matrix algebra.

Question 23:
Given the matrices:
 2 1 3 4   3 1 
A=   ,B=   and C =   . Find:
 4 2  1 2  0 2
(i) ABC (ii) ACB state whether ABC = ACB.
Solution 23:
2 1  3 4   6  1 8  2   5 6 
(i) AB    
4 2  1 2 12  2 16  4  10 12
5 6   3 1   15  0 5  12   15 7 
ABC    
10 12  0 2  30  0 10  24   30 14 
2 1  3 1   6  0 2  2   6 0 
(ii) AC    
4 2  0 2  12  0 4  4   12 0 
 6 0   3 4   18  0 24  0   18 24 
ACB      
 12 0  1 2  36  0 48  0  36 48 
Hence, ABC = ACB.

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 24:
1 2 6 1  2 3 
If A =   ,B=   and C =   ; find each of the following and state if they are
3 4   1 1 0 1
equal:
(i) CA + B (ii) A + CB
Solution 24:
 2 3   1 2   2  9 4  12  11 16 
(i) CA    
0 1  3 4   0  3 0  4   3 4 
 11 16 6 1  5 15
CA  B    
 3 4   1 1  4 5 
 2 3 6 1  12  3 2  3  15 5
(ii)CB    
0 1   1 1  0  1 0  1   1 1 
 1 2  15 5  14 3
A  CB    
3 4   1 1   4 5 
Thus, CA + B ≠ A + CB

Question 25:
 2 1  3 
If A =   and B =  11 ; find the matrix X such that AX = B.
1 3  
Solution 25:
Let the order of the matrix X be a × b
AX=B
2 1  3 
 1 3   Xab   11
  22   21
Clearly, the order of matrix X is 2 x 1.
x
Let X   
y
 2 1  x   3 
 1 3    y    11
     
2x  y   3 
 x  3y    11
   
Comparing the two matrices, we get,
2x + y = 3 … (1)

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

x + 3y = − 11 … (2)
Multiplying (1) with 3, we get,
6x + 3y = 9 … (3)
Subtracting (2) from (3), we get,
5x = 20
x=4
From (1), we have:
y = 3 − 2x = 3 − 8 = −5
4
x   
 5 

Question 26:
 4 2
If A =   , find (A – 2I) (A – 3I)
 1 1
Solution 26:
4 2 1 0 4 2  2 0  2 2 
A  2I     2   
1 1 0 1  1 1 0 2  1 1
4 2 1 0  4 2 3 0 1 2 
A  3I    3   
1 1 0 1  1 1 0 3 1 2
2 2  1 2 
 A  2I A  3I    
 1 1 1 2
2  2 4  4 
 
 1 1 2  2
4 0 
 
0 4 

Question 27:
2 1 1
If A =   , Find:
0 1 2
(i) At. A (ii) A . At
Where At is the transpose of matrix A.

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Solution 27:
2 1 1
A
0 1 2 
2 0

A 1
t
1 
 1 2

2 0
 2 1 1
(i)A .A   1
t
1  
1 2
 1 2 
0

 40 20 2  0 
  2  0 1 1 1  2 
 2  0 1  2 1  4 
 4 2 2 
  2 2 3 
 2 3 5 
2 0
2 1 1 
(ii) A.A  
t
  1 1 
0 1 2 
 1 2
 4  1 1 0  1 2
 
0  1  2 0  1  4 
6 3 
 
3 5 

Question 28:
 4 1
If M =   , show that : 6M – M2 = 9I; where I is a 2 × 2 unit matrix.
 1 2
Solution 28:
 4 1  4 1  16  1 4  2  15 6
M2      
 1 2  1 2  4  2 1  4  6 3 
 4 1 15 6 
6M  M2  6   
 1 2  6 3 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

24 6  15 6 
 
 6 12  6 3 
9 0

0 9 
 1 0
 9   9
0 1
Hence Proved.

Question 29:
2 6  3 x 
If P =   and Q =  y 2  ; find x and y such that PQ = null matrix.
3 9   
Solution 29:
2 6 3 x  6  6y 2x  12
PQ     
3 9   y 2 9  9y 3x  18 
PQ = Null matrix
6  6y 2x  12 0 0 
  
9  9y 3x  18  0 0 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
2x + 12 = 0
Therefore x = − 6
6 + 6y = 0
Therefore y = − 1

Question 30:
Evaluate:
2cos 60 2 sin30   cot 45 cos ec30 
  
  tan 45 cos0  sec 60 sin90 
Solution 30:
2cos 60 2 sin30   cot 45 cos ec30 
  
  tan 45 cos0  sec 60 sin90 
 1 1
 2 2    1 2
 2 
 2 1
2

 1 1 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 1 1  1 2
  
 1 1  2 1
 1 2 2 1 
 
 1  2 2  1
 1 1 
 
 1 1

Question 31:
State with reason whether the following are true or false. A, B and C are matrices of order 2 ×
2.
(i) A + B = B + A
(ii) A – B = B – A
(iii) (B . C). A = B . (C . A)
(iv) (A + B) . C = A . C + B . C
(v) A. (B – C) = A . B – A . C
(vi) (A – B) . C = A . C – B . C
(vii) A2 – B2 = (A + B) (A – B)
(viii) (A – B)2 = A2 – 2A . B + B2
Solution 31:
(i) True.
Addition of matrices is commutative.
(ii) False.
Subtraction of matrices is commutative.
(iii) True.
Multiplication of matrices is associative.
(iv) True.
Multiplication of matrices is distributive over addition.
(v) True.
Multiplication of matrices is distributive over subtraction.
(vi) True.
Multiplication of matrices is distributive over subtraction.
(vii) False.
Laws of algebra for factorization and expansion are not applicable to matrices.
(viii) False.
Laws of algebra for factorization and expansion are not applicable to matrices.

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

EXERCISE 9 (D)

Question 1:
Find x and y, if :-
 3 2 2x   4   2
 1 4   1   2 5  4 y
      
Solution 1:
 3 2 2x   4   2
 1 4   1   2  5   4  y 
      
 6x 2  8  8 
 2x 4  10    4y 
     
 6x  10   8 
 2x  14   4y 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
6x − 10 = 8
⟹ 6x = 18
⟹x=3
− 2x + 14 = 4y
⟹ 4y = − 6+ 14 = 8
⟹y=2

Question 2:
Find x and y, if:
1 4
3x 8    3 2 7  5 3 2y 
3 7 
Solution 2:
1 4
3x 8    3 2 7  5 3 2y 
3 7 
3x  24 12x  56  6 21  15 10y 
3x  24  6 12x  56  21  15 10y 
3x  18 12x  77  15 10y 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
3x + 18 = 15

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

3x = −3
x = −1
12x + 77 = 10y
10y = −12 + 77 = 65
y = 6.5

Question 3:
x 2x 
If  x y     25 and   x y      2 ; find x and y, if:
y y
(i) x , y 𝛆 w (whole numbers)
(ii) x , y 𝛆 z (integers)
Solution 3:
x
x y      25 
y
x  y  25
2 2

and
2x 2  y 2  2
(i) x, y Î W (whole numbers)
It can be observed that the above two equations are satisfied when x = 3 and y = 4.
(ii) x, y Î Z (integers)
It can be observed that the above two equations are satisfied when x = ±3 and y = ± 4.

Question 4:
 2 1 7 
Given   . X =   Write:
 3 4  6 
(i) the order of the matrix X
(ii) the matrix X.
Solution 4:
(i) let the order of matrix X be a × b
 2 1 7 
   Xab   
 3 4  22 6  21
⇒ a = 2 and b = 1
The order of the matrix X = a × b = 2 × 1

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

x
(ii) Let X =  
y
 2 1  x  7   2x  y  7 
          
 3 4   y  6   3x  4y  6
⇒ 2x + y = 7 and – 3x + 4y = 6
On solving the above simultaneous equations
In x and y, we have, x = 2 and y = 3
 x   2
 The matrix X =     
 y  3 

Question 5:
 cos 45 sin30  sin 45 cos90 
Evaluate:   
 2 cos0 sin0   sin90 cot 45 
Solution 5:
 cos 45 sin30  sin 45 cos90 
  
 2 cos0 sin0   sin90 cot 45 
1 1 1
0
 2 2 2
2 0 1 1
1 1 1
 0
 2 2 2
1 0 0  0
1 0.5

1 0

Question 6:
0 1  5 
If A =   , B =   and 3A × M = 2B; find matrix M.
 4 3  6
Solution 6:
Let the order of matrix M be a × b.
3A × M = 2B

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

0 1  5 
3   Mab  2  
 4 3  22  6  21
Clearly, the order of matrix M is 2 × 1
x 
let M   
 y
then,
 0 1  x   5 
3      2 
 4 3   y  6
 0 3   x   10 
12 9    y    12 
     
 0  3y   10 
12x  9y    12 
   
 3y   10 
12x  9y    12 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
− 3y = −10
10
⟹y= 3
⇒ 12x – 9y = 12
⇒ 12x – 30 = 12
7
⇒x=
2

7
2
∴ M=  
 10 
 3 

Question 7:
a 3 2 b   1 1 5 0
If      , find the values of a, b and c.
 4 1  1 2  2 c  7 3 
Solution 7:
a 3 2 b   1 1 5 0
 4 1   1 2   2 c   7 3 
       

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 a  1 2  b  5 0 
 7 
 1  c  7 3 
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
a+1=5⇒a=4
2 + b = 0 ⇒ b = −2
−1 − c = 3 ⇒ c = −4

Question 8:
 1 2 2 1
If a =   ,B    ; find :
2 1  1 2
(i) A(BA) (ii) (AB)B
Solution 8:
 1 2 2 1
A  ,B   
2 1  1 2
(i)
2 1  1 2 
BA  
1 2 2 1
2  2 4  1

1  4 2  2 
4 5 
 
5 4 
 1 2  4 5 
A(BA)    
2 1 5 4 
 4  10 5  8 
 
 8  5 10  4 
14 13 
 
13 14 
(ii)
1 2 2 1
AB  
2 1  1 2
2  2 1 4 

4 1 2  2 
4 5 
 
5 4 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 4 5  2 1
(AB)B    
5 4   1 2
 8  5 4  10 
 
10  4 5  8 
13 14 
 
14 13 

Question 9:
 x 3x  2  5 
Find x and y, if :      
 y 4y   1 12
Solution 9:
 x 3x  2  5 
 y 4y   1  12
    
 2x  3x   5 
2y  4y   12 
   
5x   5 
6y   12
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
5x = 5⟹ x = 1
6y = 12 ⟹ y = 2

Question 10:
 3 4   2  10 
If matrix X =     and 2X – 3Y =  8  ; find the matrix ‘X’ and matrix ‘Y’
 2 3  2  
Solution 10:
 3 4   2 
X  
 2 3  2
 6  8 
 
 46 
 14 
 
 10 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

10 
Given, 2X 3Y   
 8 
 14  10 
2   3Y   8 
 10   
 14  10 
3Y  2   
 10   8 
 28  10 
3Y    
 20   8 
 38 
3Y   
 28 
1  38 
Y 
3  28 

Question 11:
2 1  3 2 1 0
Given A =   ,B=   and C = 0 2 ; find the matrix X such that:
2 0   4 0  
A + X = 2B + C
Solution 11:
Given, A + X = 2B + C
2 1  3 2  1 0
 2 0   X  2  4 0   0 2 
     
2 1  6 4   1 0 
 2 0   X   8 0   0 2 
     
2 1  5 4 
2 0   X   8 2 
   
 5 4  2 1
X 
8 2  2 0 
 7 5
X
6 2

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 12:
Find the value of x, given that A2 = B,
2 12 4 x 
A=   and B =  
0 1   0 1
Solution 12:
2 12
A 
0 1 
2 12 2 12  4  0 24  12 4 36 
A2     
0 1   0 1   0  0 0  1  0 1 
Given, A2 = B
 4 36   4 x 
  
 0 1   0 1
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
x = 36

Question 13:
2 5  4 2 t
If A =   , B=   and I is the identity matric of the same order and A is the
1 3  1 3 
transpose of matrix A, find At .B + BI
Solution 13:
Transpose of a matrix is the matrix obtained on
Interchanging its rows and columns
2 5   2 1
Thus, if A =   , then At =  
1 3 5 3 
1 0
Identify matrix of order 2 is I =  
 0 1
Two matrices can be multiplied together if and only
If the number of columns in the first matrix is equal
To the number of rows in B square matrices
Since the matrices At and B are square matrices
The condition of compatibility for multiplication of matrices is satisfied.
Let us compute At B.
2 1  4 2
At B =   
5 3   1 3 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 8  1 4  3 
⟹ At B =  
20  3 10  9 
 7 1
⟹ At B =  
17 1
Since I is identity matrix for multiplication
We have BI = B = IB
Two matrices are compatible for addition, only
When they have the same order
Both At B and BI are of the same order
Hence matrix addition is possible
Thus,
 7 1  4 2 
A t B  BI    
17 1  1 3 
 7  4 1  2 
 
17  1 1  3 
11 3 
 
16 2 

Question 14:
2 6  3 2 4 0
Given A =   ,B=   ,C=   . Find the matrix X such that A + 2X = 2B +
2 0   4 0 0 2
C.
Solution 14:
3 4   1 y   7 0 
Given 2    
5 x  0 1 10 5
 6 8   1 y   7 0
   
10 2x  0 1 10 5
 7 8  y   7 0
  
10 2x  1 10 5
On comparing, corresponding elements,
8 + y = 0 ⇒y = ?8
2x + 1 = 5 ⇒ 2x = 5 − 1 ⇒ 2x = 4 ⇒ x = 2
Hence, x = 2, y = −8

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 15:
 4 2  0 2   2 3 
Let A =   , B =  and C =   , Find A2 – A + BC
 6 3   1 1  1 1
Solution 15:
 4 2  4 2 16  12 8  6   4 2
A2      
6 3 6 3 24  18 12  9 6 3
0 2   2 3   0  2 0  2  2 2
BC      
 1 1  1 1  2  1 3  1  3 4 
 4 2  4 2  2 2
A 2  A  BC     
6 3 6 3  3 4 
0 0   2 2
  
 0 0   3 4 
 2 2 
 
 3 4 

Question 16:
 1 0  2 3
Let A =   ,B   2
 , Find A + AB + B
2
 2 1  1 0 
Solution 16:
1 0  2 3
A  ,B   
 2 1  1 0 
1 0 1 0
A2  A  A    
 2 1  2 1
1 1  0  2 1 0  0  1  1 0 
  
2  1  1 2 2  0  1 1 4 1
1 0  2 3
AB  A  B    
2 1  1 0 
 12  0   1 1 3  0  0 
 
2  2  1  1 2  3  1 0 
2 3 
 
3 6 
2 3  2 3
B2  B  B   
 1 0  1 0

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

 2  2  3   1 23  30 

 
 1  2  0   1 1 3  0  0 
1 6
 
 2 3 
 1 0  2 3   1 6 
 A 2  AB  B2     
 4 1 3 6   2 3 
4 9 
 
5 4 

Question 17:
 3 a  c 4  1 4 
If A =   ,B=   C=   and 3A – 2C = 6B, find the values of a, b and c.
 4 8  3 0   3 b
Solution 17:
3A  2C  6B
3 a  1
4  c 4
3   2   6 
 4 8 3 b  3 0 
 9 3a   2 8   6c 24 
 12  
 24   62b   18 0 
 11 3a  8   6c 24 
 18 24  2b    18 0 
   
Comparing the corresponding elements, we get,
32 2
3a − 8 = 24 ⟹ 3a = 32 ⟹ a =  10
3 3
24 − 2b = 0 ⟹ 2b = 24 ⟹ b = 12
11 5
11 = 6c ⟹ c = 1
6 6

Question 18:
p 0  0 q 2 2 2
Given A =  ,B= 1 0  C = 2 2  and BA = C . Find the values of p and q.
0 2     
Solution 18:
p 0  0 q 2 2
A  B  1 0  ,C  2 2 
0 2     

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

0 q p 0 0 2q
BA    
 1 0  0 2 p 0 
2 2 2 2 0 8 
C2    
 2 2   2 2  8 0 
0 2q 0 8 
BA  C2   
p 0   8 0 
By comparing,
−2q = −8 ⟹ q = 4
And p = 8

Question 19:
 3 2 6   4  2
Given A =  ,B=  1 , C =  5  and D =  2  . Find : AB + 2C − 4D
 1 4       
Solution 19:
 3 2  6  18  2  16 
AB        
 1 4   1  6  4   2 
16   8  8  0 
 AB  2C  4D            
 2 10  8  0 

Question 20:
 4 sin30 2cos 60   4 5 
Evaluate:   
 sin90 2cos0   5 4 
Solution 20:
 4 sin30 2cos 60   4 5 
  
 sin90 2cos0   5 4 
 1 1
 4 2   4 5 
 2 
 5 4 
2

 1 2 1 
2 1  4 5   8  5 10  4 
   
 1 2 5 4   4  10 5  8 
13 14 
 
14 13 

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Class X Chapter 9 – Matrices Maths

Question 21:
 3 1 1 0
If A =   ,    , find A2 – 5A + 7I
 1 2 0 1
Solution 21:
 3 1 1 0
Given that A =   ,   
 1 2 0 1
We need to find A2 – 5A + 7I
A2  A  A
 3 1  3 1
  
  1 2   1 2 
 9 1 3  2 
 
 3  2 1  4 
 8 5
 
 5 3 
 3 1
5A  5  
 1 2 
15 5 
 
 5 10 
1 0
7  7  
 0 1
7 0 
 
0 7 
 8 5  15 5  7 0 
A 2  5A  7     
 5 3   5 10  0 7 
 8  15  7 5  5  0 
 
 5  5  0 3  10  7 
0 0 
 
0 0 

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