DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

LAOAG CITY

Table of Content (Midterm: Module 1)

Topic 1. Firefighting Capability

I. Learning Objective 1
II. Lecture 1
1.1 Knowledge and Skills in Basic Firefighting 1
1.2 Specific Firefighting Tips 1
1.3 Fire Safety Construction 2
1.4 Fire Safety Design in a Building 3
III. References 4
IV. Assessment 4

Topic 2. Fire Protection Technology

I. Learning Objective 4
II. Lecture 4
2.1 Application of Fire Protection Technology 4

7
III. Reference 7
IV. Assessment 8

i|CDI6: FIRE TECH & ARSON [Link] CITY

 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:

This module contains lessons about Human Behavior and Victimology. Internalize the learning
outcomes for you to have an idea on our topics. In this time, you need to give an extra effort to your
subject for your learning development. Learn to manage your time for schoolworks and homeworks.
Best to inform your family member and friends regarding your schoolwork schedules and set a
study/learning area at your home for you to be focused. Set yourself and mind to read and understand
well the contents of our lesson. Make your own good strategy to learn and improve your learning ability
and to develop your high order thinking skills. Each topic in this module will be supplemented via online
learning. Kindly reserve budget for internet connectivity. I strongly advised you to refrain from online
leisure like mobile games and unnecessary online activity so that your internet connectivity will be
reserved for your scholarly activities.

Furthermore, at the end of the topic there is an assessment test that you must do ONLY IN
OUR SUBJECT TIME for me to know that you have learned our lesson. Instructions are given and
explained on how you are going to answer and submit your test. Understand and submit it as directed.
Still we will apply my general policy, “THE NO CREDIT FOR ALL ALTERATION OR YOUR
ANSWER” AND THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS”.

DISCLAIMER: All photos used in this module are courtesy of google. The instructor finds these photos
helpful to her students so she grabbed it to supplement her lesson. All credits go to the rightful owner

TOPIC 1: FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

a). familiarize with firefighting practices.

c). explain and apply firefighting strategies
d). discuss fire safety designs of buildings.
e). apply fire protection technology.

II. LECTURE

Instruction: Remember to read and analyze each lesson before you proceed to your activities below.
To supplement your reading, I will try to upload videos about the topic.

You do not have to be a well-trained, fully equipped fireman to put out a small fire. You just
need to have the presence of mind in knowing what to do, and the necessary firefighting equipment to
do the job. It is also important that the fire you are putting out is still small and in its very early stage.
Thus, the most effective combination is: early detection and quick reaction. Beyond these parameters,
it would be more difficult and down right to put out fire. So if you are not equipped, and the fire you are
trying to put out is already in its advanced stage, your only safe bet is to evacuate yourself, and
everyone else in the house, a quickly as possible. (Abaygar,2000)

 KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS IN BASIC FIREFIGHTING

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 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

It is not enough that you have the firefighting tools. They won’t do any good if you do not know
how to use them. Take time to familiarize yourself and the members of your household with the
different firefighting tools, how and when to use them.

When not to fight fire?

While it is important to know how to fight fire, it is also just important to know when not to fight fire.

1. If fire is already spread beyond where it originally started.

2. If you are in situation where, while fighting the fire, you have no avenue to escape.
3. If you do not have any adequate firefighting equipment.

In anyone of the above circumstances, the safest thing for you to do is to LEAVE
IMMEDIATELY and CALL THE FIRE DEPARTMENT.

 SPECIFIC FIREFIGHTING TIPS

It is a normal reaction for most people to immediately flee, at the first onset of fire. This is certainly
the safest personal approach to any fire. However, there are specific instances when you can
successfully fight fire, provided that;

1, The fire has just started and it is still small.

2. You have the correct, appropriate firefighting equipment.

3. You know what you are doing.

Assuming the above conditions, here are specific tips and firefighting techniques:

Timing is very critical. You mst be able to act fast and correctly, as soon as the fire starts –
before it has a chance to grow and spread. This assumes that there is veryearly detection of this
incipient fire - either with an early warning smoke detector or you were fornate enough to have
someone immediately notice it while at its very early state. It is only at this early state of the fire that
you can expect to put it out. Once it has begun to spread, your only alternative is to evaluate.

What to do if someone actually catches a fire?

1. Stop moving immediately.

2. Drop to the ground or floor.
3. Roll to smother the flames. If you have a fire blanket or damp clothing material, cover the
person as he or she rolls.

 FIRE SAFETY CONSTRUCTION

Fire safety construction can be regarded as the subject of fire engineering which aims towards
the elimination or reduction of fire hazards on building structures, selection and control of
combustible contents and linings, design the building geometry and layout. Its principal objective
relate to life safety and property protection.

Fire science – It is a subset of science that has direct contribution to make towards fire safety
and protection.

2|CDI6: FIRE TECH & ARSON [Link] CITY

 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

Strategies of Fire Safety

1. Prevention of Ignition. This strategy includes the following:

a. Control/eliminate ignition sources.
b. Control/ material that easily ignited.
c. Use non-combustible materials.
d. Use materials of low ignitability.
2. Prevention or Delay of Flash over
Flashover is the period of rapid acceleration of the rate of burning.

Specific Tactics in Fire Safety Construction

1. Prevention – To ensure that the fire do not start by controlling ignition sources. Among the five
tactics this must be the one to be given attention by the designer. The following are the five
tactics:
a. Management
b. Training
c. Housekeeping
d. Fire Safety Insulation
e. Signs and Fire Notices

2. Communication – To ensure that, if ignition occurs, the occupants are informed and any active
fire systems are triggered. The following are the components:
a. Alarm and detection
b. Observation
3. Escape – To ensure that the occupants of the building and the surrounding areas are able to
move to places of safety before they are threatened by the heat and smoke. It is the last
available tactic that can be attempted in all other fails.
4. Containment – To ensure that the fire is contained to the smallest possible area, limiting the
amount of property likely to be damaged and the threat of life safety.
5. Extinguishment – To insure that the fire can be extinguished quickly and with minimum
consequential damage to the building.

 FIRE SAFETY DESIGN IN A BUILDING

Section 701 (Occupancy Classification) of PD 1096 provides that a building proposed for
construction shall be identified according to their use of the character of its occupancy and shall be
classified as follows.

1. Places of Assembly. A building in which 50 or more person gather together for purposes such
as deliberation, worship, entertainment, amusement or awaiting transportation. It is classified
into:
a. CLASS A – capacity of 1000 person or more.
b. CLASS B – capacity of 300 to 1000 persons.
c. CLASS C – capacity of 50 to 300 persons.

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 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

2. Educational Occupancy – A building where six or more persons gather for prpse of instruction,
the occupant load is more than 1.8 sq.m/ person or 4.6 sq.m/person .for laboratories, shops and
similar vocational rooms.
3. Institutional Occupancy – A building used for purposes such as treatment of care of persons
suffering from physical or mental illness, disease or infirmity. Care of infants or aged persons,
and penal or correctional purposes.
4. Residential Occupancy – A building with sleeping and or sleeping accommodation provided
for residential purposes except those qualified under institutional occupancies.
5. Mercantile Occupancy – A building used for the purpose of selling merchandise or goods. It is
classified into:
Class A: Stores saving more than 2787 sq.m aggregate gross area or three floor levels
for sale purposes.
Class B: Less than 2787 sq.m. aggregate area but over 28 sq.m or utilizing any
balcony, mezzanine or floor above or below the street level for sales purposes.
Class C: 287 sq.m or less gross area for sales purposes on the street only.
6. Business Occupancy – buildings used for transaction of business other than covered under
Mercantile (e.g. office of lawyers, doctors and dentists.
7. Industrial Occupancy – buildings that are designed for making products of all kinds and
properties developed to operation such as processing, assembling, mixing packaging, etc.
8. Storage Occupancy – these are buildings or structures utilized primarily for storage or
sheltering of goods, merchandize, vehicles, products or animals.
9. Mixed Occupancy – buildings or structures in which two or more classes of occupancy are
present and that separate safeguards are impracticable. Each space shall be considered
individually.
10. Miscellaneous – these are buildings or structures that cannot be properly classified in any of
the preceding occupancy group.
III. REFERENCE
Montanio M. L. Ph. D Crim.,Montanio L. L., Fire Technology and Arson Investigation (2015)
Crimzone Enterprises, San Jose Del Monte Bulacan
IV. ASSESSMENT

DIRECTION: These activities are made to measure if you understand or not our lessons. Please
avoid copying your classmate’s work or getting information on google, use your own thought and
write your own opinion. Do it independently. For multiple choice, identification or true or false type
of assessment, it will be posted and submitted through google classroom. Date of posting will
always be announced through our group chat. For essay and research, it must be written in a
yellow paper with your name and section. It should be passed every time you get your next module
at the school. Please be guided accordingly.

A. ESSAY. 10 pts. each.

1. Discuss the importance and differentiate each of the following:
a. Fire Safety Inspection
b. Fire Safety Construction
c. Fire Safety Design Building
.

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 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

TOPIC 2. FIRE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:

a). know the different fire protection systems, their advantages and importance.
b). practice your knowledge on fire protection system.

II. LECTURE

Instruction: Remember to read and analyze each lesson before you proceed to your activities below.
A video discussion will be posted through your group.

 APPLICATION OF FIRE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY

A. Installed Fire Protection System. The three basics component of an installed fire protection
system are as follows, (PSBRC)
1. Detection System. It is used to sense fire or smoke. It is composed of:
a. Central control unit and enunciator
b. Primary power supply
c. Emergency power supply
d. One or more initiating devices
e. and supervisory control units.
2. Alarm Signaling System. It is used to warn occupants of the building of incipient
fire.
3. Suppression System. It is used to limit the spread of fire and possibly extinguish it.
It is composed of:
a. Water supply and distribution piping.
b. Sprinkler heads.
c. Sprinkler alarms.

B. Fire Detection and Alarm System. The following are the components of Fire Detection and
Alarm Systems:
1. Alarm Initiating Devices
a. Manual. It requires human actions to initiate a fire alarm (e.g. pull station).
b. Automatic Detectors. This needs not require human action.
1. Heat Detectors. Restorable type that sends a signals when a certain air
temperature is reached.
2. Smoke Detectors. Offers two mechanisms fr sensing smoke and other products
of combustion.
3. Flame Detectors. Sensitive ultraviolet and infrared light emission.

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 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

4. Particle Sampling Detector. It detects specific gases associated with

combustion, such as carbon monoxide the primary killer gas in fire.
2. Audible Signaling Devices. e.g horn, gong, bell, siren, whistle, recorded voice tape
or public address system.
3. Central Control Unit – considered the brain of the system, alarm initiating devices
and audible signaling system are linked to and monitored by the central control unit
or CCU.

The CCU Generates signals in Three Modes:

a. Normal Mode – the CCU indicator shows green light indicating the system is
powered and working properly.
b. Alarm Mode – when activated by an alarm initiating device(such as a smoke, heat,
flame detector or pull station), the CCU produces a red light, which may be flashing
and an audible alarm signal. It may also activate sprinklers or other suppression
devices.
c. Trouble Mode – a trouble signal indicated by an amber lights is generated when
critical alarm system circuits or components fails.

. C. Automatic Sprinklers – it is the most common form of installed fire suppression system. It is a
network of pipes and nozzles that releases water directly into a fire from overhead. The following
are the (5) Five types of Sprinkler System.

1. Wet pipes – the most common type where water is available in all sections of pipe at
all times, under pressure and ready to be discharged. When this system operates,
water issues only from those sprinklers in the vicinity of the fire. The operating
mechanism is in the sprinkler.
2. Dry Pipes – the dry pipe sprinklers uses compressed air or nitrogen gas pressure to
keep water out of the overhead pipes and limited to the riser until a fire occurs. It is
advantageous in environment where freeze (cold) temperature is likely to occur.
3. Pre-action Sprinkler System – this system operates sprinklers, water is contained
within the riser by a control valve that is activated by a fire detector system.
Overhead pipes contain air that may or may not be under pressure. It is activated by
a separate detection system.
4. Deluge Sprinkler System – this system operates in a way that is similar to the pre-
action system, except that the sprinkler heads are always open. It is activated b a
separate detection system that opens the control valve.
5. Combined Dry pipe and Pre-action Sprinkler System – it retains air or nitrogen
under pressure in the overhead pipes. A separate fire detection system opens the
control valve to fill the overhead lines with water before he sprinklers open. If the
detection system fails for some reason, the sprinklers act as a dry pipe system.

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 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

D. Standpipes and Hose System – standpipes are one of the best means for fighting in buildings
and structures and can be a welcome complement to automatic sprinklers systems. The
standpipe is designed to:
1. Provide effective quantities of water to a fire quickly in difficult-to-reach places of
buildings; and
2. Provide a ready means f protecting a building occupants or contents.

The following are the uses of standpipe:

1. It is used by Fire Departments and those trained in handling heavy fire streams.
2. It is used primarily by buildings occupants until the arrival of the Fire Department.
3. It is used by either the Fire Department or the building occupants

The following are the components of standpipe:

1. Cabinet
2. Unlined, lined hose on rack
3. Control valve
4. Pipe reducer connection
5. Water flow indicator
6. Water pressure gauge
7. Standpipe

E. Dry Chemical Suppression System – it is commonly used for the following application:
1. Commercial cooking Hazards.
2. Petrochemical applications (marine loading docks))
3. Manufacturing applications (paint spray booths, dip tanks)
4. Utility application (transformer protection, generator protection, turbine protection)
5. Mining application ( lubricants areas)

The following are the advantages of dry chemical:

1. It provides rapid knockdown of a flame.

2. Is reduces damage done by the flame.
3. It reduces probability of spread of fire to other areas.

The following are the disadvantages of dry chemical:

1. The residue left after a fire can be messy.

2. Propensity to solidity when expose to moist atmosphere.

III. REFERENCES
Montanio M. L. Ph. D Crim.,Montanio L. L., Fire Technology and Arson Investigation (2015)
Crimzone Enterprises, San Jose Del Monte Bulacan

IV. ASSESSMENT. 50 pts.

7|CDI6: FIRE TECH & ARSON [Link] CITY

 DATA CENTER COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINE
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
LAOAG CITY

DIRECTION: These activities are made to measure if you understand or not our lessons. Please
avoid copying your classmate’s work or getting information on google, use your own thought and
write your own opinion. Do it independently. For multiple choice, identification or true or false type
of assessment, it will be posted and submitted through google classroom. Date of posting will
always be announced through our group chat. For essay and research, it must be written in a
yellow paper with your name and section. It should be passed every time you get your next module
at the school. Please be guided accordingly.

A. ESSAY.
1. Explain the purposes of Fire Protection System.
2. Write down the advantages and benefits of Fire Protection System to the
following.5pts each.
a. Owners
b. Occupants
c. Fire Department
d. Community as a whole.

8|CDI6: FIRE TECH & ARSON [Link] CITY