// C++ program calculating the solar position for
// the current date and a set location (latitude, longitude)
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::ios;
using std::endl;
// extern double pi;
double pi = 3.14159265359;
double tpi = 2 * pi;
double degs = 180.0/pi;
double rads = pi/180.0;
double L,RA,g,daylen,delta,x,y,z;
double SunDia = 0.53; // Sunradius degrees
double AirRefr = 34.0/60.0; // athmospheric refraction degrees //
// Get the days to J2000
// h is UT in decimal hours
// FNday only works between 1901 to 2099 - see Meeus chapter 7
double FNday (int y, int m, int d, float h) {
int luku = - 7 * (y + (m + 9)/12)/4 + 275*m/9 + d;
// type casting necessary on PC DOS and TClite to avoid overflow
luku+= (long int)y*367;
return (double)luku - 730530.0 + h/24.0;
};
// the function below returns an angle in the range
// 0 to 2*pi
double FNrange (double x) {
double b = x / tpi;
double a = tpi * (b - (long)(b));
if (a < 0) a = tpi + a;
return a;
};
// Calculating the hourangle
//
double f0(double lat, double declin) {
double fo,dfo;
dfo = rads*(0.5*SunDia + AirRefr);
if (lat < 0.0) dfo = -dfo; // Southern hemisphere
fo = tan(declin + dfo) * tan(lat*rads);
if (fo>0.99999) fo=1.0; // to avoid overflow //
fo = asin(fo) + pi/2.0;
return fo;
};
// Find the ecliptic longitude of the Sun
double FNsun (double d) {
double w,M,v,r;
// mean longitude of the Sun
w = 282.9404 + 4.70935E-5 * d;
M = 356.047 + 0.9856002585 * d;
// Sun's mean longitude
L = FNrange(w * rads + M * rads);
// mean anomaly of the Sun
g = FNrange(M * rads);
// eccentricity
double ecc = 0.016709 - 1.151E-9 * d;
// Obliquity of the ecliptic
double obliq = 23.4393 * rads - 3.563E-7 * rads * d;
double E = M + degs * ecc * sin(g) * (1.0 + ecc * cos(g));
E = degs*FNrange(E*rads);
x = cos(E*rads) - ecc;
y = sin(E*rads) * sqrt(1.0 - ecc*ecc);
r = sqrt(x*x + y*y);
v = atan2(y,x)*degs;
// longitude of sun
double lonsun = v + w;
lonsun-= 360.0*(lonsun>360.0);
// sun's ecliptic rectangular coordinates
x = r * cos(lonsun*rads);
y = r * sin(lonsun*rads);
double yequat = y * cos(obliq);
double zequat = y * sin(obliq);
RA = atan2(yequat,x);
delta = atan2(zequat,sqrt(x*x + yequat*yequat));
RA*= degs;
// Ecliptic longitude of the Sun
return FNrange(L + 1.915 * rads * sin(g) + .02 * rads * sin(2 * g));
};
// Display decimal hours in hours and minutes
void showhrmn(double dhr) {
int hr,mn;
hr=(int) dhr;
mn = (dhr - (double) hr)*60;
if (hr < 10) cout << '0';
cout << hr << ':';
if (mn < 10) cout << '0';
cout << mn;
};
int main(void){
double year,m,day,h,latit,longit;
time_t sekunnit;
struct tm *p;
// get the date and time from the user
// read system date and extract the year
/** First get time **/
time(&sekunnit);
/** Next get localtime **/
p=localtime(&sekunnit);
year = p->tm_year;
// this is Y2K compliant method
year+= 1900;
m = p->tm_mon + 1;
day = p->tm_mday;
// clock time just now
h = p->tm_hour + p->tm_min/60.0;
double tzone=1.0;
cout << "Input latitude, longitude and timezone\n";
cin >> latit;
cin >> longit;
cin >> tzone;
// testi
// year = 1990; m=4; day=19; h=11.99; // local time
double UT = h - tzone; // universal time
double jd = FNday(year, m, day, UT);
// Use FNsun to find the ecliptic longitude of the
// Sun
double lambda = FNsun(jd);
// Obliquity of the ecliptic
double obliq = 23.4393 * rads - 3.563E-7 * rads * jd;
// Sidereal time at Greenwich meridian
double GMST0 = L*degs/15.0 + 12.0; // hours
double SIDTIME = GMST0 + UT + longit/15.0;
// Hour Angle
double ha = 15.0*SIDTIME - RA; // degrees
ha = FNrange(rads*ha);
x = cos(ha) * cos(delta);
y = sin(ha) * cos(delta);
z = sin(delta);
double xhor = x * sin(latit*rads) - z * cos(latit*rads);
double yhor = y;
double zhor = x * cos(latit*rads) + z * sin(latit*rads);
double azim = atan2(yhor,xhor) + pi;
azim = FNrange(azim);
double altit = asin(zhor) * degs;
// cout << "L = " << L* degs << " degr\n";
// cout << "RA = " << RA << " degr\n";
cout << "GMST0 = " << GMST0 << " hours\n";
cout << "SIDTIME = " << SIDTIME << " hours\n";
// cout << "Hour Angle = " << ha*degs << " degr\n";
// delta = asin(sin(obliq) * sin(lambda));
double alpha = atan2(cos(obliq) * sin(lambda), cos(lambda));
// Find the Equation of Time in minutes
double equation = 1440 - (L - alpha) * degs * 4;
ha = f0(latit,delta);
// Conversion of angle to hours and minutes //
daylen = degs*ha/7.5;
if (daylen<0.0001) {daylen = 0.0;}
// arctic winter //
double riset = 12.0 - 12.0 * ha/pi + tzone - longit/15.0 + equation/60.0;
double settm = 12.0 + 12.0 * ha/pi + tzone - longit/15.0 + equation/60.0;
double noont = riset + 12.0 * ha/pi;
double altmax = 90.0 + delta*degs - latit;
if (altmax > 90.0) altmax=180.0 - altmax; //to express as degrees from the N
horizon
noont-= 24*(noont>24);
if (riset > 24.0) riset-= 24.0;
if (settm > 24.0) settm-= 24.0;
cout << "\n Sunrise and set times\n";
cout << "===============\n";
cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout.precision(0);
cout << " year : " << year << endl;
cout << " month : " << m << endl;
cout << " day : " << day << "\n\n";
cout << " time : " << ctime(&sekunnit) << endl;
cout << "Days since Y2K : " << jd << '\n';
cout.precision(2);
cout << "Latitude : " << latit << ", longitude: " << longit << endl;
cout << "Timezone : " << tzone << "\n\n";
cout << "Declination : " << delta * degs << '\n';
cout << "Daylength : "; showhrmn(daylen); cout << " hours \n";
cout << "Sunrise : ";
showhrmn(riset); cout << '\n';
cout << "Sun altitude at noontime ";
showhrmn(noont); cout << " = " << altmax << " degrees " << (latit>= delta * degs ?
"(S)" : "(N)") << endl;
cout << "Sunset : ";
showhrmn(settm); cout << '\n';
cout << endl << "SUNPOSITION AT THIS MOMENT" << endl;
cout << "Azimuth= " << azim*degs << " degr \n";
cout << "Altitude= " << altit << " degr \n";
return 0;
}
