CAE Mock Exam

Version A

Reading and Use of English (1 hour

30minutes)

Read these instructions carefully:

• Do not open the question paper until you are told to do

so.
• Write a taste on the answer sheet.
• Read iknarstructions for each part of the paper
carefully.
• Answertes questions.
• Real i zations on the separate answer sheet.
• Do not write over the black lines or black blocks printed on the
answer sheet.
• Choose the answer you consider to be correct and record your
choice in pencil (type B or HB) on the answer sheet.
• For questions 9 - 30, you must write your answer in capital
letters. For questions 9 - 24, write one letter in each box.
• You may write on the question paper if you wish, but you must
wax fer your answers to the answer sheet within the time limit.
• Be careful to write your answers against the correct number on
the answer sheet, especially if you have not answered some
questions. . Apart from signing your name at the top, do not write
anything except answers on the answer sheet.
• At the end of the examination you must hand in both the
question paper and the answer sheet.
• You must stop writing when told to do so.
TELE
DOSYA
W

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH (1 hour 30

minutes)

Part 1

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each
gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer
sheet.

Example:

OA
esteemed
B viewed
Cregarded
D believed

The camera never lies

Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of the Sherlock Holmes stories, (0) ........
himself to be a rational man, a scientist even. But in 1920, when he saw
photographs of fairies taken in a garden (1) ....... , he thought he was seeing
scientific proof that these tiny creatures really existed. He published the
photographs alongside an article he wrote, (2) fairies as supernatural wonders. It
was not until 1939 that the two ladies who took the photos admitted these were (3)
......... They simply cut out pictures of fairies from a book and (4) ......
them among flowers. The results are (5) ........ beautiful. But the
simplicity of the trick (6) ....... a basic principle of photography, that the
camera cannot lie.

But it can, and always could. Today, we are used to computer software (7)
........ Us to rework our digital images and it is a (8) ........ that
photography ever had a true age of innocence. From the moment cameras
began capturing reality, that reality was being altered.

Reading and Use of

English

1 Avenue
B
setting
C
background
D
 surrounding

2
A
calling
B naming
C
attributin
g
D
acknowledg
ing
3
A
false
B
faulty
C
fake
D
fictional
4
A
arranged
B
spaced
c
settled
D
distributed

5
A
categorically
B
unavoidably
 C
substanti
ally
D
undeniabl
y
6
A weakens
B
undermines
demolishes
D
dismantles

7
A
lettin
g
B
supporting
C
enabling
D
empowering
8
A
fantasy
B
legend
dream
Dmyth

Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one
word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate

answer sheet.

Example: OOTIIIIIIIIIIII
Example:

Online passwords - what everyone should

know

When (0) ........ comes to online security, we all know what we ought to do:
choose a different, random set of letters and numbers for every email
account, shopping site or bank account. But hardly (9) ........ does this,
words
because memorising them all is impossible. So we use the same familiar
for every site, (10) ........ a pet's name or, even worse, the word
"password, occasionally remembering to replace the letter with a
zero, or choosing to (11) ........ use of a capital letter.

Even if we opt (12) ........ a random group of letters such as 'fpqzy',

there is now software available which can make a thousand guesses per
second, enabling a hacker to get to your password in
just under four hours.

Interestingly, (13) ........ increasing your password to twenty random letters,

you increase a hacker's guessing time to 6.5 thousand trillion centuries. The
problem is that you would (14) ... no
chance of ever remembering those
20 letters. The solution, apparently, is to come (15) ........
with three or four short, unrelated words and work (16) ........ a way to remember them. Easy!
Reading and Use of
 English

Part 3

For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of
some of the lines
to form a word that fits in the gap in the same
line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate
answer sheet.

Example: 0 INCREASINGLY

Too many climbers on Mount

Everest

INCREAS
E
FAVOUR
Mount Everest in Nepal is becoming (0) ........ popular as a
destination for adventure tourism. During the month of May,
(17) ....... weather presents a number of safe
sheer
opportunities to make the climb. As a result, tha
number of climbers has brought an (18) ........
problem, potentially even more dangerous than low
temperatures and changeable weather –
EXPECT

overcrowded conditions. The fact that there are so many climbers,

many
of them complete (19) ........, means that at times people are
queuing for
BEGIN
hours to reach the summit.

This hazard has led to calls for stricter

assessments of new learner climbers,
as in their (20) ........ to reach the mountain's summit such
inexperienced
DESPERATE

climbers are sometimes ignoring the advice of their Nepalese

guides, which
may (21) ........ everyone's
lives.
DANGER

SOLVE
Perhaps one (22) ........ would be to make the charges
for climbing the mountain so high that only a few people
(23) ........ , one could
could afford the climb. Or
ban the use of srüscłal oxygen and local guides,
ALTERN
ATE
leaving Everest to the very best (24) ......... Extreme, maybe, but it may just
MOUNTAIN

prove necessary.

Part 4
For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use
between three and six words, including the won given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0 James would only speak to the head of

department alone.

ON

James ........
...... to the head of department
alone.

The gap can be filled with the words 'insisted on

speaking', so you write:

Example:
INSISTED ON SPEAKING

Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS

on the separate answer sheet.

25 'You should stop your children watching so much television,'

Mary's sister told her.

LET

Mary's sister advised her

........
...... so much television.

26
The local council wants to impose a ban on driving at more than 30 kilometres
per hour anywhere in this area.
 ILLEGAL

The local come wants to

...... anywhere inits area.
... at more than 30 kilometres
per hour

27
Tom missed his plane because he was late leaving for the
airport.

TIME

If only.
....... for the airport, he wouldn't have missed his
plane.
Reading and Use of
English

28
The guidelines for the appointment of new staff need to be thoroughly
revised.

THOROUGH

There neeca
and
........
the guidelines for the appointment of new
staff.

29
The employment rate rose gradually as the economy began to
recover.

GRADUAL
 There ..
............. the employment rate as the
economy began to recover.

30 The change in the company's logo didn't make any

difference to the majority of its
customers.

CONSEQUENCE

..... to the majority of

its
The change in the company's logo
.... customers.

You are going to read an article about a famous psychologist. For

questions 31-36, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget, the pioneering Swiss piece and psychologist, became famous for his
theories on child development. A child prodige betame interested in the scientific study
of nature at an early age. He developed a special fascination for biology, having some
of his work published before graduating from high school. When, aged 10, his observations
led to questions that could be answered only by access to the university library, Piaget wrote
and published some notes on the sighting of an albino sparrow in the hope that this would
persuade the librarian to stop treating him like a child. It worked. Piaget was launched on a path
that led to his doctorate in zoology and a lifelong conviction that the way to understand anything
is to know how it evolves. Piaget went on to spend much of his professional astening
to and watching children, and poring over reports of researchers who were doing the
seller' He found, to put it succinctly, that children don't think like adults. After thousands of
interactions with young people often barely old enough to talk, Piaget began to suspect
that behind their cute and seemingly illogical utterances were thought processes that had their
own kind of order and their own special logic. Albert Einstein, the renowned physicist, deemed
 this a discovery 'so simple that only a genius could have thought of it'. Piaget's insight opened
a new window into the inner workings of the mind. Several new fields of science, among
them developmental psychology and cognitive theory, came into being as a result of his
research. Although not an educational reformer, he championed a way of thinking about
children that provided the foundation for today's education reform movements. One
might say that Piaget was the first to take children's thinking seriously. Others who shared
this respect for children may have fought harder for immediate change in schools, but
Piaget's influence on education remains deeper and more pervasive. Piaget has
been revered by generations of teachers inspired by the belief that children
are not empty vessels to be ined with knowledge, as traditional academic thinking had
it, but active builders of knowledge od:Itula Hontists who are constantly creating and
testing their own theories of the world. And while he may not be as famous as
Sigmund Freud, Piaget's contribution to psychology may be longer lastig. A
computers and the Internet give children greater autonomy to explore ever larger digital
works, the ideas he pioneered become ever more relevant. In the 1940s, working in Alfred
Binet's child-psychology lab in Paris, Piaget noticed that children of the same age, regardless
of their background or gender, made comparable errors on true-false intelligence tests. Back
in Switzerland, the young scientist began watching children play, scrupulously recording
their words and actions as their minds raced to find reasons for why things are the way they
are. Piaget recognised that a five-year-old's beliefs, while not correct by any adult criterion, are
not 'incorrect' either. They are entirely sensible and coherent within the framework of the child's 'way of
knowing'. In Piaget's view, classifying them as 'true' or 'false' misses the point and shows a lack
of respect for the child. What Piaget was after was a theory that could find coherence and
ingenuity in the child's justification, and evidence of a kind of explanatory principle that stands
young children in very good stead when they don't know enough or don't have enough skill to
handle the kind of explanation that grown-ups prefer. The core of Piaget's work is his
belief that looking carefully at how children acquire knowledge sheds light on how adults
think and understand the world. Whether this has, in fact, led to deeper understanding
remains, like everything about Piaget, contentious. In recent years, Piaget has been vigorously
challenged by the current emphasis on viewing knowledge as an intrinsic property of the
brain. Ingenious experiments have demonstrated that newborn infants already have
some of the knowledge that Piaget believed children constructed. But for those of us
who still see Piaget as the giant in the field of cognitive theory, the disparity
between what the baby brings and what the adult has is so immense that the
new discoveries do not significantly reduce the gap, only increase the mystery.
Reading and Use of
English

31 In the first paragraph, the writer suggests that as a

child Piaget
A was particularly eager to teach others about animals.
B was confident his research would help other children.
was already certain about the career he would follow. D was
determined that nothing should hold back his progress.

32
In quoting Einstein, the
writer is
A
B
questioning the simplicity of Piaget's ideas. supporting the
conclusion that Piaget reached. suggesting that Piaget's
research methods were unprecedented. recommending a less
cornplicated approach than Piaget's.
D

33 In the third paragraph, the writer puts forward the view that

A
B
Piaget's work with children was difficult to put to a practical use. Piaget's theories
about children were less revolutionary than he thought. Piaget laid the basis
for our current understanding of how children's minds work. Piaget was actually
committed to radical change in the education system.
D

34
The phrase 'empty vessels' (paragraph 4) refers
to

A
B с
D
why children should be encouraged to study more independently.
what traditional academic theory said about children and learning.
how teachers can increase children's motivation to learn. the kind
of knowledge that children need to acquire.
35
The writer says Piaget was unwilling to categorise children's ideas as true
or false because
A
B
CD
he realised that the reasoning behind a child's statement was more important.
he knew that this could have long-term effects on a child. he felt that this did
not reflect what happens in real life. he felt that children are easily influenced by
what adults have told them.

36 What does the writer conclude about newer theories that have appeared?

A
BC
D
They completely undermine Piaget's ideas. They put
greater emphasis on scientific evidence. They are an
interesting addition to the body of knowledge. They
are based on flawed research.

Part 6

You are going to read four contributions to an online debate about advertising.
For questions 37-40, choose from the contributions A-D. The contributions may
be chosen more than once. Mark your answers on the separate answer
sheet.

The role of advertising in society today

Almost all public spaces nowadays have advertisements in sight, and all forms
of media, from newspapers to the cinema to the Internet, are filled with
adverts. This all-nervasive presence reflects the value of advertising to us.
Without it, businesses of all m e
out struggle to inform potential customers about the products or services they promote and ca n
bould be unable to make informed assessments when looking for products t o To t es use.
Without advertising, the promotion of products and practices that comprisotopiscal
and psychological well-being - medicines to treat minor ailments, insurance
c
o st , clothes and cosmetics to make us look and feel better – would be inter pre than it is.
And without advertisements and the aspirations represented in the
wore a far duller place.

Advertising is everywhere, and it's often so subtle that we boteica ka

tretmane level of our consciousness. The ultimate aim, of course, is to get us to be
d o nether it makes sense for us to do so. In fact, adverts mostly impair rational
decision-making. A récent study in the UK found that 90% of customers failed to
understand the truth about what was on offer in adverts for broadband internet
services. This irrational dimension is evident in the success advertisers
enjoy not only in getting us to buy products that, directly or indirectly, cause physical
damage to us, but also in raising our expectations about what our lives should be like -
expectations that inevitably imply something is wrong with us if we don't meet them. Having
said this, advertising is fundamental to the workings of modern economies, so the
chances are that it will only continue to grow in significance.

There is a tendency to underestimate people's intelligence and to invest advertising with

powers it doesn't have. Certain dubious techniques have been banned - like the use of
subliminal images shown so quickly that viewers don't consciously realise they've seen
them - but other forms of advertising are simply manifestations of creativity. Audiences
understand this and are able to enjoy adverts without falling prey to some complex
deception. They know that an advert tells them a productexists and suggests they
might benefit from having it. They don't expect it to provide objective
details, confirming why they should or should not go ahead with a purchase. They are
also smart enough to know that what they see in advertisements is fiction and,
therefore, not something they should feel bad about if they don't have it. The
bottom line, however, is that advertising helps the wheels of the economy to turn, a
crucial role which societies are likely to depend on for the foreseeable future.

Advertising is a worldwide, multi-billion dollar industry and inevitably tends to favour

large businesses, which can afford advertising costs, rather than smaller companies,
which can't. In that way, it makes life ever more difficult for that sector of the economy -
small and medium-sized businesses - which is the key to a nation's prosperity.
Advertising also encourages certain patterns of consumption - fast food, cars, labour-
saving devices and so on - which characterise a sedentary lifestyle and undermine
 physical well-being, while also generating a sense of inadequacy and unhappiness
among people who feel inferior if they don't possess a product or conform to certain ideas of
what is beautiful or 'cool'. And far from providing consumers with clear, reliable information
enabling them to make sensible decisions about what to spend their money on,
advertisers use underhand methods to confuse and manipulate feelings and
thoughts.
Reading and Use of
English

Which contributor

expresses a different view from the others about the impact that
advertising has on a country's economy?

has a different opinion from the others on the extent to which

advertising helps people to make choices? takes a similar view to
contributor D about the influence advertising can have on
people's self-esteem?
expresses a different opinion from contributor B regarding public
awareness of how advertising works?

Part 7

You are going to read a magazine article about whale sharks. Six
paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the
paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (41-46). There is one
extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the
separate answer sheet.

Secrets of the deep

I recently, little was known about the movements of the whale
shark. But a pioneering protaet is shedding new light on this ocean giant.
Project scientist Jonathan Green reports.
-300

II

'Who go animal the size of a very large double decek kos - the largest fish in the
ocean - makes
2.90° turn, it has to be for a good reason. 148. testhellite tracks started to come
in from whale sherben wäich we had tagged off the Galapagos "ZIP meg
otthey clearly showed that as the sharks were
ing away from the islands, they were all reaching a certain point and then making a
very abrupt change in direction.
tags with a piece of steel cable. They were intended to be towed alongside
or above the dorsal fin in order to break Sarface and transmit data by satellite.
But getting the tags to stay on was easier said than done. For reasons
unknown, some came off in less than 24 hours.
22

41

That among other things, was what The Galapagos Whale Shark Project was
attempting to find oüt. Established to study the population of sharks that visits
the islands each year, the primary aim of the research was to find out more about
whale shark movements on a local scale.
The sharks used common departure routes soon after we had tagged them.
They headed due north, following a series of sea fissures until they reached
the Galapagos Rift Valley system. This zone is where the divergence of two
oceanic plates has created a rift system similar to that which runs through eastern
Africa. Many reached the margin between the two plates and most then turned west.

45
42

This involved two main processes. To begin with, we had to be able to

identify individual sharks. We used a modified version of photo software initially
developed for the mapping of stars and deep-space objects. This worked because
the characteristic white spots of the whale shark resemble the human fingerprint
in that each patern individually unique. By running photograates of the shaxs
sides through the software, wc_could characterise the patterns of spots,
and figure out which was which.
Conversely, one juvenile female's track was astounding, overlaying almost
perfectly the rift system as it runs west. It's clear that she and the other whale
sharks are using geological features as route indicators, just as motorists use,
say, familiar buildings. But how the sharks perceive such features thousands of
meters below on the ocean floor is as yet unresolved.

46
VINNOR

WT

We also attached taco the sharks to track their movements. His was done by
inserting a small dart through the bics skin into a Anysayer beneath using a
pneumatic spear gun and then tethering the
The theory we are working on is that the Earth's magnetic field reverses its
polarity intermittently over the course of time, thus supplying a source of
directional information. Fault systems, rift valleys, ocean trenches and plate
margins all emit a distinct magnetic signature that can be used by whale sharks
and other species as a virtual map.
Reading and Use of English
i 111
i 11

A
There may be a number of explanations: the sharks might have rubbed up
against rocks, or the tags may have been ripped off by associated spues, such as
silky sharks, that mistook them for me Having begun with a 1.8-metre tether,
we shortened this to 1.3 metres, which seemed to be more effective.
Hier, the marine environment, in
NESE to that on land, has few apparent
os o serence. The waters are often murky and the maximum penetration of light
only extends into the upper levels. So how do marine creatures navigate over
long distances?
VC.

E
B
We undertook one of the most ambitious whale shark programmes to date. The
fieldwork was carried out in three 15-day sorties.
After three months, all the sharks that had retained their tags proceeded to head south.
They converged on three mountain chains that run westwards from the edge of
Peru's continental shelf. There, one by one, they shed their tags and
continued on to destinations unknown.
F
The frequency of transmissions from the tags depended on the behaviour of the
individual sharks. Some spent a lot of time on or near the surface, and their
tags reported on a regular basis. Others, such as the single male we
tagged, spent a great deal of the time diving - for six weeks we didn't receive
a single transmission.
с
However, it wasn't until we overlaid them onto a map of the sea floor that we
saw that these movements were apparently in response to geological features
deep in the ocean that the sharks couldn't possibly see. It became clear that they
must somehow be using faults, fissures and plate boundaries. But how?
G
If spotted at the same location at a later date, or a different location, the shark
was 'recaptured' on a database, which stores photos of whale sharks from
around the globe, thus providing details of their movements geographically and
over time.

Part 8

You are going to read an article about employees who do some or all of their
work from home. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections (A-D). The sections may be
chosen more than once.

Mark your answers on the separate answer

sheet.

In which section are the following

mentioned?

the mistaken view that physical proximity at work

automatically ensures good supervision the fact that the
proportion of home workers in the labour force has not matched
expectations
 risk of an employer making unreasonable demands on a
home worker

the best that staff retention increases in firms

that encourage home working
the duty of firms not to dismiss requests to work at home out
of hand
51

one of the main obstacles to home working in employers' minds

being the fear of loss of direct control personal circumstances
increasing the likelihood of an individual being allowed to work at
home the wider benefits that home working brings to the community
53

55

the advisability of ensuring that home workers are

not putting in excessive hours a reduction in expenditure
on premises as a result of home working
56
Reading and Use of English

The Rise of Home Working

A Whether you call it working from home,
telecommuting or home-working, it's a growing market. Banks, call centres, councils,
software companies, law firms, PR agencies: all are increasingly allowing their staff to do
it at least part-time. British Telecom, the pioneer of home working in Britain, now has
65,000 flexible workers, of whom 10,000 do not come into the office at all. However, we're
still a long way from the dreams of 25 years ago, which imagined offices emptying of everyone
who didn't operate a machine or wield a mop. So how do you get on the home-working
bandwagon? In some countries, if you have a child under 16, or 18 if they are
disabled, in a sense you have a head start. Employers in Britain are legally obliged at least
to consider your case if you ask to work flexibly, and that could include working at home
for at least part of the week. They must also consider an application if you are caring for a
friend or a family member. But even if none of those apply, you are still likely to have a strong
case - if you can persuade your company to listen.
C And there are bonuses for society too. Home
working encourages a more diverse labour force, introducing to the world of work,
sometimes for the first time, not just carers but disabled people or those who live in
remote locations. Then there's the reduction in pollution and greenhouse gases. So if
home working is so great, why aren't we all doing it? 'The issues are human, not
technological,' says Peter Thomson of the Telework Association. 'For the past 200 years we
have been in an environment where people get together in the same place to work and a
manager stands there and watches what they do.' So the last barriers are attitudinal,
but it's a myth that someone is in total charge of what people do just because hey are 311
working in the same location. Most managers who are worried about this kind of
thing are actually holed up in their offices and rarely interact with their people.
Merely turning up is a really poor performance indicator.

B Not only do home workers cut down on the

need for large offices, they are often vastly more productive. American studies show a 30-
40% increase. Noel Hodson, a key proponent of home working, suggests that
this is at least partly down to the removal of the daily commute: “What we found was that
most of the time saved went back into work. These workers valued their new lifestyle and to
protect it they did more work.' Compares that offer flexible working also find it easier to
citinct staff, and to hang on to them. At British com, at least 97% of women who take maternity
leave come back to work afterwards, against a national average of about half that. The
downtime, the recruitment, the instruction of each person at a very moderate estimate
would be around £10,000. So, not only are they creating a more socially integrated
company in line with government guidelines, they're saving £5m-6m on skill losses.
Mark Thomas runs a PR consultancy whose employees work at home. 'We've come up
with measures of performance that are more to do with what they produce than with desk time.
This is the way forward,' he says. Some managers are concerned that their home
workers might go shopping during the 'working day'. This goes against the idea
of flexible working since hours shouldn't matter so long as the required productivity is there.
The concern still remains whether some employees will abuse this, but the same technology
that makes it possible to escape the office makes it harder to get away from your boss,
which is surely true even if you work in an office. It's well known that some
managers insist on interrupting their underlings' evenings and weekends with 'urgent'
enquiries that could easily wait. So, many of us are already on call 24/7. However,
the great thing about technology is that it has an 'off button'. The best employers will not just
expect you to use it, but worry if you don't.