SLOPE STABILIZATION
RL GEOSEWA PRIVATE LIMITED
(AN ISO 9001:2008 COMPANY)
#302, ANISH RESIDENCY, NIZAMPET,
HYDERABAD, TELANGANA-500090
TEL: 040-48555082, MOB: +91 9000681986
MAIL:
[email protected] GOPALAKRISHNA KAMIREDDI
B.tech (civil), M.tech (Geotech)
+91 9000681986
Huge Land Slide Mussorie
Landslide Westbengal
Some Road Embankment Failures
Soil mass slumped down in unimproved area
SCC=Soil Cement Column, 600 mm
dia
Some more examples
Rotational Stability
7 Embankment Fill
Beware of
Reinforcement: Full
ditches in this width or localised areas
area!!!
Tr
Tr
Soft Clay Foundation
Reinforcement tension
develops as a vector of
these forces
Common form of analysis:
Modified Simplified
Bishop Method for
circular slip surfaces
Failure can be deep
seated or shallow
Lateral Sliding
8
Embankment fill
Horizontal
Reinforcement
movement of fill,
driven by active
wedge
Tr
Tr
Soft Clay Foundation
Reinforcement tension develops in the plane of the
reinforcement
Resistance to lateral sliding
determined from active driving force
Geosynthetics/soil interface Friction
should be obtained from testing
Foundation Extrusion
9
Embankment fill
Lateral extrusion of
foundations due to
settlement of fill Reinforcement
Soft Clay Foundation
The solution to this mode of failure is to reduce the
settlement by making the base stiffer (Stone column,
PVD or Geosynthatics)
If soft soil thickness> embankment base then Bearing Capacity
analysis required
If soft soil layer thickness < than the embankment base
foundation extrusion occurs at the toe.
Slope Stability analysis
10
Swedish circle method
Ordinary method of slices
Simplified Bishop’s method
Janbu’s method
Spencer’s method
Morgenstern and Price’s method
Some Slope Stability Software
GeoSlope Geo5
STABLE ReSSA
PLAXIS SlopeW
FLAC Slide
Swedish circle method
11
Method of slices
12
Si
Wi
Landslides Causes
External
Change in Geometry
Unloading the Toe
Loading the Slope Crest
Shocks & Vibrations
Drawdown
Changes in Water Regime
Internal – Decrease in Shear Resistance
Creep
Progressive Failure
Weathering
Seepage
Factors Causing Landslides
Ground Conditions
Geomorphological Processes
Physical Processes
Man-made Processes
Ground Conditions
Plastic weak material
Sensitive material
Collapsible material
Weathered material
Sheared material
Jointed or fissured material
Adversely oriented mass discontinuities (including
bedding, schistosity, cleavage)
Adversely oriented structural discontinuities
(including faults, unconformities, flexural shears,
sedimentary contacts)
Contrast in permeability and its effects on ground
water contrast in stiffness (stiff, dense, material over
plastic material)
Geomorphological Process
Tectonic uplift
Volcanic uplift
Glacial rebound
Fluvial erosion of the slope toe
Wave erosion of the slope toe
Glacial erosion of the slope toe
Erosion of the lateral margins
Subterranean erosion (solution, piping)
Deposition loading of the slope or its crest
Vegetation removal (by erosion, forest fire,
drought)
Physical Processes
Intense, short period rainfall
Rapid melt of deep snow
Prolonged high precipitation
Rapid drawdown following floods, high tides or
breaching of natural dams
Earthquake
Volcanic eruption
Breaching of crater lakes
Thawing of permafrost
Freeze and thaw weathering
Shrink and swell weathering of expansive soils
Man-Made Processes
Excavation of the slope or its toe
Loading of the slope or its crest
Drawdown (of reservoirs)
Irrigation
Defective maintenance of drainage systems
Water leakage from services (water supplies,
sewers, storm water drains)
Vegetation removal (deforestation)
Mining and quarrying (open pits or underground
galleries)
Creation of dumps of very loose waste
Artificial vibration (including traffic, pile driving,
heavy machinery)
Stages of Landslide Activity
Pre-failure Stage – Soil Mass Continuous, Progressive
Failure & Creep
Onset of Failure – Formation of Continuous Shear
Surface throughout the Soil/Rock Mass
Post-Failure – Movement of Soil/Rock Mass till
Stoppage
Re-activation Stage – Soil/Rock moves along Pre-
existing Shear Surfaces – Continuous, Seasonal or
Occasional
Selection of Appropriate Remedial Measure
Engineering/Technical Feasibility
Economic Feasibility
Legal/Regulatory Conformity
Social Acceptability
Environmental Acceptability
Landslide Remedial Measures
Modification of Slope Geometry
Drainage
Retaining Structures
Internally Reinforced Slopes
Modification of Slope Geometry
Removing material from the area driving
the landslide (with possible substitution
by lightweight fill)
Adding material to the area maintaining
stability (counterweight berm or fill)
Reducing general slope angle
Drainage
Surface drains to divert water from flowing onto the slide
area (collecting ditches and pipes)
Shallow or deep trench drains filled with free-draining
geomaterials (coarse granular fills and geosynthetics)
Buttress counterforts of coarse-grained materials
(hydrological effect)
Vertical (small diameter) boreholes with pumping or self
draining
Vertical (large diameter) wells with gravity draining
Sub horizontal or subvertical boreholes
Drainage tunnels, galleries or adits
Vacuum dewatering
Drainage by siphoning
Electro-osmotic dewatering
Vegetation planting (hydrological effect)
Retaining Structures
Gravity retaining walls
Crib-block walls
Gabion walls
Passive piles, piers and caissons
Cast-in situ reinforced concrete walls
Reinforced earth retaining structures with strip/
sheet - polymer/metallic reinforcement elements
Buttress counterforts of coarse-grained material
(mechanical effect)
Retention nets for rock slope faces
Rockfall attenuation or stopping systems (rocktrap
ditches, benches, fences and walls)
Protective rock/concrete blocks against erosion
Internal Slope Reinforcement
Rock bolts
Micropiles
Soil nailing
Anchors (prestressed or not)
Grouting
Stone or lime/cement columns
Heat treatment
Freezing
Electro-osmotic anchors
Vegetation (root strength mechanical effect)
Methods of slope stabilization
26
Unloading
Buttressing
Drainage
Reinforcement
Retaining walls
Vegetation
Surface slope protection
Soil hardening
Remedial Measures
Unloading
Removal of the head of the
slide
Flattening of slopes
Drainage
28
Drainage reduces
Destabilizing hydrostatic and seepage forces
Risk of erosion
Surface drainage
Using sandbags to divert runoff
Sealing cracks with surface runoffs
Covering the ground surface with plastic sheets
Drainage
29
Subsurface drainage
Drain blankets
Trenches
Cut-off drains
Horizontal drains
Relief drains
Drainage
30
Drain blankets
Drainage
31
Trenches
Drainage
32
Cut-off drains
Drainage
33
Horizontal drains and relief wells
Soil nailing
34
Slope stabilization
Retaining structures
Retaining walls
35
Field Monitoring
36
Settlement plate (2)
Inclinometer (1)
Survey point (3)
EPS
Crack gauge (4)
Tire-shred sand
mixtures
Instrumentation
vegetation
37
Stabilization
from intertwining of roots
Minimization of runoff
Retardation of runoff velocity
Prevention of Coastal Landslides/Erosion
Prevent Marine Erosion- Extend &
Upgrade Sea Defenses along the Toe
Limit the Unfavorable Effects of
Groundwater Seepage & Precipitation-
Provide Appropriate Drainage Systems,
Monitor Leakages from Pipelines, Drains,
etc.
Regrade and Plant the Slopes
Stabilise Slope with Piles driven to Stable
Layer below.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
IS A SCIENCE
BUT ITS PRACTICE
AN ART
Presented By
GOPALAKRISHNA KAMIREDDI
B.Tech (Civil), M.Tech (Geotech), MDFI, MIGS, MISSMGE
RL GeoSEWA Private Limited
#302, Anish Residency, KTR Colony, Road No.5,
Nizampet, Hyderabad, Telangana-500090
Land: 040 4855 5082 Mobile: +91 9000681986 | Email: [email protected]
Website : www.geosewa.in
