Ind ian Journal of Chemical Technology

Vol. 6, May 1999, pp. 125-133

Low pressure equilibrium between H2S and alkanolamine revisited

M V Jagushte & V V Mahajani*
Department of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400019 , Indi a
Received 4 September 1998; accepted 11 April 1999

A-bso rpti on o f H2S in aqu eous a1kano lamine solution is of considerable commercial importance. A simple method is
presented to determine the equilibrium pressure having very low loading of H2S, with the help of 'sulfide' ion-selective
e lectrode. By thi s meth od H2S-DEA and H2S-TEA VLE-data were obtained at different amine concentration and
temperatures. A theoretical analysis of eq uilibrium between H2 S and aqueous a1kanolamine sol ution has been reviewed. A
semiempiri cal model with a correlation parameter, ~ -fac t or, is introduced to predict the equilibrium between H 2S and
alkano la mines.

Absorpti on of H2S into aqueous alkanolamine a is finite and can be In the range 0.02 to 0.1
solutions is of considerable industrial relevance depending upon the local techno-economic
particularly in natural gas, associated gas and biogas considerations.
sweetening, C laus tail gas cleaning, refinery gas Due to reversible nature of the chemical reaction,
sweetening etc . Many times, process engineers are the absorber is operated in counter current mode of
concerned wi th selective removal of H 2S from the operations. The driving f0rce , at the top of the column
sour gas stream. Tertiary ami nes suc h as methyl depends on the equilibrium pressure of H 2S over
diethanolamine (MDEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) regenerated amine solution. This is often called as
are find ing popularity among gas processing back-pressure of H 2S over the regenerated solution.
engineers wh o would like to have selective removal The absorption of H 2S is gas film controlled and at
of H2S. any point in an absorber, the rate is given by,
The absorption of H 2S in aqueous alkanolamine
solution takes place with reversible chemical reaction. (3a)

... (I) I I I
- - = --+----- . . . (3b)
KG a kG a ( H )(kLa)(E)
Due to reversible nature of the reaction there
always ex ists finite equilibrium concentration of H2S. Knowledge of both gas and liquid side mass
The H 2S laden rich amine solution from the absorber transfer coefficients, namely. kG and kL and
is sent to regenerator or stripper where H2S is knowledge of effective interfac ial area a is essential.
knocked off at higher tempe.ature, say 1 1O-12SoC and The enhancement factor, E, can be computed based
near atmospheric pressure. The regenerated solution is on theories of mass transfer with chemical reacti on 1.2 .
then returned back to the absorber. Thus absorber and From Eq. (3a), it is seen that at the top of the.
regenerator are coupled together to remove H2S. The absorber, partial pressure of H2S ( PH 2S) , in the bu lk
stripper overhead gas which is very rich in H 2S is then gas (s weetened gas) being very small, the driving
processed suitabl y to convert it into elemental force (PH2S - P~2S ) depertds on the equilibrium partial
"Sul fur" . Purely, from economic consideration the
amine solu tion has not been generated completely . pressures of H 2S, ( P~ 2S)' over the regenerated
Thus the degree of sulfidation defined as,
solution . Thus the knowledge of P~2S becomes very
a = (moles of H 2S)
important to process design engineer because small
. .. (2)
(moles of amine)
error in P~ 2S can make considerable error in driving
*For correspondence force, as ( PH2S ) , itself will be very low.
126 INDIAN 1. CHEM. TECHNOL., MAY 1999

Experimental technique for measuring Vapour TO CONDUCTIVITY ME1~R

,--+
liquid equi librium data are such that accurate data is
TIC)
avai lab le in the middle range of loading and H
5 1-11.
pressures.1· 5 • and very few equi librium' data are
reported in the low loading region, encountered in
- {)
commercial operations. A general method for
obtaining VLE data at low loading is to sparge inert U
f-
gas into an excess of known amine solution followed 3 ~ '-- 7
by analysis of the gas fo r H 2S. However, this method 2 f-:.-:-:-
had not provided the reliable VLE data at very low
~h-- ~ .
1 '.
,
partial pressure of H 2S. Recently , the increasing
, ..
demand for sulfur free-fuel , the stricter air pollution ~L. , .
con trol legi slation and the incentives for sulfur ' . , ' ': ' D-Lo
recovery have all resulted in removal pf H 2S at very
M
II////A I~
\..
, ..,' ..........

:~: 6"'1 1111117m

low level, which require the better experimental Fi g. ! - Expcrimenlal sel-up fo r Vapour Liquid Equi li hrium
technique to understand the VLE'behaviour of H 2S in meas urement
the lean load in g region.
There are very few techniques reported in the
literature, whic h measure VLE data at very low Experimental Procedure
6
loadi ng of H 2S. Amongst, Rogers et al. has used Materials-Diethanolamine (DEA), triethanolamine
FfIR spectroscopy to measure VLE data at low (TEA) and sodium sulfide used were of analytical
. 7
partial pressure of H2S. Rochelle et al. have grade with 99.5% purity and obtained from S.D. Fine
deve loped electrode method for the measurement of Chem. Ind ., Mumbai, (India). H 2S gas was generated
VLE usin g pH-silver sulfide electrode. These in Kipp' s apparatus. Sulfuric acid was used to
in vesti gators related partial pressure of H 2S with -generate H 2S from iron sulfide so that contamination
e lectrode potential difference between the pH and due to HCI and water is avoided. Also sufficient
sulfide e lectrode by the equation , quantity of gas is generated and purged out so that air
contamination in H 2S is eliminated.
I Experimental set-up-T he experimental set-up
log H,S=Constant+ (E H , - Es=)
- 0 .0296 consisted of a gas bubbler with magnetic stirrer to
enhance equilibri um process . The equilibrium cell is
But the va lue of constant in the above equation was fitted with conductivity probe. The exi t of the cell is
calculated based on the assumption of Kent & connected to a glass reservoir. The gas-circulating
8
Eisenberg model as stated by Rochelle et al.' blower takes gas from reservoi r and passes into the
Naturally, thi s might introduce some deviation in the equilibrium cell. The pressure maintained in this
measurement as in this model (Kent & Eisenberg), the system is practically near atmosphere. The enti re
values of equilibrium constants (K, & K2 ) were assembly is placed into a constant temperature bath
determined by forcing computational fit on the except gas circulating blower. Si nce temperatures are
reported data available in the literature. not widely different from ambient 300C, the heat loss
In the present paper, a simple method to determine from the blower to surrounding can safely be
neglected. Fig.l shows a schematic experimental
eq uiHbrium partial pressure of H 2S, (P~ 2S) over
diagram for the entire set-up.
alkanolamine solution, havi ng very low a values, Experimental Proced'1re-A known quantity of
with the he lp of 'su lfide' ion-selective electrode has alkanolamine solution was taken in an equilibrium
been presented . This experimental technique will aid cell . H 2 S gas was injected into reservoir to get desi red
to generate the valuable equilibrium data at very low partial pressure. The gas-circul ating blower was then
loading of H 2 S in aqueous alkanolamine sol utions. A started. Some H2S would get adsorbed into
theoreti cal tulalysi s of equilibrium between H 2S and alkanolamine sol ution . To compensate this, additional
alkanolami ne so lution has been reviewed and a quantity of H 2S was injected so that the system is near
simpler semi-empirical model is presented to aid the atmospheric pressure. The approach to equilibrium is
process design engineer. monitored with the he lp of a conductivity probe.
 JA GUSHTE & MAHAJANI: LOW PRESSURE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN HzS ALKANOLAMfNE 127

Since the reaction of H 2S with aqueous alkanolamine 0 .6 - . - - -- ---------------,

solution is ionic in nature, the concentration of ionic

species remains constant after reaching equilibrium. c:x::xx:o present work
0.5
The constant reading of conductivity probe over a few ~ Mather etai.[5]
hours indicates that the equilibrium was achieved. At
this stage, the gas composition was identica l in the 0 .4 o
cell as well as in the reservoir. The reservoir was then
isolated from the system with the help of valves. A as
Il.
.lo: 0.3
known quantity of caustic , which is far excess than
required, is added to the reservoir with the help of .=
liquid syringe. It was then well mixed by shaking and ::t
Il. 0 .2
left for about 48 h so that entire amount of H 2S gas is
absorbed into aqueous NaOH solution. A sample was
taken from amine solutioh with the help of a gas-tight 0 .1

syringe and introduced into caustic solution to convert

it into Na 2S. With the he lp of sulfide ion-selecti ve
0 .0 - r rr nr r T- r rT"T'T"T"T"rnrrT'T'T'"rT"T"T"T"T"T'T"T"T"rnrrT- r r r r i
elec trode, both sampl es were analyzed for sulfide 0.0 10.0 20.0 30 .0 40 .0
content and hence H 2S content was back calculated at 2/ ( l-CI\ ) J( l()'

both in th e gas phase and in the liquid phase. Fi g. 2- Pl ot of a~ / ( I - a) vers us PH S of H2S-OEA (2M) system
T he sul fide ion selective e lectrode (ORION , USA 2
at 313 K .
make) was cali brated be fore the reading with the help
of st.. ndard aqu eous so lutions of Na2S . It was ensured
th at all readings were obtained in linear be haviour of Th e reac ti on between amine and H2S IS
the electrode. in stantaneous as co mpared to rate of diffusion.

Results and Discussion Protonatiol1 n.famine

During absorpti on of H 2S in an aqueous solution of
.. . (7a)
alkano lamine fo ll o win g reactions take place and
equilibri a are establi shed,
K" =(H+)(A n: H) · .. (7 b)
Dissociation of HzS (A mH 2 )

· .. (4a)
Dissociation of water

H 20 ~ ~ H+ + OH - (8a)
· .. (4b)

Kw =(H+) (OH- ) (8b)

also, we have
.. . (Sa) Amine dissociation in water

(ArnH) + H 2O OIl • (ArnH/) + OH - · .. (9a)

... (5b)

K _ (AmH2+) (OH- )
· .. (9b)
Reaction of amine with H 2S b- (AmH)

· . . (6a) and then from Eqs (7b) & (8b),

K _ (AmH/ ) (HS- ) Kb -
_ Kw
... (6b) - · .. (9c)
SAm - (H 2S) (AmH)
Ka
1-28 INDIAN 1. CHEM. TECHNOL. , MAY 1999

(H+)= ( Ka) (AmH /) · . . (13)

(AmH)
. . . (10)
for the sake of argument, the reaction wherein S=· is
The solubility is assumed to be established formed is considered,
instantaneously at gas-liquid interface.
Also there exist a possibility of reaction of H2S (14)
with air as given below due to the pres~nce of air
ions in liquid phase (Eqs 8a & 9a) It is being assuming that all amine can form S=

(1 5)

Thus it is seen that during absorption of H2S in where 0:. = sulfidati on ratio
aqueous alkanolamine solutions, the entire absorption
_ (mole of H 2S)
process can be attributed to . reaction of H 2S with
amine provided concentration of (OH- ) is sufficiently (moles of amine)
small so that the Eq. ( 11") can be practically ignored.
Further, the dissociation of HS- to S= via Eqs (5a & Eq . ( 13), gives
5b) be very small so that only reaction can be
considered by Eqs (4a) and (4b) . The above aspects (H+)= ( K,) (20:. ) (AmH)o
· . . (16)
have been dealt in details by da Silva and (1- 2a) (AmH)o
9
Danckwerts • For the sake of clarity it shall be
reviewed here also. =3:0:. ( K,) · . . ( 17)
For selective absorption of H 2S the use of tertiary (I - 20:.)
amine such as triethanolamine, (TEA), methyl-
diethanolamine (MDEA) is recommended. Mahajani Therefore,
and Joshi 10 have reviewed the kinetics of reactions
between CO 2 and alkanolamines (primary, secondary · .. (18)
and tertiary alkanolamine). MDEA is very popular
tertiary. amine for H 2S removal. However MDEA
reacts with CO 2 also. Authors recommended, the use However, in maJonty of cases fi rst dissociation IS
of TEA for selective removal of H2S. The kinetic dominating as given in Eq. (4a)
selectivity for H 2S would be more in the case of TEA
because CO2 reacts very slowly with TEA as
compared to MDEA. Equilibrium with respect to all
types of amines, namely, primary, secondary and (AmH) = (1 -0:. ) (AmH)o · . . (19)
tertiary shall be di scussed. The experimental results
would be compared with those published in case of (S=) ( K2S)(I - 0:.)
diethanol amine system and data would be presented --=-=--- · .. (20)
(HS- ) (Ka) 0:.
for triethanolamine system.
From Eqs ( 18) and (20) one can see that the ratio of
The condition underwhich, there will be negligible K2S I Ka is more important than sulfjdation ratio. By
fo rmation of s= as compared to HS- and large the loading of H 2S in the absorber will not
exceed 0.3, (i .e. 0:. = moles of H2S per moles of
From Eq. (5b), amine). Under such a situation the multiplier of K 2S I
Ka in Eq. ( \8) will be 0.67 and that from Eq (20) will
(s=) (K )
- - = -2S- .. , (1 2) be 2.33. In the regenerated solution (lean solution)
(HS-) (H+) loading , a , could be as low as 0.02 and therefore the
multiplier of K2S I Ka could be 24 in Eqs ( 18) and 49
Also from Eq. (7b), in Eq (20). Thus a condition can arise where,
 JAG USHTE & MAHAJANI : LOW PRESSURE EQUILIBRJUM BETWEEN H2S ALKANOLAMrNE 129

Table \ -Various equilibria as a function of temperature

Reference
I . MEA (monoethanolamine)
pK, = 3.791 exp (276.567 / 1) , Ka == (kmol. m- 3 ) [Perrin 12]

2. DEA (diethanolamine)
pK, = 18.082 - 561 .2 - 0.024 T , Ka == (kmol. m- 3 ) [Perrin 12]

3. TEA ( tri ethanolamine)

pK, = 2. 524 + 1563 / T , Ka == (kmol. m- 3 ) [Perrin 12]

4. MDEA (meth yldiethanolamine)

pK, = 2.5 6 + 1809.056/ T , Ka == (kmol. m- 3 ) [Little 13 j
5. First dissoci ation constant for H2S in water
pK l s =- 106.67 + 6045 .2 / T + 37.744 log T, '[Bosch l4]
KJ S == (kmol. m- 3 )
6. Second di ssociation co nstant for H2S in water
pK2S= 4 .7 + 2739 / T , [Bosch l4]
K2S == (kmol. m- 3)
7. Solubility of H2S in water
HH I
== (kmol. m- 3 Pa- )
[Bosch l4]
10g HH S = 65 1.2 / T - 8.206, S
2 2
8. Di ssociati on constant of water
In (Kw) = - 13445 .9 / T - 22 .4773 In T + 140.932 , Kw= (gmoI.Kg- 1)2 [Edward 15]

K
Table 2-Values of 2S for different alkanolami nes at 303 . 3 13
Ka
and 323 K Various equilibria used to illustrate above
condititms as well as in formulating the model at later
Amine Temperature, stage, have been presented in Table I . Table 2
( K 2S) presents such computations of K2S / Ka for '
(K ) - - xI06
( Ka) monoethano lamine (MEA) (primary alkanolamine);
MEA 303 50.587 diethanolamine (DEA) (secondary alkanolamine);
3 13 52.7 12 triethanolamine (TEA) (tertiary alkanolamine) and
323 55 .63 1 methyl diethano lamine (MDEA) (tertiary
DEA 303 10.143 alkanolamine) at three different temperatures . Thus it
3 13 12.797 is seen th at, the abo ve inequality (2Ib) is easil y
sati sfi ed and hence formation of S= can be neglected
323 15.366
without sacri fici ng engineering accurac y.
MDEA 303 6. 177
3 13 7.744
The condition under which there will be no significant
323 9.570
reaction between OH - and H2 S
TEA 303 0.876
3 13 1.166 Whil e formul ating a mathematical model fo r
323 1.524 va pour-liquid equilibrium. It is essential that one has
(for K 2S and K, refer to Tab le I) to consider reacti on between H 2S (solute gas) and
O W as given by Eq ( II ). However, if there are
in significant quantit y of hydroxyl ions (OW) as
co mpared to free alkanolamine (AmH) present in
(s=) = (50)* (K 2S ) «50x I0-4 . .. (2 Ia) so luti on, then the reacti on between H 2S and OH- can
(HS ) ( Ka) be safe ly neg lec ted without sacrific ing engineering
acc uracy.
2
Therefore, if (O W ) / (Am H) < 10- contributi on
. .. (2 Ib) due to (OH-) can be neglected . Thus,

so that contribution of S= can be neglected without .. , (22)

sacrificin g engineering acc uracy.
130 INDIAN J. CHEM. TECHNOL., MAY 1999

(K w) < (AmH)xlO-4 worrying. As seen from Table 3, as temperature

... (23)
(Ka) increases, Kw 1Ka also increases. Nonetheless, under
real operating conditions it is seen that inequality of
For MEA, DEA, TEA and MDEA, Table 3 exhibits Eq. (23) is easily satisfied.
this ratio . From the forgoing discussions, it is seen that there
It is thus seen that between temperature 303 to 323 will be negligible formation of S= and under normal
conditions, the contribution of OR- to absorption of
K the lowest value of Kw I Ka is 0.686 X 10-6 in the
H 2S could be neglected.
case of TEA. Therefore under real operating
conditions where concentration of free amine could be
H2S - aqueous alkanolamine equilibrium
more than 0.1 M , it is seen that inequality of Eq. (23)
With the help of above assumption, H 2S-
is easily satisfied. At the top of the countercurrently
alkanol amine equilibrium can now be presented
operated absorber free amine concentration being
Eq. (6b) gives,
higher, say > 2 M, in case of MEA, also this
inequality holds true. As absorbent goes down the
K _ (AmH/) (HS- )
column, free amine concentration goes down and in
SAm - (H 2S) (AmH)
case of MEA , the inequality may not hold true at the
bottom part of the absorber. However at the bottom
portion of the absorber, the effect of equilibrium and Eq. (4b), gives,
partial pressure of H 2S in the gas phase is not

K
Table 3-- Yalues of ~of different alkanolamines at 303, 313
Ka Therefore,
and 323 K (H S) = (H+) (HS- ) ... (24)
IO'(k~lIm')
2
(K HS )
( :: ) x

Amine Temperature, K Eq. (7b), gives

303 313 323
MEA 39.583 37.500 43.830 (H+) = (Ka) (AmH/) .. . (25)
DEA 7.934 9.107 12.106 (AmH)
MDEA 4.834 5.509 7.540
TEA 0.686 0.830 1.201

Table 4-H 2S-aqueous alkanolamine equilibrium data

System Partial Pressure of H2S (KPa) Sulfidation Ratio (a) Partial Pressure of H2S (Kpa) Sulfidation Ratio (a)
Temperature =313 K Temperature = 323 K
0.04 0.045 0.03 0.020
0.22 0.089 0.08 0.043
0.24 Q.loo 0.12 0.093
0.40 0.148 0.24 0.125
0.50 0.169 0.33 0.147
Concentration =2 M Concentration =4 M J>,
0.09 0.009 0.30 0.018
0.59 0.049 0.54 0.036
'"1.88 0.058 1.10 0.050

1.04 0.060 4.33 0.072

1.55 0.071 6.32 0.085
 JAGUSHTE & MAHAJANI : LOW PRESSURE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN H2 S ALKANOLAMINE 131

2.0 . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

Table 5-Variation of ~-factor with respect to temperature and

amine concentration for H2S- DEA and H2 S-TEA systems
Amine Concentration Temperature ~-factor
kmol / m3 K
DEA 2 313 0.316
DEA 2 323 0.167
TEA 2 313 0.500 III
c..
TEA 4 313 0.704 ,.\II 1.0
.S
::t
0.4 0 . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , c..
o
0 .5

0.30

o.0 *,"TTT"rTTTTTT1"TTT"rrrrTTnrrTTTTT1"TTT"rTTTTTT1rrTTTTT1"TTT"rTTT~
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 8.0
~
c<2/(1-0'.) x 10'
CIS
c.. Fig. 4-Plot of a 2 / ( I -a) versus PH S of H2S-TEA (2M) system
~0 . 20
2
C at 3 13 K.

0. 10 pressure through Eq . ( 10). Thus equilibrium pressure

of H 2S over amine solution is given by

0.00 . . . (28)
0 .0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20 .0 25.0 30 .0
';/(1-0:.) x 10'

Fig. 3-Plot of a 2 / ( I -a) versus PH ZS of H2S-DEA (2M) system Z

If a graph of PH 2S against a /( I-a) is plotted, for
at 323 K.
the given concentration of amine (AmH)o, it would be
straight line through the origin. Using the equilibrium
data tabulated in Table. 4, Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 exhibit such
Substituting the above value of (H+) in Eq. (22)
plots for H 2S-DEA and H 2S-TEA system at different
condition s. For H 2S-DEA system, the comparison
(H zS) = (Ka) (AmH/) (HS- ) 11
with dat" publi shed by Mather et al. is presented in
... (26)
(K ls ) (AmH) Fig. 2. The data fit in the model quite well .
At any given time in an absorber there exists many
relation obtained is, ionic spec ies as given by Eqs (1 )-( 11) and therefore
the ad sorbent becomes a non -ideal solution .
4
(moles of H zS) Atwood et al . have shown that even for ionic
a= ,strength of 0 .075, the mean activity coefficient for
(moles of amine)
MEA , DEA and TEA reduces to approximately 0.75
from unity . In order to account for non-ideality, the
If (AmH)o is the original concentration of amine, then
factor ~ has been introduced which takes into account
Eqs (6a) & (26) gives,
dev iation of the system parameters from ideal
situation . Thus,
(HzS) = (Ka) ~ (AmH)o .. . (27)
(Kls ) (I-a)
... (29)
Concentration of (HzS) is also correlated with
132 INDIAN 1. CHEM . TECHNOL., MAY 1999

'T
is introduced to predict the equilibrium between H 2S
and alkanolamine.

Acknowledgement
6.0 .
One o f the authors (MV J) wishes to thank the G P ''1'
Kane Trust for awarding research fellowship to enable
this investigation.

.
.;
Q..
Nomenclature
(A mH ) = concentration of amine, (kmol.m- 3 )
(A mH)" = o ri ginal concentration of amine, (kmol.m- 3 )
2.0
= interfacial area, (m1.m- 3)
= enhancement Factor
= so lubilit y of H 2 S, (kmo l. m-·1.Pa- l )

= eq uil ibrium constant for dIssociation of H2S

0 . 0~~~rnnn"~nnnn"TTrrrnno~,,rrnnrl
0.0 2.0 4.0 6. 0 B.0 in Eq. 4a, (kmol.m- 3 )
c:J.2j( 1-0() J: 10" = eq uilibrium constant in Eq. (5b), (k mol.m- 3 )
K 2S

Fi g. 5- Plo t of a ' / ( I - a ) versus PH S of H1S-TEA (4M) system = equilibri um co nstant in E . (7b) , (kmol.m-.l )
2
Ka · ( pKa)
at 3 13 K. ~h ' (pKh ) =equilibrium constant in Eq . (9b ) , (kmo l.m- 3 )
KG = overall mass transfer coefficient ,
(kmol.m- 2 .Pa- I. s- I )
= gas side mass transfer coefficient,
This fa c t o r-~ can be fun ction of original amine (k mo l m- 2 .Pa- l .s- 1 )
concentration and degree of sulfidation and = liquid side mass trans fer coefficient, ( m.s- I )
te mpe rature. Thus values of Ka , K ts H H,S reported = equilibrium co nstant fo r reactio n of amine
wi th H"S in Eq. (6 b), (kmol.m- 3)
at infinite diluti on can be consi dered and then = equi li brium co nstant in Eq. (8b) in Table I,
correction may be introduced through factor-~ . (gmoI.Kg- 1 )2
Vapour liqui d eq uilibrium data of H 2S- DEA and = parti al pressure of H 2S in !he bulk o f
gas phase. (Pa)
H 2S-TEA system have been correlated with the he lp
=p redi cted equilibrium parti al pressu re of H 2S
of Eqs (2R) a nd (29). Table 5 shows ~-fact or for in the bul k of gas phase, (Pa)
typical sys te m involving aqueous solu tion s of DEA,
=eq ui librium parti al pressu re of H 2S. (pa)
and TEA-syst ems. It can be seen that for DEA-
system, th e va ri ation in the va lu e of ~ -factor was R., =rate of absorpt ion, (kmol.rn- 3 . sec- I)
more (nearl y one hal f) for chan ge in temperature of a =suilldation ratio, Eq . (2)
10K as compared to TEA -sys te m, whe re the amine f3 =c orrectioll factor. Eq. (29)
All {,K ' s are defIned in Ta ble I.
concen trati on was varied from 2M to 4M. It may
impl y that the temperature rather than amine .
concen trati o n has th e pronounced effect on the
parameters wh ich govern th e ~-fa c t or. References
Do raiswamy L K & S harma M M , Heterogeneo us Rcacciolls -
Conclusion Analysis. Examples and Design (Wil ey Interscience, New
An ex perime ntal tec hnique has been developed for York) 1984.
2 Danek werts P V, Gas-Liquid Reactions (McGraw Hil l Book
the meas urement of vapo ur-liquid equilibrium
Co) 1970.
bet ween H 2S a nd aqueous a lkano lamine soluti on 3 Lcibush A G & Shneerso n A L, } Appl Chem (U 5 5 R ), 23
usin g ion- se lective electrode at low partial pressure of ( 1950) 149.
H 2S. Usi ng this tec hniqu e, VLE-data for DEA-H 2S 4 At wood M R, Arnold R C & Kindrick. Ind Eng eire"" 49
and TEA -l-hS systems were measured by varying the (1957) 1439.
5 Muhlbauer H G & Monaghan P R, Oil Gas J, 55 ( 1957 ) 139 .
te mpe rature and amine concentrat io n. By considering
6 Rogers E A, A I e h E J, 43 ( 1997 ) 3223.
a ll the equilibria in the system, a se m iempirical 7 Roc helle G T , Tseng P C , Ho W S & Savage D W , Ind Eng
model is prese nted . A correlation parameter, ~ - fac t or, e ire", Res, 27 ( 1988) 195 .
 JAGUSHTE & MAHAJANI : LOW PRESSURE EQUILlBRlUM BETWEEN H,S ALKANOLAMINE 133

8 Kent R L & Eisenberg B, Hydrocarbon Processing, 55 (1976) 12 Perrin D D, Dissociation Constants Of Organic Bases In
87. Aqueous Solutions (Butterwort London), 1965 .
9 da Silva T A & Danckwerts P V, I Chem Eng Symposium Ser, 13 Little R J, Bos M & Knoop G J, 1 Chem Eng Data, 35 (1990),
28 (1968) 48. 276.
10 Mahajani V V & Joshi J B, Gas Seper and Purifi, 2 (1988) 50 14 Bosch H, Solvents and Reactors for ~cid Gas Treating, Ph D
Thesis, Universiteit-Twente, 1989.
1 I Mather . A E, Otto F D & La! D, Can 1 Chem Eng, 63 (1968) 15 Edwards T J. Maurer G J, Newman J & P,ausnitz M, A I Ch E
1, 24 (1978) 966.