typically include avoiding the threat, reducing the negative effect or probability of the threat,
transferring all or part of the threat to another party, and even retaining some or all of the potential or
actual consequences of a particular threat. T
1. Identify the threats
2. Assess the vulnerability of critical assets to specific threats
3. Determine the risk (i.e. the expected likelihood and consequences of specific types of attacks
on specific assets)
4. Identify ways to reduce those risks
5. Prioritize risk reduction measures
6.
1. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
2. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels
3. Reduce the underlying risk factors.
Which among the elements of risk are critical in disaster risk reduction and management? How? Why?
Among the elements of risk critical to disaster risk reduction and management is strengthening disaster
preparedness for effective response at all levels.
Public awareness and citizens’ response for natural hazards is becoming significant for disaster struck
countries. Much of the panic and emergency could possibly be reduced by raising awareness and
improved through education for everyday people. General suggestion of apathy from the public,
especially in developed countries can be a concern and issues are only raised during the aftermath.
This includes efforts to prevent disaster risk, and to limit the adverse impact of hazards when they occur,
through disaster mitigation, preparedness and response. Meaningful progress requires these efforts to
be embedded in national development processes and fully institutionalised by government.
The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. For
instance, constructing flood defences, planting trees to stabilize slopes and
implementing strict land use and building construction codes.
Among many elements that should be addressed in the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction are lessons learned from more recent natural disasters and in the near future. The current
recovery process should be implemented into building resilience and creating best practice if possible.
Trends indicate developed countries have engaged in progress for positive changes that could also be
implemented towards recovery for developing countries. Public awareness and citizens’ response for
natural hazards is becoming significant for disaster struck countries. Much of the panic and emergency
could possibly be reduced by raising awareness and improved through education for everyday people.
General suggestion of apathy from the public, especially in developed countries can be a concern and
issues are only raised during the aftermath.
Citizens seemed reluctant towards disaster preparedness but more inclined to debate subject matters and
advocacy issues once the disaster occurs. International organizations and Disaster Risk Reductions
address concerning issues and since the disasters are unpredictable, the importance remains priority as
listed in one of the ‘five priority actions’. Some developing countries are prone to natural hazards and
many have lived and survived through almost all kinds of natural disasters in their lifetime. The dialogue is
an opportunity to strengthen and build resilience by global networks and gain valuable insights from
practitioners and also at regional and local levels.
The prevention/mitigation phase involves: establishing a vital records program, completing
risk management processes, and developing a disaster prevention plan.
The four primary phases are:
1. Preparedness - First, prepare to protect yourself, others and items of great
importance in the event an emergency/disaster occurs.
2. Response - When there is an actual occurrence, administer first aid or get medical
attention for victims if necessary. Attend to other emergency procedures that must
take place in order to lessen the impact.
3. Recovery - After things are under control, begin the clean up or repair any damage
and if necessary, call in professional restoration services.
4. Mitigation - Finally, ask how did this disaster, accident or emergency happen and
how can any problems that occurred in handling the incident be lessened.
. Reducing these two components of risk requires identifying and reducing the underlying
drivers of risk
understand the hazards, and the exposure and vulnerability of people and assets to
those hazards.
Governments need to invest in the collection, management and dissemination of risk
information, including disaster loss and impact statistics, hazard models, exposure
databases and vulnerability information. At the same time, they need to put standards
and mechanisms in place to ensure openness and transparency so that users not only
have access to the information they need but are aware of its underlying assumptions
and limitations
