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There Are Two Methods of Chaining On Sloping Grounds

There are two methods for measuring distances along sloping ground: direct and indirect. The direct method divides the ground into horizontal and vertical strips and measures and sums the horizontal lengths. The indirect method uses a clinometer, applies hypotenusal allowances, or measures differences in elevation between points to calculate horizontal distances from sloping measurements.

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Asanterabi Laizer
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2K views6 pages

There Are Two Methods of Chaining On Sloping Grounds

There are two methods for measuring distances along sloping ground: direct and indirect. The direct method divides the ground into horizontal and vertical strips and measures and sums the horizontal lengths. The indirect method uses a clinometer, applies hypotenusal allowances, or measures differences in elevation between points to calculate horizontal distances from sloping measurements.

Uploaded by

Asanterabi Laizer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

METHOD OF CHAINING ON

SLOPING GROUNDS

There are two methods of chaining on


sloping grounds

Direct method
Indirect method
Direct method
In this method the
sloping ground is
divided into a number
of horizontal and
vertical strips
The lengths of
horizontal portions
are measured and
added to get the total
horizontal distance
•Indirect method
There are further three types of indirect
method
By using clinometer
By applying hypotenusal allowance
By knowing the difference of level
between the points
By using clinometer
A clinometer is a graduated
semicircular protractor
We measure the slope of the
ground by using clinometer
We resolve the sloping
distance into its horizontal
component by using the
formula
Horizontal component =(magnitude of sloping
distance )(cosα)
Horizontal component is the
required distance
By applying hypotenusal
allowance
In this method the
slope of the ground is
found by clinometer
C
Hypotenusal allowance
is made for each step
Then hypotenusal
allowance is applied on
A
each step until the end
of line is reached
Knowing the difference of
level
 In this method the difference of level of two
points on the slope is measured by a levelling
instrument

 Then the sloping distances are measured

 A triangle will form then by applying


pathagorous theorem the horizontal distance
is measured

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