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Cours2 HTML

HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to identify headings, paragraphs, images, and other elements. Tags like <h1> indicate a top-level heading, while <p> defines a paragraph. HTML allows browsers to understand how to display content correctly by explicitly defining each element.

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Achraf Sallem
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125 views

Cours2 HTML

HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags to identify headings, paragraphs, images, and other elements. Tags like <h1> indicate a top-level heading, while <p> defines a paragraph. HTML allows browsers to understand how to display content correctly by explicitly defining each element.

Uploaded by

Achraf Sallem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is HTML?

Think of a document that you would create in a word processor like Microsoft Word or Google
Docs. They usually consist of more than one style. They use different font sizes to indicate
different section of the text, like headers, main content, footers, table of contents, captions, and
so on.

Whereas a human can simply look at a document and understand the difference between a
heading and a paragraph, computers have no such intuition. In order to render correctly a web
page, it must be explicitly told what each piece of content is.

So how exactly do we tell the browser to display a content? This is where Hyper Text Markup
Langauge (or HTML for short) comes in handy.

HTML is the language in which most websites are written. It is used to create pages and make
them functional.

 Hypertext defines the link between the web pages.


 Markup language is used to define the text document within tag which defines the
structure of web pages.

Html code structure


HTML tree
Since html is the skeleton of our web page, it should be very organized and well structured to
make it easy to the browser to display it.
Here html is represented as a tree of tags. The root element of this tree is always the <html> tag.

HTML start coding


Let's start Coding
Now, let’s make our hands a little bit dirty!
Remember the folder structure that we have talked about in the previous chapter? It’s the time to
use it.

Inside the GoMyCode folder we are going to create a file named index.html

1. Open this file in vscode and paste the following code.

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title> Hello world ! </title>

</head>

<body>

<h1> This is my first application ! </h1>

<!-- this is a comment -->

</body>

</html>

2. Save the modification.


3. Open index.html in the browser and see the result.

 Don’t be afraid, we are going to understand every part at a time.


 Every thing in html is build using tags, there are two types of tags:
o Paired tag: it has to be closed, it composed from an opening tag and a closing
tag with some content inside of it.
o Unpaired tag: this one does not have to be closed it self closing tag.
 Every element in our html tree is composed from an opening tag <h1> a content and a
closing tag </h1> .
 Comments are very important for the developers to understand their code and others
code.
The comment does not appear to the user. It lives only in the code file.
To create a comment in html, you only need to put it inside a comment tag <!-- what
ever you want to say --> .
 One last thing, the html file structure is always the same.

The html tag:


As we have seen earlier, everything is contained inside < html > tag.
 It is a crucial tag. It tells the browser that the content is located between
< html > and < /html>.
 It is also called the “root” element.
<html>

<!--Everything-->

</html>
The body Tag:

The body element appears after the head element in the page. It should contain all the content of
your web page: text, images, and so on.

All web pages have 1 single body element, in order to understand the tags inside the body, we
will divide them into:

 Headings
 Text Formatting and Line Breaking Tags
 Paragraphs
 Images
 Audio and Video
 Links
 Lists
 Tables
 Buttons
 Forms and Inputs

Let’s get to know them one by one.

The head tag:


<head>

<title>My Beautiful Page</title>

<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/>

</head>
The head element contains information about the web page. You can put many elements inside
of it such as:
Title => Sets the title of the page
Link => links elements to html, such as the page icon, CSS files...Etc.
Other tags we will see later in the course
Here’s an example down below,” rel” and “href” are called tag attributes, we will get back to them
later in the course.
For now, to set the icon, you need to set rel to “icon” and href to the link to your image.**

Heading tags:
The HTML standard has five additional text heading elements, appropriately defined from < h1
> to < h6 >. They are considered as Paired Tags (We have to close them )

<h1>This is a h1 Heading</h1>

This is a h1 Heading
<h2>This is a h2 Heading</h2>

This is a h2 Heading
<h3>This is a h3 Heading</h3>

This is a h3 Heading
<h4>This is a h4 Heading</h4>

This is a h4 Heading
<h5>This is a h5 Heading</h5>

This is a h5 Heading
<h6>This is a h6 Heading</h6>

This is a h6 Heading

Paired tag:
This is a <b>bold</b> tag test

This is a bold tag test

This is an <i>italic</i> tag test

This is an italic tag test

This is a <del>deleted</del> tag test

This is a deleted tag test


 Paired Tags: ( if the text is placed between a tag and its companion tag.) Example :
<b>: Bold Text
<i>: Italic Text
<small>: displays smaller text
<del>: defines deleted text
 Unpaired tag: (does not have a companion tag. In other words it doesn’t close)
<br>: breaks a line

Note: HTML doesn’t read spaces, you need to use <br> to jump a line

Paragraph tag:
The < p > Tag defines a paragraph in HTML.
the browser breaks a line without the need of the < br> tag.
Paragraphs are automatically separated by a line break.
It's like when you write a paragraph in a word document, paragraphs need to be separated from
each other to give them sense.

Here’s an example :

<p>My first paragraph</p>

<p>My second paragraph</p>

My first paragraph
My second paragraph

Html attribute:
HTML attributes provide additional information about a HTML element. Attributes can be
considered as properties of the element. An element may have a single attribute, many attributes,
or no attributes at all.
Attributes are placed in the opening tag, with a space after the element declaration (or another
attribute, if there are multiple)

Let’s take a look at an example heading with a title attribute:

<h2 title="This is a subheading">Hello, World!</h2>

Here's the output that we should have :

Hello, World!

The image tag:


The < img > tag is responsible for adding images to your HTML page.,Basically, the “src” attribute
takes the URL of your image or its path on your computer. The “alt” attribute is your plan B if your
image fails to load.
Unlike most of the elements we have encountered thus far, the img element does not have a
closing tag .

<!-- Incorrect img declaration -->

<img src="path/to/image/dog.jpg" alt="A dog" > </img>

<!-- Correct img declaration -->

<img src="path/to/image/dog.jpg" alt="A dog" >

Linked page:

One of the most important aspects of the World Wide Web is the ability to link to other parts of the
web.
Without a way to redirect our HTML page to other web addresses, there really wouldn’t be a
“web” at all!
We can connect a HTML page to other web pages by creating a hyperlink using the anchor tag.

The audio tag:


To play an audio html file, use the < audio > element:
The controls attribute is necessary. It adds audio controls, likes play, pause, and volume.
The < source > element allows you to specify alternative audio files which the browser may
choose from.
The browser will use the first recognized format.
The text between < audio >< /audio> will be displayed only if the audio file is not supported by the
browser.

<audio controls>

<source src="test.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">

Please Check the audio Extension

</audio>

HTML lists :
Lists are used to group together related pieces of information so they are clearly associated with
each other and easy to read. In modern web development, lists are workhorse elements,
frequently used for navigation as well as general content.

Lists are good from a structural point of view as they help create a well-structured, more
accessible, easy-to-maintain document. They are also useful because they provide specialized
elements to which you can attach CSS styles. Finally, semantically correct lists help visitors read
your web site, and they simplify maintenance when your pages need to be updated.

There is many types of list. Let's see the most used :

 Ordered list
 Unordered list
 Description list

Div tag:
<div> is certainly one of the most useful tags in HTML.
The <div>, a block-level element,like a component, or a bag. It can contain many HTML
elements in order to apply a modification on them as a whole section.
<div> helps in organizing your code as well as in being creative using CSS. We will see how a
does that later in the course.

<div>

<h1>This is the first division</h1>

</div>

<div>
<h1>This is the second division</h1>

</div>

Our code output would be :

This is the first division


This is the second division

Table
There are plenty of instances where you’ll want to present a table of data on your web page.
If you haven’t worked with tabular data before, it will be useful to know that a table consists of
rows and columns. Each row/column pair has a piece of data associated with it, referred to as a
table cell.
Let’s dive straight in and convert the table below into HTML.

HTML CSS JS

Paragraphs Selector DOM


s

Tables Styles Elements

What is semantic tag?


As yet, we have focused on using HTML to structure our web pages and provide a certain
presentation of the content. With the HTML5 standard, Now you need to clearly indicate
the meaning of each piece of your web page’s content, And we call that Semantic HTML.

Typically focusing on using HTML to semantically structure your web content provides several
benefits, including:

 making your web content vastly more accessible to readers with disabilities
 applying styles with CSS will become more consistent and predictable
 earch engines will use the semantic information to better understand your web pages

What is html form?


In HTML, forms are a way of receiving input from users and are, therefore, very useful for
collecting website data. Forms have a lot of relevance in modern times as they are commonly
used for sign-ups, authentication, and comments.

A form can be created with the <form> tag.

<html>

<head>

</head>

<body>

<form>

A form

</form>

</body>

</html>

The code output would be :


A form

Form input:
The most useful component of a form is the input tag, which creates a text field where users
can enter data. Here’s an example:

<form>

Search <input type = "text" name = "search" />

</form>

Output

As seen in the code above, there is a type and name associated with inputs.


The type defines the nature of the input (text, url, email,...), while the name allows us to
access the input data for future use. You can think of the name as a variable in which the input
data is stored. Other properties of input include:

 size
 value
 maxlength
 readonly
HTML RECAP
So until now, we have been busy understanding how important html's mastery is.
We have been learning how to :

 Build our web page,


 Fefine the structure,
 And, add content.

But, if you take a look at the result, you will find that it’s far away from an actual web page. We
are developing an unattractive web page with no esthetic and forms output.
Right now, the further step is to resolve that problem, and we will start giving some style to our
web pages.

HTML Checkpoint project


Submitted
BG
Badreddine Gha
Statement
Instructions
Update project
Checkpoint history
OBJECTIVES
Welcome to your second checkpoint, you will create a portfolio web page.

You will find an example in the link below and will recreate the structure using html.

In this checkpoint you should:

- Use Semantic Tags.

-  Add a Video/Audio to the web page.

- Use Local Links Use Lists Or Tables,

-  And Forms.

Here's an example to use as a guideline (do not replicate exactly, be creative)

INSTRUCTIONS
1-Create the navbar: Home,About,Work,Resume,Contact 
2-Create the “About” section,”Work” Section,”Resume”
Section,”Contact”Section(Using HTML Forms) 

3-Create The page footer.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/14heHM4DZ84YFU4uhxFS5gyK1WWIn9EP3/view

QUESTIONS
Question 1
What's HTML?

HTML is short for HyperText Markup Language and is the language of the World Wide Web. It is
the standard text formatting language used for creating and displaying pages on the Web. HTML
documents are made up of two things: the content and the tags that format it for proper display
on pages.

Correct answer

HTML is short for HyperText Markup Language and is the language of the World Wide Web. It is
the standard text formatting language used for creating and displaying pages on the Web.
Your answer
Question 2
What are tags?

Content is placed in between HTML tags in order to properly format it. It makes use of the less
than symbol (<) and the greater than symbol (>). A slash symbol is also used as a closing tag.
For example:

`<h1>hello</h1>`

Correct answer

Content is placed in between HTML tags in order to properly format it. It makes use of the less
than symbol (<) and the greater than symbol (>).
Your answer
Question 3
Do all HTML tags come in a pair?

No, there are single HTML tags that do not need a closing tag. Examples the <br> and the <img>

Correct answer

No
Your answer
Question 4
What are common lists that can be used when designing a page?
You can insert any or a combination of the following list types: 

– ordered list 

– unordered list 

– description list 

– menu list 

– directory list Each of this list types makes use of a different tag set to compose

Correct answer

You can insert any or a combination of the following list types: – ordered list – unordered list
Your answer
Question 5
How do you insert a comment in HTML?

Comments in HTML begins with less than, exclamation mark and two dash  by two dash with
greater than symbol, <! –– and the comment closes with ––>

Correct answer

Comments in HTML begins with less than, exclamation mark and two dash by two dash with
greater than symbol, <--!
Your answer
Question 6
What are the table tags?

HTML Tables are defined with the `<table>`  tag. `<tr>` tags are for rows, `<td>` tags are for
column and `<th>` are for the column name

Correct answer

HTML Tables are defined with the `<table>` tag. `<tr>` tags are for rows, `<td>` tags are for
column and `<th>` are for the column name
Your answer
Question 7
What does the div Tag?

Helps organizing your code as well as being creative using CSS.

Correct answer

Helps organizing your code as well as being creative using CSS.


Your answer

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