PROJECT REPORT

ON

OBJECT COUNTING DEVICE

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the partial completion of

MINI PROJECT
[19EC3PWMP1]

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM

SUBMITTED BY:

ROHIT R BANDEKAR 1BM18EC119

RUCHIR KUMAR KADWEY 1BM18EC123
SAURANSH SINGH 1BM18EC127
SHIKHAR SINGH 1BM18EC134
TANAY SOMNANI 1BM18EC165

Under the Guidance of

Dr. KIRAN BAILEY
(Assistant Professor, ECE, BMSCE)

August - December 2019

 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

B.M.S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Autonomous College Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
Bull Temple Road, Basavanagudi, Bangalore-560019

DECLARATION

We undersigned students of third semester B.E in Electronics and Communication Engineering,

BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “OBJECT
COUNTING DEVICE”, embodies the report of my project work carried out independently by us
under the guidance of Dr. Kiran Bailey, Assistant Professor, E&C Department, BMSCE, Bangalore
in fulfilment for the mini project in the third semester which is course in Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics and Communication from Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the
academic year 2018-2019.

We also declare that to the best of our knowledge and belief, this project has not been submitted for
the award of any other degree on earlier occasion by any student.

Place: Bangalore
Date: 31/12/2019

ROHIT R BANDEKAR 1BM18EC119

RUCHIR KUMAR KADWEY 1BM18EC123
SAURANSH SINGH 1BM18EC127
SHIKHAR SINGH 1BM18EC134
TANAY SOMNANI 1BM18EC165

Dept of ECE BMSCE

 B.M.S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Autonomous College under VTU)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “OBJECT COUNTING DEVICE” is a bonafide work
carried out by ROHIT R BANDEKAR (USN:1BM18EC119), RUCHIR KUMAR KADWEY
(USN:1BM18EC123), SAURANSH SINGH (USN:1BM18EC127), SHIKHAR SINGH
(USN:1BM18EC134), TANAY SOMNANI (USN:1BM18EC165) in fulfillment for the
completion of MINI PROJECT [19EC3PWMP1] during the academic year 2019-2020.

Dr. Kiran Bailey [Link] R Shankar Dr. B. V. Ravishankar

Assistant Prof., ECE, BMSCE HOD, ECE, BMSCE Principal, BMSCE

External Examination: Signature with date:

1.

2.

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ABSTRACT

Recent advancement in information technology is leading towards a pressurized

world altogether by replacing the traditional way of living with technology. With the
development of technology and the continuous improvement of people's living
standard, people are in pursuit of automated, intelligent and convenient control
systems. To make peoples life easier automation systems are required. For example,
if there is a need to maintain the parking lots without any of the human effort than it
can be achieved by an object counting device, which in turn keeps the count for the
number of vehicles parked. This as a result will sense whether the parking lot is full
or not.
With this project we will be able to count 100 objects.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Any achievement, be it scholastic or otherwise does not depend solely on the individual efforts but on
the guidance, encouragement and cooperation of intellectuals, elders and friends. A number of
personalities, in their own capacities have helped us in carrying out this project work. We would
like to take this opportunity to thank them all.

We express profound gratitude to respected principal Dr. B. V. Ravishankar, BMS College of

Engineering for providing a congenial environment to work in. Our sincere gratitude to Dr. Aarti
R. Shankar, Head of the Department, Electronics and Communication Engineering for encouraging
and providing this opportunity to carry out the project in the department.

We would like to thank our guide Dr Kiran Bailey, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE who
helped us in all the ways to carry out the project work. He stood beside and guided us in every step.
Our special thanks to Dr G. Poornima, Associate Professor, Department of ECE who helped us in
developing the circuit for our project.

We will be incomplete, if we don't mention our heartfelt thanks to Mr. HARISH V MEKALI,
Robotics Lab head, assistant professor, ECE Dept, BMSCE, and Mr. JEERU DINESH REDDY,
assistant professor, ECE Dept, BMSCE who helped us in all the ways to carry out the project work.

We would like to share the joy completing the project to all the team members of NXP lab. We
thank all our professors for providing the basic knowledge without which this project wouldn't have
been possible. Last but not the least we thank our family and friends, who made their valuable
support compelled us to maintain a standard throughout our endeavour.

Rohit R Bandekar
Ruchir Kumar Kadwey
Sauransh Singh
Shikhar Singh
Tanay Somnani

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 CONTENTS

TOPIC
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction 
1.2 Problem definition
1.3 Objective of the project

Chapter 2: Literature survey

Chapter 3: Methodology and Implementation

3.1 Block diagram
3.2 Project flow
3.3 Hardware architecture
3.3.1 Circuit diagram
3.3.2 Components description
3.4 Software architecture
3.4.1 Algorithm / Flow chart 

Chapter 4: Results and Discussion 

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Work

 
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Future Work

REFERENCES
ANNEXURE      

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 optocoupler Relay
Soil temperature sensor CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Data SIM900A
acquisition Display
model Battery
Battery level indicator
INTRODUCTION

Object counter is a device, which is design to count number of objects, which passes through it that
can be detected. For this purpose LDR sensors are used. LDR senses the object (IC 74LS90)
Counter keeeps the count of it and (IC7447N) Decoder displays the count on the segment. As we
know LDR sensors are used to detect the amount of light falling on the sensor. This principle is
used for the object counting device. Whenever the light falls on the sensor it gives an input which is
given as a clock pulse to the mod-10 counter which is the one’s digit. Now to make this project
more compatible with the mordern world. We use the principle of feedback system in order to make
it a two digit counter. For the same we connect those outputs of the first counter to the nand gate
which has high output. In this case we take the feedback for the last case i.e, 9. Now this feedback
is given to the clear input through a not gate to the first counter itself. For counting more than 9 we
give input to the second counter asd soon as the first counter reaches 0 after every 9.
So in this way we can count the objects till 99 theough the use of the project, to give a general idea
about system of making object counting device till N numbers.

Dept of ECE BMSCE

CONCLUSION

1. A people counter is an electronic device that is used to measure the number of people
traversing a certain passage or entrance. When people will pass through (the entrance gate)
this sensor it will keep the count of people entering the particular stations and it could give a
estimate count of the people entered the premises.

2. Product counting in factories. As in this when the packaging is done then this sensor can be
put so to get the count of the products that have been manufactured through the machine.
3. This will help the factory officials to keep the record of the products got packed through
particular time.

4. Count of luggage at airport, Metro Stations, Malls, as when the luggage is passed through
the conveyor belt there we can place this system to count the luggage travelled through it .

5. Used in banks and places where heavy cash is involved, so that it can be done more
efficiently.
6. Parking in malls, hotels and etc. This keeps a count on the number of cars parked.

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PROBLEM DEFINITION

Around 15 million people travel through flights in india every 3 days, Keeping record of the
luggages manually is not efficient as well as feasible ,simillarly in metros ,trains keeping track of
people and luggages is not easy manually and also cost effective , as counting manually is not a
good option as its time consuming, very much error possibility, not so much cost effective as well
as chances of human error is possibles. Maintainenece of the parking can be made in a more
efficient way by keeping a check on number of cars entering according to the space available inside
the zone.

PROPOSED SOLUTION

For the counting of the object whether it be some manufacturers product or be people in airports or
metros or be luggages in the airport and railway station that could be counted with use of counters,
sensor and LEDs.
As when the light falls on the LDR sensor the (I.C 7490)counter system won’t start counting as
when the light is stopped by the object then the counter gets the signal for counting and it starts the
counting without the use of microcontroller as it displays the count using (I.C 7447) decoder
through which we will display value from seven segment LED display.
As we connect 2 counters such that ,the second counter starts counting only when the the first one
stops as one counter is counting for one’s place and another for ten’s place when counter reaches 9
i.e 1001 then we give NAND of 1’s to the second counter such that it only counts when counter
exceeds values of 9, it could be made to count objects greater than 99 simillarly by adding
[Link] this circuit it is possible to counter all the problems discussed earlier , and it
wouldbecome cost effective, less time consuming and accurate i.e chances of error is less.

Chapter 3: Methodology and Implementation

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE:

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 DECADE COUNTER (IC7490) COUNTER (IC7447)

NAND GATE (IC 7400) NOT GATE (IC 7404)

JUMPER CABLES 7-SEGMENT D

LDR SENSOR MODULE

ESTIMATED COST

1. 7490 Decade Counter – Rs. 50/-

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 2. LDR sensor module – Rs. 60/-

3. 7400 NAND(4 input) – Rs. 20/-

4. 7404 NOT – Rs. 18/-

5. 7447N Seven Segment Decoder – Rs. 35/-

6. LED seven segment – Rs. 10/-

7. Breadboard – Rs. 60/-

8. Jumper cables (Male to Female)– Rs. 30/-

PROJECT FLOW

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LITERATURE SURVEY

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 1. LDR SENSING DEVICE –
It’s the device which gives an high output signal (analog/digital) when light falls on it ,
as it’s resistance decreases .
2. ASYNCHRONUS MOD 10 COUNTER –
74LS90 is a mod 10 decade counter that generate a bcd output cide . It consists of four
master slave JK flip flop , which are internallynconnected to provide mod-2 counter
and mod-5 counter. 74LS90 also have an independent toggle JK flip –flop by clk A and
other three are driven by the clk B.
3. DECODERS –
Decoder is combinational circuit that has ‘n’input lines and maximum of 2^n output
lines. One of these outputs will be active high basd on the combination of inputs
present, when the decoder is enabled . That means decoder detects a particular code.
4. SEQUENTIAL COUNTER –
Counter is a sequential circuit . A digital circuit which is used for a counting pulses is
known counter . Counter is the widest application of flip –flops with a clock sognal
applied. It is of two types-
i. Asynchronus.
ii. Synchronus (Ripple).
5. MULTISIM –
It is an electronic schematic capture and simulation program which is a part of a suite
circuit design programs, along with ni ultiboard. Multisim is one of few circuits design
programs to employ the orignal berkeley spice based software simulation.
6. PHOTODETECTORS –
It is also called photo sensors of light or other electromagnetic radiation .a photo
detector has a p-n junction that converts light photons into current. The absorbed
photons make electron- hole pairs in the depletion region. Photodiodes and photo
transistors are a few examples of photodetectors.

7. SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY-

A seven segment display is aform of electronic display device for displaying decimal
numerals that is an alternative to more complex dot matrix displays . Seven segment
displays are widely used in digital clocks , electronic meters,
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 basic calculators and other electronic devices that display numerical information.
8. NEGATIVE EDGED TRIGGERING CLOCK-
Describing a circuit or component that changes itts state only when an input signal
becomes low .
9. FEED BACK CIRCUITS IN DIGITAL ELECTRONICS –
Feedback is defined as process of returning part of the signal output from a circuit or
device back to the input of that circuit or device. Feedback systems are widely used in
amplifier,process control systems .
[Link] OF LOGICAL GATES –
The functionality of nand and not gate is used . Nand gate is a logic gate which
produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true , whereas not gate it is
used as an inverter, swapping of signal happens.

REFERENCES
PAPERS

Dept of ECE BMSCE

 1. OPTICAL LIGHT POWER CONSUMPTION AND USES OF LDR – IEEE, AUTHOR-GHASAAN
MAAN SALIM,HASIMAH ISMAIL,NIRANJAN DEBNATH,[Link].
2. DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF SEQUENTIAL COUNTERS–IEEE PUBLICATIONS,
AUTHOR - RUPALI SINGH,MANOJ KUMAR PANDEY.
3. MULTISIM BASED SCHEMATIC DESIGN AND SIMULATION – IEEE, AUTHOR - JING
ZHANG,XIN GUANG LI,COMPUTER SIMULATION 5,032,2005
4. PHOTODETECTORS- IEEE, AUTHOR - SILVANO DONATI,PRENTICE HALL PTR,1999
5. VITAL MONITORING SYSETM FOR SEVEN-SEGMENT DISPLAY –IEEE, AUTHOR -
BERNARD J SPROLE, DAVID E CICHOWSKI, US PATENT5,812,102,1998
6. CLOCK GATING AND NEGATIVE EDGE TRIGGERING -VISHWANADH
TRIUMALASHETTY, HAMID MAHAMOODI, 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS ,1141-1144,2007
7. AREA EFFICIENT,HIGH SPEED PARALLEL COUNTERS - IEEE, AUTHOR -[Link],
[Link],[Link].

BOOKS
1. LDR SENSORS – HANDBOOK OF MODERN SENSORS BY JACOB FRADEN.
2. DECODERS,COUNTERS 7 –SEGMENT DISPLAY – DIGITAL DESIGN BY M. MORRIS MANO
AND MICHAEL [Link].
3. DIODES,RESISTERS,OPAM CIRCUITS,TRANSISTORS – ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND
CIRCUITS BY ROBERT L. BOYLESTED.

WEBPAGES
[Link]
[Link]

YOUTUBE LINKS
[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

Dept of ECE BMSCE

 ANNEXURE

Object counting device is very useful both at present and in the future. As discussed
earlier it can be used in different sectors such as industries railway stations parking
lots etc. This can bring a great revolution in the different sectors of the society
including the primary sector as well.

CIRCUIT CONNECTIONS OF OBJECT COUNTING DEVICE

Dept of ECE BMSCE
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Counting being a tedious work everywhere and manual counting is nearly impossible,
we have come up with a better alternative which makes it more simpler and precise
“THE OBJECT COUNTING DEVICE”. As the name suggests it’s a counter which
counts people, objects and can be used in day to day life. The signal generated by the
LDR sensor is used as an clock pulse to the counter. The input stimuli to the sensor is
light , so as the counter is negatively edge triggered , we get an output when the clock
falls from 1 to 0 .And the LED display is used for displaying the output. The whole
circuit is efficient and more precise which is more necessary. As its an electronic
circuit , there’s no space for error and the counting is more precise.

Dept of ECE BMSCE