FACTORS AFFECTING
SOLUBILITY
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S OLUBILITY
• whether or not a solute will dissolve in a
solvent and the extent in which it will
dissolve
• the amount of a solute that will dissolve
in a specific solvent given condition
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FACTORS THAT AFFECT SOLUBILITY
• The nature of the solute and solvent
• Temperature
• Pressure (only applicable to gases)
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NATURE OF SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
Remember Covalent and Ionic?
• Polar Solvent- a liquid made up of polar
molecules
• Non-polar Solvent- a liquid made up of
non-polar molecules
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Nature Of Solute And Solvent
• When two substances are similar they
can dissolve in each other
– polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents
– non-polar solutes tend to dissolve in non-
polar solvents
• “like dissolves like”
– two liquids dissolve in each other because
their molecules are alike in polarity
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Nature Of Solute And Solvent
• Ionic compounds are made up of
charged ions similar to polar
compounds
• Ionic compounds are more soluble in a
polar solvent than in a non-polar solvent
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Nature Of Solute And Solvent
Solute Polar Solvent Non-polar solvent
Polar Soluble Insoluble
Non-Polar Insoluble Soluble
Ionic Soluble Insoluble
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TEMPERATURE
• Solutions of gases in liquids are affected by
temperature
– as temperature increases, the solubility of a
GAS in a liquid decreases
• WHY?
– As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of
the solute gas increases and the gas can
escape
• Solubility of SOLIDS in liquids: total opposite
– the solubility of a solid increases as the
temperature increases (there are a few
exceptions) www.remixeducation.in
TEMPERATURE
• Temperatures Affecting the Solubility as the
Solution is Formed
– When the temperature drops while you mix the
solute and solvent, raising the temperature will
increase solubility
– If the temperature stays neutral, the
temperature will have minimal or insignificant
effect either way
– If the temperature is increased when the
solute and solvent are mixed, raising the
temperature will decrease solubility
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P RE SSURE
• When the pressure is increased over the
SOLVENT, the solubility of the gas is
increased.
• Why?
– pressure increases as gas molecules strike
the surface to enter solution is increased
• Henry’s Law: solubility of gas is directly
proportional to the partial pressure of the gas
above the liquid
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FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
p=khc
p= partial pressure
kh= gas constant
(dimensions: pressure divided by
concentration, depends on the solute, solvent
and temperature)
c= concentration of the solute
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FACTORS OF DISSOLVING
• rate of which a solid solute dissolves in
a solution depends on three factors:
surface area, stirring, and temperature
• the rate of dissolving is unrelated to the
solubility if the solutes dissolves quickly
or slowly does not alter or depend on its
solubility
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S URFACE ARE A
• dissolving solutes happen in the surface
area of the solvent
• speed up the process by increasing the
surface area
• The greater the surface area per unit
mass, the quicker it will dissolve
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S TIRRING
• dissolving happens at the surface of the
solvent
• contact between the solvent and the
solute is increased
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TEMPERATURE
• raising the temperature increases the
rate at which a solute dissolves
• solvent particles move faster as they
come in contact more with the solute
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THANK YOU
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