RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
GRADUATE SCHOOL
ONLINE LEARNING MODULE
TOPIC Basic Process Control System
INTENDED SUBJECT PROCESS CONTROL ENGINEERING
SYLLABI WEEK NO. 3
KEYWORDS Process Control, Process Control Management
RESOURCES
LEARNING Upon completion of this module you will be able to:
OBJECTIVE(S) 1. know the importance of Process Control
2. Identify different Kinds of Variables
3. Differentiate the three Basic Component of Control System
4. Identify Process Control Diagram
5. Identify three principle type of signal
6. Differentiate Regulatory and servo control
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
1. Identification of PID in simple process diagram.
Designer: Dr. Ronaldo S. Tinio
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Summative Test
Figure 3.0 A weight control system from the Antics. An automatic bartender?
The weight control system shown in Figure 3.0 seems to be an automatic bartender.1 Explain how the control system
works.
Below are mentioned several processes which are supposed to be controlled. The process output variable is indicated
in parenthesis.
For each of the processes, what is
• control (manipulating) variable
• disturbances or loads or environmental variables (these are alternative names)
Make your own assumptions.
The processes are as follows:
1. Robot arm or manipulator driven by an electric motor (arm position)
2. Steam heated heat exchanger with some process fluid to be heated (temperature of fluid outlet)
3. Ship positioned with thrusters (denoted a dynamic positioning system) (ship position)
Designer: Dr. Ronaldo S. Tinio
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
GRADUATE SCHOOL
LESSON PROPER
1. Basic Process Control System Definition:
system which handles process control and monitoring for a facility or piece of equipment.
responsible for the proper operation of the plant, and in many instances is used in the first layer of protection against unsafe
conditions.
Why we need to control a process? Because processes are dynamic – changes always occurred
What does a control system do? Maintain certain variables within some limit e.g temperature in a room
There are many applications where part or all of a process has to be controlled. e.g.
a. Temperature d. Level
b. pressure e. Composition
c. flow f. Others
Automatic Control
Maintaining the process variables (temperature, pressures, flows, compositions) at some desired operating value.
Systems that control the variables without requiring intervention from the operator.
2. Importance of Process Control
a. energy savings - energy wastage is reduced when your plant and machinery are efficiently operated
b. improved safety- control systems automatically warn you of any abnormalities which minimises the risk of accidents
c. consistent product quality - variations in product quality are kept to a minimum and reduce your wastage
d. lower manufacturing costs -detecting faults early means throughput, yield and quality are maintained
e. improved environmental performance - systems can give you an early warning of a rise in emissions.
3. Kinds of Variables
a. Controlled variables - the variable that must be maintained at the desired value (set point)
b. Manipulated variables - the variable that need to be regulated in order to maintain the controlled variable at the set point
c. Disturbances - variables that tend to drive the controlled variable away from the set point
d. Uncontrolled variables - Variables in the process that are not controlled.
Designer: Dr. Ronaldo S. Tinio
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
GRADUATE SCHOOL
An Everyday Example of Process Control
Control Objective (Setpoint):
Maintain the temperature in the room (27 oC)
Controlled variable:
Temperature in the room
Manipulated variable:
Speed of the fan
Disturbance:
Weather
4. Three Basic Component of Control System
a. Measurement (M) measure the variable to be controlled. sensor-transmitter combination
b. Decision (D) Controller decides what to do to maintain the variables at its desired value feedback controller
c. Action (A) System must take an action based on controller’s decision control valve (final control element)
Other important terms
d. Set point (SP)-desired value of the control variable.
e. Open loop system - The behavior with no controllers in the system
f. Closed loop system– the controller is connected to the process, comparing the set point to the controlled variable and
determining and taking corrective action
5. Process Control Diagram
Designer: Dr. Ronaldo S. Tinio
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
GRADUATE SCHOOL
6. Process Control Diagram
7. Three principle type of signal
Designer: Dr. Ronaldo S. Tinio
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
GRADUATE SCHOOL
8. Differentiate Regulatory and servo control
a. For process that the controlled variable deviates from set point because of disturbance – regulatory control
b. For process that the most important disturbance is the set point itself – servo control
Designer: Dr. Ronaldo S. Tinio
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Course Flow
Learning Module Topic
Learning Objective/s
Intended Learning Activities
Lesson Proper
Learning Activities
Generalization
Learning Assignment
Designer: Dr. Ronaldo S. Tinio
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Boni Avenue, Mandaluyong City
GRADUATE SCHOOL
GENERALIZATION
The Basic process control system cater a big role to obtain a proper operation of the plant to protection against unsafe
conditions since process are dynamic, meaning changes always occurred due to different types of variables to consider.
It is also important to save energy, help to achieve consistent product quality, lower manufacturing cost and improve
environmental performance.
LEARNINGASSIGNMENT
An additional point of view for module 1 (not mandatory).
REFERENCE/S
https://stiautomation.net/basic-process-control-systems/
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/291180321/1-INTRODUCTION-TO-PROCESS-CONTROL-1-ppt?
fbclid=IwAR2DysxO7Nhh7CbaqIdSCX0KAlTZxRoohilI1lAVXUFimxwLPZDfklqK_p0
https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/process-control-systems-industrial-processes
Designer: Dr. Ronaldo S. Tinio
