C Fundamentals

Dr. Odelu Vanga

Department of Computer Science and Information Systems

Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
[email protected]

February 03, 2020

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 1 / 22

 Today’s Topics

Expression Evaluations
Precedence of Operator
Logical Operators
Relational Operators
Bitwise operators
Comma (operator, separator)
Some Interesting Evaluations

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 2 / 22

 Expressions with Multiple Operators

Unary operators (example, plus (+) and negative (-)):

x = −y;
z = +x ∗ y;

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 3 / 22

 Expressions with Multiple Operators

Unary operators (example, plus (+) and negative (-)):

x = −y;
z = +x ∗ y;
Binary operators (requires two operands):
x = y + z;
z = y − x;

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 3 / 22

 Expressions with Multiple Operators

Unary operators (example, plus (+) and negative (-)):

x = −y;
z = +x ∗ y;
Binary operators (requires two operands):
x = y + z;
z = y − x;
For example, in the expression x + y/z
Is + performed before / ?
Is + performed after / ?

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 3 / 22

 Expressions with Multiple Operators

Unary operators (example, plus (+) and negative (-)):

x = −y;
z = +x ∗ y;
Binary operators (requires two operands):
x = y + z;
z = y − x;
For example, in the expression x + y/z
Is + performed before / ?
Is + performed after / ?
Is the expression x/y ∗ z evaluated as (x/y) ∗ z or as x/(y ∗ z)?

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 3 / 22

 Rules for Evaluating Expressions

1.) Parentheses rule: All expressions in parentheses must be evaluated

separately. Nested parenthesized expressions must be evaluated from
the inside out, with the innermost expression evaluated first.

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 4 / 22

 Rules for Evaluating Expressions

1.) Parentheses rule: All expressions in parentheses must be evaluated

separately. Nested parenthesized expressions must be evaluated from
the inside out, with the innermost expression evaluated first.
2.) Operator precedence rule: Operators in the same expression are
evaluated in the following order:
unary +, − first
∗, /, % next
binary +, − last

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 4 / 22

 Rules for Evaluating Expressions

1.) Parentheses rule: All expressions in parentheses must be evaluated

separately. Nested parenthesized expressions must be evaluated from
the inside out, with the innermost expression evaluated first.
2.) Operator precedence rule: Operators in the same expression are
evaluated in the following order:
unary +, − first
∗, /, % next
binary +, − last
3). Associativity rule: Unary operators in the same subexpression and at
the same precedence level (such as + and −) are evaluated right to left
(right associativity).

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 4 / 22

 Rules for Evaluating Expressions

1.) Parentheses rule: All expressions in parentheses must be evaluated

separately. Nested parenthesized expressions must be evaluated from
the inside out, with the innermost expression evaluated first.
2.) Operator precedence rule: Operators in the same expression are
evaluated in the following order:
unary +, − first
∗, /, % next
binary +, − last
3). Associativity rule: Unary operators in the same subexpression and at
the same precedence level (such as + and −) are evaluated right to left
(right associativity).
Binary operators in the same subexpression and at the same
precedence level (such as + and −) are evaluated left to right (left
associativity ).

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 4 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 −, ++, −−, !, ∼ R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
Operator Precedence
4 +, − L-R (1 + 2) ∗ 3
5 <<, >> L-R
1 + 2 ∗ 3 (* first)
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 5 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 −, ++, −−, !, ∼ R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
Operator Precedence
4 +, − L-R (1 + 2) ∗ 3
5 <<, >> L-R
1 + 2 ∗ 3 (* first)
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R Operator Associativity
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R 2 ∗ 6/3%4 (L-R)
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R 2 ∗ 6/(3%4)
11 && (Logical AND) L-R Change Precedence
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 5 / 22

 Expression Evaluation
Evaluation for z − (a + b/2) + w ∗ −y using Evaluation Tree

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 6 / 22

 Expression Evaluation
Evaluation for z − (a + b/2) + w ∗ −y using Evaluation Tree

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 6 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L Unary operators (R-L)
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R Inc/Decrement Operators (R-L)
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 7 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R Unary operators (R-L)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R ! (Not operator)
4 +, − L-R !3 is 0
5 <<, >> L-R !0 is 1
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 8 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R Unary operators (R-L)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R ! (Not operator)
4 +, − L-R !3 is 0
5 <<, >> L-R !0 is 1
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R 1s (∼) and 2s (−)
7 ==, ! = L-R
complement
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R ∼ 3 is −4
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R −5 is −5
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
Number representation is in 2s
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L complement
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 8 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R Shift Operators (L-R)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R 3 >> 1 is ? (right shift)
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R 3 << 1 is ? (left shift)
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 9 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R Shift Operators (L-R)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R 3 >> 1 is ? (right shift)
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R 3 << 1 is ? (left shift)
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R 310 = (11)2
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
3 >> 1 = 11 >> 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R = (01)2 = 110
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 9 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Suppose a = 2, b=2, and c=4

Prec. Operator Assoc
1 () L-R Relational and Logical
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R !(a! = b) equals to 1
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 10 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Suppose a = 2, b=2, and c=4

Prec. Operator Assoc
1 () L-R Relational and Logical
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R !(a! = b) equals to 1
4 +, − L-R !(a == b) equals to 0
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 10 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Suppose a = 2, b=2, and c=4

Prec. Operator Assoc
1 () L-R Relational and Logical
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R !(a! = b) equals to 1
4 +, − L-R !(a == b) equals to 0
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R (a == b)&&(c > b) equals to 1
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 10 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Suppose a = 2, b=2, and c=4

Prec. Operator Assoc
1 () L-R Relational and Logical
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R !(a! = b) equals to 1
4 +, − L-R !(a == b) equals to 0
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R (a == b)&&(c > b) equals to 1
7 ==, ! = L-R (a == b)&&(c < b) equals to 0
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 10 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Suppose a = 2, b=2, and c=4

Prec. Operator Assoc
1 () L-R Relational and Logical
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R !(a! = b) equals to 1
4 +, − L-R !(a == b) equals to 0
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R (a == b)&&(c > b) equals to 1
7 ==, ! = L-R (a == b)&&(c < b) equals to 0
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R (a == b)||(c < b) equals to 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 10 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Suppose a = 2, b=2, and c=4

Prec. Operator Assoc
1 () L-R Relational and Logical
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R !(a! = b) equals to 1
4 +, − L-R !(a == b) equals to 0
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R (a == b)&&(c > b) equals to 1
7 ==, ! = L-R (a == b)&&(c < b) equals to 0
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R (a == b)||(c < b) equals to 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
(a! = b)||(c < b) equals to 0
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L Relational Ops. returns T /F .
14 = (Assignment) R-L T : non-zero and F : zero
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 10 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?a=2, b=5
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?a=2, b=5
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 3, b = 2, output ?
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?a=2, b=5
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 3, b = 2, output ? a=3, b=2
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?a=2, b=5
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 3, b = 2, output ? a=3, b=2
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
a = 2, b = 0, output ?
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?a=2, b=5
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 3, b = 2, output ? a=3, b=2
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
a = 2, b = 0, output ?a=2, b=5
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?a=2, b=5
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 3, b = 2, output ? a=3, b=2
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
a = 2, b = 0, output ?a=2, b=5
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R Note: (a==2) false, then it will not
12 || (Logical OR) L-R execute second one.
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?a=2, b=5
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 3, b = 2, output ? a=3, b=2
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
a = 2, b = 0, output ?a=2, b=5
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R Note: (a==2) false, then it will not
12 || (Logical OR) L-R execute second one.
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

How can you evaluate (a == 2)||(b = 5) ? for the above inputs.

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 11 / 22
 Operators and Precedence

Example
Prec. Operator Assoc if(a == 2&&b = 5)
1 () L-R print(a, b)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L else
3 ∗, /, % L-R print(a, b)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 12 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Example
Prec. Operator Assoc if(a == 2&&b = 5)
1 () L-R print(a, b)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L else
3 ∗, /, % L-R print(a, b)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R Example
7 ==, ! = L-R if(a = 2&&b == 5)
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R print(a, b)
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R else
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
print(a, b)
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R Evaluate for the inputs:
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 2, b = 3, output ?
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 12 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Example
Prec. Operator Assoc if(a == 2&&b = 5)
1 () L-R print(a, b)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L else
3 ∗, /, % L-R print(a, b)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R Example
7 ==, ! = L-R if(a = 2&&b == 5)
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R print(a, b)
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R else
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
print(a, b)
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R Evaluate for the inputs:
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 2, b = 3, output ? a=0, b=3
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 12 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Example
Prec. Operator Assoc if(a == 2&&b = 5)
1 () L-R print(a, b)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L else
3 ∗, /, % L-R print(a, b)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R Example
7 ==, ! = L-R if(a = 2&&b == 5)
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R print(a, b)
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R else
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
print(a, b)
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R Evaluate for the inputs:
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 2, b = 3, output ? a=0, b=3
14 = (Assignment) R-L a = 3, b = 2, output ?
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 12 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Example
Prec. Operator Assoc if(a == 2&&b = 5)
1 () L-R print(a, b)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L else
3 ∗, /, % L-R print(a, b)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R Example
7 ==, ! = L-R if(a = 2&&b == 5)
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R print(a, b)
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R else
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
print(a, b)
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R Evaluate for the inputs:
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 2, b = 3, output ? a=0, b=3
14 = (Assignment) R-L a = 3, b = 2, output ? a=0, b=2
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 12 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Example
Prec. Operator Assoc if(a == 2&&b = 5)
1 () L-R print(a, b)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L else
3 ∗, /, % L-R print(a, b)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R Example
7 ==, ! = L-R if(a = 2&&b == 5)
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R print(a, b)
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R else
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
print(a, b)
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R Evaluate for the inputs:
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 2, b = 3, output ? a=0, b=3
14 = (Assignment) R-L a = 3, b = 2, output ? a=0, b=2
15 , (Comma) L-R a = 0, b = 5, output ?

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 12 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Example
Prec. Operator Assoc if(a == 2&&b = 5)
1 () L-R print(a, b)
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L else
3 ∗, /, % L-R print(a, b)
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R Example
7 ==, ! = L-R if(a = 2&&b == 5)
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R print(a, b)
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R else
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
print(a, b)
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R Evaluate for the inputs:
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 2, b = 3, output ? a=0, b=3
14 = (Assignment) R-L a = 3, b = 2, output ? a=0, b=2
15 , (Comma) L-R a = 0, b = 5, output ?a=1, b=5

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 12 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Bitwise Operators
Prec. Operator Assoc
1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R Example
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R OR AND XOR
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
2 = 10 2 = 10 2 = 10
12 || (Logical OR) L-R 3 = 11 3 = 11 3 = 11
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L ———– ———– ———–
14 = (Assignment) R-L 3 = 11 2 = 10 1 = 01
15 , (Comma) L-R ———- ———- ———-

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 13 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ?
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 14 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 0
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 14 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 0
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ?
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 14 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 0
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 4
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 14 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 0
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 4
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ?
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 14 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 0
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 4
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ? 0
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 14 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ?
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 15 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 15 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ?
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 15 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 7
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 15 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 7
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ?
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 15 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 7
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ? 7
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 15 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 7
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ? 7
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 15 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ?
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 16 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 16 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ?
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 16 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 8
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 16 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 8
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ?
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 16 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 1
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 8
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ? 8
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 16 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ?
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 17 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 15
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 17 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 15
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ?
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 17 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 15
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 23
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 17 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 15
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 23
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ?
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 17 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R a = 2, b = 3, v = 0, u = 1,
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R output ? 15
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R a = 11, b = 7, v = 5, u = 4,
11 && (Logical AND) L-R output ? 23
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L a = 4, b = 5, v = 7, u = 11,
14 = (Assignment) R-L output ? 31
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 17 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 18 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 19 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ? 3
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 19 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ? 3
7 ==, ! = L-R a = 11, b = 7, output ?
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 19 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ? 3
7 ==, ! = L-R a = 11, b = 7, output ? 3
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 19 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ?
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 20 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ? 4
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 20 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ? 4
7 ==, ! = L-R
a = 11, b = 7, output ?
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 20 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Prec. Operator Assoc

1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R a = 2, b = 3, output ? 4
7 ==, ! = L-R
a = 11, b = 7, output ? 13
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 20 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Conditional Operators (R-L)

Prec. Operator Assoc (x > y)?printf (“x“) : printf (“y “)
1 () L-R
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 21 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Conditional Operators (R-L)

Prec. Operator Assoc (x > y)?printf (“x“) : printf (“y “)
1 () L-R x = 2, y = 3, then output ?
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R x = 5, y = 3, then output ?
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R
7 ==, ! = L-R
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 21 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Conditional Operators (R-L)

Prec. Operator Assoc (x > y)?printf (“x“) : printf (“y “)
1 () L-R x = 2, y = 3, then output ?
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R x = 5, y = 3, then output ?
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R Same as
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R if(x > y)
7 ==, ! = L-R printf (“x“);
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R else
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R printf (“y“);
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L
14 = (Assignment) R-L
15 , (Comma) L-R

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 21 / 22

 Operators and Precedence

Conditional Operators (R-L)

Prec. Operator Assoc (x > y)?printf (“x“) : printf (“y “)
1 () L-R x = 2, y = 3, then output ?
2 ++, −−, !, ∼, − R-L
3 ∗, /, % L-R x = 5, y = 3, then output ?
4 +, − L-R
5 <<, >> L-R Same as
6 <, <=, >, >= L-R if(x > y)
7 ==, ! = L-R printf (“x“);
8 & (bitwise AND) L-R
9 ˆ (bitwise XOR) L-R else
10 | (bitwise OR) L-R printf (“y“);
11 && (Logical AND) L-R
12 || (Logical OR) L-R Write a program to display logic 0
13 ? : (Conditional Op.) R-L if one reads a digit character
14 = (Assignment) R-L through keyboard, otherwise 1.
15 , (Comma) L-R ASCII values for 0 to 9 are 48 to 57,
respectively.

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 21 / 22

 .

Thank You

Dr. Odelu Vanga (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad) CS F111 February 03, 2020 22 / 22