The verb 'to be'

I'm Mondy and this is Alice. Are they al school?

We are friends. Alice is from No, they aren't.
Mexico, but I am from Canada. They're al the park.

I am we are I'm we' re

you are you are you' re you're
he is he's
she is they are she's they're
it is it's

••

I am not I'm not Am I ... ? Yes, I am . No, I'm not.

you are not you aren't Are you ... ? Yes, you are . No, you aren 't.
he is not he isn 't he ... ? Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
she is not she isn 't Is she ... ? Yes, she is. No, she isn 't.
it is not it isn 't it ... ? Yes, it is. No, it isn 't .
we are not we aren't we ... ? Yes, we are. No, we aren't.
you are not you aren't Are you ... ? Yes, you are. No, you aren't.
they are not they aren't they ... 1 Yes, they are. No, they aren't.

• We normally use the long form of the verb to be (am, is, are) when we write.
Helena ;s from Sweden She is seventeen years old.
• We normally use the short form of the verb to be ('m, '5, 're) when we speak.
John! It's so nice 10 see you again!
• In short answers we do not repeat the whole question. We use Yes or No, the subject pronoun
and the verb form am/' m not, is/isn't, are/a ren't .
Is ~he your fflend? Yes, she is. (NOT: Yes, sRe is FR )' fFiend.)
• We use the long form of the verb to be in positive short answers.
Are you tired 1 Yes, I am. (NOT: Yes, J!R:J.)
• We use the short form of the verb to be in negative short answers.
Is he your teacher? No, he isn 't. (NOT: No, Re is not.)

5
 , ,.

Fill In the correct form of the verb to Look at the pictures and fill in is/isn't,
1 be. are/aren't and he, she, it or they.

l ong fo rm Short form 1 A: Gary a fire man.

1 He I clever. He clever. B: he old?
2 They ....... young. They ....... young. A: No, . H,
3 I ....... Clare. 1 ....... Clare. young.
4 You ....... not a You ....... a student.
student.
S We ...... from Paris. We ....... f rom Paris. 2 A: Lucy ...... .... a teache r.
6 I ....... not happy. I ....... happy. B: .......... at school now?
7 She ....... a teacher. She ....... a teache r. A: Yes, ... .... ..... ............. .
8 It ....... not a It ....... a laptop.
laptop.

3 A: This .............. my cat!

B: ....................... a boy?
Look at the table and answer the A: No, ......................... .
2 questions . ........................ a gi rl.

Country Ag e Job
4 A: Michael ... .......... ....... .
(arIa Brazil 20 unive rsity student a tennis playe r.
Russia 30 B: .......................... tall?
Alex teacher
A: Yes, ......................... .
Gui\\erm o Spain 40 doctor

I1jranda t he USA 40 teach e r

5 A: Sarah and Vicky ..... .
1 Is (aria Russian? sisters.
No, hE: isn't. She's Brazilian.
B: ............... at school?
2 Is (aria thi rty years old? A: No, ....................... .
................. at home.
3 Are Alex and Mira nda doctors?
Complete the sentences with the
4 Is Guillermo a university student?
4 correct form of the verb to be.

5 Are Guillermo and Miranda twenty years Hi. my name 1) Alice. I

old? 2) .......... a music student and
3) .......... seventeen years old My
6 Is Alex from Spain? favourite instrument 4)
the violin. ThIS 5)
7 Is Carla a teacher?
best Iflend Ka'e :lI
6J ~

nARnl

6
 Fill In the gaps with the correct form
5 Fill in the gaps with om/'m/'m not,
;s/,s/isn't, ore/'re/aren't.
7 of the verb to be.

1 A: Are you a footballer?

B: No, I .................... I ................... a
basketball player.
Hi!
2 A: ................... that a DVD player? I 1) 'm Juan, your new pen-friend. I 2) .. ........... .
B: No, it ................. It ................ a laptop. eleven years old and I 3) ............. . from Spain. My
3 A: ................... they sunglasses? brother Pedro 4) .............. thirteen years old an d he
B: No, they ................... They ................. . 5) .............. really good at football! David Beckham
goggles. 6) .............. his favourite player. My parents
4 A: ................... that a mirror? 7) .............. Carlos and Maria and they 8) ............ ..
B: Yes, it ................... . both forty-five years old. They 9) .............. primary
school teachers . My best friend 10) .... ......... .
5 A: ................... Frank from Germany?
Melinda. We 11 ) .............. in the same school, but
B: No, he ................... He ................. from
we 12) .............. in the same class. What about you?
Eng land.
Write soon!
6 A: ... ................ your skateboards new?
Juan
B: Yes, they ................... .
7 A: ................... she a doctor?
B: No, she ................ She ............ a nurse. Speaking
S A: ................... you from Portugal? look at the prompts. In pa irs, ask and
B: Yes, I ............. ... I ............... Portuguese. 8 answer questions, as in the example.

• What/your/name?
Fill in the gaps with the correct form
6 of the verb to be.
• How old/you?
• When/your/birthday?
• Where/you/from?
Martin: Hi! I 1) 'm Martin and I 2) .......... from • What/your/ favourite colour?
France.
A: What your name?
Louise: Hello! I 3) .......... Louise and I 4) ..... .... .
B: My name is George. What '§ your name? ete
from England. Pleased to meet you.
This 5) .......... my friend, Fiona.
Martin: Hi, Fiona! 6) ..... ..... you from the USA? Writing
Fiona: No, I 7) .......... not. I 8) .......... from Write an emall to yo ur n ew e- pa l
England, too. We 9) .......... both 9 talking about you a nd yo ur family. Use
English. Ex. 7 as a m od el.
(ouise: 10) .......... you from Paris, Martin ?
Martin: Yes, I 11 ) ........... 12) ... ... .... you and
Fiona from London?
• •Hi,
Looise: No, we 13) .......... . We 14) ......... . I'm Mary and I'm fourteen yeof5 old ..
from Liverpool.

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7
 The verb ' have got'

A: Hove they got a A. Has Meg got fair He's got two J've got a
1100 hair? children. headache.
B· No, they haven 'l, B: Yes, she has. She's
They've got a got fair hair and
house blue eyes.

You } have got You } 've got

You } have not got You } haven 't got
He He He He
She
It } has got She
It
} '5 got She
It
} ha s not got She
It
} hasn 't got

We We We We
You
They } have got You
They
} ' ye got You
They
} have not got You
They
} haven 't got

Yes, I{yo u/we/they have .

Have I/yo u/we/they got' { No, I/you/we/they haven 't .

Yes, he/she/it has .

Has he/s he/ it got? ( No, he/she/it hasn't .

Use

We use the verb have got: Notes:

• to show that somethi ng belongs to someone. • In short answers we do not use got.
Wc ve got two goJdfHI" 01 :I a cat. Hove got a t have,
• to describe people, an imals or things. (NOT: Yes, f RO.", got.)
Eoc .) have got big Wifly • /.f a 1 (He is)
• to talk about relationships. He broth . (He has)
Have you got 0 tWin brother? • We use got more in the present and not so
• with the following ex pressions: I've gol a often in the past tense.
headache/stomachache/toothache, erc, f've
got a temperature, f've got a cough I've got Q (NOT Sh less com mon)
cold, I ''le got a problem.

m.m
8
 ••

a) Fill In: '5, hasn't, 've, haven't.

1 David got a laptop.

2 Emma ................... got a guitar. laptop MP3 player
3 They ................... got a DVD player.
skateboard bike
4 David ................... got a mobile phone.
S Emma ................... got an MP3 player. guitar
camera
6 They ................... got a TV.

b) In pairs, tell your partner what each person has got.

c) Which of these have you got? Which of these things haven 't you got? Write
sentences.

11 Ask and answer, as In the example. 12 Fill In : have, haven't, has or hasn't.
1 A: -10\ Barry and Vicky got a TV?
B: Yes, they ................... .
1 Amy/blue eyes?
h, 2 A: ................... you got a big garden?
B: No, I ................... .
'" 3 A: .............. " ... Sarah got an evening dress?
B: Yes, she ................... .
2 Jack and Paulal
bicycles? 4 A: ................... your mum got a laptop?
B: No, she .................. .
5 A: . .................. Mr and Mrs little got
children?
B: Yes, they ................... .
3 (indy/a camera?
6 A: ................... you got a cold?
B: Yes, I ................... I feel terrible.
7 .
A: ................... your sIster got b rown eyes.,
B: No, she ...................
8 A: ................... your dad got a red car?
4 they/schoolbags?
B: No, he ................... . His car is blue.
9 A: .................. Andrew got a big bedroom?
B: Yes, he ...................
lO A: ................... your brothers got mobile
phones?
5 Mr Kennedy/a bea rd?
B: No, they ................... .

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9
 a) look at the table and write 5 Fill In the gaps using the correct form
sentences, as In the example. of the verbs be or have got.

lI i~ I I) ~ I clissa.
2) ................. fiftccn years o ld
and 13) ................ from r-. lexico.
f\h mum 4) ............ Hclell and
_• .f- :-he 5) .............. [hin,-ninc ,can,
: DVD player ",f, ,f old. She 6) ..................... "
'. .~---. - .....;. --------<---·-,-··-i
TV ~ i ~ : ~ ~ secretary. )''1r dad. Pablo.
~ guitar I ~ --r- X -,' ·--,f_·,----ii---, 7) ..................... fOr1 }'-fi\c and he 8) .
-. .......--- -.~- .- .~-- an English [each(,l. He 9) ................. 100S of
book~! Tr<lcy 10) .............. my sister and she
1 /OJ hI,.. "Jot a TV and a gwtar. He hmn', gOl a
J I) ................. ten YC<lrs old. She: 12)
DVDp'yr. tall and she 13) .................... n:ry long hlonde
2 ............................ ,., .................................. . hair! We 14) ..................... a cat.. lOO! We call it
.................................................................. Tina. Tina 15) ..................... brown fur and she
3 .................................................................. 16) ..................... really cute:
..................................................................
4 ..................................................................
.................................................................. 16 Write true sentences about you .
1 I/from Italy
b) look at the table again . In pairs, ask
................................................ .. ............. .
~

and answer questions, as in the example.

2 I/two brothers
A. H05 e JI a DVD plaYI:. ? ............................... ................. .... ..............
B: Ne h hasn f. et 3 My mum/a teacher

Complete the dialogue with the correct 4 My dad/a car

form of the verbs be or have (got). ... , ............. ,.,., .. .................... ....... .............. .
5 We/a big house

Julia: Hi! 1) -m Julia. What ........ ,., ............... ,.,.,., ............... ,., ... , ........ .. .
2) ................ your name?
Ted: My name 3) ................ Ted.
Speaking
Julio: Where 4) ................ you from? 17 Ask each other about your personal
Ted: I 5) ................ from Rome. belongings.
Julia: I 6) .. ..... ......... from Pari s.
A. Have VOu got 0 camera?
7) ................ you ............ .. B: 5, I hOVE et
any brothers or sisters?
Ted: Yes, I 8) ................ . Writing
I 9) ................ two brothers.
What about you? 18 Use your partner's answers to write
Julia: No, 110) ................ , but about what he/ she has/ ha£n 't got.
I 11 ) ................ lots of pets' ~asn'l gOl ..
''---
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10
Subject/ Object pronouns

me
rh, q Ba,..,.. loak at
you you
him .1 he ee' He IS big,
he him '"
but he s only 'wo We lov him
'he her
it it and he (oves 115 very much
we u,
you you
they them
We use personal subject pronouns before We use object pronouns after:
verbs: • verbs.
• instead of nouns. We 'VE gal four de g5 We take them for a .va k
hi hi e al big . It 1'0 t five evef'\ day.
bed, ' J ( (It = the house) • prepositions.
• instead of names. a me!
Belh s,u~ st fr end.
(She = Beth)

Look at the pictures and fill In the gaps Fill In the gaps with the correct lubjectj
with the correct subject or object object pronoum .
pronouns. as In the example.
1 Look at me! I can ride a bike.
2 This is Jim ........... is my cousin.
1 Look at him. 3 Jessica is beautiful today. Look at .......... !
HE is a doctor. 4 I've got a problem. Can .......... help .......... ?
S Look at ........... They can play tennis so well!
6 This is my skateboard ........... is red.

2 l ook at ................ . Read the dialogue . Then write what the

........... is a hummingbird. underlined pronoum mean.

Becky: Have 1) you got a dress for the party?

Sandy: Yes, 2) ! have but 3) i!'s really old! What
about 4) you?
3 Look at ................ .
Becky: No, I haven't. l et's go shopping then!
................ is a teacher.
Sandy: Great idea! Alice can join S) us too!
Becky: Perfect! 6) She's got good ta'te!
, Sandy: Here's the phone. Call 7) her!

4 look at ... ........ ..... . 1 Sandy 4 ............ 6

................ are singers. 2 ............ 5 ............ 7 ..... _--_...
3 . . . ... . .. ... ............
 Plural,
• Nouns ending in -f or -fe drop the -f or the
• Most nouns take -s to form the plural.
-fe and take -ves in the plural.
th, • rI ' ves, wife , wives

two kittens
• Nouns ending in -5, -ss, As h, -ch, -x, -0 take
'1 km P rhftl knives
-es to form the plural.
903 • gas es. gla~ • glasses,
BUT Some nouns ending in -f or -fe take
brush • brushes, match , matches,
only -5.
fox • fox es, tomato • tomatoes
girafft: • giraffes, cMf --. cliffs,
., • roofs

a torch two torches

BUT Some nouns ending in -0 take only -5.
)hOl0 .. phoros, deo • videos, deer deer
P/o • ippos, (J m~ • rhinos, fish fi sh
d, • radios sheep sheep
foot feet
• Nouns ending in a vowel + y take -s in the tooth teeth
plural.
goose geese
man men
woman women
chi ld children
two boys mouse mice
• Nouns ending in a consonant + y drop the ox oxen
-y and take -ies in the plural. person people

ab "y two but terflies

22 Write the plural.

r "I'!! m ~
1 window windows 6 tooth
2 woman 7 bru sh
I "
3 w ife 8 watch
I
4 baby 9 jacket
I
5 mouse 10 boy

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12
 3 Complete the table. 25 Rewrite the sentenc:es in the plural.
• sock • shelf • potato • foot • roof
• mouse • knife • city • tomato • man
• cherry • country • watch • sheep
• hat • pillow • cliff • grape • curtain
• child • stravvberry • dress • photo • goose

1 It is a fox. h
socks, ............................................. .

........................................................
~"+

2 He is a man .

........................................................
c---i-

........................................................
~~- I--
3 It is a chair.

_ _ .................................................... ···· 1
..t...=

4 Circle the correct Item.

1 Jack's got two ...... and a cat.
A goldfishs B goldfish
4 It is a deer.
C goldfishes

2 ...... have gOl really long necks. 26 Circle the odd one out. Explain why .
A Giraffes B Giraves C Giraffe
1 city - baby - lady - boy
3 My grandfather has got lots of ...... on his boy - a(d to r ral
farm .
2 cliff - thief - knife - wife
A gomes B goose C geese 3 child - deer - cat - foot
4 The ...... in the photo are very cute! 4 class - radio - watch - box
A babys B babies C baby 5 sheep - deer - fish - mouse

5 Mary's got two ...... and a girL

A boys B boy C boyes
Speaking
6 Give me five ...... and four bananas, please.
27 Use the plural form of the drcled
words from Ex.26 to mak e sentences.
A tomatos B tomato
C tomatoes The boys Ir nJy J rei

H ARITR

13
 There is/There are

There is There is not There isn't

There are There are not There aren't

Yes, there is. Th ere is (I ,., If the I

Is there ... ? (
No, there isn't. There's 01 I t'ploct alld 0 coffee table. Is
there '1 TV' No there isn't There aren 't any
Yes, there are.
Are there ... ? [ armchair but there Ofe two sofas. There ore
No, there aren't. somf' u mons on th f1l Are there am P'ople jf1
11 there aren f
• We use there is to list things in the Singular.
Then 's (of, ld a peno cm (NOT: TRe~ fiFe a book, Q laptop and ... )
• We use there are to list things in the plural. The re are hasn't got a short form.
Then nv :;ha;r< and t", WI 5 if ,0

• We use there + be to mention something for the first time or to say that something or someone
exists. We use it + be to give more details about someth ing or someone that has already been
mentioned.
The, is abi It is

So me/Any

some some
not any/no not any/no
any any

• We use some in affirmative sentences with:

a) plural counta ble nouos .
TIle some ~ra l berre.~ in the
b) unco unta ble nou ns.
,ere some )UP m ('" pat
• We use any in negative and interrogative
sentences with:
a) plu ral co untabl e nouns.
There re some e -1 s " the basK there an y
the ~ any t 0" JP /u ne u 7 No here, 1 '( but
b) unco unta bl e nouos. th p som,. mlrk Inert IS no bre'1Q but
T ~t any sugc In the Q. some nd some 0

Note: We can use no instead of not any in negative sentences.

There is no milk in the bottle. (= Therf isn 't any 11

ST..u.1[~

14
 look at the picture and fill in there is/ 29 Use the Ideas to ask and answer questions
isn't, there ore/aren't and some/any. as in the example. Use there Is/ are In their
correct form and some or any.
- 1 flowers I in the vase? - No

I A: Ar. rher any flowers In th

B: No, thelt or 'n am flo" e

I 2 peop le I room? - Yes

A: ............................................................•
B: ....................................................... ..... .
3 cheese / in the fridge? - No
1 There isn a washing machine in the kitchen, k ......................................................... ... .
bu t ............................ a fridge. B: .............................................................
2 ......... ................... a cooker in the kitchen,
but ..... ... .................... a microwave oven. 4 plates / in the cupboard? - No
3 ............................ chairs in the kitchen, bu t A: .......................... ... ....... ........................ .
............................ cupboards. B: ..................... ....................................... .
4 ............................ flowers in the kitchen, 5 milk I in the bottle? - Yes
but ............................ a plant. k ............................................................ .
5 ............................ food on the table. B: ............................................................ .
6 .......... ..... ............. people in the kitchen.

o Look at the pictures and the nouns In the list. Write the differences, as In the example .

• curtains • firep la ce • sofa • clock • photos • chairs • lamp • books • television

::r ...,......11-

There are mfR. CUf{\.-Ir: n {hI.. N;11dow n picture A. b:Jf there ren any CJrt ns n tile wmd... np

15
 Underline the correct word, as in the Fill In the gaps with there or it.
example.
1 is a letter fo r you. is probably from
1 There is any/ so me juice in the fridge. your cousin.
2 There aren't a ny/ so me clothes in the 2 Alice! Come here! .............. is someone here to
wardrobe. see you. I think .............. is your friend, Darren.
3 Are there a ny/so me chairs in the living 3 A: Is .............. a pa rk near here?
room? B: Yes, .............. is ............... is only five·
4 There are any/so me cherries in the bowl. minutes walk away.
5 Are there any/som e glasses on the table? 4 .............. is a jacket on the sofa ............... is
6 There is a ny/som e garlic in the salad. Usa's, isn't it?
5 Look! .............. is a rainbow in the sky.
Rewrite the sentences changing them .............. is really beautiful.
from singular to plural or vice versa .
35 Complete the emall with the correct
1 There is a flowe r in the vase. form of there Is and there are.
le'
2 There aren't any books on the tables.

Hi J ohn.
3 Is there a cushion on the sofa? I h)\1 are rOil ? Wc're in our new hOllse now. It's
great. I'm so happ)"!
4 There aren't any trees in the parks. In the garden, I) a s\\'imming pool. The
hOll se has two flool" s. On the ground floor
2) ......................... a kitchen. a dining room, a sUldy
5 Are there any plates in the cupboards? and a living room, In the living room, 3) ................... .
a lon;l)' old ~replace. 4) ........ ....... any bedrooms
6 There is a pen on the desk. downstairs.
011 the first Huur, 5) ........................ three
bedruoms and two bathroo ms. III onc or the

3 Complete the dialogue with there is (n't)/ bedrooms, 6) ......................... a computer, so I have a
quiet place 1.0 play all my computer games.
are or is/are there. 7) ............................. it computer in your bedroom?
I hope you can visit llle this summer and see the
A: Hello, I wonder if you can help me. 1) ,..,re hOllsc for yourselr.
any good sports clothes shops near here? Take care,
B: Yes, 2) .......................... 3) ....................... .. J amcs
a Nike store on Oxford Street. 4) ..................... .
also a Puma shop on the next street. They sell Speaking
trainers, shorts and much more.
In pairs, ask each other questions
A: Thank you. One last question, 5) .................... ..
about what there is/ are in your house.
an Indian restaurant near here, too?
B: No, 6) ....................... , but 7) .................... ..
an Italian restaurant that serves great
Writing
spaghetti and salad. Write a short em a ll to your fr iend
A: Thank you. describing yo u r h ouse. Use Ex. 35 as a
B: You're welcome. mod e l.

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16
 This/These - That/ Those

this "' ~ these u:w ~~

that u:w )J those KW

L I\ .... m That 5 andad

psI These photm no£/se Orlu those ole his cows.J
fantastl I

We use this/ these: We use that/ those:

• for people, animals or things near us. • for people, animals or things far away from us.
This t Thf le That h ,.. Thou
• to introduce people. if( th; L
• to introduce oneself on the phone.
Thi.s

We can also use this/ these and that/those in wh-questions. We answer these questions with it or they.
this rhat It (NOT: This/That ;s an insect.)
or these those They (NOT: Tl:lcselTRose are insects.)

Fill in the blanks with this, these, that or 9 Write the sentences In the plural.
those.
1 This is a DVD player. Thes are DVD playef5.
2 That is a laptop ........................................ .
3 This is a skirt. ....................................... .... .
4 That is a foot. ........................................... .
5 This is a TV............................................... .
1 n is a skateboard and is a bike.
6 That is a cupboard ................................... .

Complete with this, that, these, those.

1 Hello? t is Penny Elberton speaking.

2 look at ............ colourful birds in the sky!
2 ............ are trainers and ............ are gloves.
Aren't they lovely?
3 Mum, ............ is my new friend Monica.
4 My feet are killing me ............. shoes are too
small.
5 Mmm! ............ cake is delicious!
6 Who's ............ boy over there? Is he a new
3 •........... is a guitar and ............ is a came ra .
student?

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17
 Possessive adj ectives - Possessive pronouns

• Possess ive adjectives show: my mine

a) that something belongs to someone. your yours
This is his new car. his his
b) the relationship between two or more people. her hers
rll~y or our grandparents. its
• We put possessive adjectives before nouns . our ours
This IS your sUitcase. your yours
their theirs
• Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to someone.
Compare: That is our cor. (possessive adjective) its = possessive adjective
That car is ours. (possessive pronoun)
Look at thal -or! Its rod very
• Possessive pronouns are not followed by nouns. lOng.

Notes:
it's = it is or it has
a) There is no possessive pronoun for the personal pronoun it.
11~)"ve
your new dress! It's (i t is)
b) We use the patterns a friend of mine/yours/ his, etc to mean one
fantastic!
of a number of friends.
Our new house is huge! ft 's (it
Julie is a friend of mine. (NOT: a friend eI-me)
hQ~) got six bedrooms and a
Are Paul and LOUlse friends of yours ! (NOT: friends ~)
garden.
Jason is out with a friend of his. (NOT: a friend ef-him)

41 Choose the correct item, as in the example. 42 Complete the table with the correct
possessive adjectives and pronouns.
1 This is Helen She is o ur/ us friend
-
2 A: Whose is this camera ? r ."f·
B: It is my/ mine . 'i"Luey h" her~

3 Hi! I'm l eft and this is Fred. We/ Our are 2 Phil
brothers. David &: Maria
4 This is Andrew and Sophie. Look at them / ~ Tom and I
their . ~S the cat
S Luey and Steve are cousins. This is their/ 6 Sam and you
theirs dog. 7 I
6 Look at Emma. Her/ Hers hair is so nice today.

STARTU

18
 . I I I

Fill In the appropriate poueulve 45 Fill In th e gaps with its or it's.

adjectives/ pronouns, as In the example.
1 look at that dog! ears are very long!
1 A: Wow! look at hel (sh e) new dress! 2 This isn't her book ............ his.
8: Yes, it's very pretty. 3 Th is is a great house! ......... huge.
2 A: Where is Mary? 4 let's go outside ............ a nice, sunny day.
8: She's out with a friend of ............. (s he). S I've got a Persian ca t. ........... fur is thick and
soft.
3 A: Is this ............. (he) I'ptop?
6 "Is that their house?" "No, ........... ours."
8: No, it's ............. (I).
4 A: This is ............. (we) new house.
B: It's very nice. Where is ............. (yo u)
46 Read the text, then use
subject/ object pronouns,
bed room? or poueulve adjectlves/
5 A: Does your dad know Mr Cl ark? pronouns to fill In the
B: Yes! He's a friend of ............. (he) . gaps .

6 A: Is this your mum? What's ............. (she)

name? HI, 1) name is ()alre
8: Stephanie. 2) ........ . am fourteen years
old. Here is a picture of me With two
friends of 3) ........... .
Underline the correct pOSleuive 4) .. ............ names are Beth and Erin . Beth is
odjective or pOSlesslve pronoun. from London. (an you see 5) .............. on the left?
6) ..... ......... looks so happy! Enn IS from Ireland, but
A: Hi, Emilyl How are you? 7) .. .. .. ........ lives In Manchester. 8) ..... .... .. all go to

B: Hi, Dean! I'm fine. I'm home alone today. school together and 9) .... ........ favourite hobby IS
A. Where are 1) yo ur/ yo urs parents? dancing! I love 10) .............. very much!
B: Oh! They're staying at 2) o ur/o urs house by
the sea.
A: That's nice! Do you want to hang out then? Speaking
B: Sure! We can listen to 3) my/ min e new COs.
4.; That's a great idea . I've got some COs of
47 In pairs, ask each other about your
friends. Ask about :
4) yo ur/ yours, too.
B: OK. Bring them with you, please. • name • age • fa vourite food
A Is the Alicia Keys CD 5) my/ min e or • fa vourite subject
6) your/ yo urs? Wo nlme
8.' It's 7) my/ m ine dad's! Can you bring it as B: MOrlo
well, please? t )w d hp plc
A OK. I'm eating 8) my/ min e breakfast now.
can be at 9) your/yo urs place in an hour.
Writing
S: That's perfect! See you then.
,.; Bye! 48 Write a short paragraph about your
friend . Use Ex. 46 as a model.

STAlITER

19
 [Link] Case

This /( Roberta s iaptop. Look at the birds ' Th!!. IJ Rick and These are Sandro 's
nest! Alan 's {;)g. and fmma 's children.

To show possession: Other Possessive Forms

• we add an's after names and singular nouns.
1 We use of to talk about things or parts of
Jack' t 1~
things.
irl bag re
r11 of the house } lrjen
• we add' to plural nouns ending in -5.
(NOT: '/:le /:I9IcJSe 'S 009F because 'hou se' is a
Itl Uie )'1d r.
thing)
• with an irregular plural noun we add '5.

~" 2 To refer to a place (shop/business/house, etc)

• when the same thing belongs to two or we add an apostrophe + s.
more people, we add ' 5 to the last noun. Iv Ann 's. (= Ann's house)
T{ al I red and Notasha 's new hous4 (The Nick is butcher 's. (= the shop)
house belongs to Ted and Natasha.)
3 We also use the possessive to refer to time.
• when two or more things belong to two
Ovr hotel five minutes walk frf)m th l beach.
or more people and we want to show that
I,., 'd Q year's work to finish this pmject
each person has his/ her own thing, we add
's to each noun. Note: We can use the possess ive without a
Those If Christine's and Jenny 's coat noun after it.
(Christine has a coat and Jenny has a coat, TI )1) le P Jrr /} not mm Steve 's.
too.) (Steve's mobile phone)

Underline the correct word(s) .

1 My brother's/ brothers' name is Martin . 7 I can see the tower of the castle/ the castle's
2 Tom s'/Tom 's trainers are white. tower.
3 Our rabbi t 's/rabbits ' names are Shadow 8 That is Tom 's and Ted/ Tom and Ted 's dog.
and Flopsy. 9 Julias'/Julia 's mobile phone is pink.
4 These are Kate's and John 's/ Kate and John 10 My mothers' / mother's car is small.
sandals. 11 Sens'/ Ben's ball is red.
S Those are the men 's/mens' sweaters. 12 Their dog's/dogs' names are Max and Barry.
6 Is this the childrens' /children's room? 13 We can't visit Sue. She's at Marys/ Mary's.

ilARTU

20
 look at the family tree below. Then, fill in t he g a ps, as In the example.

1 Alice is Philip's wife . She's hi!. wife.

Philip Alice
2 Philip is ............. .. ... and .................. fath er. He's - ,1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _---r-"
_,

.......... . fath er. ,, ,

3 Katie is .................. and .................. sister. She's , ,,
........ ... sister. Amo,ndo) ~ Kr~e
4 Kylie is ........ ..... ..... mo t her. She's i"-----I----.J-, 1----1----'
, I I I
mother.
S left and Am anda are ... .... ........ ., ........ .... ... .. and B;od) Kdtie) M~cy) M~
.................. pa rents. They' re ........... pa rents.

Put the nouns In brackets Into the 53 Circle th e correct word, as in th e

correct possessive form . example.

.!_- Where is this ph oto fr om? 1 These are the ....... pen ci ls .
8. This o ne? It's from my 1} (cousin) A boys' B boys C boy
birthday party.
2 Is there a ...... . near here?
A Who are those boys?
A butchers B butcher's
B. They' re my 2) ................... ........ (sister) sons.
C butchers'
A: They' re your nephews?
B. That's right! And that man is 3} ........... .. 3 This is the ....... DVD player.
... ............. .. ...... (Steve a nd Bri an) dad. A mens B ma n's C man
A What's your 4} ........ ................ . (siste r) name?
4 "Is this you r coat?" "No, it's ........ "
B. Kathleen. And her 5) .......................... .. .... .
A ja kes' B jake's C jake
(husband ) nam e is Ray.
-l Whose are those dogs? 5 These are ....... mobile phones.
B, Th ey' re my 6) .. .......... .................... (cousins) . A Zack and Jenn ifer's
A: We ll, everyone loo ks hap py. B Zack's and jennife r
8' They are. You can meet them all next time. C Zack's and Jen nife r's

2 Rewrite the phrases, as In the example . 6 This is .......

A Tom and
kitchen.
(lares
1 Sh e needs a rest for t en minutes. B Tom an d ( lares'
a ten ,JUrI \ res r C Tom and Cla re's
2 It's a d rive of th ree ho urs fr om my house .

3 The sales thi s year are really good. Writing

54 Draw your family tree a nd write
4 It's a walk of fi ve minutes to the school. sentences about It. Use Ex. 50 as a
model.
5 The pri ze for thi s week is a brand new car.

21
:jJ.'.,'-----'
Prepositions of Time

We huvl' brpokfast at 9 They go ice-skating in He has piano lessons on

o'clock every day. winter. Saturday mornings.
We use prepositions of time (on, in, at) to say when something happened, happens or will happen.

AT

the time: at 2 o' lock Notes:

at Christmas, at faster
• We use from ". to, during to show
holidays:
duration. During goes before a noun.
in the at the moment ot present, S~e t 5:J f('f!n.h lesson (ram 6 t o 8.
expressions: at dawn, ot noon, at nigh t,
w d time It the bea
at TIIdm:jht at luncr,tlme
during 'I; day
at tht> weekend
• We do not me prepositions of time:
a) with the words today, tomorrow,
IN tonight and yesterday.
They have a German lesson today.
months: in May
b) before the words this, last, next,
in (the) winter/spring/summer; every, all, some, each, one and any.
seasons: aUlUmn
I get up at 9 o'clock every day.
years: in 2008, in the J 9905, • in time /o n time:
centuries: in the 20th century a) in time = early enough
We must hurry if we want to arrive in
in the in the morning/afternoon/evening,
time for the concert.
expressions: in an hour, in a minute, in Q week
b) on time = at the right time
few days/month/year, in the pas/,
DOl 't worry! The bU5 is always on
in the future
t ime.

ON
days: on lUesday, on New Years Eve
dates: on 131h May (2009)

specific part of a on ~aturdoy morning

certain day:
adjective + day: on a cold day

STARTER

22
 ,,

5 Fill in: at, in, on, from, during. 57 Circle the c:orrect Item .
1 A: What time do you leave for school? 1 My birthday is ...... May.
8: I usually leave at 8 o'clock. A on B in C at
2 A. When is your guitar lesson? 2 I have to leave ...... a minute.
S: It's ................ Saturday afternoon. Aat Bin ( on

3 A: What hours do you go to school? 3 I've got a meeting ...... 20th June.
A on B during (from
B: I go to school in the morning .............. ..
8 to 2, then I go to school again in the 4 Is John busy ...... present?
afternoon ................ 6pm. A on B in C at
4 A: John's late. Where is he? 5 I work at a summer camp ...... the holidays.
B: Don't worry. He'll be here ................ a A during B all ( last
minute. 58 Underline the correc:t preposition.
5 A: What month is your sister's birthday?
Andy: Hi, Claire! What time is your Science lesson?
B: It's ................ June.
Claire: Hi, Andy! It's 1) at/ on nine and after that I
6 A: When do you work? have PE 2) from/ in eleven 3) to/ at twelve.
B: I work ................ the evemngs, but I What about you?
don't work ................ the day. Andy: Cool! I'm not that lUCky. I've got a Maths
lesson early 4) in / on the morning and a
7 A: What time is your French lesson? French lesson after that.
s: ................ an hour.
Cfaire: It doesn't sound that bad.
8 A: Where's John? It's 9 o'clock. Andy: The problem is I haven't got a break. We
B: Don't worry! He's always ................ time. only stop 5) on/ at noon for lunch.
Cfaire: What time do you finish?
Andy: 6) At/ In four. And you?
Fill In the gaps with the correct Claire: I finish 7) at/ in half past four. See you after
preposition, then answer the questions. school!
Andy: OK! See you!
1 What are you doing at the moment?
I am listening 10 1nl MP.) pJaYfl Speaking
2 What time do you get up ......... the morning?
In pairs, a sk each other about your
3 What time do you eat dinner ........... night? 5 school timetable.
4 Do you go swimming ........... a hot summer
day? A. What tlnl' .s yaur Maths lesson!
5 What do you do ........... the weekends? 8: At eight in the morning. Whe-
6 What do you usually do ........... Sundays? EnglIsh IfJiSon? ete
7 Is your birthday .......... the spring?
Writing
8 What sports do you do ........... the summer?
9 Do you go to bed ........... midnight? 60 Use your answers from the Spe.~

10 Do you get up ........... 7 every day? activity to write a dialogue- WriU

about your school time""" Ua b.... 5iiI
as a model .
 Prepositions of Place

Brad in the (ee Brad h at the tre Bror:. I opposite 81 )J i~ between

the Ire [WO trt '~

Brad / among Brad is next to; Brad on Br d behind

Ihf In beside rhe tlf.: bran n It free tI

Brad ;s in fron t of Bra .s near under

th tf'e
We use prepo sitions of place to say where somebody or something is. These include: on, un der,
in fr ont of, behind , beside/ next to, near, at, in, between, a mong and o pposite.
Note: We use between to say that somebody or something is in the middle of two oth er thin gs
or people. We use among to say that somebody or something is in the middle of th ree or
more things or people.

We use at:
, in the pvpressiom' or srhaol/ffnivf?nity/rnllegf?, nf wor", Of hom" nt thp fnr of Of t hp hnttnm
the station. at the airport, ot Mary's (house), at a party/concert/football match, at the
of ... , af
bus stop, at the door, at one's desk
• with add resses when we mention the house number.
at 18, Br(j 01 Stre BUT in 81 rtj Stre.t

We use in:
• in the expressions: in the middle, in the ai" in the sk~ in bed, in hospital, in prison in a newspaper/
magazine/book, in a street, in the world, in a photograph/picture, in a ca" in a taxi
• with the names of ci ties, cou ntries and co ntinents.
in in F or -f in 4'10

We use on:
• in the ex pressions: on the left/right, on the first/second, etc floor, on a bus/train/pfane/ship, on a
horse/ bicycle/motorbike, on a chair BUT in an armchair

24
 Complete the se ntences with : in, in front 63 Circle the correct an sw er.
of, oPPOsite, among, behind o r between.
1 We're spending the weekend ...... the beacto
house.
A in B on C at
2 Is that Adam standing ...... the newsagent's')
A under B between C in front of
3 Look at this photo! Mary is the one sitting
1 The fruit salad is 2 Karen is .............. ...... lohn and Liz.
the bowl. Jack. A at B between C under
4 "Where is Sue?"
"She's ...... the back garden."
A on B next to C in
5 "Where are my shoes, Mum?"
"They're ...... the bed."
3 Eddie is .............. 4 They are ............. A under B at C in
len and Claudia. each other. 6 Is that my MP3 player ...... your desk?
A in B among C on
7 Were there a lot of people ...... the party?
A at B on C in
8 "Is your house far from the school?"
"No, it's ...... it."
A between B near C in front
5 Sandra is .......... .. 6 Sam is .............. ..
Ch ri s. his friends. Underline the correct Item . Then,
(,
describe your bedroom to your partner.

Underline the correct item . •

Hi Diane,
1 Maths is my favourite subject at/on school. I want to tell you about my bedroom
2 The dog is sleeping under/ am ong the table. 1) in/ on our new house. It's reatly nice! The
3 My dad's ca r is the one beside/i n yours. room is qui t e big. My bed is 2) next
4 My new camera is in/ on the table. to/ between the window. There is a
S There is a party at/on lake's house ton ight. bookcase 3) opposite/under my bed and a
warm rug 4) on/ at the floor 5) between/
6 John is standing next t o/between his uncle.
behind the bed and t he bookcase. My desk
7 The museum is in High Street, opposite/
is 6) near/ under the door. I've got a
under the art gallery. computer and a big TV 7) in/ on it. There is
8 My bookcase is between/ under the wardrobe also a poster 8) on/ at t he wait 9) above/on
and the bed. my desk. I realty like my new bedroom. The
9 Clare is hiding in front of/ behind the tree. rest of t he house is great, too !
10 My dad loves sitting on/ in the armchair I can't wait for you to come and see It!
Write soon .
next to the fireplace.
Jim
 Co mplete with at, on, in. Look at the picture, read the text and
find the correct preposition.
1 A: There is a photo of my home town this
magazine. • between
B: Wow! It's amazing! • on (x2)
2 A: Where's your mum? • opposite
B: She's ... ..... work. • under
• next to
3 A: Excuse me, where's the library?
B: It's ........ the seventh floor.
4 A: Do you want to go ........ your car?
T here i:-. a correc
B: I don't think so. It's still in the garage.
t:l b1c in (h e li ving
S A: Is Georgia ........ the doctor's? room . I( i:-. 1) ............ ... .
B: Yes. She's got a really bad cold. the fi replace. There b also a
6 A: Where's room 2e? sm:lli rug 2) .................. it 3) . ................ the t\\'o
B: ...... .. the right, opposite the library. windo\\'<; there is a \:i mp ~md :l tall pb nt. TIle
la mp i<; 4) .................. a :.m:l1l tahle . 5) ................ ..
lile lamp tlwre b a hig. pink armchair. Tht.·
Fill In the gaps w ith at or in and one of cun:lin!'! 6) .................. the windows are pink. [00.
the words from the list .
•
• bed • the park • the cinema • home
• the airport • Sweden
Speaking
1 There is a nice film on at the cinema.
2 Don't call Jack now. He isn't ................... .
69 Describe to each other your favourite
room in your house. Use prepositions of
3 The weather's great! We can go for a picnic
place. Then, guess which room your
.................................. today.
partner has described .
4 My aunt's sick. She's ............................... ..
right now. In my favouritf' room the'e's 0 big bed with
S What time does your flight arrive? I can lots of pillows 1)0 it. There's Q desk next ra the
meet you ................................ . bed. On the de$k
6 We are from Italy but we live .................. .

Writing
67 Complete with the right preposition and
answer about yourself. 70 Now, write the description of your
favourite room . You can use Ex. 64 as a
1 Do you live the USA? Yes, I do. INo, I don model.
2 Is there a table ........... the middle of your
living room?
3 Are you ........... school right now?
4 Are your parents ........... home now?
S Are you ........ your desk?

26
Question Words
A Who ore they!
B: Beery and Chm.
A How old are they?
B. They are tweflly.
A: Wh ere are they?
B: At a cafe
A: How many bags are there under the tab e
B: Two .
A: What colour are the bags?
B: B/ue and brawn.

We use question words to ask about someone or something.

• who/ whose (people) • how long/ how toff (size)
Who ;5 your besl friend? "A/ice. 'How long is a blue whale?" 'About 30
Whose dog i~ this_] or ' Whose is this dog?" metres . "
It's Pam s. (possession) 'How toff is ~h". She 's 1.65 m.

• which/ what (things) • how much (quantity)

Which is used to ask about a limited choice How much are th 'SI bo( ] E65
of things.
Which SI 1ge" do you like best Iwkira or • how many (number)
Beyonce] (You have to choose between How many bedrooms are there in your
these two singers, so the choice is limited.) house? "Three.

What is more general. It is usually used to • how (manner)

ask about an unlimited choice of things. "How do you make a cake?"
What food do you like?" (There are many
kinds of food such as Chinese, Ita lian, • why (reason)
Mexican, etc, so the choice is unlimited.) " Why are you happy?"
'It 's my birthday today!"
(Answers sometimes begin with becau5e.)
• where (place) Because It" my birthday today.
Where is my new T·shlfl! On YI)Ur bed.
• how old (age)
• when/ how long (ogo)/ how ohen/ what time " How old IS he? Nint
(time)
·When IS your party! Next Saturday. • how far (distance)
"How long IS the film? 3 hours. " 'How far is your hOo.1sl About a ten·
"How ohen do you go la the gym?" " Three minute walk.
times a week.
"'What time is It?' "It s 9 o'clock .
 71 Fill In the gaps with whose, how far, how much, how tall, where or who. Then match the
questions (1-6) to the answers (a-f).

Wti is this belt? a It's Pau l's.

......................... milk is there? b She's 1.65 metres .
......................... is you r siste r? e l t's Mr Jackson, our English teacher.
......................... is it to the bus stop? d It's in my wardrobe at home .
.................. ....... is that man? e About ten minutes' walk .
......................... is your coat? f About one litre.

72 Choose the correct word . 73 Complete the sentences with mony,

much, far, toll, often, long or old.
1 A: What/ Which is this under the bed?
B: It's a skateboard. 1 A: How is it to the train station?
fOI

B: It's only ten minutes' walk.

2 A: Who/ Whose gloves are those?
B: They're Susan's. 2 A: How ........................... is the blue dress?
B: It costs £35.
3 A: Where/ What is your bike?
B: It's in the garden. 3 A: How ........................... are you?
B: I'm 14.
4 A: What/How does this computer work?
B: You should turn it on first! 4 A: How ................... do you go swimming?
B: Three or four times a week.
5 A: Which/ What jacket is you rs?
B: The green one. 5 A: How ........................... are you?
B: About 1.7 metres.
6 A: Who's/ Whose Peter Smith?
B: I think he's John 's cousin. 6 A: How .................. brothers have you got?
B: Two.
7 A: Why/ How is Bill so happy?
B: Because it's his birthday today. 74 Fill In the correct question word.
8 A: Who's/ Whose purse is this?
George: Hello?
B: It's Katie's.
J05on: Hi, George. It's Jason.
9 A: When/ Where does your cat sleep? George: Jason! 1) How are you?
B: In the living room. I05on: I'm fine thanks.
10 A: How/What is the weather like in Spain? George: 2) ................... is your new house?
B: It's really hot! loson: It's great!
George: 3) ................... is your bedroom like?
11 A: When/Why are you going on holiday? 1050n: It's really big!
B: Next weekend.
George: 4) ....... ............ are you now?
12 A: Where/ What time is it? loson: In our living room, watching TV.
B: It's quarter past two. George: 5) ................... is there with you?
J05on: Greg. Would you like to talk to him?
George: 6) ................... not? Thanks!

28

I
 Matt and Vlcky have lust met. Complete 7 Write question s to wh ich the won:ls in
the d ialogue using the questions below. bold are th e answers.

• What's your teacher's name?

This is Susan Star. She is from SeattJe, the US~ '2'S
• How many students are in your class?
years old and her birthday is on 15th December S-i: S a
• How do you get to school?
haird resser and she owns a hairdressing salon caAeO ~
• Who's your best friend there?
Edge. Three other people work with Susan: Mary. R4a a'"C
• When do your summ er holidays begin? Sally. Susan's favourite clothes are skirts and dresses and '"e:'
• Where is your school? favourite clothes designer is Ralph Lauren.
[Link]: 1) When I' yOtlr sch(lo/?
1 Who is thl
7dcy: In leeds.
2
''''aU: 2) ......................................... .... ...... ... ..
3
id<y: Twenty.
4
~att: 3) ........................................................ .
5
icky: Mr Johnson.
6
\fatt: 4) ........................................................ .
7
~''[Link]: Ashlea.
8
Matt: 5) ........................... ................ ............. .
Vicky:
l."ott:
I walk.
6) ........................................................ .
78 a) How well do you know yo ur partner?
Ask him / her the following questions
icky: 14th July. and write down his/ her answers,

6 Use the information on the card and 1 Where. are you from?
the prompts to write questions and I'm from Madrid, Spain.
answers, as In the example. 2 ................................ old are you?

3 ................................ is your birthday?

4 ................................ is yo ur favourite sport?

5 ................................ is your best friend?

6 ................................ are your hobbies?

1 Where/ be/Cafe Venice?
Where ( I f VenICe.
b) Now, tell the class about your partner.
2 How many/types of/drinks/be/there?
Map
3 How much/ be/a fresh coffee?
Writing
4 How much/ be/cakes?
79 Write a short paragraph about your
partner using the Information from E.x...78.
5 Who/be/the owner?
~1al ia from Madrid in

29
 Exploring Grammar (Unit 1)

• b) Fill In: am/ is/ ore or have/ has. Then

answer the questions.

a) Read the text below and underline 1 ;c Ruth got a dog? ~( ,he Q5n

two possessive adjectives. Where do we 2 .... ......... Ma rtin 16 years old ? .................. .

use possessive adJectives: before or after 3 ........... Ma rtin's dad got a job? ..... .... ...... .

nouns? 4 .... .. ....... Martin and Ruth in Manchest er?

5 .... ....... M artin fro m Bristol? .......... ..

A: Hi. I'm M:lrlin . What 's yo ur n:ul1t!?
Hi~ .My n:101l" S Ruth. Are you new here?
H:
A: YC::>, I am.
•
a) Read the dialogue again and
B:
A:
Your dog is t't!:I!1y beautiful.
O h! He's not mine. He's my cousin's .
3 highlight all the subject pronouns. What
6: Oh. J sel'! So. ho\\ old are yO ll . Marlin? are their equivalent object pronouns?
A: I'm sixteen. And you?
b) Look at the text again and fill In
B: I'm fifteen.
the table.
A: \~'he rc ;l rc you from?
B: rillfrom BrblOl. And you? a We use ................. p ronouns before verbs.
A: I'm from f>. lanche:;(er, b Ul rill in Bristol b We use ................. pronouns after a verb
no\\ with my family. or preposition.
B: I !;Is your family got a house here?
A: Yes. but it's not ours. It's my unde·s.
B: Why Jrc you in BrbwJ?
•
A: ~I y dad gOl new job here. a) Find all the question words In the
S:
:l
ThaCs great! ;.lice 10 meet you then . .\lartin . 4 text. Which question word Is used to
/I.: Thanks! Nice to meet you. too! ask about:
, peo pl e? .....................
b) Read the text again and circle two 2 age? .....................
pouessive pronouns. Where do we use 3 p lace? .....................
pOSleSl/ve pronouns: before or after the 4 reaso n? ............... ... ...
verb? 5 th ings? .....................
b) Complete with question words. Then,
c) Highlight the examples of the
In pairs ask and answer the questions.
pOSleSllve case In the text. How do we
form the ponen/ve with singular and 1 .............. is your best friend? ...... ............. .
plural nouns? 2 ............. is your favourite colour? ............... .
3 ................... rooms are there in your house?
•
4 ........... ....... are yo u fro m? .... ..... .............. .
a) Read the text . Find all forms of the
5 ............. old are you? ............................. .. .
verbs to be and have got. What are
6 ............. water do you drink every day?
their equivalent negative forms?

HARTU

30
 Revision (Unit
Circle the correc:t Item.

1 My sister Judy and I ...... fjfteen. 13 Matt lives ...... 25, Apple Street.
A is 8 am e are A on 8 at e In

2 ...... Peter got a big family? 14 How ...... is your school?

A Has 8 Have e Is A far 8 long e man

3 listen to ...... ! He can speak Chinese! 15 My friends and I love extreme sports .•.
A her 8 he e him favourite is skydiving.

4 There are a lot of ...... and two cows on my

A We 8 Our e Ours

grandad's farm. 16 .. .... Steve and Allan cousins?

A sheeps 8 sheep e sheep's A Are they 8 Is C Are

5 " ...... car is that?" 17 Don't talk ...... the lesson!

"It's lane's." A from 8 during e on
A Whose 8 Who's e Which
18 That's not my DVD. It's .......
6 My birthday is ...... May 29th. A David 8 Davids' e Oavid's
A in 8 at e on
19 He ...... got a large N in his bedroom.
7 "What ...... your names?" A is 8 's e have
"We're Christine and Stacy."
20 I've got a new goldfish ....... bowl is in my
A is 8 are e has
room .
8 What's ...... in the sky? Is it a helicopte r or a A Its 8 It's e It
plane?
21 Vicky and her family are ...... Rome.
A th is 8 that e these A at 8 on e in
9 I need ...... eggs fo r the cake.
22 "Has Pamela got a house by the sea?"
A any 8 some e an
"Yes, she ...... ."
10 "What's this?" A has got 8 has e have
" ...... my new mobile phone."
23 ...... name is Erin. She's sixteen years old.
A This is 8 Is e It's
A Hers 8 She e Her
11 Tracy is a friend of .......
24 " ...... is he happy?"
A me 8 mine e I
"Because it's his birthday today."
12 My house is ...... from the gym. A Why 8 Who e When
A ten minutes' walk
25 In this photo, Patrick is ...... Paul and Mark.
8 ten·minute walk
e ten minute's walk A among 8 between e at

l Porrw: 25

$TAlTU

31
 Present Simple vs Present Continuous

Form
Amy brushes t t/1]ft
ev ry meal A ' Ja/ v. he s
brushing r r If 1· r.
Present Simple
I sing. He/She/ It sings. We/ You/They sing.
I don't sing. He/ She/ It doesn't sing . We/ You{They don't sing.
Do I sing ? Does he/she/it sing? Do we/you/they sing?
Yes, I do . Yes, he/she/it does. Yes, we/you/they do.
No, I don 't. No, he/she/it doesn't. No, we/you/they don 't.

Spelling: 3rd person singular

• Most verbs take -s in the third person singular. j (le ads I dance an es
• Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -c h, -x or -0, take -es. ,es brush he brUll1es
,es ~es lfS
• Verbs ending in a·consonant + y, drop the -y and take -ies. Jy h ~tudjes t- he lr es
• Verbs ending in a vowel + y take -s only. iJ

Pronunciation

-s/-es in the third person singular is pronounced:

• /5/ with verbs ending in /f/, /k/, / p/ or It! sou nd s.
• / IZ/ with verbs end ing in /s/, Ill, It/I, /dJl or /z/ sou nds. w nes
• /l / with verbs ending in all other sounds. y , s

Present Continuous
I'm reading. He's/She's/ It's reading . We'reIYou' re/They' re reading.
I'm not reading . He/ She/It isn't reading. WeIYou/They aren 't reading .
Am I reading? Is he/she/it read ing ? Are we/you/they reading?
Yes, I am . Yes, he/she/it is. Yes, we/you/they are .
No, I'm not. No, he/she/it isn't . No, we/you/ they aren't.
Spelling

• Most verbs add -ing after the base form of the main verb. I/t[ ning, f) k king,
m w hing
• Verbs ending in -e, drop the -e and add-ing . - l ing, ling
• Verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant double the consonant and add -ing.
rn;ng \. ' ling
• Verbs ending in -ie change the -ie to
-y and add -i ng . " ring

MOOUU I

32
Use
e use the present simple for: We use the present (ontinu ous for:

• daily routines, habits, • actions happening at

repeated actions usually the time of speaking.
with adverbs of frequ e ncy #-I is doing Of t fJ Im m
(usually, always, etc). 1/ man It
/loran goes horse-riding
ery Sunday (habit)
• temporary actions
• permanent states. happe ning around the
time of speaking.
110nlco lives If If 5i D(ly,d is staying Of' r/(

teaches H/~ Dry fall fa rh

• timetables or programmes • fi xed arrangements

(buses, trains, ete). in the near future .
ore flying
r le pial e leaves Hm '1;
., clork.

You 're always

• general truths or laws of Interrupltin!l-"me, Brad!
nature .
• with always to express
he sun sets ill the West our annoyance at actions
(law of nature) happening too often.

TIme expressions used with the present

simple: every hour/day/week/month/summerl
yea r, etc, usua lly, always, eve ry morningl Time expressions used with the present
afternoon/evening/ nig ht, in the morni ng/ continuous: now, at the moment, at present,
afternoo n/evening, at midday, at night, etc these days, tomorrow, etc

Stative Verbs
Some verbs don't have continuous fo rms because they describe a state not an action, Some of these
are: like, love, hate, want, know, need, believe, understand, remember, forget, sound, cost .
ant an IC£ I n, (NOT: I'm weRtiR§ eR ... )
rm 't understand tilt qu S/IIl'l , (NOT: "R=/ Ret blRfkrsteRfJiny ... )
ove my dog \ler~ much. (NOT: I'R=/ 19\Iiny my dog ... )
you remember .~am(m l ha (NOT: Ar:e )'BbI r:eR':JeR'lBet=iR§ ... )

MODULE 1

33
 Write the third -pe rson singular of the Charlotte Is at home with her family.
1 verbs In the correct box, as In the Look at the picture and complete the
e xa mple. Then read the verbs aloud . questions . Then, answer them ,

• shout • match • read • say • trick

• wish • kiss • trip • catch • climb
• finish • try • sing • rush • save

shouts,
Isl

matches, ................ ·.································1

11z/
.......................................... ...................... 1 DOtS Charlotte surf the Net?
feads, ...................................................... Yes, she do
IZ/ 2 ............. Charlotte have a dog?
.................................................................
3 ............. Charlotte's parents have grey hair?
Add -Ing to the verbs below and put .................................................................
2 th em In the correct box: watch, have, tie 4 ............. Charlotte's grandad wear glasses?
chat, run, eat, lie, catch, put, do, hang, , ............................................................... .
ploy, surf, get, go, celebrate, ride, cook, s Charlotte's mum chat on the
speak, sing, use, swim, draw, fly. phone?

+ -ing ,watching, .......................... . 6 ............. Charlotte's dad read newspapers?

-.e - + -i ng lving, ............................. .

S Fill In with the present continuous .

-~ - +y + -ing tying, ................. ............... . 1 Look! They are ~wimming (swim) in the sea.
2 Danny and Mandy ...................... .. .......... ..
double consonant chatting, ........................... . (fly) a kite in the park.
+ -i ng 3 I .............................................. (not/ ride)
my bike at the moment.
4 My mum ....................................... (cook)
Underline the correct item.
dinner in the kitchen now.
1 Does your dad d rive/drives a car? S Melanie and I ................................. (play)
2 Does/ Do Mary and Paul live in London? computer games. We ............................... .
3 Does your mum ma kes/make your bed? (no t/d raw) pictures. 11]

4 Linda has/h ave a shower every day. 6 My brother .............................................. i.

S Jackie and Steve g oes/go to the cinema at (not / use) the computer right now.
the weekends. 7
6 My sister and I does n't/do n 't get up early (yo ur d ad/fix) your bike in the garden?
on Sundays. 8
(you/ meet) John and Mary tonight?
MODULE 1

34
 ~rbs of Frequ e ncy
• erbs of frequency show us how often
someth ing ha ppens. They are the following:

ays (100%) sometimes (25%)

wually (75%) rarely/seldom (10%)
often (50%) never (0%) We always cL experiment n ch
sello I (Clene lab
IJse adve rbs of frequ ency:
_ befo re the ma in verb. Wf- often order piua on Ff/day nights .
= after the verb to be. ~h never
le: The adverbs rare ly/se ld o m and neve r have a negative meaning and they are never used
with the word not . They rarely go lit .n UP Jy (I'ght
HI never has egqs 'Jnd bacon for breakfast.

Use adverbs of frequency and the Put the words In the (arred order to
phrases below to write about yourself. make sentences.

go to bed at 10 o'clock 1 by bus/school/always/he/goes/to

n 9 (I 0 lod -I a/ways gOE seho by bus.
1 have cereal for breakfast 2 on/park/the/sometimes/he/goes/to/Sundays

3 talk to friends on the phone 3 never / pool /goes/she/swi m mi ng/in/the

.. visit my grandparents 4 always/eat/they / the/ in/ breakf ast/morn ing

5 tidy my roo m 5 watch/often/wenv/dinner/after

6 go to the cinema with my friends 6 always/Tom/for work/is/late

7 walk to school

8 eat at fast-food restaurants 8 In pairs, ask each other how often yo u:

• surf the Net • chat on the phone

9 cook lun ch
• play sports • hang out with friends
• watch TV • eat out
10 get up early on weekdays
4 f-Iow ften do you surf tf Ne
II have a shower in the evenings B" I sometimes surf the N
A: How often do you
,
12 watch TV on Saturday mornings

MODUUl

35
 Put the verbs In brackets Into the Complete the exchanges with the
present simple or present continuous . present dmple or present continuous.

1 Stephanie plo} 9 (play) computer games 1 A: (you/ like) your new job?
in her room right now. B: Yes, a lot. Ac tual ly, I (have) my
2 Tessie .................................. (have) dance first big meeting tomorrow.
classes on Tuesdays. 2 A: ...................................... (you / believe)
3 The child ren .............................. (walk) to in g hosts?
school today. B: Well, I ............. .............. .... (not/ know)
4 Lauren ........................... (go) to bed early if they are real, but I .......... ................. ..
every night. (not/ want) to see any!
5 She ...................... (live) in New York City.
3 A: ............................. .......... (Dave /cycle)
6 Helen .................................. (not/ talk) on
in the park right now?
the phone at the moment.
B: Yes, he ................... He ..................... .
7 Sally usually .................. .......... (watch) TV
(ride) his bike eve ry weekend.
in the evening.
Slim ..................................... (s urf) the Net 4 A- Jason ............................ (be) very busy.
at the weekends. B: I know. He ........................................... .
9 Th e boys ................................... (not/ eat) (wo rk) very hard these days.
breakfast every morning. 5 A: Where .................................. (be) Tom
10 What time ............................. (you/ leave)
and Luke now? I ....................... (need)
for work on Fridays?
to talk to them.
11 ........................... ......... (they/study) hard
B: They ................ ... .................... (watch)
for the exa ms these days?
a film in Tom's room.
12 I .................. .............................. (visit) my
grandmother tomorrow.

Ann has got a dally routine, but she Is changing It for today. Look at the pictures and
the prompts to say what she usually does and what she Is doing today.

in the morning in the afternoon in the evening

• go swimming • watch TV • talk on the phone
• go jogging • play compute r games • go out with her friends

A Ann usually goes sWimming in the mornmg, but today sne IS going 'oggina

MODULE 1

36
 Look at the pictures and write 13 Complete with om/is/are o r do/don't'
sentences, as In the example. does/doesn't.
1 A: Where O( John and Usa live?
B: In London.

2 A: Is Peter a good football player?

B: Yes, but he .................. play very often.
play tennis every 3 A: Why .................. you crying?
afternoon play basketball now B: I .................. watching a really sad film.
1 They plo) term 'v ofte noon. They oren '/ 4 A: Where .................. Brenda going?
playing tennis now. Tfu'y re pwymq basketball. B: To the supermarket.
5 A: I .................. want to go out tonight.
B: Why? Is everything OK?
6 A: How much .................. this jacket cost?
B: Il's not very expensive.

.(1-1001 every morning wa lk to school today 14 Complete the dialogue with the present
2 .... ............................................................. . simple or the present continuous.

Meg: Hi, Unda! 1) Art you (10i, q (you/ do)

anything this Saturday?
Undo: Not really, why?
Meg: 2) .......... ....... ....................... (you /want)
to go shopping in the morning?
Undo: That 3) ..................................... (so und)
great! I 4) ................................... (want)
to buy a new dress for julie's wedding!
Meg: When 5) ......... ................ ...................... .
3 ................................................................. .
(she/ get ) married?
Undo: In July!
Meg: Wow! So soon? Well, then you 6) ...........
.................................. (need) to buy a
dress before it's too late. What time
7) ................................... (be) good for
you?
Undo: Let's meet at the bus stop at 10.
play football
swim now Meg: Greatl See you on Saturday!
on Tuesdays
4 ................................................................. .

MODUUI

37
 Underline the correct item. Speaking
Look at the pictures and the prompts.
1 Angela is sleeping now/ often.
In pairs, ask and answer questions, as
2 Tom gets up late at present/ on Sundays.
In the example.
3 I' m taking swim ming lessons these
days/ eve ry summer.
4 Does Karen now/ usua lly wake up early?
• doctor
5 George isn't playing volleyball now/every
• work now?
day.
• take a break
Complete with the present simple or the
present continuous.
A: What doe she dol
Dear .\ Iaria,
B: She's a doctor.
1 I) 11 (write) /i'om Ihe beaUliful island of A: Is she working now?
Sicil", The \\cmhcr 2) .. ................... (be) hot and
B: No, she's taking Q break.
su nn y so 'le 3) ........................... (spend) most of
the da~ relaxing on Llle beath.

r-. I ~ t~lllIil r a nd I 4) ........................... (stay) in a • secreta ry

hotel b} the sea. Rig ht 110\\', I 5) ...... .. ................. . • type a letter now?
(Si l) on the bakom and I 6) ........................ .. • talk on the phone
(drink) fru it juice. ~ I )' parent<; 7) .......................... ,
(be) at lhe market The}' 8) ........................ .
(look) /01' fresh fru it and \ cgclables.
On Tucsda). wc 9) ........ ............................ (leave)
fo r Sardinia, anoilu:!1' beautiful Italian island. We • teac her
10) ........................................ (plan) lO \'isit all i l~ • teach at the moment?
ancient sites and lake lots or photos. • correct students'
[ JUSl 11 ) .......................... (lo"e) it here and homewo rk
12) ... ...................... .. ....... .. (noc}want) to lea\"e .

Sce yo u soon.
Lisa
• farmer
• milk the cows now?
Write sentences about yourself. Use the • feed the chickens
following time expressions .

• usually • always • now

• these days • on Mondays Writing
1 I usually go to the beach in July. 19 Choose one of the pictures f rom the
2 Speaking activity and describe it. Say
3 where the people are, what they are
4 doing , what they are wearing, etc.
5
MODUlE 1 ~l For Further Practice 5~ p. 146)
38
 This is Mar/ey! )
The infinitive
\
The infinitive is the basic form of all verbs.

There are two types of infinitives: Of cOlme.! Do

a) to-infinitive l a 'mit you want to
b) bare infinitive (infinitive without to) '[Link] come for a walk
With us'

To-infinitive Bare infinitive (infinitive without to)

We use to-infinitive : We use infinitive without to :
• after the fo llowing verbs: advise, agree, ask, • after modal verbs (can, may, [Link], etc).
decide, exp ect, forget , hope, manage, / can play the guitar:
need , offer, prefer, promise, refu se, seem, • after the ve rbs let and make .
want, etc. My parent5 never let me go out after 9.
She [Link]. to be really happy. My mum a/way( makes. me tidy my room .
• after be + adjective (like: happy, nice, [Link],
etc).
The subject of the infinitive
It's. nice to [Link] you again! • When the subject of the main verb and the
• afte r ve rbs like know, learn, remember, ask, subject of the infinitive is the same, then the
want to know, when they' re fo ll owed by the subject of the infinitive is om itted.
question words who, what, where and how. They want to buy a new house, (The subject
She knows. how to make a ch! ie-ake. of the main verb (wa nt) and the sub ject of
• with the adverbs too and enough . the infinitive (to buy) is the same: 'They'.)
She 's too sad to go to a party. • When the subject of the infinitive is
You aren't old enough to go oul alone . different from the sub ject of the main ve rb,
• to exp ress purpose. then the subject of the infinitive is not
I'm going re th SUP! r IQrKe to buy some omitted. The subject of the infinitive can be
orangl '11 f a name (Tony), a noun (the g irls), or an
• with would love, would like, would prefer. object pronoun (me, yo u, them, etc) and
I'd love l o go to lhe cinema tonight. goes before the infinitive.
/ want Susan la help me with my homework .
Or I want her to help me with my homew
(The subject of the verb (want) is 'I'. The
subject of the infinitive (to help) is Susan/her.)

Write what the following words / phrases are followed by: to-Infinitive (TI) or bore infinitive
(BI).

1 can + BI 4 want + 7 let + 10 I'm sorry +

2 advise + 5 seem + 8 hope + 11 make sb +
3 sho uld + 6 may + 9 prom ise + 12 refuse +

MOOUU 1

39
 Put the verbs in brackets Into the Use either the bore or the to-infinitive to
correct Infinitive form. form sentences. Make any other
necessary changes.
1 This book is too long d (read) in a week.
2 My brother always makes me .................... . 1 it/be/too late/ call /them/ now
(take) the dog for a walk. r, n}w.
3 I know where ....................... (fi nd) the 2 let/ me/ tell/you/what/ this/ be
cheapest COs in town.
4 Mum is going to the bakery .................. .. 3 the children/seem/like/their/new teacher
(buy) some bread.
5 You should ....................... (te ll) your 4 an artist/can/ remember/ people's faces/ in
teacher about this problem. detail
6 We want ....................... (travel) to Vienna
in the spring. 5 you/be/old enough/g%n holiday/with/your
7 I can ....................... (understand) how friends
happy she is from the look on her face.
8 Ella would like ........... ............ (become) a 6 it/ be/ nice/ be/ back/ home
famous singer.
9 My brother doesn't let me ..................... .. 7 I/ not know/how/answer/ th is/question
(use) his laptop.
10 We don't have enough money 8 she/manage/finish/project/on time/ the
(stay) in an expensive hotel.

Fill in the gaps with the correct forms

Rephrase the following , as in the
of the verbs below. 5 example .
• make • buy • come • do • drive
• hear • go • run • speak • take
, My mum says I must go home now.
My mum wants me to go home now.
1 I promise fa come home before 10 o'clock. 2 You must do you r homework now.
2 Do you know how . .................. .. a I want ..................................................... .
chocolate cake? 3 You must leave now.
3 It's too cold .................... for a walk outside. I want ....... .............................................. .
4 She's not old enough ....................... a ca r. 4 You mustn't call me again.
S Matt and Amy can ....................... German. I don't want ............................................ .
6 I'd like ....................... a new pair of jeans. S My uncle Pete says I must visit him tomorrow.
7 He hopes ....................... his first marathon My uncle Pete wan ts ............................... .
this year. 6 My mum says I mustn't go to bed late
S Jack knows how ....................... his Maths tonight.
homework. Mum doesn't want ............... .................. . .
9 I'm happy ....... ................ you're doing well 7 She must tidy her room.
at school. I want ..................................................... .
10 You should ...................... . an umbrella with 8 Dad says I must study more.
you today. Dad wants ................... ................... ........ .

MODULE I

40
 Put the verbs In brackets into the Complete the emall using the verbs in
correct infinitive form.
7 brackets In the correct Infinitiye fonn .

1 A: Do you want eat (eat) lunch now?

B: Not just yet. I'd like to q( (go) to the
gym first.
Hi Lindsey,

2 A: Do you know how ....................... (use) Thanks for your [Link].s great 1)
this computer?
(hear) from you again.
B: Yes. Here, let me ....................... (show) I hope I can 2) ......................... (come) to your
party next week. l\'l y parents don't let m~
you how.
3) ................... (go) to parties often, so I need
3 A: Can you ....................... (stop) talking, 4) ......................... (ask) them first. Howewl".
please? Our teacher asked us ............. .
they like you, so they shou ld 5) .........................
(say) 'yes'.
(hand) in the project tomorrow.
Do you expect 6) ......................... (have) many
B: Sorry! I promise .................... (be) quiet.
guests at the PMty? I want 7) .........................
4 A: Do you expect ....................... (find) a (buy) you a present. Is tllcre anytlling you need?
job this summer? Another thing - I don 't remember how
B: Yes, I hope .......... ............. (work) on 8) .................. ( find) your house. Can you
9) ......................... (send) me the directions?
my uncle's farm.
Don't forget 10) ......................... ( teU) me which
S A: Did you ask Dave !-Jus 11) ......................... (take) from my house.
(come) to the party? I hope 12) ......................... (sce) yOll at your
B: Yes, but his mum says he's too young party!
....................... (go) to parties. Lots of love,
Tina
6 A: How do you manage ...................... .
(exercise) with such a busy schedule? Speaking
B: Well, it seems ...................... (be)
In pairs, take turns to tell your partner
difficult, but it's easy if you organise your 8 what your teacher lets/ doesn ' t let you
time well.
do or makes/ doesn 't make you do. Use
7 A: Can you (make) your own Ideas as well as the ideas
pancakes? below to help you .
B: No, I don't know how ...................... .
• play games • tidy the classroom • talk
(took) yet.
• have parties • use a dictionary
8 A: Do yo u know w hat ...................... .
• play music • eat • work in pa irs
(study) for the test tomorrow? • listen to music • write on the board
B: Yes, we must ....................... (learn) all
• correct each other's homework
the new vocabulary.
• use the school library
9 A: John promised ....................... (visit) us
'" DUI leacher doesn' us ,..Iay 'lames In
at the weekend.
the classroom.
B: I'm really happy ....................... (hear)
B: Our teacher makes us tidy the classroom
that.
every day. ele

MOOUl£l

41
 The ' -ing form '

The -;n9 form is the form of the verb that ends in 41 and Vlcky
-i ng . playing
ming. ing, ing dl qumes

Us.
We use the -;ng form:
• as a noun. • after phrases like be busy, it's no use, it's no
Swimming is good lor your body. good, it's (not) worth, there's no point (in),
• with the following verbs: like, love, di slike, what's the use of ' .. , can't help, can't stand .
hate, enjoy, prefer. I can t stand listening
r hates getting up early. • after prepositions.
• after the verb go when we talk about activities. I'n 0000 at building model a oplanes.
Ne go ice·skating r V mlrl • after the following verbs: avoid, admit,
• after the verbs: start, begin, finish , stop, confess, deny, look forward to, mind, regret,
continue. ri sk, spend, suggest, ete.
It stopped raining holf an hour ogo. I suggest going for a wall

Notes:
• We use the to-infinitive and not the -in9 form after the expressions would love, would like, would prefer.
I would love to meet your new friend. BUT I love reading books.
• We can use the bare infinitive or the -in9 form after the verbs see, hear, feel and watch . Notice the
difference in meaning, however: 1 law Ht' park h 01 (l saw the whole action - Helen finished
parking the car.)
I saw Heler parking her -ar (I only saw part of the action - Helen was in the process of parking the car.)

Match column A to column B to make correct sentences, as In the example.

)
Steve enjoys a trying to fix the TV. We need a new one.
I decided b make rabbits disappear.
It's no use c is my favourite sport.
The Simpsons are looking forward to d to become doctors one day.
Swimming e going on their family holiday.
The magician can f playing computer games. It's his favourite pastime.
Bill and Vicky hope g help me with my Maths homework?
Kellyavoids h to meet my parents?
Can you to buy a new laptop.
Would you like eating fast food because she believes it's unhealthy.

,",OOUl£1

42
 Choose the correct Item. Put the verbs In brackets Into the
correct Infinitive or ·Ing form .
saw Tom ...... th e letter and read it.
A. opening B to open C open
A
don 't like ...... tennis. Chris wants 1) to become
A play B 10 play C playing (become) an actor one day. He
loves 2) ............ ............. (acl)
~ She seems ...... really sad. and he can 3) ........................ .
A being B to be C be (dance) very well, too. He enjoys
- '.1ax is tired of ...... late nights. 4) ......................... (watch) films
A work ing B to work C wo rk and he hopes 5) ...................... .. .
(perform) in action films when he's older.
5 stopped ...... an hour ago.
A snow B snowing C to snow

would love ...... on a cruise next summer.

A to go B go C going
o Susan expects 1) (pass) her exams next week.
She's also looking forward 10 2) . .... ...... . (relax)
- Are you looking forward to ...... to Rome? in the summer. Her parents want her
A fly B 10 fly C flying 3) .............................. (have) a
holiday In the mountains, but she
let's go ...... in the afternoon.
prefers 4) ..............................
A jogging B jog C 10 jog
(spend) lhe time on the beach.
.. The Smiths decided ...... their house. She wants to learn how
A selli ng B to sell C sell ~ .. ..... .. ...... ... . . .. . .... . .. .. ..... ... .
(windsurf), loo .
.:: .... is my favou rite extrem e sport!
A To skydive B Skydiving C Skydive
Speaking
13 Find out how your partner likes/ doesn 't
Complete the sentences about yourself. like spending his/ her summer holidays.
Use the Infinitive or -ing form. Use the verbs and phrases below.

like helpiru} m a d 1f1 , gorrl 11 • love • hate • don't mind • like

can't stand ............................................ ..
J must ..................................................... .. go swimming sunbathe stay up late
.J. don't mind ............................................ .. read books meet friends eat ice cream
.s love ....................................................... ..
A What ,j( I e my dUri 19 yow
wan t ................ ........ ........ ..... ................ ..
lUmmer h /ldays'
ha~ .......................... ............................. .
B
E know how ................. .. .......................... ..
~ My parents make me ................................ .
I wo uld like .............................................. . Writing
4 Write a short paragraph about how
your partner likes/ doesn 't like
spending his/ her summer holidays.
 Exploring Grammar (Units 2-3)

• np ent What Is a statlve verb? Find an example

In the text .

a) Read the text. Circle all the verbs In

Underline all the adverbs of frequency In
the present simple and underline all the
the text. Where do we use adverbs of
verbs In the present continuous. Then,
frequency In a sentence?
look at the highlighted verb forms and
match them to their uses:
Fill In with the present simple or the
• daily routines/habits/repeated actions present continuous.
• permanent states
• actions happening at the time of speaking 1 A: What time .................... .... .... (you /eat)
• temporary actions happening around breakfast in the morning?
the time of speaking B: At 7:30.
• fixed arrangements in the near future 2 A: ............................... (your sister/ want)
to come with us?

Blog B: I don't think so. She ............................ .

(do) her homework right now.
da atwork!
3 A: .................................. ......... (th ey/ like)
My job is quite different. You see I'm a
hanging out with friends?
zookeeper. I work in the local zoo. It's
hard, but I like looking after wild animals. B: Yes, they do.
./ Let me describe my typical day. 4 A: Please be quiet. Kylie ......................... ..
~

I get up early every day. I always help (study) for her Maths test.
feed the animals in the morning. r B: Oh, I ..................... (be) so sorry!
sometimes forget to eat breakfast myself 5 A: ........................... ............ ( Max/slee p)?
because I think about the animals first. I B: No, he ............................... (watch) TV
usually spend the rest of the day washing the in his bedroom.
animals and cleaning their enclosures, too.
We often have educational days at the zoo.
Schools organise trips to see our wildlife
• v
When do we use the ·;n9 form? the to·
and we teach children some facts about
the animals live and what they eat. This 5 Infinitive? and the infinitive without to?
week is special because we're taking groups of Find examples In the text.
students and scouts for evening walks around the
zoo! It's a thrilling expenence and I hope they like It!
Write -/ng form , to · infinitive or infinitive
Right now I'm preparing the pandas' lunch. I'm 6 without to next to each word/ phrase.
feeding them at 2 o'clock this aftemoon, as I have to
prepare for the evening walk. Make sentences using them .
So what do you think? Isn't my job different? 1 like -1'19 form
2 want
b) How do we form the negative and 3 suggest
the interrogative of the present simple 4 can
and the present continuous? What are 5 would like
the spelling rules for each tense? 6 seem

MOOU~E 1

44
 Revision (Units 1-3)
Circle the correct Item .

1 She never ...... dinner after 9 o'clock. 14 Do you ...... the question?
A eat B have C has A understanding 8 understand
C understands
2 My parents are sleeping ........
A never B at the moment 15 It's hot and sunny today. I suggest ...... for a
C always swim.
A going B to go C go
] " Does Melissa like travelling?"
"No, she ........ " 16 He ...... in Leeds.
A hasn't B isn't C doesn't A live B li vi ng C lives

4 She can ...... five foreign languages! 17 Thi s is ...... and Jim 's dog. They call it Rudy.
A to speak B speaking C speak A Nicole B Ni co le's C Nicoles'

5 ...... he remem ber lisa? 18 Dean and Paul are out with some friends of
A Does B Is C Has
A theirs B their C them
6 My dad doesn't let me ...... TV at night.
A watching B watch C to wa tch 19 l ane ...... to buy this book. It's really
interesting!
7 " Is John having lunch right now?"
A is wanting B wants C want
"Yes, he ....... "
A has B does C is 20 They must hurry if they want to arrive ......
time for the film.
8 These are my notebooks ....... are on the
A at B in C for
teacher's desk.
A Yours B Your C You 21 1 love yo ur new laptop! ...... fantastic!
A It's Bits C It
9 Kate is .... .. sister.
A Stacy's B Stacy C Stacys' 22 There isn't ...... ap pl e jui ce in the fridge.
A not any B some C any
10 Matt's party is ...... Sa turday.
A on B at C in 23 Jack ...... got two dogs and a cat.
A is B has C have
11 "" .. " is the dog?"
"It's under the table." 24 lom I....... 'IS someone here to see you.I
T

A What B Where C Which A There B It C Where

12 I'm too tired ...... a film right now. 25 Hello ....... is Rose Butler speaking.
A watching B to watch C watch A That B This C These

13 What tim e ...... your mum get up every

morning?
A does B are C do
I
\
Points:

" )

MODUlll

45
 Past Simple (regular &: irregular verbs)

J=
I was Q be' utltu/ summer Mr and M rs Smith Half an lIour fater, they Suddenly, Mr' Smith
Jay. TfI Aids woke up at made breakfast and set off on their journey, froze. "Oh, no! shi'
9 o'c xx 1et feft really put the'r suitcmes In said. We left the
K( Itro about rhe ( 'no rhe cor. Doby I)ehind! "
o.
Form (Regular/Irregular verbs)

I/You/He/She/lt/We/You/They fin ished/ ran .

I/You/ He/She/lt/We/You/Th ey didn't finish / run.
Did I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they finish / run?
Yes, I/you/he/she/itlwe/you/they did .
No, I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they didn't .

Spelling Rules (regular &: irregular verbs) Pronunciation

• Verbs ending in -e take only -d. like - ed r The suffix -ed is pronounced:
• Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the • Ildl when the verbs end in It I or Id/
-y and take -ied . fry fried sound. r )s ted, need ed
• Verbs ending in a vowel + y, take -ed. • It I when the verbs end in a I kl, Isl, 11//,
.d 1/1, I f I or I pl sound .
• Verbs ending in one stressed vowel b( Jkfd, missed, matchpd, I (I/ Shfd,
between two consonants, double the last IlJghf'd, stopped
consonant before the -ed. mned • Id! when the verb ends in any other
BUT sound.
• Verbs ending in -I, double the I before they b lwed arriv, J, :wbbed, opened
take -ed.
lied, ~! larr 'lIed

• Irregular verbs do not form the past simple

by adding -ed.
[Link] bre7k t e
(See fist of irregular verbs at the back of the
book.)

MODULl 2

46
 I' . t

Use
We use the past simple to talk about:
• actions which happened at a particular • actions that happened immediately one
time in the past. The time is either after the other in the past.
mentioned or implied.
They went camping fast
summer. (When? Last
summer. The time is
mentioned).
They did lots of lhinq~.
(When? Last summer. First she read the book and then she 1h ow ed
The time is implied.) it to her friends.

• past habits. In this case we use adverbs of • people who are no longer alive.
frequency (always, often, usually,
every day/month, ete). Princess Diana
My family and I olway~ went camping e~ ~r helped people
summer when I wm younf (But we don't in need.
go any more.) (Princess Diana
is dead.)

Time expressions used with the past simple: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last
week/month/year, two hours/days/weeks/ months!years ago, when, then, in 2008, etc

Complete the table with the following verbs .

• act • chat • close • fry • enjoy • tidy • like • look • open • play • quarrel • ra ce
• stop • study • surf • travel • try • use • watch • plan • happen • learn • miss

act acted,

M ODULE 2

47
 Write the past simple form of the verbs b) Now complete the sentences with
b e low. The n put them Into the correct verbs from Ex . la In the post simple.
category In the table.
1 in the sea every day last summer.
1 paint - d 8 ...............
finish - 2 Sarah ................................... dinner for her
2 watch - .............. 9 cook - ................ family last Sunday.
3 open - ............... 10 need - ................ :3 Mark's room was a mess, so he .................. ..
4 arrive - ............... drop - ................
5 "
dance - .............. 12 laugh - ............... 4
it last night.
NeU usually takes the bus to school, but she
6 visit - ................. 13 play - .. ............... .............................. .... there yesterday.
7 climb - ............... 14 race - .. .............. . S Sue .................................. to her best friend
on the phone an hour ago.
6 David .................................. a picture of his
house at school today.
mle J wakhed opened
7 The girls ................................ their bicycles
.....................................................................
around the park yesterday morning .
....................... ....................... ...................... .
S His parents .............................. to Rome last
.....................................................................
Friday even ing. The flight lasted one hour.
....................... ....................... ...................... .
9 Alex ............................. his homework and
.....................................................................
.. .......................... for a walk .
....................... ....................... ...................... .
10 I ............................... a very good comedy
.....................................................................
at the cinema.
11 lane ...................... at the party at 8 o'clock.
a) Complete the tables with the past 12 Mary ............................... a funny costume
simple of the following verbs. at yesterday's street parade.

• swim • dance • ride • fly • cook

• draw • do • wa lk • see • wear
4 Write what you did ...

• arrive • tidy • celebrate • leave • yesterday afternoon • three days ago

• come • break • talk • lie • go • last week • last year • in 2007
• last summer

1
swam 2
"
..................................................................
................................... ................................... ..................................................................
................................... ................................. .. 3 ..................................................................
................................... ................................... .. ........................................................... ... ..
................................... .................................. . 4 ..................... ..................... ........................
................................... .................................. . .. .......................................................... ..... .
................................... .................................. . 5 .................................................... ..............
................................... .................................. . ................................................................. .
....•.............................. .................................. . 6 ..................................................................
..., ............................................................. .

'-'ODUlt: 1

48
 Look at what Sandra did/ didn 't do last b) Write questions about Amelia
Sunday and make sentences. Earhart. The n write short answers.

• get up early X 1 Amelia Earhart/buy/ her own plane/in 1921?

• eat breakfast ./ rr, t ly 921
• go to school X she
• do her homework ./ 2 she/cross/the Atlantic/in 1932?
• meet her friends ./
'-
• check her emails X
3 she/decide/to/fly/around the world?
last Sunday ...
1 JT'/dra didn't gl t .Jp e;r/y. ..................•...............................................
2 ................................................................. . 4 she/set off/in March 1937?
3 .................................................................. .. ................................................................
4 .................................................................•
S 5 she/reach/her destination?
6 .............................................................. . ................................................................. .

a) Put the verbs In brackets Into the 6 rescue teams/find/her?

past simple. ........•.........................................................

Put the verbs Into the past simple. Then

match the questions to the answers.

IJIIl What film did you wotch (you/wat ch)

-..,.lIa Earhart. Ihe legendary woman pllol, 1) (be) yesterday evening?
tn Kansas. USA in 1897. After her fltst plane [ID Whaltime .......................................... ..
~ in 1920 she 2) .. . (lake) flYing .................. (yo u/go) to bed last night?
ssoos and Ihen In 1921 she 3) [I[J Whallime .......................................... ..
~ her own plane. Her big momenl 4) .............. (you/ wake up) this morning?
wne) in 1932 when she was the first woman pilot to [!D What ....................................................
:::ss the AtlantiC Ocean In a single flight But Amelia (you/ eat) for breakfast?
(noVstop) Ihere Next. she [ID Who ................................................... ..
(decide) 10 fly around Ihe world I
(yo u/ meet) this afternoon?
"'7) (set) off In March t 937 bul
~ Where ................................................. .
>er 8) .. . (reach) her destination. Her
(you/go) la si weekend?
. ane myslenously 9) (disappear)
~ the Pacific Ocean. Rescue teams 10)
>peod) weeks searching bul 11) a 8:00 am. d To the cinema.
od) nothing. Wha1 12) . .. (happen) b fred. e At midnight.
-melia on her last flight? Nobody knows for sure. c Spiderman 3. f An egg on toast.

"lOool! 2

49
 Put the verbs In brackets into the post 10 Put the verbs In brackets into the past
simple. simple.

1 A: What did you ( J( (you/ cook) for dinner? A: Wha t 1) did YOv do (you/ do) last summer?
B: I mode (make) a pizza. B: I 2) .................... (go) to an island and I
2 A: (yo u/see) 3) .................... (work) in a restaurant.
any films last weekend? A: What kind of work 4) .............................. ..
B: No, but I ................................ (read) a (you/do)?
nice book. B: I 5) ...................... (be) a wa iter.
A: 6) ........................ .... ..... ......... (you / work)
3 A: (they/ go)
long hours?
to the gym last night?
B: Yes, but I 7) .... .. ............ (sleep) a lot, too.
B: No, they ............................... ... .. (stay)
I also 8) .................... (save) so me money.
at home and
A: How long 9) ............................ (you/ stay)
(surf) the Net.
there?
4 A: B: 1 10) .......................... (a rrive) in June and
(Matt/meet) his cousin yesterday? 11 ) ............. (leave) in August. I 12) ........ .
B: Yes, they .................................. (go) to (be) there for two months.
the footba ll match together. A: 13) ..................... (you/ have) a nice time?
5 A: How ............................ (be) the party? B: Yes, 114) .................... (en joy) it a lot!
B: Fantastic! Everyone .............................. .
(da nce) to the music and ................... . Speaking
(si ng) along to their favourite songs.
6 A: When ....................... .......... ..... ... ....... .. .
11 a)as InIn the
pairs, ask and answer questions,
example. Use the phrases
(you/fly) to the Bahamas? below and your own Ideas.
B: Last summer. We ................................. .
• eat breakfast this morning
(have) a wonde rful t im e!
• do your homework la st night
• hang out with friends la st weekend
Put the words In the correct order to
9 make sentences.
• go swimming la st Friday
• buy new clothes la st week
1 didn't/to/ Emma/ go/school/ today
A. Did y:w .at t. eakfast rnis morning?
Emma ~idn' fJ0')j [Link].
B: Yi -I NI I Jidn ete
2 james/ did/ dishes/ the/wash/yesterday?
b) Now tell the clan what your
3 play/last/ the boys/didn't/ night/football partner did/ didn 't do.

Mark ate takfaH 01

4 Caroline/a/pair/wore/of/ boots/red/last Sunday

5 hol iday/Iast/went/we/on/yea r/S pa in/to

Writing
12 Write a short paragraph about things
6 you/the/d id /news/ listen/the/to/rad i%n? you did / didn't do yesterday morning.
Use the Speaking activity to help you.
MOOU~E 2

50
 !led to

ioed to is a past fo rm . We cannot use it in the present tense.

s the sa me form in all persons singu la r and plural.
to 11 E ,jdn w e tf Did

I/You/He/She/It/We/You/They used to speak Italian.

u~ to a ,,-,
I/You/He/She/lt/We!You/They didn 't use to speak Italian.
Did I/yo u/he/she/it/we/you/they use to speak Italian ?
Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they did .
No, I/yo u/he/s he/it/we/yo u/they didn 't .

• Used to is used to talk about past habits or things that happened

1'egularly in the past but no longer happen.
ed to read (He doesn't do
-hat any more.)
• e also use used to for th ings tha t were true but are not true any
more.
used to hav (Now she has Did 1nl' to play
oJonde hair.)
• e can use the past simple instead of used to with no difference in /ghl Ye did H
"1eaning when we talk about past habits. Jsed t o play ''''.1
ed to live /, lived Par' ut now he play~
BUT Sht bought Q r, cJ 'ay. (NOT: I:Jsefi le BblY - single Qske t ../
past action)

Match the verbs 1-6 with the words/ phrases a -f. Then write sentences about what
Sharon used to/ didn 't use to do when she was younger.

play a books
., not eat b a lot of television
3 draw c pictures with crayons
walk d compu ter games
S- not read e vegetables
watch f to school

I1sd (J uy

3
-.............................................................. .
 Six years ago, Mlchael was at high Use used to/ didn 't use to to write
school. Now, he goes to university. Use sentences about your past habits.
the phrases to ask and answer
1 91
questions about him, as In the example.
2 ..................................................................
NOW 3 ..................................................................
• live in a flat
4 ..................................................................
5 ...................................................... ... .........
• have a driving licence
• eat fast food
Put a tick (..') next to the sentences
• go to the gym
where 'used to + main verb ' can replace
THEN the past simple.
• live at home with his
1 Martin watched a lot of cartoon s when he
parents
was younger. ..' 1 t« at,--h l
• ride a bicycle
2 Sandra m et her friends last night.
• eat home made food
• play basketball with friends
3 William Wallace lived in Scotland in the 13th
century................................. .
se t 4 Nita read that book last year.

Read the dialogue and fill in the gaps 5 Th e Smiths drove a small car ten years ago.
with the correct form of used to and
the verbs In brackets. 6 Lucy went to bed ea rly last Saturday.

A: Grandad! 1) Old you u

t 0 (yo u/ play)
Speaking
computer games when
you were young? In pairs, ask and answer questions
8: No, I didn't. We 2) ........... . about things you used to/ didn 't use to
................................... (not/ have) computer do when you were eight years old. Use
games back then. the Ideas below and / or your own Ideas.
A: So, what 3) .................................. .......... . • send emails • draw pictu res
(yo u/ do) in your tree time? • play sports • listen to music
8: I 4) ..................................... ........ (meet) my • make your bed • ride a bike
friends after school and we 5) ................... .. • play the guitar • watch cartoons
........................... (play) games in the street.
A: 6) .............................. ............ (you/ watch)
films when you were young? Writing
8: Yes, I did. I 7) ...................................... (go) Use your partner's answers from the
to the cinema, but I 8) ................................. . Speak ing activity to write a short
(not/see) as many films as I do now. It was paragraph about what he/ she used tol
like watching magic at that time. Now, dIdn 't use to do.
child ren watch TV and films all the time.

MOOULE 1

52
 Six years ago, Mlchael was at high Use used to/ didn 't use to to write
school. Now, he goes to university. Use sentences about your past habits.
the phrases to ask and answer
1 91
questions about him, as In the example.
2 ..................................................................
NOW 3 ..................................................................
• live in a flat
4 ..................................................................
5 ...................................................... ... .........
• have a driving licence
• eat fast food
Put a tick (..') next to the sentences
• go to the gym
where 'used to + main verb ' can replace
THEN the past simple.
• live at home with his
1 Martin watched a lot of cartoon s when he
parents
was younger. ..' 1 t« at,--h l
• ride a bicycle
2 Sandra m et her friends last night.
• eat home made food
• play basketball with friends
3 William Wallace lived in Scotland in the 13th
century................................. .
se t 4 Nita read that book last year.

Read the dialogue and fill in the gaps 5 Th e Smiths drove a small car ten years ago.
with the correct form of used to and
the verbs In brackets. 6 Lucy went to bed ea rly last Saturday.

A: Grandad! 1) Old you u

t 0 (yo u/ play)
Speaking
computer games when
you were young? In pairs, ask and answer questions
8: No, I didn't. We 2) ........... . about things you used to/ didn 't use to
................................... (not/ have) computer do when you were eight years old. Use
games back then. the Ideas below and / or your own Ideas.
A: So, what 3) .................................. .......... . • send emails • draw pictu res
(yo u/ do) in your tree time? • play sports • listen to music
8: I 4) ..................................... ........ (meet) my • make your bed • ride a bike
friends after school and we 5) ................... .. • play the guitar • watch cartoons
........................... (play) games in the street.
A: 6) .............................. ............ (you/ watch)
films when you were young? Writing
8: Yes, I did. I 7) ...................................... (go) Use your partner's answers from the
to the cinema, but I 8) ................................. . Speak ing activity to write a short
(not/see) as many films as I do now. It was paragraph about what he/ she used tol
like watching magic at that time. Now, dIdn 't use to do.
child ren watch TV and films all the time.

MOOULE 1

52
 •• I I

Prepositions of movement

ad il wolkmg Brad s runnmg Brad i~ gOing up 8rad I~ coming

:JcrOSl Ihe road. along the (oad. thl tret down the tree.

~~
~
,I!"
Brad i~ divmg Brad mo
=
Brad Jumpil ~ Brad IS rl I ling
into the poof out of the tunne over e rt around. round
the 're

./:
Cl
Brad a running fram Brad is jumping Brad is going through
one !rh to Ih~ fIller. onto the Iree. the tunnel,

Brad I runnino Brad is running Brad falling off

p as t 'hi Ir t owards thi rt-I:.

We use prepositions of movement to show the direction in which someone or something is moving.
These include: along, across, up, down, into, out of, over, from ... to, around / round, onto,
through, past, towards, off.

ate; by + car/ bus/ train/ taxi/ plane/ boat BUT on foot

When there is an article (a/an, the), a possessive adjective (my, your, elc) or the possessive case before the
means of transport, we don't use by.
f' the train (NOT: P;' iRe Ufli/'J) ill my car (NOT: 1,))' 1'fI;' E9f)
.he 5 o'clock bus, in Bill's CO! in a to) 0 11 thl bus, on the plane

MOOULE 2

53
$~"
Fill In the correct preposition of [Link] the correct preposition of
movement. mO'FenJent.

A: What's that helicopter for?

B: It flies over/ up the city to see the traffic.

2 A: Look! The leaves are falling off/out of

the trees!
B: Autumn is here at last!
He is skiing I\.', 2 They are walking
3 A: Why did you hang up the phone?
the slope. ......... the beach.
B: I didn't. I lost the signal when I passed
through/towards a tunnel.
4 A: Where does this train go?
B: It goes from /off Paris to/in Lyon.

5 A: We missed the bus. How can we get to

the airport now?
3 She is going ...... . 4 The train is going
B: We can go by/in my car.
........... the stairs.
the bridge. 6 A: Does your dad drive you to school?
B: No, I go by/o n foot.

7 A: I saw you get pa st /o ut of a taxi last

night. Where did you go?
B: I went to the cinema.

8 A: I can't climb ont%ver the boat! It's too

5 He's getting ...... . 6 They are walking high!
............. the taxi. ............ the road. B: Of course you can! Give me your hand!

lake moved to a new house and he Invited his friend Sam to see it. Here's part of Jake's
em ail to his friend. Read it, look at the map and complete with : along, across, past, over,
through, round, out of.
. ..

When you come 1) 11 01 the train station, turn right

Walk 2) ..................... King Street until you see River
Road. Turn left on River Road and go 3) .................... .
the bridge. Keep walking and go 4) ..................... the
cinema. Then walk 5) ..................... the tunnel and go
6) ..................... the comer. Walk 7) ..................... to
the other side of Pine Lane and my house is just on the
left. You can't miss it
See you soon,
Jake

MODULE 2

54

--- --- ---

 Underline th e correct item. 6 Underline the corre ct prepositions.
, Your shoes are un der/ bet wee n the table.
Alison is sitting 1) in/at
1 The girl is cycling acr oss/ t h ro ugh the
her desk 2) aUon the
tunnel.
moment. She IS
3 Our house is nex t to/ in the hospital.
3) across/next to her
4' The train leaves in / at ten minutes.
best friend, Meg.
S I go to school on/ by bus every day.
They're taking notes for
6 I like walking in/at the park on warm
the ir history project
summer days.
now. They have to give it to their teacher 4) on/at
7 David is my best friend on /a t school.
Friday. 5) In/On the afternoon, the girls are meeting
8 You should be careful when you walk acro ss/
their friend, Alex. They usually take a walk
past the street.
6) over/through the park 7) from/during the
9 I am very tired o n / at the moment.
afternoon, but today they're gOlOg 8) aUto the library
o We can go to the cinema in/ on Friday night.
together so they can finish the history proJect.

Speaking •
Underline the correct preposition .
Look a t the map In Ex . 3. In pairs, ask
1 A: Excuse me! How can I get to the
7 and give directions from and to the
supermarket? following places:
B: You have to go up /~ the bridge to
• railway station - supermarket
get there.
• park - cinema
2 A: Where is David? • jake's house - park
B: Ove r there ! He's getting ont% ut of a • cinema - railway station
taxi. • railway station - park
• supermarket - lake's house
3 A: I can't find my glasses.
B: I saw them i n/ o n the kitchen table this A: How can I go from thE railway ltatiofl to
morning. the supermarket?
B: When you come out of the rDJlway station,
4 A: Where do you li ve?
turn right Walk %ng King Street. When
B: In ( lark Street, n ea r / b etwee n the
YOll reach River Road. go O((05S the street
hospital.
and the supermarket is on your right ele
S A: Do you know w here my (Os are?
B: Yes, I put them in/ at a box, thro ugh/
under your bed. Writing
You are organising a party at your new
6 A: Do you walk to work?
B: No, I go by/o n bus.
8 house. Write a paragraph giving
directions from the nearest train or
bus station to your house. Draw a
simple map. Use Ex . 3 as a model .

MOOUlE2

55
 Exploring Grammar (Units 4-6)

• a) How d o we form the

a) Rea d the text below. Circle all the interrogative/ negative forms of the
ve rbs In the past simple. Which are post limple1 Find examples in the text.
regular? Which are irregular? List
the m under the headings . b ) How do w e form short answers in
the p ost simple?

, Write the post simple of the following

verbs. What are the spelling rules?
Which of these can you find in the text?

b) Look at the h ighlighted verb forms , li ve ................. 4 study .................

in the t e xt and match them to their 2 tra vel ................. 5 play .............. ...
use s. 3 walk ................. 6 create .................
• actions which happened at a specific
time in th e past •
• actions w hich too k place one after the
Loo k through the text and find a past
other in the past
ha bit of Charles Perrault's. What is the
negative and lnerrogative form of th is
Did you always believe that Wait Disney created structure ?
the story of Cinderella? Well, then, you are wrong.
Do you know who really wrote some of the most
famous fairy tales like Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty •
and Little Red Riding Hood? It was a french writer Re ad the text and circle all the
called Charles Perrault who lived during the 17th 5 prepoJltlons of movement. Why do we
century.
use them? What other prepositiqns of
Charles was born in Paris. He was the son of a
movement do you know?
wealthy family. He went to the best schools and
studied law at university. He spent most of his life in
jobs with the govemment in France. His life as a Little Red Riding Hood is
writer began later on, though, as he used to write about a little girl who walks
from her own house to her
children's stories in his free time and only published
grandma's. She sk ips
his first collection when he was 55 under the name
through Ihe woods 10 get there.
of one of his sons. Charles lost his job when he was
A bad wolf sees her as she comes along
67 and then decided to only write fairy tales for his the forest path . He runs quickly towards her
children. grandma's house. The wolf goes into the
After he died, Charles became famous as the house, eats grandma, and then waits for the
writer who made fairy tales the way we know girl to arrive to eat her as well. To their luck, a
them tOday. hunter is near the house and comes to thei r
rescue . He cuts the wolf open and pulls out Little
Red Riding Hood and her grandma. Isn't this
happy ending?

56
 Revision (Units 1-6)
Circ:le the correct Item.

1 Did you ...... to wea r glasses when you were 14 Do you mind ...... down please?
twelve? A sitting 8 to sit C sit
A used B use C using
15 "Are you from India?"
2 Amelia Earhart ...... born in Kansas, USA in "Yes, ....... "
1897. A I'm B I am C am
A was B is C were
16 Max is diving ...... the pool.
3 I always go to work ... ". car. A into B past C towards
A on 8 in C by
17 I used ...... jogging every morning, but now
4 I finished my homework two hours ....... I go to the gym.
A then 8 ago C now A go B going C to go

5 He seems to ...... really sad. 18 ...... is Mary speaking. Is lane there please?
A is 8 being C be A This 8 That C Those

6 Natalie ...... a new motorbike last week. 19 look at those colourful ...... !
A used to buy B bought A butterfly, B butterfly
C is buying C butterflies

7 Slow down! There's a dog walking ...... the 20 This is Becky's house. It ...... got six
road! bedrooms!
A through 8 across C round A is 8 was C has

8 ...... Andrew go to the cinema yesterday 21 This car isn't mine. It's .......
afternoon? A th ey B theirs C them
A Does B Is C Did
22 "Whose room is this?"
9 He ...... €200 for his new bike. ''It's ...... room."
A pay B paid C payed A Max and Tom's B Max's and Tom's
C Max's and Tom
10 My grandma always gets up ...... dawn.
A at B from C in 23 "How ...... is the film? "
"2 hours."
11 The train ...... in half an hour. let's go!
A often B much C long
A arrived B arrives C arrive
24 Peter is a teacher. He ...... English at a
12 We ...... Sightseeing tomorrow. Wou ld you
primary school.
like to join us?
A taught B is teaching C teaches
A go 8 went
C are going 25 I... ...... a French test at school the day
before yesterday,
13 What time " ..... your dad leave the office
A sat B sit
yesterday?
C am sitting
A is B did C does
( Points: \
25 )
MODULE 2

57
 Past Continuous

Form was/ were + verb -ing

I/ He/ She/ lt was sleeping. We/ You /They were sleeping.

I/ He/ She/ lt wasn' t sleeping. We/You /They weren 't sleeping.
Wa s I/ he/she/ it sleeping? Were we/you/ they sleeping?
Yes, I/ he/she/it was . Yes, we/you/ they were .
No, I/ he/she/it wasn't. No, we/you/they weren 't.

Use
We use the past continuous:

• for an action which was in progress at a • for a past action which was in progress
stated time in the past. We do not know when another action interrupted it. We
when the action started or finished . use the past continuous for the action in
Kef! was shopping at 5 progress (longer action) and the
( d yE a~ 01 Ernoon simple for the action
(We do not know when which interrupted it
she started or when she (shorter action).
finished.) They were talking
when hi~ mobile rang.

• for two or more actions which were

happening at the same time in the past. • to give the background information in a
(simultaneous actions). story.
Linda was drawIng The sun was shining
while her mum was and the wind was
cooking at 5 o'clock. blowing. It was a
ye~rerday perfecr day for
afternoon. windsurfing.

Time expressions used with the past continuous: whi le, as, when, all day/ night/morning, etc

When/ While/ As + past continuous (longer When + past simple (shorter action wh ich
action in prog ress) interrupts the action in progress)
Wh en, While /As e wo s cooking dinner, the The ~hildren were playing when their mother
phone rang. (was cooking \'!. a \onger '3o(t\on coiled them . (coUed is a snOtter ac.t\Qn tnan were
th an rang) playing)

MOOU LI )

58
 Debble Is a student who works in a clothes shop on Saturdays. This Is a page from
Debbie's diary with a list of the things she did last Saturday. Complete the
sentences about what Debbie was doing at the stated times, as In the example .

1 Debbie at 7:20.
7: 00 - 7:30 ~at breakfa ~t
2 Debbi e .......... ......................... at 7:35.
7:30 - 7:45 ha v~a 6howu
3 Debbi e .......................... ......... at 8: 1O.
8:00 - 8:30 walk to work
4 Debbi e ............................. .... .. at 8:55 . 8:45 - 9:00 p'"par. th •• hop
5 Debbie ... ..... ... ................. ....... at 11 :15. 9:00 - 1:00 h~lpcustomers
6 Debbie ... ... ... ........ .. ..... ... ........ at 1:40. 1:10 - 1:50 have lunch with JuNe
7 Debbie ................ .. .......... ....... at 3:15. 2:00 - 6:00 work
8 Debbie .............................. ..... at 6:35. 6:15 - 6:45 go home
9 Debb ie ................................... at 7:10. 7 :00 - 7:20 mak~ dinner
10 Debbie .......................... ......... at 8 :45. 7:4 5 - 9:30 watch a fflm

What were they doing at 5 o 'clock

Use the past continuous to say what you
yesterday? Write sentences in the past
were doing ...
continuous.
1 at 9 o'clock last night.
I wm I .... k 0 9 0 clock losl 1 David I jog
nighr David was loygi, 1 at
2 at 8:30 yesterd ay mornin g. S.) I t rdrJy

3 three hours ago.

2 Bill and Susan I sho p
4 last Sa turday aftern oon .

5 last su mme r. .............. .................. . .

6 this ti me last year.

3 Mary and Brian I wash

7 at noon last Sunday.
their car
8 at 6 o'clock yesterday afte rnoon.

9 at midni ght yesterday.

.................................................................. 4 Vicky I tal k on the
10 in Ju ly two yea rs ag o.
pho ne

MODULE)

59
 Look at a picture of the Browns' house last Sunday evening. What was each person
4 dolng1 look at the picture and use the phrases below to correct the sentenc:es .

• sleep on the sofa • p lay computer games • read a book • iron the clothes
• watch TV • talk on the phone

1 Mr Brown was writi ng an email. 4 Amy was sendi ng a text message.

MI Br " )0 't Wf g or em
, dm at :)
2 Mrs Brown was washing the clothes. 5 Grandma was surfing the Net.

3 Sam and Peter were doing their homework. 6 Grandad was listening to music.

Fo rm questions and then answer them Join the sentences using al, while or
5 us ing the past continuous. 6 when, as in the example.

1 you/study/ London/ last year? - No/Paris 1 Neil was listeni ng to the radio. The doorbell
A: Were you Hudying in London last year? rang.
B: No, I wasn't . I wO! tudying in Paris. Nt ~ :) [Link] to the radio wht I the
2 your mum/ cook/dinnerlsix o'clock/yesterday
,J( ort rang
or A Wfl lE Whe N€ WQI I,steni 19 to 'he radio,
I
evening? - Yes
the 100rbell (' '1g.
k ......................... ..
2 Tom was chopping carrots. He cut his finger.
B: ............................................................ .

3 you/have/d inner/seven o'clock/ last night? -

No/study 3 I was cycling to school. It started to rain.
A: .................................................... ...... .
B: ............................................ ... ........ .... .

4 it/rain/all day/last Sunday? - Yes 4 She was watching a film. She fell asleep.
A .. ... .................................. ..................... .
B .. ... .................................. .... ................. .
MODULE)

60
 Fill in with the POlt cont;nuoul. Complete with the palt l;mple or the
past continuoul.

"!en I came home from Bchool yeBterday my A: What 1) Wt \l'l,.!l do (you/ do) when the
"'1ole f.:lmily waB there. Mum 1) fi reworks display 2) ....................... (begin)?
'cook) lunch as she 2) ......................................... (talk) I 3) ..................................... (look) for you
-' the phone. Dad waB in the garde'1 and he
everywhere!
3) ........................................... (water) the plants while
B: I 4) ................................... (buy) some hot
""' dog Max 4) ................................................. (splash)
dogs from a street vendor. When I 5) .......... .
B pawB in the water. My brotherB. fet e and
... ........................ (come back) to find you,
~II. 5) ................................................... (surf) the Net
'l'",d my BiBt er, Brenda. 6) ............ " ............................. .
you were gone.
'hale) a Bhower. Everyone 'NaB very bus} A: Tha t's because I 6) ................................. .... .
(try) to find you.
s-- B: I'm sorry! I 7) .................................... (get)
Yesterday afternoon, Judy and Meg went for a you a hot dog, too. Here you go!
walk along the beach. There were other people A: Tha t's OK! Thanks for the hot dog.
there, too. Some children 1) ............................. . B: 8) ........................................ (you/ see) the
(swim) in the sea while a group of teenagers fireworks display in the end?
21 ............................... (dive) off some cliffs. An A: Yes, I did. When it 9) ................................ .
elderly couple 3) ............................. (sit) on the (start), I just 10) ................................. ..
sand. They 4) ............................ (eat) ice cream (stand) and 11 ) .............................. (sta re)
while their grandson 5) ................................. .. up at the sky.
(build) sandcastles. In the distance, a family B: That's great! I 12) ...... .. ...................... ..
6) ..................................... (try) to J1y a kite. It
(eat) my hot dog during the fireworks, so I
was a lovely June afternoon! 13) .......................... (not/ see) much at all!
) A: Ha! You're so si lly!
Complete with the post simple or the
POlt continuous. Then underline. Speaking
1 Dad was sleepin9 (sleep) when / while I wa_ In pain, ask and answer questions

doing (do) my homework. about what you were doing yesterday

2 My brother and I ............................ (play) at:
in the park as/ when it • 7:45 am • 10:30 am . 12:00 pm
(start) to rain .
• 3:30 pm • 6:00 pm • 9:30 pm
3 While/ When Mum ................................. ..
(wash ) the dishes, she ............................. . A: What we YOI u( 9 at
B: I WQ(
(break) a glass.
4 As/ Wh en Kathy ....................................... .
(go) to school, she ................................... . Writing
(bump into) her old friend Sam. Write what your family was doing
5 We .......................................... (sit) a test, 1 yesterday at:
as / when our teacher ............................... .
(correct) our homework. • 8:00 am • 5:00 pm • 9:00 pm

\t ) For Further Practice see p. 147) "'OOUU 1

61
Past Simple vs Past Continuous
We use the past simple for: We use th e past continuous fo r:
• an action which was completed at a stated • an action which was in progress at a
time in the past. stated time in the past. We do not know
- y bought when the action started or
SI.J 'nir ~ rei finished.
01 rr, y were having
(When? Yesterday 5 , :1 '
afte rnoon.) Olrt roan.
(We do not know when
they started or
when they finished.)

• actions which happened immediately one • two or more actions which were happening
after the other in the past. at the same time in the past.
(simultaneous actions)

Sh wos talking wh!

her leacher was
writing on
thl' board.

• a past action which was in progress when

another action interrupted it.

wriling
,
• a past action which was in progress when
another action interrupted it.

writing
0'

• a past action which was in progress when

another action interrupted it.

writing on
the boara.
 Put the verbs in the b r ackets into the Complete the dialogues with the past
post simple or the post continuous. s;mple or the past continuous.

1 Cathy was .Sf 'nJ 9 (listen) to music when A A: Wha t 1) no 'p, d (hap pen) to Philip?
the d oorbell [(..ng (ring). B: He 2) .......................... . (ski) when he
2 We ................................ (eat) lunch when 3) ........................... (fa ll) and
my brothe r .. ...................... (come) home. 4) ........................... (break) his leg.
3 Greg ...................................... (go) home, A: 5) .... .................................. (you/ ta ke)
....................................... . (have) a shower him to hospita l?
and th en ......... .... .............. ..... (watch) TV. 8: Yes! Straig ht away!
4 Mary ... .. ................................ (s in g) wh il e
Peter .............................. (pl ay) th e piano . B A: When 1) ............................................ ..
5 Pau l .................................... (rea d) a book (you/ meet ) Luke ?
when his frie nd .. .............. ........ (ca ll ) hi m. B: Last yea r, whil e we 2) ..... ............. .
6 Ma rk .......................... (fee l) disappoi nted .................. (ta ke) music lessons .
when he ...................... (hear) his foo tba ll
tea m lost th e match. C A: I 1) ........................... (ca ll) you last
night, but you 2) .................................. .
Make sentences, as in the e xa mple. Use (no t / answe r). Wha t were you do ing?
the post simple and the past B: I 3) ......................................... (have) a
continuous. bath.

1 Aaro n/write/a n ema il - comp uter/crash

Aoron was writing all email when hI!> computer
o A: 1) ....................................................... .
crashed. (yo u/ work) at 8 o'clock last night?
B: No. We 2) ................................ (have)
2 Mum/cook - burn herself
di nner at a French resta uran t.
A: Really? 3) ............................................ .
(the food / taste) good?
3 we/wa tch/the news - li g hts/go o ut
B: Yes ! It 4) ............................... .. ..... (be)
delicious!
4 Jerry/ run - spra in/ his ankle
Underline the co rrect item .
4
1 Sop hie was wrapping / wrappe d a birthday
5 they/ have/a picnic - it/start/ rain
present when the doorbell wa s ringing/ rang.
2 last year, we trave ll ed/ was travelling to
Italy to see some friends.
6 Alex/d rive - get/a flat tyre
3 The plane la nded / wa s la nding at the
ai rport at 6 o'clock yeste rday afternoon .
4 steve wa s trying / tried traditiona l Greek
7 Josh/sleep - hi s ph one/ ring
food on holiday in Greece last year.
5 Justi n carri ed / was carryi ng so me boxes
when he tripped/ was trip ping over a ca ble .

.oou".
63
 Clrc:le the mistake (A or B) then correct Fill In: did/didn't, was/wasn't, were/weren't.
It.
1 A: What di Ann and Mary do at the
1 Gregory was sleeping when the alarm weekend? ........... they go swim ming?
A B: No, they ............ Ann ........... feeling
was starting ringing. very wel l.
o
2 A: ........... your parents working all day
2 Bill and Sarah played in the garden when yesterday?
A
Sarah's mum called them in to have dinner.
B: No, they ........... .
o 3 A: What ........... you doing at 10 o'clock
yeste rday evening?
B: I ........... watching a film on TV.
3 (Iaire was at her friend's house when the 4 A: ........... you remember to pay the rent?
A
B: No, I ........... I was so busy I .......... .
earthquake was striking ............................ .
o have time to go to the bank.
S A: ........... you visit Helen yesterday?
4 Wanda was watching a street pa rade when a
A B: No, I ............ She ........... out of town.
man was grabbing her bag and ran off. Maybe next week.
o
Put the verbs in brackets Into the past

5 While we were getting ready for the party,

A
we were hearing a knock at the door. DcaI' Gar)"
o You won', belie\(:: what I) (happen) to
me yesterday Illorning whi le I 2) ............. .
................................. (shop) at the supermarket.
I 3) ................................ (buy) so me cheese 1\ hCIl
lWO lall mcn suddenly 4) ............................ .
Complete the sentences with your own
6 ideas.
(appear) at the door. They 5) ............................. ...
(threaten) (0 hurt the cashier if she didn't give
1 We were watching a fireworks display when them the 1ll01le~ they 6) ............... .......... .
o (want). Everyone 7) ..................................... (start)
screamingl An old lad) who 8) ........................... .
2 My sister was listening to music when ...... .
.............. (sta nd) in the queue 9) ........................... .
(fain. ). I 10) ......................................... (nol/know)
3 I was talking on the phone while .............. . 1\ ha t to do. f\ rCI\ minutes later. the cash ier
11 ) ..................................... (give) t hl..'llIlhe llIone~
4 As my dad was watching the news, .......... . and th ey 12 ) .............................. .. .. .... ... (run
away). Luckily. nohody 13) .............. .
5 I was sleeping when ................................. . (get) hun t What a day! I don't think I'll go
shopping ror a while. Well. what about you?
Write soon
6 Wh ile Mum was cooking dinner, ............... .
TelT}"

MODUli J

64
 a) Put the verbs in brackets into the Speaking
POlt limple or the pOlt continuOU1.
10 look at the pictures. In pairs, prepare
a short story using the prompts. Use
the past limple or the POlt continuous.
~ My uncle Bob 1) d, d (decide) 10 go on holiday
ID Rome lasl month and he 2) ................................. (ask) Tell the class.
me to look after his dog, Aex, while he was away. One day,
while I 3) ............................... ..... ....... (walk) Rex, the
strangest thing 4) ........................................... (happen).
~ It was a beautiful summer morning. The sun
5) .. .. ...................... .... ........... (shine) and the birds
6) .......... .................................... (sing). The Park
7) ...... ........................................ (be) almost empty as it
was snll very early. Rex and I 8) .......... ................. (walk)
beside the pond when, suddenly, I 9) .......................... .
(slip) and 10) .......................................... (tall) into the
water. I can 't swim, so I got really scared. Aex
11 ) ................................................ (bark) loudly while I
12) ............................................... (shout) tor help.
~ I don 't remember much after that. When I
13) ......................................... (open) my eyes, I • Saturday night/Sally and Rachellbe at
14) ........................................ (lie) on the ground next to fancy dress party
the pond and a man 15) ........ ............................... (stand)
• they/dance to the music/ have a great
over me. I said, ~Thank you for saving me, sir!" But, he
time
replied, "116) ........................................... (noVsave) you. I
• while/dance/ Rachel/ meet woman/ be
17) ....................................... (arrive) just as your dog
dressed as a ghost
18) ...................................... (pull) you out of the water."
So, I 19) .......... ................................. (turn ) to Rex and • Rachelltalk to woman/all night
20) .......................................... (give) him a big hug. • end of partyf Rachel tell Sally/about
interesting woman
• Sally/say to Rachel/ not see/ woman/
dressed as ghost
b) Ask and answer questions, using
• Rachel/ be surprised/shocked
the prompts, as In the example.
• At that time/ both/ realise that/woman/ be/
1 Where/Uncle Bob/go/last month? real ghost
A WI,~rt j B~ IS! 11 , A: Last Saturday n;9"', Sally and Ruchel we.e
8: Hl rI ,:J} r I'n ... a fan.:y dre~s party.
2 What/be/ the weather/like? B: They Y'frt dancing fa the mUSIC ele
3 What/ the writer/do/ when/he/ slip?
4 What/Rex/do/while/the writer/shout? Writing
5 How/the writer/get out of /the water? Use your answers from the Speaking
6 What/the writer/give/Rex/at the end? 11 activity to write the story. Give the
story a different ending .

@)or Fu~~~~ Practice see pp. 147-149) MOOUl~ J

65
 Exploring Grammar (Units 7-8)
c) Read the text again . Match the
• Past Simple &: Past
phrases In bold (1-4) with their uses
b elow (A-D). Which other uses of the
a) Read the text below. Underline the past simple and past continuous do
verbs In the past simple and clrc:le the you know?
verbs In the past continuous. Which palt
an action which was completed at a
simple verbs are regular? Which are
stated time in the past
Irregular?
actions wh ich happened immediately
one after the other in the past
1) In 1977, Mlch lhlko Vane was working on board an action which was in progress at a
a Japanese fishing boat called the Zuiyo-maru.
stated time in the past
The boat was fishing in waters close to New Zealand
a past action which was in progress
when a large creature got caught in the nets. As the
fishermen were dragging the nets back into the when anothe r action interrupted it
boat, they saw an animal that they thought was a
whale. Fill In the gaps with when, while/as.
However, when they finally pulled the creature out of
1 I was fishing by the lake ......................... ..
the waler, everyone was really astonished . The
dead sea creature looked more like a dinosaur than it started to ra in.
any kind of whale. Eventually, the captain decided 2 My brother was reading a book ................ .
to throw the body back into the ocean because of I was watchi ng television.
its terrible smell. 2) While his crew was lifting the 3 I was driving to work ............................... .
creature out of the boat, it slipped out of the I had a flat tyre.
ropes and onto the deck. Just then. Michihiko
4 He was sailing his boat ............................ .
Yano saw his chance. 3) He grabbed his camera,
he saw a dolphin in the sea.
took some photos of the creature and
then , he took some samples of the S They were eating ice cream .................... ..
creature's skin . they were wa lkin g along the beach.
4) When Vano returned to Japan on 10th June
1977, the television started running stories of
their 'dinosaur discovery' . In the end , however,
3 Put the verbs In brackets into the past
simple or the past continuous.
tests of Michihiko's samples showed that the
creature was nothing more than the rotting 1 Who ................................... (you/ talk) to
body of a basking shark. when I ........ " .............. " ....... (see) you on
the bus this afternoon?
2 Mum ........... "" .... (iron) the clothes wh ile
my dad ....................... (wash ) the dishes.
3 The ch ildren ........... .................... (watch)
TV when the power ................... (go) out.
4 The sun .......................... (s hine) through
my window when I ................................. ..
(wake up) this morning.
b) How do we 5 She .............................. (pull) the camera
form the negative and interrogative of out of her bag, then she ......................... ..
the POlt l /mple and the POlt continuoUl? (take) photos of the animals.

MODUli 1

66
 Revision (Units 1-8)
Circle the corred Item .

1 What ...... you r friend doing yesterday 13 loan had an accident and is ...... hospital
afternoon? now.
A were B is C was A at B on C in
2 ...... bag do you like? The green or the black 14 This is ...... house. We bought it a year ago.
one? A our B ou rs C us
A What B Which C How
15 "What are ...... in the sky?"
3 Bill was wa lking to wo rk when he ....... " They're helicopters."
A fell B falls A these B this C those
C was fa lling
16 Are there ...... armc hairs in the li vi ng room?
4 Look at that man! He is skiing ...... the slope A some B any C no any
very fast!
17 Did you take many ...... on you r holiday?
A th rough B past C down
A photoes B photos C photo
5 I didn't ...... watch ca rtoons when I was your
18 John is from Sweden ....... my best friend.
age.
A He's B His C He
A used to 8 use to C used
19 ...... you r grandparents got a house in the
6 What time did she ...... to work yesterday?
country?
A went B go C goes
A Has B Did C Have
7 I am tired of ...... early every day.
20 Let 's meet ...... 5 o'clock outs ide t he
A getting up B get up C to get up
shopping centre.
8 Does she ...... some apple pie and ice cream? A at B on C in
A want B wants C wanted
21 " ...... is the girl on the left?"
9 My fri ends and I ...... travell ing to Berlin next "That's Shelley."
month. A Whose B Which C Who
A are B am C we are
22 Why is she ...... ?
10 Sa m and Paul ...... late for work. A laugh B laughing C laughs
A always are 8 is always
23 Your brother isn't old enough ..... out on his
C are always
own.
11 "Do Ann and Steve live in New York ?" A going B to go C go
"No, ....... "
24 Marsha got up and ...... a shower.
A he doesn't B they do
A had B was having C has
C they don't
25 While my sisters I was listening to
12 " ...... are these jeans?"
music.
"€ 100."
A was playing B played
A How many B How much
C were playing
C How ta ll
( Poinu:

67
 Can/ Can't - Could / Couldn't
We use ca n/ can' t to:
• express abi lity in the present. ~p (on ever\- (She is able to.)
can 't ,:, a~ f r (I am not able to.)
• ask for permission. Can fUI f.' (Is it OK jf I borrow ... ?)
• give permission. II can u m, fJe le. (You are allowed to.)
• refuse permission. YI can 't worct fI (You aren't allowed to.)
• express possibility. He can ami' with ~ Idnijhl h inHr work t' rfy.
(It's possible.) Mat t can play baseball,
bur he can 't play tennis.
We use could/couldn't to express general ability in the past.
I could plo) fe"n;} when I ~ 05 four. (I was able to; I had the ability.)
Undo couldn't fide 0 bll whl she was (She wasn't able to;
I must study harder
she didn't have the ability.)
far m)' exams.

Must/M ustn 't

We use mu st/mustn'l to:
• express obligation or duty.
must Tl .rk (It's my duty.)
• express very strong advice.
(j must (I strong ly advise you to ... )
~ J mustn 't brat 0 (I (I strongly advise you
not to ... )
• express prohibition.
Y( mustn 't at '1J Ink here. (It's against the rules.)

Have to / Don't have to - Needn't

• We use ha ve to to express obligation and necessity.
hal to 1rn a ChODI (It's necessary.)
to th DC< Ident ,Q he has to
(He is obliged to.)
• We use don't/doesn' t have to, needn 't to express lack of obligation
and necessity.
d( sn 't have to go .!'}Qa}.. Sun (She isn't obliged to.) Fir , nhters have to
don ' have to/ needn 't bu a tJag. Tok (It isn't necessary.) m arm at Wr 1rk
Note : Both must and have to express necessity, but we use them differently.
• We use must when the speaker decides that something is necessary.
I must e m re uit d qetabl '5. (I believe it is necessary for me to eat more fruit and
vegetables. This is my opinion.)
• We use have to when somebody else other than the speaker makes the decision.
He has to Near a wit at work (Somebody else has decided that.)

M ODU LE ~

68
 I I . "

Should/ Shouldn' t - Ought to/ Oughtn't to

We use should/ought to to give advice.
should ough t to :15 t' (I advise you to ... )
shouldn 't/ oughtn t I (I advise you not to ... )

""'::""...JlpI dicine every 6 h lur<

May/ Might/ Could
We use may/ might/could to:
• ask for permission.
May/ Might ,Could be ro\o\. y .. mobile ~ 1Of} (Do you mind if ...71
Would you mind if ... ?)
• express possibility.
" Wh' BI maYI might could
I yt;..ur "Wit as 7

(Perhaps she's at the gym. We're not sure.)

Note the difference in the following questions.

May I ,pi (Iarmal)
Can I (. (informal)
Could I 10 or (more polite than 'can')
I t
may fit you.
We also use may to give permission. You may make ~ pht;.. le call :1' &..
Fill In the gaps with con, can't, could or Use must or musto 't to c:omplete the
couldn'i. 2 sentenc:es about the life of a doc:tor.

1 I' m so rry, but I'm still writing an email. You r;- study f;;-any years (I)
can't use the computer until I'm finished.
• be late for work (X)
2 Craig is only three years old. He .................. . • work long hours (I)
read or write yet. • wash his/her hands regularly (I)
3 Jenny ................... ride a bike last yea r, but • be rude to patients (X)
now she can. st well each night (I)
4 ................... you speak Spanish when you • re k hen he/she is ill (X)
• war w . t (I)
were ten? • care ab0 ut his/her patlen s
5 They ................... go to the beach yesterday
as their car broke down. 1
-- eal
6 The boys are only fourteen, so they 2 4 ,or nu tn t e I te t w k
................... drive yet. 3
7 Mr lanes is in a meeting now.................... I 4
take a message? 5
8 I ............. ...... run quite fast when I was 6
young, but now I'm quite slow. 7
8
.....u.
69
JD,--'-''- ', Make sentences using must or have to,
Fill in the gaps with the correct form
of have to or don 't have to/ needn 't. as In the example.

1 You don't have to / needn 't go to the 1 I believe it is good for me to eat more fruiL
supermarket. I went yesterday. I rnr ot IT
2 Mark can't come to the concert. He ......... . 2 My parents want me to study more.
............................ work tonight. I
3 We .................. leave now! We're going to 3 Our teacher bel ieves it is necessary for us to
be late! tidy our classroom every day.
4 You ....................................... study hard if We ........................................................... .
you want to pass the test. 4 Penny believes it is necessary to work
5 The boys ....................................... help in ove rtime.
the garden if they don 't want to. Penny ................. ...................... ....... ........ o.
5 In my opinion it is necessary for you to learn
a} Mlchael has to help with the a foreign language.
household chores every Sunday. Write fuu .......................................................... .
what Michael ha.s to do or [Link] 't have 6 I think it is necessary for me to exercise
to do. more.
I .......................................... ....... .............. .
I . take out the rubbish ./
• tidy his room ./
• iron his clothes 1- Look at the library rules. Write
• wash the car ./ sentences using can, must or mustn 't.
• do the shopping j.
\.
l
cook dinner 1-
---

th~e~%t~~
. • speak quietly ./
\ • talk on mobile phones 10

I
sen d text messages ./
1 Michaelllas to take oul
• return all books before
2
you leave ./
3
• use an MP3 player ./
4
• listen to loud music 10
5 • ask the librarian fo r help ./
6
• eat or drink 10

b) Think of other household chores. 1 YOll must speak ,/{J/etly.

Write sentences about what you have 2
to/ don 't have to do at home. Compare 3
with your partner. 4
5
6
7
8

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70
 ,,

Read the poster. Then c:hoose the Underline the c:orrec:t Item.
c:orred advlc:e .
)
A: Good morning, sir. 1) May/ Must I help you7
• •• 8: Well, you 2) might/ can't be able to. I need
an MP3 player to use when I' m jogging.
don't like these.
i A: I 3) may/ can have some more out the back..
4) Mus t/Could you wait while I check?
8: Of course! The MP3 player S) might/ must
• .~ be quite small. 6) Might/ Could you also
Drink plenty of waterl look for one in blue, please?
A: No problem! Ah, I found one! It's exactly
what you asked for.
Don't run at the poolside!
B: 7) Must / May I ask how much it costs?
A: Let me see ... it's E30.
Wear a swimming cap. • B: That's perfect! 8) Have to/ Can I pay by ca rd?
A: Yes, of course you 9) might/ can.
Stay in the swimmin
Underline the c:orrect item.
• NO DIVINGI 1 A: Can/ Must I watch lV, Mum?
B: Of course. But first you must/ have to
help me with the chores.
1 You must/ mu stn't shower before you swim.
2 You should /shouldn 't drink plenty of water. 2 A: When's Mary's birthday party?
3 You should / mustn 't run at the pool side. B: Next Saturday, but you don't have to
4 You must/ shouldn 't always wear a swimming mustn 't come if you're busy.
cap.
3 A: Must/Co uld I borrow your pen?
S You mustn 't/s hou ld stay in the swimming B: Of course. Here you are.
lanes.
6 You mu st/ mustn 't dive at any time. 4 A: Where's Patricia?
B: I' m not sure. She has to/ might be at
Kelly's.
Complete the sentenc:es with modalJ.
Make the sentenc:es true for you . 5 A: I've got a terrible backache!
B: Really? Well, then you ought to/ needn 't
1 At school, r 11 react
stop lifting heavy things.
2 In an hour I ............................................. .
3 At home, I ...... ......................................... . 6 A: Jake couldn't/ may not drive a car when
4 My best friend ......................................... . he was twenty.
S When I was young, I ............................... . B: I know, but he's an excellent driver now!
6 Tonight, I ... ............................................ . .

_.
7 A: The living room is a mess.
7 Th is week, I ..................................... ........ .
B: You're right. We should/ oughtn 't to
8 In the library, r ........................................ .
tidy it today.

~1
I.
 •
Match the Items In column A to their 13 Replace the words In bold with one of
synonyms In column B. the modals In the list.

• might • can • can't • couldn't

I:I:El It', my duty ... • mustn't • don't have to
[1IJ Do you mind if ...
1 She is able to sing very well. --. She can
[lIJ It isn't necessary for her ...
2 I was so tired that I w asn't abl e t o wake up.
r:±D I advise you not to .. .
-~ I ................ ..
[IT] She wasn't able to .. . 3 It isn't necessary to iron my socks. • You
~ It', possible that they ...

4 It's again st the rules to eat in the library.

• You ................ ..
a You sh ouldn't/oughtn 't to .. . 5 He isn 't all ow ed to go to the party. --. He
b She couldn 't .. .
c They mi ght .. . 6 It's poss ible th at I'll go to the beach next
d May I ... week . --. I ................. .
e I must
f She needn't ... 14 Choose the correct answer.
Use the appropriate modal verb to
1 You offer to help your mum with the
complete the second sentence so that
housework, but she says it isn't necessary.
it has the same meaning as the first.
A You don't have to help me.
1 It wasn't necessary for Tina to come so early. B You mustn't help me.
Tina did " hm to come so early. C You may not help me.
2 Would you mind if I opened the window?
2 You are looking for you r schoo lbag. You
................................... I open the window?
think it's in the kitchen, but you're not su re.
3 I advice you to sleep eight hours every night.
A It mustn't be in the kitchen.
You ..................................... slee p eight
B It may be in the kitchen.
hours every night.
C It doesn't have to be in the kitchen.
4 I didn't have the ability to ride a bike when I
was seven. 3 Your teacher asked you to study for a
I .................................... ride a bike when I History test.
was seven. A I must study for a History test.
S Perhaps mum is at aunt Usa's. S I can study for a history test.
Mum ................... ............. be at aunt Usa's. C I have to study for a History test.
6 I strongly advice you not to eat in class.
4 You weren't able to play tennis when you
You .................................... eat in the class.
were young.
7 Is it OK if I use your phone?
A I didn't have to play tennis when I was
....................................... I use you r phone?
young.
8 She is able to speak English fluently.
B I might not play tennis when I was young.
She .......................... speak Engl ish fluently.
C I couldn't play tennis when I was young.

MODULE 4

72
5 Rewrite the sentences using the correct Speaking
form of the modab In the brackets. 16 Your school Is teaching students about
fire safety. Imagine you are a fire fighter.
1 You are allowed to go out with you r friends
Look at the phrases below and talk to
tonight. (can) the students about what they lhould/
You COil go out with your frit'nds tonight.
lhouldn 't do If there Is a fire.
2 You have my permission to go out. (may)
............................. , ................................... .
• follow the teacher's instructions .I
3 You are not allowed to use his laptop. (can)
• all leave the classroom at once X
........................................ , ........................ .
• run down the stairs X
4 I strongly advise you to apologise to your
• take your books and bags X
brother. (m ust)
.................................................................. • panic X
• stay calm .I
5 It's possible that John will be late for the
• go to a safe place outside .I
party. (mig ht)
..................................................................
If there I' a (irf n the :hool, you should
6 You needn't take the dog for a walk.
f('II')W your tl"ocher's instructIOns,
(have to)
..................................................................
7 It's against the rules to take photos in the Writing
museum. (mu st ) 17 Make a small poster for your classroom
.........................•........................................ saying what you lhould/s houldn " do in
8 Is it OK if I borrow your mobile phone, case of fire . Use the Informati on f rom
please? (may) the Speaking activ ity a nd your ow n
... ............................... ............. ....... ..... ....... Ideas .
9 I advise you to eat more fruit and
vegetab les. (s hould)
..................................................................
10 It isn't necessary to go to the party. (need ) In case of fire:
..................................................................
What to do
11 It's my duty to tidy my room. (mu st )
• You should folfow the teacher's instructions .
............••......••............ ................... .............
12 I'm not able to play badminton. (can)
• ................................................................................
• ................................................................................
...... ,.,.,., ... ,.,.,., ... ,.,., ......... ,., ................... , .. . ................................................................................
13 He is obliged to wear a helmet at work,
•
• ..... ............... , .. , .......... , ... ............. , ......... , ... , ...... , ... .
"

(have to)
..... , ......... ,., ........... , ....... ,., ....... ' ... ,., ..... ,.,., ..
What not to do
14 I wasn't able to swim very fast when I was
eight. (could)
• ...... , .............. , .............. , .... .

.......................................... , ....... ,.,., .......... .

•
• ................................... ............... .
15 I advise you to be polite to older people,
(ought to)
• .......................................... . ............. .

................................. , .............. , .. ,.,., ..... .... .

• ............................................. . ...................... .
 Relative Pronouns

An ufchl ct is a pers( '1 who, Steve IS feadlng a book which This is Chm wh ose
tha t designs new bUildings. that is about World War I fa ourite sport IS tennis.

Relative pronouns (who, which, whose, that) introduce relative clauses.

people who/that
objects/ animals wh ich/that
possession whose

Use Relative pronouns as subject or object

• We use w ho / that instead of subject • We do not omit who/which/that when it is
pronouns (/, you, he, she, we, you, they) to the subject of a relative clause, that is, when
refer to people. there is not a noun or subject pronoun
'11 • a girl. She is 'mm 0 /fIO . between the relative pronoun and the verb.

J
'"
girl who 'that I from Chma.
• We use which / that instead of the subject
I t go 0 new

e 9(
nd. He is Ir(

'"
lapan .

0 new Fm nd wh o/ thot IS frofT' Japan.

pronouns it, they to refer:
a) to objects. Note: We do not use any other pronoun
Kate was watching a film . It was very funny. like he/she or it afte r the rel ative

Kate
funr'
was watching
"
a film which was very
pronoun.
a new friend who Hta is from Japan

b) to animals. • We can omit who/ which/ that when it is the

L xJiles arf reptiles . Th~an run very fast object of a relative clause, that is, when
there is a noun or a subject pronoun
Crocodiles are reptlle~ wh ic h /that can run
between the relative pronoun and the verb.
very fast.
That 's the house. They bought it In November.
~
• We use whose instead of possessive That 's the house (which/ that) they bought In
adjectives (my, your, his, her, its, OUf, YOUf, NO'Vember.
their) to refer to people, objects or animals
in order to show possession. Note: We do not use any other pronoun
That Mr Clark. His fih 0 teo( 'r. like he/s he or it after the verb that
"-
That') Mr Clark whose wife is a teacher.
follows the relative pronoun.
. which they bought #, in November.

,",OOUt( 4

74
 , , ,

•
Relative Adverbs

Lo k! This I~ rh h use
200 w, thl y 'or wh en
wh ere your grandad and I
thpy qot their degree.
lived thllry yeors ago.

We use relative adverbs to: She had 0 fight with her

• refer to time. )0 J8 wo ~ ar wh en we went to Austral a. best '"e"ld, chat 'e why
• refer to place. C1t where I mee' my fflends every Sunday. she '5 sad.
• give reason . Cl h 'dache that wh y he IS m moody.

1 Underline the (orrect relative pronoun. Use who, which, whose, where, when or why
to Join the se ntences .
1 f This is the dress that/ who I bought last
week. 1 That is Mr Brown. He s a police ot:JCE!

2 This is the man's dog who /which saved my

life. 2 She is the girl Her mother IS Scar
3 This is the hotel when/ where we stayed last
yea r. 3 I was sixteen years ~d. I f I'1t Yf'-et:'lt to Paris..
4 I was very young when / why I vi sited
London with my family. 4 Th at's the bike. My uncle bought it for me
5 The pasta who/ which your mum made was
tasty. 5 That is the hos pital. My mum works there_
6 I'm sending an email to my sister whose/
who lives in New Zealand. 6 Ben is the boy. He plays the guitar 10 the
7 Jack missed the bus, that's why/ when he's school band.
lale.
8 This is the hospital which/ where I was born. 7 I wa s tired . I didn 't g o to the party.
9 Is this the film that/ who your parents saw
last night? 8 This is the cake. I got it for my birthday.
10 That's the girl who's/ whose dad is a
teacher. 9 The Wilsons bought a house in the country.
11 What colour was the cat which/whose They go there every summer.
scratched you?
12 That's the house when /where my cousins 10 It was last summer. We flew to Dubai.
used to live.
MODULE 4

75
 Choose the correct Item .
3, 5 Look at the pictures and phrases and
make sentences, as in the example.
This is the magazine ...... I read last week.
A who B whose C which • something/take pictures
2 Susan is the girl ...... mum is my English • place/go swimming in the summer
teacher. • something/surf the Net
A who B which C whose • something/send text messages
• place/do our shopping
3 This is the park ...... my friends and I often
• something/wash clothes 1
go in the afternoons. • someone/teach child ren ' " .....
A which B who C whe re
• someone/fly aerop lanes
4 The Smiths were on hO li day ...... their ho use
was burgled.
A when B where C that
5 Tina is the girl I go swimming with.
A whose B which C that

6 Tim is the boy ...... won the race.

A whose B who C which

7 That's the pool ...... 1 learnt to swim.

A when B which C where

8 The girl ...... is coming into the room is my

sister. 6
A whose B who C which 5

Filii" who's or whose.

4, 'UPIR
That's the man who's going to seJl me his
bike.
2 I am the person ................ brother ran
three marathons last year!
3 Do you know the woman
wearing the pink hat?
4 Tell me the name of the singer ............... .
songs are your favourite.
, A :amero;\
sllmething Whll IIlar we Uk to tokl? picture!
S Jack is the one ................ having a beach
2
party tomorrow.
3
6 I met a boy ................ from Iceland.
4
7 Do you remember my uncle George
5
................ daughter is a famous writer?
6
8 Can you show me the person .............. ..
7
Julian's father?
8

MODULf ~

76
 ,
Fill In the correct relative pronoun. Fill In the gaps with who, whose, which,
Then, write S (for subject) or 0 (for 8 where, when and why.
object). Finally, state If the relatives
can be omitted or not, as In the
A: Hi, Tom! Where are you going?
example.
8: I'm going round to Mr Brown's house.
1 The skirt which/that you bought yesterday is A: Is he the man 1) )l house is next to

fantastic. (0 Jmitred, you rs?

2 I met a boy .. ...... ....... .... . is from Japan. 8: No. He's the man 2) ................. lives by the
lake.
3 Do you know anyon e .................... can A: I see. So, why are you going the re?
speak Ital ian ? .......................... . 8: He's vis itin g his doctor, that's 3) ................ .
4 Is this the book .................... you borrowed he wants me to look after his dog for a while.
from the library? ......................... .. A: Is it a big dog?
5 I know someone .................... can speak 8: No. It's a cocker spaniel 4) ................. is
eight foreign languages .......................... .. on ly two months old! It was born on 30th
6 The wedding .................... I went to last September.
week was my co usin 's . .......................... . A: Really? Are you sure that's the date
7 Is that the son g .................... we listened to 5) ................. it was born?
last night? ......................... .. B: Yes, why?
8 I have a friend .................... is from Japan. A: We've got the same birthday, then! What a
coincidence! Can I come and see it?
9 The restau rant .................... 1 like the most 8: Of course! I can also show you the place
is the Mexican one .......................... .. 6) ................. I go fishing at the lake.
10 The man .................... teaches me tennis is
stan ding over there .......................... ..
11 Do you like the MP3 player ................... .
Speaking
Peter gave me as a birthday present?
look at the list of objects and
12 That's Mrs Preston .................... husband is
9 professions below. In pairs, ask and
my boss ........................... . answer questions about each Item, as
In the example .

Complete the sentences about yourself • mobile phone • doctor • goggles

7 by using the correct relative pronoun. • ironing board • knee pad • helmet
.• group leader
1 I like clothes whlct Ithat aft ,sual and
( orrablt>. 4: What Q mob phone}
2 I don't like films ...................................... . B: A mobIle phone s somethmg whlci}/ that
3 I like people ............................................ . you can phone ppople )/ send text
4 I hate places ............................................ . messages with. What.) 0 doctor'
5 I love books ............................................ . k A doctor is someone who " etL

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77
Relative Clauses
Relative pronouns (who, which, whose, that)
introduce relative clau ses. We use relative
clauses to identify the noun in the main clause.
qlrJ who is talking to my mum fT'

' ... who is talking to my mum ... 'is the relative clause
that identifies which girl we are talking about.

Defining - Non-defining relative clauses

There are two types of relative clauses:
defining relative clauses and non-defining
relative clauses.
a t' who won th roce Tt L

• A defining relative clau se gives necessary information and is essential to the meaning of the
main sentence. We do not put the clause in commas. Who, which and that can be omitted when
they are the object of the relative clause.
Peol who/ that drillK and drive an :at (j d lit (Which people can cause an accident? All
the people? No, only those who drink and drive. The relative clause is essential.)
• A non-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the
main sentence. The clause is put in commas. We cannot omit the relative pronoun. We cannot use
that instead of who or which.
who IS tram (anoda, (My friend jen loves Chinese food - the
meaning of the main clause is clear, so the relative clause - who is from Canada - gives extra
main sentence. We do not put the clause in commas. Who, which and that can be omitted when
they are the object of the relative clause.
P op e whollhat drink and drive ~or aus an nt (Which people can cause an accident? All
the people? No, only those who drink and drive. The relative clause is essential.)
• A non-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the
main sentence. The clause is put in commas. We cannot omit the relative pronoun. We cannot use
that instead of who or which.
who IS trom (anodo, /ov lh 1. (My friend Jen loves Chinese food - the
meaning of the main clause is clear, so the relative clause - who is from Canada - gives extra
main sentence. We do not put the clause in commas. Who, which and that can be omitted when
they are the object of the relative clause.
Pe I who that drink and drive "al (Which people can cause an accident? All
the people? No, only those who drink and drive. The relative clause is essential.)
• A non-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the
main sentence. The clause is put in commas. We cannot omit the relative pronoun. We cannot use
that instead of who or which .
1\.1) file, Id J who 15 from (anada, loves -hint 000. (My friend Jen loves Chinese food - the
meaning of the main clause is clea r, so the relative clause - who is from Canada - gives extra
main sentence. We do not put the clause in commas. Who, which and that can be omitted when
they are the object of the relative clause.
who -that drink olld drive (Which people can cause an acciden t? All
the people? No, only those who drink and drive. The relative clause is essential.)
• A non-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the
 Fill In the corred relative pronoun.
11 Then, 3 Join the sentences. Use relative
write 0 (for defining), HD (for pronouns and add commas where
non-defining) and state if the relative necessary.
pronoun can be omitted or not.
1 That's the shirt. My mum bought it for me.
1 The woman who lives next '0 no 0/ Itted}' 111 vl1 -f1/ H. r,y J(1

door is a fashion designer.

2 The museum, .............. the 2 This is my new Pc. I bought it yesterday.
Egyptian exhibits are, is
very big. 3 Mr Jones is an architect. He is 26 years old .
3 My fri end, .............. I study
with, isn't here today. 4 This is Miss White. She is my dance teacher.
4 The film Braveheart,
.............. stars Mel Gibson, 5 That's my parent's car. It broke down
is about a Scottish hero. yesterday.
S That's the girl ............. . .................................................................
babysits my nephew. 6 She works for a company. It makes
6 The lake, .............. is near chocolate.
here, is very beautiful.
7 My brother, .............. is 7 John is my brother. He lives in New York.
twenty five, is a lawyer.
8 The film .............. I saw last 8 Santorini is a beautiful island. We went there
weekend was very good. last August.
................................................................••
9 That's lames. His father is a lawyer.
2 Fill In the appropriate relative pronouns, 10 This is the number. I phoned it this
say whether the relative clauses are
essential or not to the meaning of the morning.
main sentence, then add commas
where necessary.

1 Mr (lark lives next '10/ essential

Writing
door is my English teacher. 4 Write true sentences about yourself
2 I know a girl ................ . and your family. Use relotive pronouns,
father works for NASA. as in the example.
3 That car ................. is very
My I 10 Sj lun won t
expensive is my uncle's.
be: .... me 0 [Link].
4 My brother ................ .
rim Hop Il the mU(IC whl ... n I like It, most
name is John is older than
My uncle, whosf' name is Patnck IS a pifot.
me.
ele
5 This is the book ................ .
Sue gave
birthday.
me for my

_.
9
 Exploring Grammar (Units 9 -10)

• • R
a) Read the text and match the highlighted verb a) Find two examples of
1 forms to their use:
3 r elative pronouns in the
text. Which one refers to
• permission • possibility • necessity • obligation
people and which one
• prohibition • advice
refers to objects or
Hi Jess, animals? Which relative
How are you? Since you love drawing so much, I decided to tell pronoun shows possession?
you about this very interesting drawing competition, the Young
Give an example.
Pavement Artists Competition. It's for kids who love to draw and
anyone from the age of 5 to the age of 19 can enter it. It is a local
b) When can we omit the
event whICh takes place In every school in the UK. I am defi nitely
taking part and I think you should, tool What's great about it is that relative pronoun? When
you mustn't draw your picture on a canvas, but you must use an can we not? Give examples.
outdoor area like a schoolyard
This year's theme IS Strength in Nature, so we could draw anything c) Use who. which. whose.
from wild animals to st range plants and impreSSive landscapes. Our when or where to complete
drawings may be any size we want and we have to use chalk or paint the sentences below.
to make them, The prizes are great tool The winners get a free one-day
visit to the Wild Animal Park in Kert or a brand new laptop. 1 The man ........................ lives
I have already talked to our headmaster about It and he said he'd next door is my uncle.
sign up our school for the competition, He also said we may use the 2 2009 was the year ................ .
school playg rou nd. Isn't that just great? We can discuss the details they travelled to India.
when we meet at school tomorrow I'd love to hear what you think 3 Is that the woman
about It.
car was stolen yesterday?
Take care
4 That's the boy ....................... .
Angela
father is our English teacher.
5 Ken, .................... speaks fou r
b) Which modals do we use: to expreu ability in the
languages, works as a translator.
present and past? to give very strong advice? to refuse
6 The mobile phone ................ .
permission? Give examples.
I bought broke down a week
later.
Underline the correct Item.
2 7 1 met a girl ......... ..... .. ........... .
1 leslie doesn't have to/ mustn 't go to school tomorrow. is good friends with your
2 You shou ldn 't/ca n't park your car here. It's not allowed. brother.
3 May/ Must I go out, please? S Is this the house ................... .
4 lake and Peter have to/can tidy their room every day. the Oawsons bought last year?
5 Don't leave your bicycle here. Someone might/ mu st 9 That's the restaurant ............. ,
steal it. we have dinner every Saturday.
6 Paul needn 't /o ught t o study hard for his exam. 10 The film ..................... we saw
7 You can/ sho uld be more careful when you drive. last night was brilliant.
8 Can/ Must I borrow your computer? 11 last week was ............ .......... .
9 Ann co uld /can speak French when she was six. I took my driving test.
10 You mustn't/can't play computer games now. It's late. 12 Do you know the old lad}
/IoIOOOU, ........... ....... name is Clarissa?
80
 Revision (Units 1-10)
Circle the correct Item.

1 The girl ...... lives next door is my friend. 14 You mustn't ...... late for school again.
A who's B who C whose A being B to be C be

2 I'm going to the supermarket ...... some 15 This book is not ....... It's Sue's.
orange juice. A mine B me C her
A buy B buying C to buy
16 Do you know how ...... this laptop?
3 You ...... to brush your teeth after every A used to 8 to use C to used
meal.
17 You ...... call him now. You can do it later.
A must B should C ought
A not have to 8 haven't to
4 Alison, ...... is from Paris, loves dancing. C don't have to
A that B who C whose
18 Mayl ...... yourpen?
5 Amy was an email at 10 o'clock last A borrowing 8 to borrow C borrow
night.
19 Dean and Usa ...... to Hungary next week.
A wrote B writing C writes
A are flying B flew C fly
6 "What ...... she do?"
20 The monkey is climbing ...... the tree.
"She's a musician."
A off B up C towards
A does B is C was
21 When Dad ...... home, I was surfing the Net.
7 My mum never ...... me go to bed late.
A was coming B comes
A is letting B let C lets
C came
8 Where is the CD ...... Mary gave me?
22 We're going to school ...... my dad's car.
A that B which C who
A by B on C in
9 I ...... all day yesterday.
23 2009 was the year ...... my brother was
A am worki ng B work
born.
C was working
A who B why C when
10 He has a toothache that's ...... he can't eat
24 ...... is a scarf on the sofa. Is it you rs?
sweets.
A It B That C There
A when B why C who
25 The man ...... daughter is a friend of mine is
11 The ...... is missing.
a teacher.
A box 's top 8 box top's
A who 8 whose C which
C top of the box

12 Our parents love ...... very much.

A we B ours C us

13 There are fifteen ...... in the classroom.

A chi ld B childrens C children

M ODULE •

81
 Adjectives
• Adjectives describe nouns. They have the
same form in the singular and plu ral.
big fJ( big
• Adjectives go before nouns.
I1 a cute ,
• They can also be used alone after the verb to o( V u flke my big,
be or other verbs such as look, smell, sound, new bike' It'S black
'1 grey! These are my
feel, taste, ele.
favourite -o/our I
Claire is beautiful. Thi5 tastes delicious !

• There are two kinds of adjectives: opinion adjectives (handsome, bad, ete), which show what
a person th in ks of somebody o r something and fact adjectives (old, big, brown, ete), which
give us factual information about the age, size, colour, ete of the noun.

Order of adjectives
• Opinion adjectives go before fact adjectives.
a nice young al
opinion fact

• When there are two or more fact adjectives in a sentence, they usually go in the following order:

Size Age Shape Colour Origin Material Noun

u big new round brown Italian wooden de
• We do not usually have a long list of adjectives before a single noun. A noun is usually
described by one, two or three adjectives at the most.
They went te. an expensive, Japanese nstaufllnt yeste do

Put the adJec:tlves In the correc:t order.

4 a chocolate/ big / fresh

1 a grey/ big / nice cat
cake
b

5 a(n) white/ cotton/

2 a(n) wooden/ old/ love ly
Italian shirt
chair

3 a plastic/ small / cheap 6 a red / nice/long carpet

toy

MODU U S

82
Comparative &: Superlative form of adjectives

;~.
.... ,'

Rachel (26 years old) Erica (16 years old) )

Rachr!ll} young. Sienna is younger than Rachel. Erica is the youngest of all.
Adjectives have three forms: the positive, the comparative and the superlative.

short shorte r the shortest good better the best

late later the latest bad worse the worst
farther/ the farthest /
heavy heavier the heaviest far
further furthest
lucky luckier the luckiest
little less the least
expensive more the most much /
expensive expensive many! more the most
a lot of

Form
• The positive form of an adjective is its base
BUT
form.
We use most with three-syllable adjectives
tall, Ir fJi9, Ir all r(
(interesting, beautiful, exciting, etc) or with
• We form the comparative of one-syllable longer ones.
(long, tall, etc) and two-syllable adjectives I the m05t
(nice, clean, etc) by adding the suffix -er.
1 'Jer r e ~er • Some two-syllable adjectives like narrow.
polite, quiet, simple, cruel, gentle, etc form
BUT
their comparative/ superlative forms either
We use more with three-syllable adjectives
by adding the suffixes -er!-est or with
(interesting, beautiful, exciting, etc) or with
more! most.
longer ones. r. more b outitul
cl 'r rer rhl city [es t

• We form the superlative of one-syllable

or (le more cfever the mos t cfe yer
(long, laff, ete) and two-syllable adjectives
(nice, clean, etc) by adding the suffix -est.
long longf the hf17est
fi -e nle r the nil-est
Io'IOOULl S

83
 Spel ling Use

• One-syllable adjectives ending in -e take ·r • We use the compa rative to compare two
in the comparative and -st in the superlative people, animals, things, places, ete. We can
form. use t han with the comparative.
simpf" simpler - the simpl'st Ben older than k lam.
• Two-syll abl e adjectives ending in -y turn the • We use the superlative to compare one
-y into -i and then take -er/-est . person, animal. thing, etc with more than
easy eo\ ;er the eas iest one person, animal, thing etc in the same
• Adjectives ending in a stressed vowel group. We also use the ... of/ in with the
between two consonants double the final supe rlative.
consonant and then take -er/-est . lack is the oldest of all.
hot - hotter the ho ttest We use in with the superlative only to talk
BUT cold co/der - the coldest about places.
The Paeifil :eal is the largest () :ean in the
w >rId. (NOT: et the world)

Write the comparative and luperlotlve Fill in t h e comparative fo rm of the

form of the adJectives. adjecti ves add ing than, as in the example.

Comparative Superlative 1 My brother is fi ve years Idl rh a' (old) I am.

2 Italy is .......................................... (wa rm)
small smaller the smalffst
~ Iceland.
fat
3 Lake Superior is ................................ (bi g)
little
Lake Michigan.
polite
4 I think that Maths is ................................. .
late ..................................... (difficult) English.
far 5 A taxi is .................................................... .
new (expensive) the bus.
l-
dangerous 6 Fruit is ...................................... for you
T
bad .......... , ................... (good) chocolate.
modern 7 My best friend is ................ , ..... , ............... ,
famous
+ 1 (clever) I am.
noisy 8 My new jea ns are ........... ,.,., ... ,., .............. ..
crowded (nice) myoid ones.
quiet
j 9 Mark is 4 centimetres .............................. ..
expensive 1< (ta ll) he was a year ago.
good 10 Trains are ..................................................
< (fast) cars but ......................................... ..
many , (slow) planes.
relaxing

MODULE 5

84
 Fill In the superlative form of the Fill In the gaps with the comparative or
adjectives adding any necessary words,
6 superlative form of the adjectives in
as In the example. brackets, adding any necessary words,
as In the example.
1 Mr (lark has got the fmt st (fast) car in our
street. 1 Sarah thinks tennis is te most bunng
2 The Pacific is .................................. (larg e) (boring) sport of all.
ocean in the world. 2 The blue jacket is ..................................... .
3 Mt Everest is ............................................ . (c heap) the green one.
(high) mountain in the world. 3 Ca rol ine is a .................................. (good)
4 This is ....................................................... swimmer than Chris.
(expensive) pai r of shoes I own. 4 Michael is .... ........ ..................................... .
5 Kate is ........... ............... ..... ..... . (o ld) of all (intelligent) boy in the whole school.
the sisters. 5 I believe that documentaries are .............. ..
6 I think Brad PiU is .................................... .. . ............................................ (interesting)
(famou s) actor in Hollywood. other TV programmes.
7 My mum is ................................... (good) 6 lionel Messi is .......................................... .
mum in the whole world. (ta lented) football player in the world.
8 The English test was ................................. . 7 Neptune is ... ............................................ .
(easy) of all. (co ld) planet in our solar system.
9 That must be ..... .............................. (bad) 8 This novel is ............................................. .
film ever made. (i nteresti ng) the one I read a month ago.
10 ............................................... (hot) place 9 Today is .................................................. ..
on Earth is the Lut Desert in Iran . (happy) day of my life!
lO A cheetah runs ........................................ ..
Fill In of, than, in or the.
5 (fast) a lion.
1 It's hotter in India Own it is in England.
Write sentences about your family
2 The Buri Dubai is ................ ta llest building
in the world .
7 using comparatlves and superlatives, as
3 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain In the example.
................ Scotland. • old • tall • young • strong • short
4 A plane can travel much faster ................ a
car. 1 My brother Paul is older than me. but our sister
S Earth is sma ller ................ Jupiter. less is /Ile oldest.

6 Whal is the longest river ................ the 2

world?
7 I think Pel€! was the greatest footballer 3
................ all time.
8 A hurricane is more powerful ................ a 4
thunde rstorm .
9 Vatican City is the smallest country ............. . 5
the worl d.
10 lions are the most dangerous cats ............ .
all.

85
 Put the adjectives into the comparative l o use the adjectives In
or superlotlve form . Add any necessary the comparative or
words . superlotIve form to
complete the email
1 A: Are you crying?
below.
B: Yes, I think this is the saddest ( sad) film
ever made. •
Hi I'edro.
2 A: Do you like my new dress? I'm having the I) (good )
B: Yes, it's ............................................... .. time here in York. in the north
of England. It isn't 2) .........
(b eautiful) dress I've ever seen.
.................... (big) than Madrid, hut
3 A: Is Dave ........ ............... ......... ............. ... . truly one of the 3) ..... ........................................... ..
(beautiful) cities in Europe!
............................ (intellig ent) Simon?
York ha ~ many different ~ ights to sce. York Minster
B: No, not at all. Simon is ...................... .. is the .f) ........................... , ................ (fa mous) onc. It is
........................ ( clever) person I know. 5) ........................................... (big) than any other
cathedral in the country. Actually, it is one of the
4 A: I think apples are ............................... .. 6) ............................... .......... .......... (large) cathedrals in
.................. . (ta st y) oranges. Europe!
B: Really? I like oranges much more. There arc also many museum" to visit here hecause
York has onc of 7) ................................................... .
S A: Why do you go shopping on Tuesdays? (rich) histories in England. Yesterday. I visited York
B: Because it's .............................. (q uiet) Castle Museum. The 8) .................................................. .
day of the week. (int eresti ng) exhibition there is the York Cast le
Prison, where you can see what life was really like in
181h century prisons. It was 9) ................ ....................... .
Fill In the gaps with the comparative or
(had) than you can imagine. thllt's for sure!
superlative form of the adJectives In York is definitely one or the 10) ............................... ..
brackets. (nice) places you can visit. I hope we can come together
one day!
A: Did you stay in yesterday morning? Love,
B: Oh no, we went to the new museum. Katic
A: What was it like?
B: Well, it's the 1) bi It f (big ) building I've
ever seen. It has 2) ..................................... .
1 Put the adjectives in brackets Into the
superlative form and write sentences
( good ) exh ibitions than other museums, but about your town / city.
it is 3) ..................... (ex pen sive), too.
A: What was the 4) ............................ (ni ce) , the (famous) sight ...
m fomou. I m my ;ty IS 'he Ac(Ooolis
thing you saw there?
B: I thought the dinosaur room was the
2 the (good) place to eat ".
5) ........................................... (interesting)
3 the (tall) building ...
part. However, my parents found the Viking
room 6) .................................... (enjoyable)
4 the (big ) shopping centre ...
than the dinosaurs.
A: Well, it all sounds very interesting. I'll have to
5 the (busy) street ...
go soon.

MOOULE S

86
J
Types of comparisons

(not) as + adjective (positive form) + as

less + adjective (positive form) + than
the least + adjective (positive form) + of/ in

Sw i~ os old os Meg.
• We use as + adjective (positive form) + as to show that two
people or things are similar in some way.
Usa's half IS os long os SUSOI1 5.
In negative sentences we use not as/so + adjective + as,
My bedroom .n't as big os my siste '5

• We use less + adjective (positive form) + than for two

people or things. It is the opposite of more ... than .
n IS If) less exciting 'ha" th sow IU)I r ,gh (= The expensive than (I oth~ 'le
one we saw last night was more exciting than this one.)

• We use the least + adjective (positive form) + of/ in for

more than two people or things. It is the opposite of the
most .,. of/ in.
n the least interes ting bl or of a I/!

TI-Jis ( the least expensive

Very/ Really - Much

very/ really + positive form of an adjective
much + comparative form of an adjective

• To emphasise the meaning of an adjective in its

positive form we add very or really before it.
Ye ) very really" t

• To emphasise the meaning of an adjective in its

comparative form we use much before it.
Ye .terday was much colder hon tnday.

Billy is much younger than Penny.

MOOUll S

87
 Loo k at the photo and complete the Fill In very/reaffy or much.
sentences with the correct form of the
1 A: That car is v nice! We should
adJ ectives.
buy it.
B: Yes, but it also costs ................... more
than we can afford.

2 A: This book is ............. ...... interesting.

B: Yes, I know. It's ................... better than
the last book you read.

3 A: I don't like basketba ll, do you?

B: No. I think football is ................... more
exciting to watch.
4 A: What do yo u think of these jeans?
B: Well, they're ........ ........... cheap, but
1 Martin is rhar (t all) lack. like those ones ................... more.
2 lack is much .................. (you ng) Martin,
S A: Diane is a .............. ..... good student.
but he is ................................. (o ld) Susie.
B: I know. She is ................... more
3 Susie isn' t as ....................... (taU) as Zack.
hardworking than we are.
4 Jul ie is .................................... (old) of all.
S John is as ........................... .. (ta ll) as Julie. 6 A: It was ................... sunnier yesterday
than it is today.
B: You're right, but it's still .................. .
Compare the pets using the adjectives
warm tOday.
from the list.
7 A: John is a ................... fast swimmer.
• quiet • fri endly • loyal • noisy
B: Yes, and would you believe that he's
• easy (to look after)
................... younger than the others?

8 A: I'm having a ................... good time in

Paris.
B: Are yo u going to stay there for
................... longer?
,
~! 'I. but it IS much qUieter than the J .
2 Speaking
What animals do you think make good
3 pets? Use your answers from Ex. 13 to
compare pets with your partner.
4
A: I rh dog'> lake the ni:esl pets, b it they
can be very noisy ~ometimes
S
B: I agree Goldfish are quieter than dogs,
but they're not as interesting as dogs. etc

MO[)ULE 5

88
Too - Enough

too + adjective tJfi e .ake too sweet

too + adjective + (for sb/ sth ) + to-infinitive mrt IS too long for me to wear
adjective + enough + t o- infinitive strong enough to lift rft ( box
enough + noun I rherf enough salt In I soup?

Too
Too comes before adj ectives. It has a negative meaning and is used
to express that something is more than wanted or more than
necessa ry .

• too + adjective
I can buy 'h 'h too expensive,
• too + adjective + to-i nfinitive
TJ Ih aft too expensive to buy. (NOT: ... to buy tRem.)
• too + adjective + for so mebody/ something + to-infin itive I m too tired "
Tt n 0/ too expensive for me to bu) o~mme

Enough
Enough com es after adjectives but before nouns . It has a positive meaning and is used to
express that there is as much of something as wanted or needed .

After adjectives
• adjective + enough + to-infinitive
She is old enough to drive.
• adjective + enough + for somebody/ something
Is hf good enough for the job ,"
Don '[ worry Angela. Your xam resu Is
good enough to get mto unll e ty
Before nouns
• enough + noun
There I~ enough sugar,
• (not) e nough + noun + to-infinitive
We t n 'f , I enough sugar to malee the cake.
• (not) enough + noun + for somebody/ something
rh 're ,n 't enough sugar for the coke.
Note: We can also use enough on its own (without a noun)
when the noun has already been mentioned.
We need more sugar. There isn 'r enough. for everwn

MOOULE S

89
 Complete the sentences with too or Join the sentences to make one. Use too
enough. or enough.

1 I can't go out tonight. I'm ()j busy with all 1 I can't drink this tea. It's too hot.
my homework. This tea is t, r It te. 1rtn .
2 It's .............. nOisy in here. I can't hear the 2 She can't do this exercise. It's too difficult
radio. for her.
3 Darren is old .............. to drive now. This exercise is ........................................ ..
4 My sister is .............. young to watch horror
films. 3 I can wear these boots. They are comfortab le
5 We walked home as the bus was ............ .. enough.
full of passengers. These boot are ......................................... .
6 Can you get the sugar for me, please? The
cupboard is .............. high for me. 4 I can't lift these boxes. They're too heavy fo r
7 Our school is quite near here. It's close me .
.............. to walk. These boxes are ....................................... .
S Dave and Cindy are rich .............. to buy a
Ferrari. 5 I can't put th is wallet in my bag. It's too big.
9 Is Tom experienced .............. to do this job? This wallet is ............................................ .
10 The tickets are .............. expensive to buy.

Complete the responses using too or Fill In the gaps with too, enough, as, less
enough a nd the correct form of the verb or least.
to be. 1 Ben isn't tall 'no,lgh to be a policeman. He's
1 Can we buy that camera? only 1.50 metres.
No, it 's too expensive. (ex pensive). 2 Comedies are ................... exc iting tha n
2 Can you help me with my homework? adventure films.
Sorry, I .......................................... (bu sy). 3 This rice is ................... salty for me to eat.
3 Can I go to Vicky's party? 4 Nigel isn't ................... good at science as
No, you ................................................... . Nicola.
(not old). 5 These shoes are ............. ...... expensive
4 Can you finish this crossword? than those ones.
No, it ....................................... (difficul t). 6 I don't think I'm fit ................... to run a
5 Can you drive a car? marathon.
No, I .......................................... (young). 7My little sister is only 13 years old, but she's
6 Can we go swimming? .. ................. tall as I am.
Yes, the water .......................................... . B I really don't like this music. It's the
(warm). .. ................. enjoyable CD in my collection.
7 Can you do this Maths problem? 9 The sea is ................... co ld to swim in
No, it ............................................ (hard). during the winter.
B Can I run the marathon? 10 This cheap bicycle is just ................... good
No, you ..................................... (not fit). as that expensive one.

MODULE 5

90
 ,,

o Complete the e xchanges using too,

enough, less or least and the adjectives in
Choose the co rrect Item .

1 The Blue Whale is the ...... mammal in the

brackets.
world.
1 A: Why don't we go to the beach th is A large B larger C largest
weekend? 2 David is the ...... boy in our class.
B: I don 't think it ' ll be wam enough A tall B taller C tallest
(wa rm) this weekend. What about next
weekend? 3 Mark is old ...... to go to the party alone.
A enough B much C too
2 A: Why did you buy the blue jacket?
thought you wanted the red one. 4 My t-shirt was ...... than yours.
B: I did, but the blue one was ................. . A expensive B less expensive
........................................ (ex pensive) . C most expensive

3 A: Did you enjoy Kevin 's party? 5 I am ...... bored to cook - let's order a pizza.
B: I didn't go. I was ................................ .. A ve ry B too C enough
(tired) to go out. 6 Your paintings are ...... than mine.
4 A: How did you do in your exams? A more nicer B very nice C nicer
B: Fine, I think. I definitely passed the 7 Germany can get very ...... in the winter.
English test. It was the ....................... .. A col d B colder C coldest
............................................ (difficult).
8 Rome is not as ...... as london.
5 A: What are you doing tomorrow? A cold B colder C coldest
B: We might go windsurfing if it is ......... ..
.............~ nd0

6 A: Why didn't you get tickets for the concert?

22 Use What 'l or Who 's and the luperlative
form of the adject ives in brackets to
B: The queue was ........................... (big)
complete the questions. Then, ask and
and it started raining, so I left.
answer In p a in .
7 A: Why don't you eat fast food?
B: Because, I think it's the ....................... . 1 Who's the bE i/ (good) pop singer in your
opinion? I thmk it's Lady Gaga .
................. (hea lthy) food you can get.
2 ................................................ (bea utiful)
8 A: How did the horror film end? country in the world?
B: I don't know. I was .............................. . 3 " .......... ,', .... , ........ ,"', .. , ........ " .. ,.... (funny)
(sca red) to watch the end of it. person you know?
9 A: Marlene is .................. (fit) to run the 4 ... .................. ,...... ,..... "., ............. (po pul ar)
5 km race. song in your country at the moment?
B: You're right. She doesn't need more 5 ,., ... ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., ......... ........ .... , (easy)
pract ice. language to learn?
6 ................................................ (ta le nted)
10 A: Wow! Look at this lovely beach!
actress in your country?
B: I know! It's ............. ,.. """" ""'" (good)
to be true!

MOOU1.l 5

91
 Jack and Pat asked their friend , Ollvla, Speaking
to recommend a chalet to stay at 24 You are going on holiday and you want
during their skIIng holiday. Look at the to choose a nice hotel to stay in . Look
pictures and the Information about the at the Information below and make
three chalets below. Then, read Olivia 's comparisons using the adjectives In the
reply and underline the correct items. list, as in the example .

• cheap • expensive • big • small

Wilderness Chalet • old • modern • close • fa r
• -4 bedrooms
• €240 per week Royal.) {olcl
• 10 km from ski Price: € 80 per night
slope Rooms : 150
Distance from city
centre: 1 km
• 2 bedrooms Built: 1890
• €270 per week
• 1 km from ski
slope
City Hotel
Price: E40 per night
Roo ms: 60
Distance from city
• €200 per week centre: 2 km
• 7 km from ski Built: 1970
slope
Bridge Hotel
•
Dear Jack and Pat.
I'm very 1) ha /happier to hear you'rccoming
I Price: €20 per night
Rooms: 20
10 Switzerland for your holidays! I Lhink I have Distance from city
some 2) really/much good suggestions 10 make. centre : 5 km
As you can see, Wilderness Chalet and Rocky Built: 1930
Chalet are both 3) cheap/cheaper than Snow Chalet.
However. they arc both 4) much/too further from The Llty Hotel i5n' as er e a~ thl Royo
the ski slope, Snow Chalet is only a lS·minute·walk
Hotel but it's
from it. NotS) enough!nry far, don't you think?
I personally believe that Snow Chalet is the
6) better/best of the three for you. You may notice, Writing
though, that it is 7) less/least spacious than the
other two. But since only the two of you are going,
2S A friend of yours Is going on holiday and
asked you to suggest a nice hotel to stay
you don', need 8) much/more bedrooms.
in. Use the Information from the
I hope I helped! Le, me know what you think!
Speaking activity to write an emall to
Best wishes, your friend with your recommendations.
Olivia Use Ex , 21 as a model.

MOOUU S

92
 h - Neither/ Either

80rh Pe er and iohn re ll'venteetl year( Jj and

go to (C 1001 'ogefhel Neither (the'Tl Ilk ~
basketball but they both love American
footba ll! They play together either on Saturdays
or Sundays.

(the +) plural noun of the/these/my/your, ete of us/them, ete + plural verb

Both (rh girls art + plural noun Both of them are f ('1
from Pa, Both of the girls are from Paris.
singular noun of the/these/my/your, ete of us/them, ete + singular/plural
Either ~hirt + plural noun + singularl verb in the affirmative
fI plural verb Neither of them is 'ar
Neither of the shirts is /are

We use both, neither and either to refer to two people or things.

• Both means "the one and the other" and • Either means "one or the other" and takes a
takes a plural verb, singu lar verb.
Both (the) childrDnlBoth of the children Either film I OX Wit h n-
Both of them ore ighr years 01 Can either of you ~peak Japanese'
• Neither means "not the one or the other" Either of you can help me
and takes a Singular or plura l verb in the
affirmative.
Neither bOl is /are Ifl le Q (NOT: Neither
book isn 't/aren 't interesting.)
Neither of n rh71 speale /speales Ir ,{ion .
Neither of them speak Ispeales It 'Ion.

Study the examples:

• both ... and ... Both Ben and Tom like comedies
s both pletty and c evel
• neither ... nor ... Neither M ory nor John live/lives in Lqndon
He agreed to help but he neither come nor amw red ny phone 01
• eith er ... or ... le either Spanish or Portuguese, but I'm not ~ure Wnl( h
Vi an either go our or SIllY in.

93
 ml in the gaps with either or neither. Choose the c:o rrect item .
1 3
1 OOked at two bicycles in the shop, but I 1 A: Would you like to watch Up or Fantastic
didn't buy either of them. Mr Fox?
2 .. ___ ................ my brother nor my sister B: I don't mind. We can watch ...... film.
wa nted to watch a film last night. A both B neither C either
3 I'd like ........... _... . _...... an MP3 player 2 A: Have you got any brothe rs or sisters?
or a new pair of trainers for my birthday. B: I've got two sisters. They are ...... younger
4 ....................... my mum nor my dad can than me.
speak French. A both B neither C either
5 I've got two mobile phones, but .. ..... .......... .
3 A: You don't need to buy a new coat.
of them works very well.
6 I'd .. ..................... like to read a book
You've got two good coats al rea dy.
B: I know, but ...... of them is as wa rm as
or play chess tonight.
this one.
Fill in the gaps w ith both, either or A both B neither C either

neither. 4 A: Did you go to the cinema last night?

B: No, I didn't. ...... John no r Paul could
Dear Linda, come, so I stayed ho me.
Thank YOll for your leuer. The two photographs A Both B Neither C Either
you sc:nl me were very nice. 1) Butb of them 5 A: Your brothers didn't play football last
really cheefed me lip.
night.
JVly twin sister, Katie. and I are 2) .. ....... .... .
B: I know, they ...... had lots of homework
very tired a1 the momenL. Wle're sRJdying hard for
to do so they cou ldn't come.
ou r exams. I've gm 3) ............... my .I'vlarhs
A both B neither C either
and History exams this ·week. I don'r Think
4) ..... ... ....... ....... of the exams will be very hard. 6 A: Did you buy anything from the shops
However, 5) ...................... MaThs nor History is today?
my favourite subject, so I'm working hard to make B: Yes, I bought two books. They were ..... .
sure I pass 6) ..... .... .... of them. on sale.
Katie h;:ls one exam this week, lOO. She'l! A both B neither C eithe r
7) ............... Sil her Physics or Chemistry
exam on Friday - I can't remember which one 7 A: Would you prefer to go to Paris or
ex'lCtiy. She is good at 8) ................... .... . subject.'i, Barcelona?
so she shouldn't fail 9) ........ . of them. B: I don't know. 1 think ...... city wou ld be
I hope your schoolwork is gomg well. nice.
10) ....... ....... Katie ~llld I can't wait to see you A both B neither C either
in the summer.
8 A: Mum, did you buy a choco late cake for
Lots of love.
the party?
And)'
B: Well, I bought two different cakes, but
.. of them were chocolate.
A both B neither C either

MODULE 5

94
 Rewrite the sentences using both ...
Speaking
and, neither ... nor or either ... or. Look at the pictures and the prompU
given, and c:ompare the two houses
1 Sue hasn't got a skateboard. Sarah hasn't
using both (... and) or neither (... nor).
got one, either.
NI:: 11 Sora/ (l (] a b)Qf
2 George likes cycling. Peter likes cycling, too.
Elm House
3 Jess doesn't watch horror films. Jenny doesn't,
either.
......... .........................................................
4 Neil has got red hair. Phil has got red hair,
too.
. the countryside I

5 My sister is talking on the phone, or else ~!=~=:-;

~
.
• are In
have a large garden I
• have four bedrooms X
Mum is.
• have a swimming pool X
..................................................................
• have a fireplace I
6 Mr lones is washing his car, or else his
• are on a busy street X
children are .
............................•.....................................
7 I don't know how to drive. My best friend
doesn't, either. 80th E,m
H se and
8 Clark will go to the supermarket, or else
F st
Vicky w ill. Cottage ore
Forest Cottage m the
9 Max has got a new laptop. Clare has got
( l1ntryside
one, too.

10 I didn't read a book last weekend. Julie

Writing
didn't, either.
A friend of yours would like to buy a
house in the country. Write an email to
Use both ... and and neither ... nor to him/ her describing the houses from
write sentenc:es about yourself. the Speaking activity.

1 Bc th le." 4 d
•. ~----
2 vem I ( n
3 .................................................................. Iaw'w h se hot J 'hmk you k f
4 H se and F Sf Cottoge. Both ( 'hem
5 In the C Juntrysld Both house~ h
6 ..................................................................
Neltner of them

--
 Exploring Grammar (Units 11-12)

• (omparatlves b) Which word do we use to compare

two people, things, etc? Which word
do we use with the comparative form:
a) Circle the comparative and very/really or much?
superlative forms of the adJectives in the
text and write them In the appropriate •
(olumn below. How do we form them?
a) Which of the sentences below has a
Complete the mining forms.
positive/ negative meaning? Find two
more sentences which have a negative
IS In
meaning in the text.
Arizona, USA It is neither
the deepest nor the widest 1 It is too co ld to go swimming.
canyon in the world, but it 2 She is old enough to walk to school alone.
IS definitely more
b) Complete the sentences using loo or
Impressive than anything
enough.
you've ever seen. It IS about
440 km long and at 2,500 m 1 Darren is ................. short to reach the to~
above sea level, it offers fantastic shelf of his bookcase.
views of both the Colorado River and the Colorado 2 Ken is tall ...................... to play basketball
Plateau. He's 1.S5 metres.
The first European to set foot in the Grand Canyon 3 It wasn't warm .................... to go swimming.
was a Spamsh captain, Garcia Lapez de Cardenas. He so we stayed at home.
and some soldiers went there looking for gold in 4 I never finished reading that novel,
1540, but they didn't go very far. The rocks were too it was .................... boring.
difficult for them to climb down so they couldn'! get 5 She's got ........................................ mone)
to the river. Instead of gold, they found the villages of to go shopping.
Native Amencan tribes who lived there for many years.
Today the Grand Canyon is one of the most famous •
tOUrist destinations in the USA. Five million tourists
a) Find examples of both, either, neither,
travel there every year to admire either the landscape 3 In the text. When do we use them?
or to see wild animals like coyotes, foxes and deer. The
most beautiful part of the Grand Canyon is within the b) Fill In the gaps with both, either or
Grand Canyon National Park TOUrists hike down the neither.
river to Visit that part of the canyon or fly over it on air
tours If they find hikmg too exhausting. 1 ........................ Mark nor Bill liked the fil
2 ............... Ryan and Steve are 14 yea rs old
3 We could go to .......................... Prague 0
Budapest on holiday. I don't mind.
4 ................. Maria's parents work very har
5 ......................... Helen nor her sister have i
driving licence.
6 ...................... Gary or Ben is going to giv
us a lift to the airport.

MODULE J

96
 Revision (Units 1-12)
Circle the c:orrect Item.

1 You new car is ...... nice! 14 Paula is as ...... as Nick.

A much B really C more A oldest B old C older

2 The cheetah is the ...... land animal. 15 My mum is ...... younger than my dad.
A faster B fast C fastest A much 8 more C the

3 As she ...... breakfast, the bell rang . 16 Neither Jack ...... Meredith are going on
A was making B made holiday this summer.
C makes A or 8 nor C of

4 The coffee is ...... hot for me to drink. 17 This is the supe rmarket ...... Richard and I do
A as B enough C too our shopping every weekend.
A wh ich B where C why
5 "Do you want to watch a comedy or an
adventure film?' 18 These boots are ...... expensive than those
"I don't mind. We can watch ...... one." ones.
A nor B either C neither A least B as C less

6 They ...... trekking last week. 19 Pandas are anima ls ...... live in China.
A went B go A wh ich 8 where C who
C are going
20 Look! The skier is going ...... the slope really
7 Does she ...... dancing? fast.
A like B likes C liked A down B through C up
8 Both Claire ...... Tony live in Essex. 21 This song is ...... than the previous one.
A nor B and C or A bad B worst C worse

9 Russia is colder ...... Paris. 22 " ...... is you r mum?"

A than B of C in "Great! "
A How B Who C Where
10 They've got a ...... dog.
A small, cute, black 23 I promise ...... you as soon as I return from
B black, sma ll, cute Wales.
C cute, small, black A visit B visiting C to visit

11 ...... do you make bread? 24 I'm not strong ...... to lift you up.
A Who B How C What A enough 8 much C as

12 jennifer is at ....... 25 How many ...... have you got?

A Helens B Helen C Helen's A childs 8 chi ldrens C children

13 Our new house is huge! got four

bathrooms and seven bedrooms!
A It is B It was C It has

I POltlU:
zs

9
 WiII - Be going to - Present Continuous

Will is used: Be going is used:

• for on-the-spot decisions. • for future

plans and
(I've decided intentions.
to have a salad
just now.)
(That's what 1 intend to do, but I don't
know for sure if it will actually happen.)

• for future predictions based on what we • for future predictions based on what we
believe or imagine will happen. see or know. (evidence) (I have evidence
that what I'm saying
is actually going
I rh nk your frIend wIll to happen.)
love 1111\ prf'H~nr
going to cut
(I think or hope so, but I don't know for sure.) i

• for promises (usually me/will Present Continuous is used:

with the verbs promise, 0'
• to talk about fixed arrangements in the near
swear, etc), threats,
future.
warnings, hopes
i' tmv /ling
(usually with the verb
(She's definitely doing it. She's got a
hope) and offers.
ticket.)
/'1/ (€rtaifl1y
• with the verbs think
pass this test
and expect, certain
expressions, such as I' m
sure and I'm afraid and
adverbs like perhaps,
certainly and probably.

Note: The future simple is NOT used after while, before, until, as soon as, after, if and when. We
use present simple instead. .JU as loon as an ~t . (NOT: 1"1 wJl )'ilbl ~ seQCI 9S I ~<il! QFRV€.)

When (= at what time?) as a question word it can be followed by the future simple.
When (= at the time) as a time word it can be followed by the present simple.
When w, t J (when =question word)
wh n 11 (when = question word)
/'/1 It: Y when h getl (when = time word)
Time expressions used with will and be going to: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in a little while,
in two/three day's time, next week/month/year, tonight, soon, in a week/month/year ete.

MODULE 6

98
 Matthew and Erln are planning their Answer the question s a bo ut your plaru
summer holidays. Use the phrases below
3 and predictions. Use will and be going to.
to write sentences, as In the e xample.
Pla ns
1 fly to New Zea land
They are gOIn! f' lealand. What are you going to do ...
2 do black water rafting 1 this evening?
Thl~ ning, I'm goif,!} t 1 mt~t my fnend(

3 visit the Glow Worm Caves 2 on Friday night?

4 stay in a five·sta r hotel 3 tomorrow morning?

5 buy lots of so uveni rs 4 next Saturday?

6 eat traditional dishes

Predicti ons
When you are 19 yea rs old ...
Look at Tony a n d Lucy 's diary. Write 5 will you go on a skiing trip?
2 sentences about what they have No, , ~ 1/;1' In a II~~

arranged to do, as In the example. 6 will you have a part-time job?

7 will you live in another country?

Monday, 151h July buy plane tickels 10 Spain
Tuesday, 16th July book a hotel room 8 will you own a ca r?
Wednesday, 17th July buy summer clothes for
their holiday
Fill In t he correct form of be going to or
Thursday, 18th July clean the house
4 will of th e ve rbs In brackets.
Friday, 19th July take their dog to their
neigl1bour's l10use 1 A: Have you got any plans for this evening?
Saturday, 20th July pack their things B: Yes, I }tl (meet) my friends.

Sunday, 21st July get up early and go to 2 A: Look at that boy riding his bike!
lIle airport B: Oh no! He .................................. (f all )!
3 A: It's really hot in here, don't you think?
1 l. lJu}.., I ,ar .. ~kets t )nJin n B: Yes. I ........................................ (open)
1day. , 'Jth JUlY. a window.
2
4 A: I can't hear a thin g!
3
B: I ..................................... (turn up) the
4
vo lume.
S
6 S A: I'm so worried about my exams!
7 B: I think yo u ..................... (do) just. t ne.

.......
99
 Fill in the gaps with will, be goIng to or Read the email and complete with will,
5
1
2
the present continuous.
It's cloudy. It .................................. (rai n).
I'm afraid that Tracy ................................. .
.. be going to or the present continuous.

Dear Macy,
;: ..... :.:: .. :.

(n o t /come) to France with us. How are ~'ou? Wc arrived in rvladrid yesterda)
3 Now that I've got a new job I morning. We'rc SLaying at a rcally great hotel!
We can't wait to explore c\'erything! Today we
(b uy) a new motorbike.
1) 'Jre vi~ 1119 (visit) the Prado Museum. We'vc
4 I'm sure my brother ................................. . already got the tickets! I'm ~urc it 2) .... .... .. ........ ..
(let) me borrow his new video game. (be) a really nice experience. Later in the
5 Ted and I ...................................... (meet) aflemOOtl. jvl um and I 3) ................... ... .. ............ .
(probably/go) window shupping.
outside the restaurant at 8 o'clock.
We\'e got great plans for next week, too. First.
6 There's nothing to eat. I we 4) .... ............................ (take) a sightseeing bus
(o rder) Chinese. Lour or the city and \\' C 5) .................................... .
(shop) for souvenirs and clothes, among other
Put the verbs In brackets into the things. At 9 o'clock on Sunday my parents'
present simple or the future simple. ti·iends. who live in Madrid, 6) .......................... ... .
(take) U~ out f()r dinner. We 7) ........ ......... .
1 I ................................... (ca ll) you before I (go) to the Three Am igos' . It's a traditio nal
....................... (leave) for work tomorrow. Spanish restaurant near our hOlel! I 8) ............. ... .
2 Jack ... ............... (fix) the tap as soon as he ................................ (certainl y/try) some ' Paella'!
It's one or Ill)' fanHlrite dishes!
.......... (com e) back from the supermarket.
That's <lllm}' news for now. See you in lhree
3 When .............................. ... ... (yo u/fi ni sh) weeks' Lime!
the project?
Take care.
4 She ........................ (d o) the ironing when Syl\'ia
she ............................ (get) home tonight.
5 She .............................. (not/do) anything
until her father ................. (return) home. Speaking
6 I don't know when they .................... ( b e)
In pa Irs, ask each other questions
back from their trip. 9 about your summer plans. Use the
Put the words In the correct order. Then
7 answer about yourself.
prompts and / or your own ideas .

• swim every day • read books

1 a sports car/you/will/drive/in twenty years? • study • t ravel abroad • sleep ea rly

A: Ar 'Ot ifl 10 wi,71 ~v n,. dr in the

2 are/tomorrow /what/going/you/to/do/
afternoon/? summe '
8; Ye~, I am. te
3 on Sunday/you and your friends/ are/to an
Writing

4
amusement park/going?

be/will/what/you/grow up/when/you?
o Use your answers from the Speaking
activIty to write a paragraph about
yo ur partner's plans for the summer.
5 will/how old/be/you/in ten years?
Th.s it/m, Lowa is g(linq to

MODUL16 @O~r..!.l!.r:~~~ Practice see p. 149.1SO~

100
 I I I •

Conditionals

<

If Sue goes tr bed late, she If YtJU need anything, we If I were rich, I'd buy a big
always feels tired the next day. be happy to help you. house with a pool.

if + present simple present simple something which is always

true / law of nature
If you put -e in wote- it melts.
if + present simple future simple, imperative, real - likely to happen in
modal (can/must/may/shoufd) the present or future
If I don 't finish my homework, I won 't go to the party.
If you g o home early, make dinnel
If \AI have tlln we may g o fOI a walk.

if + past simple would/could/might + bare imaginary situation in the

infinitive present; also used to give
advice
If I had a good voice, I would become a Singer.
If I were you, , would exercise more.

Form

• A conditional clause consists of two parts: the if-clause (hypothesis), which begins with the
word if, and the main clause, which shows the result of the hypothesis.
!f the w« a(her IS tU!W: t OI11 rm ve tVll! gp for_ t}J2!..~![Link]:;,
if-clause (hypothesis) main clause (result)

• When the if-clause comes before the main clause, we separate them with a comma. When
the main clause comes before the if-clause, we do not use a comma.
If she doesn '{ 5lUdy, she wpn l pa5S hf exams.
She won't pms her exam If sh dl Sfi tJdy.

MO[)UlE 6

101
 Use

• Ty pe 0 co nditi o nals express something Notes:

which is always tru e. • We can use unless instead of if ... not in the
If you heat ice, it melts. (It is a natural if-clause of Type 1 cond it iona ls. The ve rb
phenomenon/law of nature.) after unle ss is always in the affirmative .
If you don 't drink water, you get thirsty. Unless you hurry, we'll miss our flight.
(This is always/generally true .) If you don 't hurry, we'll miss our flight.
• Type 1 conditionals express something • We can use were instead of was for all
which is likely to happen in the prese nt or pe rsons in the if-clause of Type 2
future. conditionals.
If you see He/en, tell her to call me. (You are If he were hen he would know what to do.
likely to see her.) • We use If I were you ... in the if-clause of
• Type 2 conditionals express an imaginary Type 2 conditionals when we want to give
sit uation in the prese nt . advice.
If I had a lot of money, I would t ravel around If I were you, I wouldn 't work so many hours
the world. (But I haven't got a lot of money every day.
so I can't travel around the world.)

Read the stateme nts and use the

Use the phrases to make Type 0
conditional sentences.
2 phrases to make Type 1 conditional
sentences, as in the example.
1 you/heat/water - it/boil
If you heat water, it boils. 1 I don't want to go to bed.
2 you/freeze/water - it/turn into/ice
........... .... .................................... ..... .... .... .. (you / be tired / t o morrow)
3 you/put/sugar in yo ur coffee - it/become/ If you don't go 10 bed, you 'f! be tired tomorra
sweet
2 I don't want to wea r a jumper.
..................................................................
4 you/th row/salt on snow - it/melt (yo u/catch/a cold )
......................... ......................................... .............................................. ...... ............ .
5 you/mix/blue and red - you/get/pu rple ................... ............................. .................
............................................. .... .................
6 you/lie/ in the sun all day - you/getl 3 Let's slee p a little longer.
sunburnt
(we/ be late/fo r work)
..................................................................
................... ....................... .... ...................•
7 you/boil/water - it/create/steam
.................................................................
.................. ..... ........................................ ...
8 you/eat/a lot - you/get/ fat 4 I don't want to eat brea kfast.
..................................................................
(yo u/ be/ h ungry Ilater)
.................................................................
........... ........ ..................... ...... ...... .............

MODULI 6

102
 Match and write exchanges, as In the a) Read the advertiseme nt fo r a
3 example. Then, In pairs, act out the 5 charity competition. Then co m p lete.
d ialogu es.
?
11 b be hungry a take some medicine
12 feel cold b eat a sandwich
13 feel bored c go to bed
14 be tired d put on a jumper
e play a game
15 have a cough

1 A: I om hungry.
B: It you're hungry, ear a sandwich.

2 Ao Do you care about endangered animals?

............................................................
Then you'll love this competitionl
B: ............................................................
What can you do to save our wildlife?
3 A:
B: ............................................................
For every letter we receive, we will donate €1 to the
4 A: ............................................................
'Save Our Wildlife' campaign.
B: ................... .... .....................................
The most crea1ive leller wins a
5 A:
four-day safari trip to Kenya!
B: ............................................................
Get close to wild animals and learn more about them!

1 If you care about endangered animals, you

Rewrite the sentences. Use if or unleu.
4 will )Vt' (love) this competition.
2 If you .............................................. (send)
1 If I don't study hard, I won't pass the exams.
us a letter, we will donate € 1 to the 'Save
Unless I study hard, I won't pm~ th [Link].'i
Our Wildlife' campaign.
2 Unless we leave now, we will miss our flight.
3 If you ............................. (write) the most
creative letter, you will win first prize.
3 If I don't tidy my room, my mum will be
4 If you win first prize, you ....................... .
angry.
(go) on a four-day safari trip to Kenya.
5 If you go to Kenya, you .................... ..
4 Unless the children behave themselves, they
(get) close to wild animals and learn -0"£
won't go to the park.
about them.

5 If Maria doesn't come soon, we'll go to the

b) Now look at Ex. Sa again and -
cinema without her.
pairs, r e phrase th e sentences Dd ]
unleu.
6 You'll catch a cold unless you dress warmly.
1 A: Unless you care ab
animals, you won't love
B: Unless you ..

.
 Make Type 2 conditional sentences. Put the verbs In brackets Into the
Ij 8 correct tense.
1 I don't have enough money, so I won't go
on holiday. 1 A: I'm hungry. Do you have anything to eat?
If I hod enough money, I would go on holiday. B: Yes. If you look (look) in the fridge, you
2 I can't cook, so I eat out. will see (see) some fruit.
.................................................................. 2 A: What ....... ... ..... ........ .... ......... (yo u/ do)
3 They don't have a camera, so it's not if you ....................... (find) a handbag
possible to take photographs. on the bus?
......................................................... ... ...... B: I ........................ (give) it to the driver.
4 I don't have his number, so I can't call him.
3 A: Should larder a salad or some pasta?
..................................................................
B: If I ............... (be) you, I .................... .
S I don't have a car, so I can't go to the
................... (order) the pasta.
countryside.
.................................................................. 4 A: We're going to miss our boat.
6 I'm busy on Monday, so I can't visit you . B: Don't worry! If we ..................... (ta ke)
................................................. ................. a taxi, we ................................ (arrive)
at the port in plenty of time.
Read the questions and use the
7 prompts to write Type 2 conditionals.
S A: Do you want to go swimming tomorrow?
B: I'd love to, but if the weather .............. .
......... (be) bad again, we ............... ... ..
1 A: Is Mary going to sit her French exam this
year? ...... ................. (not/ go).

B: No. (fail) 6 A: Do you know where the nearest

If Mary sat her French exam this year, she shopping centre is?
would fail it. B: Yes. If you ............... (take) the second
street on the right, you ...................... ..
2 A: Are they going to buy a new car?
(see) a big mall straight in front of you.
B: No. (have no money left fo r their
summer holidays) 7 A: Mum, can I go to Jenny's party th is
.................................................................. Satu rday?
B: Well, if you .......................................... .
3 A: Will the factory close down?
(finish) all your homework by Friday,
B: No. (many people be out of wo rk)
then I .............................. (let) you go .
........................ ... ............................... ....... .
8 A: Are you going anywhere this summer?
4 A: Are you going to move to Germany?
B: No, but if I ............................... (have)
B: No. (lose touch with all my friends)
enough money, I ................................ ..
........ ... ... .................................. ... ...............
(g o) to the Maldives.
S A: Is John here?
9 A: Where ......................... (you/ go) if you
B: No. (he help us)
.......................... (can) travel anywhere
....... ........................ ............. ............. .........
in the world?
B: If I .................................... ......... (can),
I ................................. ... (go) to Africa .

MODULE 6

104

~-- -
 Circle the correct item. Complete the sentences using
9 11 conditional Type J or 2 . Make them true
1 I won't fo rgive he r unless she ...... .
for you .
A apologise B doesn't apologise
C; apologises 1 I'll be happy if I pms all my lest

2 If you ...... water, it turns to ice. 2 My parents will be angry if ....................... .

A will freeze B froze C freeze

3 Unless I study ..... ............... ........ ........ ....... .
3 If we ...... save enough money, we won't go
on a cru ise in the sum mer.
4 If I don't finish my homework, ............... .. .
A won't B don't C didn't

4 ...... yo u mind if I used you r laptop? 5 If I went shopping, ......................... ......... ..

A Will B Did C Would ............................ .... ................................•
S If you read newspapers, you ...... a lot. 6 I'll be sad if .............................................. .
A learn B would learn C learned
7 If I had more free time, ......................... ... .
6 If they don't leave now, they ... ... be late.
......................•.. •. . • . • .... • .•... • . •..•..•.. ..... • ... ••••
A will B won't C would
8 Unless I'm too tired, ................................. .
10 Read the dialogue and complete with
the correct form of the verbs In 9 If I had a lot of money, ............................. .
brackets.
10 If I found a wallet, .................................... .
A/lie: Hi, Jess! How ............. ... ............. ...... ........... ...... ......... ... •
are you?
less: Great! Kate and Speaking
are getting
ready for our
12 In pairs, discuss what you would do if
you ...
skiing holiday. Do you fancy coming?
Allie: Thank you Jess! If I 1) had (have) the • won the lottery
money, I 2) .... ..... ...... ........... . (come) but • didn't do your homework
unfortunately I'm saving up for a new • lost your house keys
,
guitar. • were sick at school
Jess: Well, if we 3) .............. ............ . (book) • could change one thing in the world
now it won't cost a lot. Only El 50 for one
If I won the lottery, I would buy a new house
week. Believe me, we 4) .......................... . for my parents.
(pay) £250 if we booked later.
Allie: It sounds good, but it's stili a lot for me.
Don't get me wrong! I 5) ........................ .
Writing
.......... (love) to come with you if I could. 13 Now use your partner's answers from
less: I know. Well, maybe next year! If I the Speaking activity to write
6) ........................... (be) you, I would sentences about him/ her.
start saving now!
If Peter won the lottery, he
AI/ie: OK. I promise I will.
-------------------------
"'OOUU6

105
 Adverbs

An adverb can be one word (quickly) or a

phrase (in the park).
NIck is studying
• We usually form an adverb by adding -Iy to hard these days.
the adjective. quiet quietly He gels up early
• Adjectives ending in -le drop the -e and and goes to bed
take -y. la l e because his
possible - pOSSibly exams will stare
• Adjectives ending in a consonant + y drop soon.
the -y and take -ily . happy happily
• Adjectives ending in -I take -Jy.
careful - carefully

• Some adverbs, however, do not follow the above ru les:

Note: There are some pairs of adverbs like hard - hardly

and late - lately which have differen t meanings.
good well Tom Iwdied hard, bllt he tailed hi.~ exams. (ha rd =
fast fast
with effort)
My grandmother can hardly see without her glasse5.
hard hard
(ha rdly = almost not/scarcely)
ea rly early
The {rain (ome an hour late. (late = not on time)
late late
J've seen a lot of films, lately. (late ly = recently)

Write the adverb1 of the adjectives in the list In the correct box .

• quick • terrible • slow • soft • successfu l • early • nice • wonderful • angry • fast
• happy • careful • good • lucky • gentle • awful • loud • late • beautiful • hard
• easy • comfortable • lazy • possible • simple

quickly
.~
.
~ln~JI,

MODULE 6

106
Use
Adverbs usually describe verbs (e.g. write quickly). They can also describe adjectives (e.g. quite
good) or even othe r adverbs (e.g. very we10. There are five categories of adverbs :

manner ,Amanda sings beautifully. (How does she sing? Beautifully.)

place Your book IS here (Where is it? Here. )
time I saw Mory yesterday. (When did yo u see her? Yesterday .)
frequency They sometimes watch comedies. (How often do they watch comedies?
Sometimes. )
~ ..
degree Th Is shop assistan t is extremely helpful! (The adve rb extremely shows to
what extent (extremely) the shop assistant is helpful.)

Order of Adverbs

Adverbs of manner (carefully, nicely, ete) go:

• before main ve rbs. She slowly went out of the room.
• after auxil ia ry verbs. Ht: is anxiously wailing for his exam results .
• at th e end of a sentence. A/ex did his homework carefully.

Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, [Link], never, etc) go:

• after the verb to be. She is never latt for work .
• after auxiliary verbs. Pamelo doesn 't usually get up early at weekends.
• before main verbs. Sil/sometimes walks to school.

Adverbs of degree [(not) quite (,I), very (,I ,I), extremely (,1,1 ,I), etc] go:
• before adjectives.
Ben is quite good at painting. (I ")
Jane IS very good at painting. (.1.1)
Beth is extremely good at painling . (././.1)

• When there are two or more adverbs in the same sentence, they usually come in the
following order:

manner place time

She was working hard in her office lost night.

• If there is a verb of movement (go, come, leave, etc) in the sentence, then the adverbs come in
the following order:

place manner time

She went home on foot yesterday.

107
 Put the words from the list below into Put the words In the correct order.
the correct box . 4
1 late/never/goes/to bed/Cla re
• late • good • well • cheerfully (lan never g( '5 to b 'd fa te.
• fast • quiet • carelessly • noisily 2 it/heavily/yeslerday/ snowed
• early • hard • beautifully • poor ..................................................................
• shy • safe • happily • suddenly 3 often/on Saturdays/they/to the beach/go
• peaceful • bad • soft • simply ......•.............. .............................................
4 late/started/the party
t .......................................... . ................................................................. .
.................................................... S go/every morning/to schoo l/l/ by bus
.................................................... ......... ................•....................... .. .. .............
well, ............................................ . 6 Bill/in his room/quietly/is readi ng
............................ . . . . . ............. . . . . . . . .................................................. ......•........

.................................................... 7 carefully/drives/lulie/always
...... ....................................... .................... .
bt , ............................................ .
8 went/to the train station/we/quickly
... .................................................
................................................................. .
............. .. .. ..... .. .. ... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .
a) Fill In the gaps with good or well.
Put the adverbs from the list in the S
co rrect box . 1 Mike is a g~ ,j swimmer. He swims very well.
2 I was ill last week. Today I feel ................. .
• cleverly • never • sometimes • fast 3 Sue is a ..... .......... student. She does
• sadly • once • here • extremely .................. at school.
• happily • last week • there • by bus 4 I didn't sleep very .................. last night.
• quite • on the beach • very • early 5 I love yo ur new dress. It loo ks really
• late • often • on foot • yeste rday .................. on you.
cleyerly, ....................................... .
6 I was in the same school as lohn, but I don't
....................................................
know him very .............. .. .. .
..............•...•.................................
.. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. . . .......... .. .. . .. ....... b) Fill In the gaps with bad or badly.
.................................................... 1 It looked like a bl accident. Thankfully, no
.................................................... one was t adfy injured .
................................................ 2 jim did ..... ............. In the last test,
...•............................. ............... but he's not a .................. student.
............................................... . 3 My football team had a ................. .
.................................................... result yesterday. They played very
.. .. .. .. .. ... ............... .. .............. ... . ... . .................. .
.....•.............................................. 4 lane is a .................. singer and she
1
........•...................•.................... ... dances .................. , too .
.................................................... J S The children behaved ..... .. ........... and
.................................•.................. upset their teache r.
MOOULE 6

108
 Underline the corred Item. Complete the sentences using hardly
6 8 and the corred form of the verbs in
1 It rained heavy/ heavily last night.
the list.
2 You should always cross the road careful/
carefully. - say • hear • recognise - read
3 Our teacher was very angry/ angrily with us - know - slee p - eat • believe
yesterday.
1 I met Tom only once before, so I hardly know
4 My homework was very easy/easily.
him.
5 We saw some rea lly beautiful / beautifully
2 John's cut off all his hair. I ....................... ..
paintings at the Vancouver Art Gallery.
.. ............................. him when I saw him.
6 Lu cy spo ke in a soft/softly voice.
3 Could you speak up, please? I can ............ .
7 I left for school quick/ quickly this morning.
............................... you.
S Jake looked terrible/ terribly today.
4 She's really tired today because she .......... .
9 They are smiling happy/happily in the photo.
.. ............................. last night.
10 The city looks amazing/ amazingly beautiful.
5 I didn't think I would pass the exam. I can
. I
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 1t.
Turn each adjective Into an adverb and
7 put it Into the correct sentence,
6 Sharon was quiet this evening. She .......... .
............................... a word at dinner.
• serious • heavy • quick - bad 7 Your writing is terrible. I can .. ................. ..
- polite • extreme • beautiful • loud ............................... it.
- fluent - successful S I'm really hungry. I .................................. ..
........ .............. a thing tOday.
1 He looked at me Seriously and told me not to
be late again.
Underline the corred
2 The shop assistant was ...................... . 9 words.
helpful. She helped me choose the perfect
present for my dad. Dear ,\Iison ,
3 Jill speaks German ....................... . How are ,\'ou? We arrived
4 We'll stay at home because it's ralnmg ill Li sbon I ) late/lately
last ni ght. We are stayi ng
....................... now.
in a 2) reaVreaUy nice
5 The runner completed the marathon
hotel!
....................... and came first! This morning, we woke
6 I didn't study a lot so I did ....................... in IIp \el)early. We 3) hard/hardly slepl al al l. I'd
my History test today. 4) happy/happily go back to sleep , btH Lhere i.~ so
7 I was amazed at how ....................... she HIlKh to do here:
sang. She's got a really great voice! T (xTa ),. we're goi ng lO Uikc a ride U ll iI Lour bus
S I shouted ....................... for someone to around the ci[y. We are going to ~ee all the
5) wonderfullwonderfuUy siglm from [Link] bus. I
help me when I fell.
thin k lour buses arc an 6) extreme/extremely
9 I finished my homework ........................ It good way to see a city, don 't you ?
only took me ten minutes. Well , that's all my ncws for now. Pleasc write soon!
10 You should always speak ....................... to Best wishes,
your teachers. Craig

MOOUU 6

109
 Comparative &- Superlative form of adverbs
• Adverbs form the compa ra tive and superlative in the
same way as adjectives.

A cheetah runs
carefully more most
much more
carefully carefully
quickly than a
fast faster fastest
late later latest tiger In fact,
early earlier earliest the cheetah runs
little less least the fastest of all
well better best animals .
badly worse worst
far farther! farthest!
further furth est

• Adverbs which have the same form as the adjective take ·er in the com parative and ·est in the
superlative. early - earlier - earliest, hard - harder - hardest
• Adverbs fo rm ed by adding -Iy to the adjective take more in the compa rative and most in the
superlative. dangerously more dangerOUSly - most dangerously
Note: We can also use very/ really or much to emphasise the meaning of adverbs.
+ positive form of an adverb She draws very/ really well.
+ comparative form of an adverb
]mon speaks Ilalion much more fluently than Patrick.

10 Write the comparative and superlative 11 Fill in the gaps with the comparative or
forms of the following adverbs. superlatIve form of the adverbs in
brackets, adding any necessary words .
Adverb Comparative Su~~ ;
1 David runs taster than (fast) Michael.
1 loudly more loudly most loudly
2 He sings ....... .. .... ... .... ... .. ... ........... (ba dl y)
2 well
of all the people in the band.
3 fast
3 Today I arrived at work .... ........... .... .... ......
4 quickly
......... .......... (late) yesterday.
5 early
4 Susan dances ...... .... ...... ........ (bea utifully
6 late
I- I of all.
7 badly
5 You should ta lk ........ ........ ..................... ....
8 happily
I (politely) to customers than to your friends
9 beautifully
6 Alan works .. ...................... ............ . (hard)
10 hard
of all the employees.
11 far
7 My sister writes .... ... .................................
12 dangerously
(well) I do.
S My dad drives .................. .... ....... ...... ..... .
(ca refully) than anyone I know.

MODULE 6

llO
 Complete with comparative or
the
12 Fill in very or much. 1 superlatJve form of the adjectlves/ advemj
In brackets.
1 A: How is your new bike?
B: It's great! It moves mL ch more smoothly A: Excuse me, can you tell me 1) tf

than myoid one. (good) way to get to the National Museum ?

B: Yes, of course. You can walk, but you 'll get
2 A: Did you enjoy the film last night? there 2) .................. .................. . (qu ickly)
B: Yes, it was .............. ... more interesting by bus.
than I expected. A: Which bus will take me there 3) ............... .

3 A: My mum works ................. hard.

... ..... ................... .............. (quickly) of all?

B: Yes, she works ................. harder than B: The number 4 bus is 4) ............................ .

anyone I kn ow. ............. (fast) way to get to the museum.

A: Where does it leave from?
4 A: 15 Kevin a good drive r? B: There is a stop nea r here. Turn right at the
B: Yes, he is. He drives ................. carefully. next corner, then walk about 500 metres
5) ............................ (far) down the road .
5 A: Did you enjoy the concert on Saturday?
B: Yes. Th e lead singer sang
A: Is there a bus stop that's 6) ..................... ..
(close)?
better than last year.
B: I'm afraid not!
13 Choose the correct item. A: OK, that's great! Thanks for your help.
B: No problem! Have a nice time at the
1 I'm wo rking ...... at the moment. museum .
A hard B hardly
C very ha rdly Speaking
2 Catherine did very ...... in her exams. 15 Compare things that people in your
A good B best C well family do. Use the adverbs below and
your own ideas.
3 Jack came home from school ........
A late B lately C latest • fast • ha rd • carefully • quietly
• early • often • more • less
4 This summer passed much ...... than last
year. I run faster than my sister but my brother
A quickly B more quickly runs the fastest of all.
C most quickly

5 It was Ch ris who answered the questions the Writing

.... .. of all. 16 Use your answers from the Speaking
A most intelligent B more intelligently activity to write sentences about your
C most intelligently family.

6 He drives the most ...... of anyone I know. I NOr! hard, but my parent~ work much
A careless B carelessly harder than I do. My mum work,s the ...
C very careless

MODUlE'

111
 Exploring Grammar (Units 13-15)

- ,,,,,,. Fill in the gaps with will or be going to.

• AI Y"''''!i To -
10
n_
2 Then identify the use In each sentence.

Read the emall and look at the 1 Look! She ................ ................ hit the ball!
1 highlighted verb forms . Which 2 This dress is gorgeous! I .................. buy it!
e xpresses: 3 She ............................ .......... move to Paris
next year.
• a fact? 4 I promise I ............................ write to you.
• a future plan and intention?
• a future prediction based on what we
bel ieve or imagine will happen?
• ,
• a fixed arrangement in the near future? a) Find five conditional sentences in the
Dear Jenny,
3 text. Which express something which Is
always/ generally true? Which express
Hope you are well! I am writing to invite you to
an Imaginary situation in the present?
my birthday party!
Which express something, which is
As you know, I will be thirteen on June 5th so I am
likely to happen In the present or
going to have a big garden party at my parents'
future ?
summer home. My brother, Martin, is going to
cook and my sister, Emily, is going to play music
b) When can we use unless?
and sing. She sings really beautifully, you know! I
think everyone will have a great time. The only
c) Think of two more Type 0, 1 &- 2
thing I am worried about is the weat her. I hope it
conditional sentences of your own .
won't rain. If it rains, we will have to move into
the house, which won't be as much fun. My dad
says that if we have time, we may go to the beach
•
for a swim. We'll see! It all depends on the a) Find seven adverbs in the text. Which
weather.
4 are adverbs of manner, place, time,
By the way, Emi ly t old me t hat Jim is going t o frequency and degree? Which words are
move to Spain ne xt month. If you see him used to emphasize their meaning?
tomorrow, please tell him to call or email me. I'd
like to speak to him before he leaves. He's so b) Write the comparative or the
lucky! If I had a lot of money, I would definitely superlative of the adverbs mentioned In
move there, too. the text .
Well, I'd better stop. It's very late and I am going

~--
se"
to bed in half an hour. As Mum says, if you don't
get enough sleep, you feel ti red t he next day.
............. .......... ...................... . .......................
She's always getting on my nerves when she says
.............. ......... . ..................... . ...... ............... .•
that, but you know what? She's right!
....................... ...................... . . .................... .•
See you on the 5th!
.......... .................................... .......................
Lots of love, ....................... ....................... ...................... .
Anna

M ODULE 6

112
 Revision (Units 1-15)
Circle the correct item.

1 If you see Pete, ...... him to call me. 13 The sun ...... in the west.
A tell B wou ld tell C will tell A is setting B set C sets
2 I expect Harry ...... home soon. 14 We can't play football ...... it stops raining.
A will come B is going to come A unless B if C if not
C is coming
15 " ...... I help you?'
3 She arrived ...... than her friends. "Yes, I'd like to buy a T·shi rt."
A early B ea rlier A Must B May C Might
C more ea rly
16 I'd ask for my parents' advice if I ...... you.
4 ...... you build a bigger house if you ha d the A would be B am C were
money?
17 That's Mr Clerk ...... the manager of the
A Will B Would C Are
company.
5 Pu t on a coat or you ...... a cold. A who's B whose C who
A are catching B will catch
18 Marlin is the tallest ...... all.
C catch
A in B of C than
6 "Where are yo u going?"
19 She sings .. .... th an her brother.
" I ...... some bread from the baker's."
A best B well C better
A am going to get B am getting
C will get 20 listen! Someone ...... the door.
A knocks B is knocking
7 If you heat ice, it .......
C will knock
A is melt ing B melted C melts
21 They left a week ...... .
8 He ...... stu dy more if he wants to pass his
A ago B before C last
driving test.
A should B ought C have to 22 Evelyn is ...... ta lented than John.
A much B as
9 ...... in ten minu tes, we' ll leave without him.
C much more
A If he doesn't come
B If he co mes 23 Da n is at the theatre with some friends of
C Unl ess he doesn't
A him B his C he
10 She's got shorte r hair .. .... me.
A of B than C as 24 She likes ...... to pop music.
A listen B to listen C listening
11 Is ...... any fruit salad left in the fridge?
A it B this C the re 25 ...... he play the viol in when he was eleven
years old?
12 Give me a call when you ...... home.
A Can 8 Might C Could
A will get B get C got

( Point~: 2S )

......,
113
 Pre se nt Pe rfect

Form subject + have/ ha s + past participle

I/You have 've I/You have not haven't

He/She/ It has 's { visited .! He/She/ It has not hasn 't { visited.!
we/You / } bought. we/You /} bought.
have 've have not haven 't
They They

Have I/you Yes, I/you have. No, I/you haven 't .

visited? /
Ha s he/she/it Yes, he/she/ it has. No, he/she/it hasn 't.
{ bought?
Have we/you /they Yes, we/you/they have. No, we/you/they haven 't .
• We form the prese nt perfect with the • We form questions by putting have/ has
auxiliary verb have/ has and the past before the subject.
participle of the main verb. We fo rm the Have yo u finislJed w

past participle of regular verbs by adding • We fo rm negations by putting not after

-ed to the verb. have / has.
plo) ~Jayed Th haven 't ,Dd 0/
• We form the past participle of irregular verbs
differently.
•ee seen (See the list of irregular verbs.)

Use
We use the present perfect for:
• actio ns which started in the past and still • actions which have recently finished and
co ntinue in the present. their results are visible in the present.
They have lived in thi~ He has won rr ~'e

hause sin( 2008. (We know it because

(They moved to this house we can see him
in 2008 and they still live wea ring a medal.)
there.)
• actions whi ch happened at an unspecified
time in the past. The exact time is not
• ex perie nces. menti oned because it is not important.
H! '~ bought fl [(/1

(When did he buy it? We

don't mention the exact
time because it is not
I 've tried important. What is
important is that he's
got a new guitar.)

MODULE 1

114
 •
Have gone (to) - Have been (to)

• We use have gone (to) to say that someone • We use have been (to) to say that someone
went so mewhere and is still there. went somewhere, but he/she has co me
ba ck.
Tt. have gone
shopping. (They
are still shopping.
They haven't
come back yet.)

We' ve been to Egypt ~'" h ur schwl. (We went

to Egypt, but we have co me back. We are no
longer there.)
Time expressions used with the present perfect:

• already (normally in affirmative sentences) • never (negative meaning)

Y( If1 flo . . !; to go ~ If; r- 1St oui e /'1' 51 e never rril d ,usn
already s! nt rhf: feller' • for (= over a period of time)
• yet (normally in interrogative or negative ,m ;'0' known P nny for ten yeol
sentences) • since (= from a starting point in the past)
Have JU 11 '!d ~)f1 \ )r~ yet. \r\-t h ' t!n't er J rem since S!tiUl iO)
1O~ yet
'11 ~ l/(e • recently (normally in affirmative
• just (normally in statements to show that sentences)
an action finished a few minutes earlier) WE IS recently b, ! ~hl f.

{Ill just Ished (" '''9. • so far (normally in affirmative statements)

• ever (normally in affirmative and They've visited three mu 'Ulm so fa r
interrogative sentences) • this month / week/ year
the le comedy I have ever n I 10 1 e tnken two test.s this week
Ha... It, ever travelled abroad'

Write the past participles of the following verbs.

1
• •
1 aten ·..................... need ......................
eat
" sing 21
• •
·
• ••
2 choose ·..................... · 12
• play ·..................... ·• 22 go ......................
· •
3 try ·..................... • 13 SWim ·..... . . . . . ........ . . . •
•• 23 do ..... ...... ....... ... .
•• •
•
4 kn ow ..................... . •
• 14 tell ·................ ..... •
• 24 stop ......................
·
•
•
·
5 travel ...................... •
•
•
15 wash ...................... •
•
•
25 arrive ......................
•
6 dan ce ...................... •
•
• 16 grow ·... ... ... ....... ..... •
• 26 build ......................
•
•
·.....................
·
•
......................
7 think · ..................... • 17 win • 27 bring
•
· ·
•
8 hide ...................... •
•
• 18 write ...................... ·
•
• 28 keep ......................
• •
9 take ...................... ·
• 19 throw ...................... •
• 29 send ......................
·
• ·••
10 break . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
•
•
•
20 fry ................ .... ..
·• 30 prefer ......................

"""'''7
us
 John Is In London at the
2 moment. Write what he hal 4 a) Look at the table below. Ask and
answer questions, as in the example.
or hasn 't done. Use already
o r yet. . .. .
Sarah your friend
.J)JJJJJJJJ)JJJ)) ,......... " .... .

• visit Big Ben ,f

• buy postcards for his
family ,f
x
• take a walk to ., ..
Buckingham Palace X
• take lots of photos X
./ ./
• go shopping ,f
• go on a boat ride on the
River Thames X

1 John has already visited Big Ben.

X ./
2
3 ...................................................................
4 1 Tom J play tennis?
5 ·.................................................................. A: Has Tom ever played tennis?
6 ................................................................... B: Yes, he ha'
2 Sarah J play tennis?
Co mplete the following questions using A: ............................................................ .
3 the verbs from t he list In the present B: ............................................................ .
perfect. Then answer about yourself. 3 Tom and Sarah J do ka rate?
A: ............................................................ .
• dive • take • tell • drive
B: ................................ ...... ...................... .
• run • be
4 Tom J try bungee jumping?
1 A: Have you ever told a lie?
A: ........................................................... ..
B: Yes, I [Link], I haven 't.
B: ............................................................ .
2
. car.
A: ............. ........................... a racing ,
5 Sarah J try bungee jumping?
B: ............................................................. A: ....................................................... ..... .
3 A: ................... .......... ..... from a waterfa ll? B: .............................................................
B:
4 A: ........................... .................. to Rome? b ) In pairs ask and answer questions,
B: as in the example. Then, complete the
table In Ex . 4a .
3 A: ......................................... a marathon?
B: A: Have you ever played tennis?
. un derwater., B: Yes, I have./Na, I haven't.
6 A: ...... ...................... pictures
B: .............................................................
MOI>ULE 7

116
5 Read the sentences and circle t he
correct meaning . 6 Put the verbs in bra ckets Into the
correct f orm of the prel ent perfect.

1 I have been to Spain . 1 A: Have YOll seen (yo u/ see) my dad 's stamp
a I'm in Spain now. collection?
b I went to Spain and have come back B: No, he hasn't shown (not/ show) it to
home . me yet.

2 He hasn't been to work since last Monday. 2 k Why is he so happy?

a He worked last Monday. B: He ...................................... (just/ pass)
b He didn't work last Monday and he's not all his exams.
wo rking now. 3 A: Do you like that perfume?
B: I don't know. I .................................... .
3 My parents have gone to london.
a My parents returned from London .
(never/s me ll ) it before.
b My parents are still in London. 4 A: ......... ........... ............... (yo u/ see) TIn a?
B:No, I ................................................... .
4 I've never been to a better Italian restaurant
(not/ speak) to her recently.
than this.
a This is the only Italian restaurant I've 5 A: How's Bill?
been to. B: I'm not sure. He ................................ _..
b I've been to other Italian restaurants but . .............. (not/ be) to school this week.
this is the best. 6 A: Can I borrow this book?
5
B: I'm sorry. r .........................•.............. ...
My brother has lost his car keys.
(not / finis h) it yet.
a My brother hasn't got his car keys now.
b My brother didn't have his caf keys in the
Make sentences using the w o rds below,
past, but he's got them now. 7 as in the example. Use fol' or since.
6 I've just cooked our lunch.
1 Mary/ be/a doctor/20 years
a I'm cooking ou r lunch now.
Mar}, has been a doctor for 20 yean.
b I'm not cooking our lunch any more.
2 loe/ play/ the guitar/1999
7 We have lived in London since 2008. . .......... ....... ..................... ............ ............. . .
a We still live in London. 3 Chris/be/ill/a week
b We don't live in London any more. ................................................................ ..
4 Jenny/not take/a holiday/years
8 I've seen two films this week.
................................................................
a The week is not over and I may see
5 We/not visit/our uncle/ages
another film as well.
b The week is over and I will definitely not
.................................................... .... - -
6 Sam/not be/to school/last Monday
see another film.
. ............................................... -.-._-.
9 She has been a doctor since 2007 . 7 They/be/friends/years
a She isn't a doctor any more. ............................................ .... .
b She is still a doctor. 8 Lucy/not speak/to james/ last ye¥"
........................................---
 Fill In the gaps with the correct words 10 Complete the text with the correct
from the list . form of the present perfect.

• since • for • yet • so far

1) !'{ H'lil h d
• never • just • ever • this week
(you/ever/hear) of
1 Dave and Sandy haven't seen each other for Apa Sherpa? Well, he
ages. 2) d.d ... ..... .. ... .
.. ............. (reach) the
2 I've been to three concerts ...... ............ .. Stop Cl'
top of the giant the ',rnate Change
this yea r. HImalayas Liv
mountain, Everest,
3 Paul has finished his
almost every year since ' ,•.;._ _- - : - - - -
homework. He finished it two minutes ago. 1990. He 3) ........ ........ ........................ . (climb) Mt
4 Have you planned your summer holidays Everest successfully 20 times so far In his life. Th is
.....................? world record means that Apa 4) .................... ..
5 I have .................... flown a helicopter in my .. ........................... (become) t he mount aineer that
all other climbers want to climb wit h. Even so, Apa
life.
5) ............................................... _._._ (take) part in
6 Have you .................... been to Peru?
unsuccessfu l attempt s to reach Everest's summit,
7 He has been a professional athlete too . The first time he made it to the top was after
.................... he was twenty. the fourth attempt. Since then, however, he
8 I have torn my jeans twice already 6) .......... .. .. ....... .. ..... .. ..................... (enjoy) much
better luck on the mounta in. When asked about his
special relationsh ip to Mt Everest, Apa sa id,
"Maybe she's watching over me, because she
Fill in the gaps with have/has been (to) 7) ........ _ ........................ . (let) me climb her so
9 or have/has gone (to) . many times."
se; >Pi ;
l
lane: Hi, Mark. Have you seen Debbie? Speaking
Mark: No. She 1) has gone to her grandmother's
house in Wales for the weekend.
1 In pairs, use the prompts and / or your
ideas to talk about your experiences.
lane: Really? I 2) ........... never ...................... ..
Wales . Have you? • eat caviar • swim with dolphins
Mark: Yes, I 3) ......................................... there • do a bungee jump • travel to Africa
once before, but my brother 4) ............. . • ride a camel
.................................. Wales many times.
A. Have Y( iI ever eaten caviar?
lane: That's great. I'd like to go one day. My
B: M I haven't. Have you ever ? ef'
parents 5) ...................................... away
for the weekend, too. They 6) ............... .
.............................. camping by the lake.
Writing
Mark: That sounds fantastic! If I were there now, 12 Use your answers from the Speaking
I'd be the happiest person alive! activity to write five sentences about
lane: Me, too. I'd love to take a trip! your experiences.

I have eaten sushi, but I've never eaten caviar:

I have

MOOUlE 7 (. j For Fllrther Practice see p. 150:

118

j
 • ..

Prese nt Perfect Past Simple

We use the present pe rfect for: We use the past simple for:
• actions which happened at an unstated • actions that ha ppened at a state d ti me in
time in the past . the past.
ha <; bought 1 la( and Mar] went I(
(When? We tt om 5el ,,~

don't know. The time ",) (When? Last

D)
is not stated.) Saturday.)

• a past action whose time is not mention ed

• a past action wh ose t ime is not me nti o ned and is not connected with th e present.
but is connected with N randma met
th e present. pw Dlmo.
ve B
(I might meet her
"*"" (She won't see he r
agai n; Pri ncess Diana is
again; she's still alive dead - period of time
- period of time not now finished.)
finished yet)
• action s which started
and finished in th e past. _=~L<:"<~
11 10 worked a a n 0(1.
• actions which started in cl jJl t
the past and still (Jul ia doesn't
continue. work as a primary
Wt ve been schoo l teacher now.)
y •
BUT Th oma s has worked as (] ary
(We were friends ten
x: Iv (Thomas
G
years ago and we are still friends today.)
is still working as a primary school
teacher.)
Time expression s used with the Time express ions used with th e past
present perfect: for, since, yet, already, simple: ago, yesterday, last week/month/
ever, never, just, so far, etc year/ Friday, etc

Match Column A to Column B.

1 .
ITIJ They went on safari a the ancient ruins in Rome last month.
[I[J We haven't seen b half an hour ago.
[ID The Browns visited c in Africa last year.
[ID I finished my homework d since she was ten years old.
[ID Ann hasn't travelled abroad e Sarah for two weeks.

MOOUl£ 7

119
 Put the verbs In brackets Into the Put the verbs In brackets Into the past
present perfect or the past simple.
4 simple or the present perfect.

1 Mr Jackson c imbed (climb) Mount Everest 1 A: H( ,e yl ") e been (you/ ever/ be) to the
last year. Pyramids in Egypt?
2 Anna .......................................... (not/go) B: Yes, I wen! (go) there last year.
skiing for months. 2 A: I ................ ...................... ..... (not/see)
3 ...................................... (you/eve r/ drive) Stuart for a long time!
a racing car? B: Really' I .................................... .. (see)
4 First, Alison ....................... (blow) out the him last week and he told me he's
candles, and then they ............................. . getting married next month.
(eat) the cake.
S Last week, Sarah ................... (fall ) off her 3 A: .................................... ...... (she/ be) to
horse and ........................ (break) her leg. the post office yet?
6 Celia ............................................ (begin) B: Yes, she ........ ................ (go) first thing
this morning.
playing tennis two years ago.
7 I ................................................. (not/ do) 4 A: ..................................... (yo u/ ever/ fly)
araons(aOl. .-- ... ._'
B: Really? I ...................................... (see)
4 First, Alison ....................... (blow) out the him last week and he told me he's
candles, and then they ............................. . getting married next month.
(eat) the cake.
S Last week, Sarah ................... (fall) off her 3 A: .......................................... (s he/ be) to
horse and ........................ (break) her leg. the post office yet?
6 Celia ............................................ (begin) B: Yes, she .... .................... (go) first thing

playing tennis two years ago. this morning.

7 I .............. ... ............................... . (not/ do) 4 A: .. ................................... (you/ever/ fly)
araCing -c~ar{l. ,--... ._'
B: Really? I .......................... ............ (see)
4 First, Alison ....................... (blow) out the him last week and he told me he's
candles, and then they ............................ .. getting married next month.
(eat) the cake.
S Last week, Sarah ................... (fall ) off her 3 A: ...... .................................... (she/ be) to
horse and ........................ (break) her leg. the post office yet?
6 Celia ............................................ (begin) B: Yes, she ........................ (go) first thing

playing tennis two years ago. this morning.

7 I ................................................. (not/do) 4 A: ..................................... (you/ ever/ fly)
araong canl. '.. -... -_.
B: Really? I ...................................... (see)
4 First, Alison ...................... . (blow) out the him last week and he told me he's
candles, and then they ............................. . getting married next month.
(eat) the cake.
S Last week, Sarah ................... (fa ll) off her 3 A: ...................................... .... (she / be) to
horse and ........................ (break) her leg. the post office yet?
6 Celia ............................................ (begin) B: Yes, she ..... ................... (go) first thing

playing tennis two yea rs ago. this morning.

7 I ................................................ . (not/ do) 4 A: ..................................... (you/eve r/ fly)
araOrig -Canl. •. - .. -- --'
B: Really? I .................................... .. (see)
4 Fi rst, Alison ....................... (blow) out the him last week and he told me he's
candles, and then they ............................ .. getting married next month.
(eat) the cake.
 Circle the correct Item . Put the verbs In brackets Into t he
5 7 present perfect or the past .simple.
1 Have you ...... Mary?
A see B saw C seen
rinG: 11) haven't seen (not/see) you for ages!

~~:~:a\'I; :~;~y;olr ~~~.. ~.~~.~~~.~~~......

2 I bought this mobile phone a week ...... .
I sandra:
A since B ago C yet
Tina: Really? Why?
3 Claire and Sarah ...... never been to Australia.
Sandra: I'm training for a marathon.
A have B is C has
rina: That's great!
4 Tim has worked as an arch itect ...... three Sandra: And guess what! Last week, I 3) ........ .
years. (run) in a 10 km race and I 4) ............... .
A in 8 since C for (win) a medal.
Tina: Wow! Cong ratulations! But,S) ..........
5 We ...... this museum a million times!
C visit (you/ever/ run)
A have visited B visited
a marathon before?
6 I ...... my dog to the vet last Saturday. Sandra: No, this will be my first. I 6) ............... ..
A take B took ......................... (already/sta rt) training
C have taken and I think I'm almost ready.
7 lake and Tom have ...... to the cinema. rinG: Well, let me know if you need any help. I
They'll be back in about an hou r. 7) ............................................. (t rain)
A been B went C gone for a big tennis competition last year, and
I 8) .................... (get) a lot of help from
8 It's been really cold ...... yesterday.
my coach. Maybe I can give you some
A since B before C yet
advice, too.
Sandra: Thanks! That sounds like a great idea!
Fill In the blanks with the time adverbs
6 from the list below.
Use the time expressions to write
• in 2006 • for • never • so far 8 sentences about yourself .
• since • yet • ago • al ready • ever
• last week • just • never • for
1 He's lived in Africa for twenty years! • yet • last summer • since • already
2 They bought their house ................... .
1 J went to tht modern art gallery last week.
3 We haven't made any new friends ........... .
4 I haven't seen Nora ................... 2008. 2
5 She's .... ............... dived from a waterfall. 3
She's too afraid to try it. 4
6 Have you .................. met a famous person? 5
7 Did you call me two days .................. ? 6 ..................................................................
8 Why should I buy this book? I've .............. . 7
read it twice. 8
9 I have lived he re ........... ....... one month.
10 We have moved twice .................. .
 "

- ~ .~
" "

In pairs, act out d ialogues, as In the Complete with the present perfect or
e xample. the past simple.

1 be / to Australia?
(When?)
He. :J ver bl
Hi Canie,
Sonia and I are now on our beach holiday. We 1)
Australia?
(arrive) in Hawaii three days ago, but we 2) .....
8 Yes, I have.
.................. ................ (already/do) lots of things!
A. When did YOIl gc '} Yesterday, we 3) ... .. .. .. .. .................. (go) to the beach near our
B: I went m 2lJ07. hotel. but it 4) ........ ......................... (be) very crowded so we
5) ................ ............ (walk) 10 another one nearby. We
6) ........................................... (dive) into the water and
7) ........................................... (see) some dolphins swimming
2 eat / mushrooms? around. It was a wonderful experience!
Guess what! We 8) ............................................ .
(When?)
(already/try) snorkelling, too! Some people were brave enough
10 feed the sharks, but we 9) .....
(noVhave) the courage to do it yet!
10) ............... .
(you/make) any holiday plans?
Email soon!
3 travel / by train?
Chloe
(Where?)

Speaking
I Read the notes about Kristen Stewart,
a famous actress. In pairs, ask and
4 play / footbal l?
answer questions about her life using
(When?)
the phrases below. Use the past simple
or the present perfect.

• be born/9th April' 990

• grow up/the USA
• acting career/begin/ at the
5 drink / a milkshake? age of eight
(When?) • star/in many fi lms/so fa r/ such
as The Twilight, Panic Room and
Zathura
• already/win several awa rds

Writing
6 ri de / a bike
Use your answers from the Speaking
(Where?) 1 activity to write a short paragraph
about Krlsten Stewart.

kmll dewQrd \11 05 b

MODULE7 C
. ] For Further Practice ~ee pp 1sO-lsD
122
 • •

Question Tags

great!
.. You'ojay,
haven
.,..,..;.
r s~e~
have en~Je~
you ?ff~~::;::=l~
No

Question tags are short questions that we put at the end of statements.
Form
• We form question tags with the auxiliary or • The following verbs &: expressions form
the modal verb of the main sentence and question tags differently.
the appropriate subject pronoun. I am - aren't I?
Mary IS ~/ef JIW1, isn 't she? Tl fir aren 't I
Hf 'on dfl", can 't he?
Don't - t wi ll you?
• When the verb of the sentence IS In the
Don't talk, will you ?
present simple, we use do(n't) / does(n't)
in the question tag. Let's - shall we?
B ves L I jun, doesn 't he. Let 's go, shall we .?
• When the ve rb of the sentence is in the past I have (got) (possession) 'haven't I?
simple, we use did(n't) in the question tag. I've gal a nice house haven 't I?
YOLl didn't call Keith, did YOU ,7 She's got a dog, hasn 't slle ?
• A positive statement takes a negative 1 have (other meanings) - , don't I?
question tag. Y; lOVe dinne at 8 ock don 't you.
~h )eel' C if' hasn 't she
(=You eat dinner.)
• A negative statement takes a positive I(ell~ hm a sf, )wer very mornmg, doesn 't she?
question tag. (=She takes a shower.)
Wf haven't got nough money, have we }
• When the sentence contains a word with a There is - isn't there?
negative meaning, like never, rarely, seldom ~al ar< isn 't there l

or hardly the question tag is positive. ThisfThat is - isn't it?

YOtl ra rely at "leat, do you . Th 13 Mr Brrwl 's offICe, isn 't if"

Use El Intonation

We use question tags in oral speech in order to:

• confirm something. Here our voice goes down • to find out if something is true or not ~

because it isn't an actual question. (We're sure. our voice goes up. (We aren' t sure l art
We're only inviting the listener to agree with us.) actual question.)
SI got a /-. O! 'Ill. hasn 't she: (~ Y Idn t call John, did you ("--'

:23
 • •

1 Underline the correct question tag. 3 Fill In the correct queltlon tags.

1 A: She rarely drinks coffee, 10{ It ?

1 Your brother has tried bungee jumping
B: No, she doesn't. She usually drinks tea.
before, didn 't he/hasn't he?
2 This is Or Jenning's surgery, isn't this/ isn't it? 2 A: Shakespeare wrote Romeo and /uliet,
3 Katrina and her mum went shopping, didn't
they/ did th ey? B: Yes, he did. He wrote Hamlet, too.
4 They never eat meat, d o th ey/d on 't they?
3 A: You don't speak Chinese, .................... ?
5 Don't shout, will yo u/ won't you?
B: Yes, I do. I also speak Arabic.
6 They have lunch at 2 o'clock, haven't they/
don't they? 4 A: Matt's got two dogs, .......................... ?
7 There were a lot of peop le at the party, B: Yes, he has. He loves them!
were n't there/weren't they?
5 A: Don't be late, ,
8 You've got two child ren, don't you/ haven't
B: No, I won't.
you?
9 There isn't an art gallery near here, is there/ 6 A: He's been to Asia, ............................... ?
is it? B: No, he hasn't. He doesn't really like
10 I'm younger than you, aren't I/ am I not? travelling.

7 A: l et's go shaping, ................................ ?

Add question tags to the following
2 statements.
B: Great idea!

8 A: You like eating chocolate, ................... ?

1 You're fourteen years old, aren't you? B: Yes, of course I do.
2 They live near the lake, ............................. ?
3 You didn't finish you r homework, ............. ? 9 A: You're in the school football team,
4 laura's got a new car, .......................... ..... ? ............................ ?
5 We won't go shopping today, ........ .... ....... ? B: No, I'm not. I play for the basketball
6 Brian is very tall, ........................ ? team.
7 They weren't late for school, ..................... ? 10 A: Mr and Mrs lones have got grandchildren,
8 Both your parents are doctors, .................. ? ............................ ?
9 You've been to Paris, ................................ ? B: Yes, they have.
10 let's go to the cinema, ............................. ?
11 Th ey used to be best friends, .................... ? 11 A: They don't eat meat, .......................... ?
12 lane hasn't got a car, ................................ ? B: No, they don't. They're vegeta rians.
13 They never go to the cinema, ................... ? 12 A: Carol isn't a dancer, ............................ ?
14 Don't call her again, ................................. ?
B: No, she isn't, but she's good at gymnastics.
15 You have breakfast at 9 every day, ............ ?
16 This is your dad's car, ................................ ?
17 Don't stop talking, ................................ ?
18 I'm not very short, ................................. ... ?

MODULE 1

124
 •
Look at the pictures
4 and complete the 6 Fill in the correct question togs an d
then read the sentences with t he
sentences with
correct intonation.
question togs.
sure not sure
,/
1 You ate breakfast,
didn't you?

,/
2 You've got a computer,
.. ........ .... ........... .?
3 Ma rk's swimming in the
,/
sea, .. ............. .. .... .. ... ?

,/
4 It's ten o'clock,
.......................... ,
5 She missed the bus again,
,/ .... ....... ........... .... ?

Speaking
In pairs, form question tags using the
7 information below and / or your own
ideas, as in the example.

1 He looks happy, doesn't he?

The Camel
2 This is a bull, ............................. ?
3 She's slicing a tomato, ............................. ? • it is an
4 You've swum with dolphins, ..................... ? amazing
5 Let's do some work on the house, an imal
................................... ? • it can su rvive in
really hot
climates
5 Fill In the correct question tags. • it lives in the desert
• it has got a long neck like a gi raffe
1 A: Yo u're new here, aren't you? • camels have got one or
B: Yes. We moved here t hree days ago. two humps on their back
2 A: You have n't seen George t hi s week, • camels can travel long distances without
.............................. ? [Link] water
B: I saw him yesterday. • people use camels to carry heavy goods
3 A: You will remembe r to pay the bills today, • people also ride camels
.. .............. ................... ?
B: Of course. Don't worry.
4 A: Jo's party is tomo rrow, .. ............... ......? A. The camel is an amazing animol, Isn't '1
B: Yes. I can't wa it! B: Yes, it IS. It can survive in really hot cl fTI
can't It? elc

""""" ,
125
 Exploring Grammar (Units 16-18)

• • Present Perfect vs Past

a) Read the text and underline all the
verbs In the present perfect. Which refer Name the tenses of the verbs in bold in
to: the sentences (1-3) and then match
• experiences? them to their uses. Which of these uses
• actions which happened at an can you find in the dialogue? Give
unspecified time in the past? examples.

b) What other uses of the present a actions that happened at a stated time in
perfect do you know? the past
b a past action whose time is not mentioned
c) How do we form the negative and and is not connected with the present
the interrogative of the present perfect? c a past action whose time is not mentioned
Find examples In the text . but is connected with the present

A: lames, have you ever driven a racing car?

CID We met Samantha last Sunday.
B: No, I haven't, but my brother Dan has.
[ID I've met Ribanna.
You've met Dan, haven't you?
[]I] He met Princess Diana.
A: Yes, [ met him a few years ago at Jenny's
birthday party. He's a teacher, isn't he?
B: Well, he worked as a teacher for four years, Put the verbs in brackets Into the
but now he is a rally driver! present perfect or the post simple.
A: That's so impressive! Has he taken part in any 1 Joanna ..................................... (not/win)
races? the award last year.
B: He's taken part in quite a few so far. 2 It ........................................ (be) very hot
A: Is he taking part in the Paris - Dakar rally this since Satu rday.
year? 3 ......................................... (you/ever/try)
B: Yes, he's already started training for that. bungee jumping?
A: I've never told you this, but my dream is to 4 Miranda .............................. (sell) her car.
become a rally driver. 5 Brian and Liz .................................. (buy)
B: Really? That's wonderful, Peter. a new flat last year.
A: Actually, I was wonde ri ng if I could speak to
Dan about this.
B: I'm sure we can arrange a meeting. The only
•
problem is Dan's so busy, I haven't seen him a) Circle all the question togs in the
since January. text. How do we form question togs?
A: Well, perhaps I could call or email him?
B: Definitely, that sounds like a great idea. Let's b) Complete the question tags below.
go and call him straight away, shall we? 1 You live in Pa ris, ........................ ... ....... .... ?
2 I'm last, ................................ .................. ?
3 Don't cry, ............................................... ?
4 There's someone in the room, ...... .... ...... ?

MOOUl[ 7

126
 Revision of Tenses

• Underline the c:orrect Item .

Put the verbs In brackets Into the past
7
5 simple.
1 Tom was playing/ pl ayed computer games
when the phone was ringing/ rang.
1 I ................................ (fa ll) down the stairs 2 Tom flew/w as flying to Turkey last summer.
yesterday morning. 3 Jenny woke up/was wa king up and then
2 John and Mary ................................ (go) went/ was going downstairs to make breakfast.
on holiday to Italy last week. 4 At 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon, Sue
3 My mum ................................ (make) a walked / was w alking home from school.
pizza fo r ou r lunch yesterday. 5 I w as surfing /s urfed the Internet wh ile my
4 Caro le ......... ....................... (buy) a new dad was li stenin g/listened to the radio.
dress two days ago. 6 Dave was jogging / jogg ed when he was
S Jim ................................ (study) for his slippin g/slipped on a banana skin.
exams last weekend.
6 The children ................................ (catch) • Past Simple Past
the bus to school last Friday.
C nt nuous
Put the verbs In brac:kets Into the past
Put the verbs In brackets Into the post
8 simple or the past c:ontlnuous.
6 simple.
1 My mum ............................. (cook) dinner
1 A: ......................... (you/ take) any photos when she ................................. (burn) her
on your trip in Spain? arm on the stove.
B: No. I ................... (not/ take) my camera 2 Cindy........................... (twi st) her ankle
with me. while she ......................... (pl ay) volleyball.
2 A: ................... (you / go) to Angela's party? 3 We ........ ., ....................... (wat ch) TV when
B: No, I didn't. I ........................ (forg et) the lights ................................ (go out).
about the party. 4 They................................ (study) when
3 A: What .............................. (you/ eat) for the fire ............................... (start).
dinner last night? 5 He ...................... (d ri nk) a cup of tea while
B: We .......................... (have) dinner in an she ......................... (read) the newspaper.
Italian restau rant. I ............... (eat) some 6 She ...................... (mix) the ingredients of
rice and linda ................. (order) pasta. the cake and then she ...................... (put)
4 A: ............................... (yo u/ do) anything it in the oven for 30 minutes.
interesting last weekend? 7 I .............................. (not / hear) my alarm
B: No, I ................................ (st ay) at clock this morning because 1 ..................... .
home and ....................... (watch) TV all (s lee p) heavily.
3 A: What .............................. (you/ eat) for the fire ............................... (start).
dinner last night? 5 He ...................... (d rink) a cup of tea while
B: We .......................... (have) dinner in an she ......................... (read ) the newspaper.
Ital ian restaurant. I ............... (eat) some 6 She ...................... (mix) the ingredients of
rice and Linda ................. (ord er) pasta. the cake and then she ...................... (put)
4 A: ............................... (you/ do) anything it in the oven for 30 minutes.
interesting last weekend? 7 I .............................. (not/ hear) my alarm
B: No, I ................................ (st ay) at clock this morning because I .................... ..
home and ....................... (wat ch) TV all (slee p) heavily.
3 A: What .............................. (yo u/eat) for t he fIre ............................... (start).
dinner last night? 5 He ...................... (drink) a cup of tea while
 Countable/Uncountable Nouns

There is an apple. There are some apples. There is so me apple juice.

There isn't an apple. There aren't any apples. There isn't any apple juice.
Is there an apple? Are there any apples? Is there any apple juice?

cheese, meat, butter, honey, jam, salt,

pepper, sugar, flou r, etc.

milk, water, tea, lemonade, petrol, oil, etc.

gold, iron, silver, wood, paper, plastic,

g lass, etc.
Therl' is a pineapple Th~re are some
beauty, love, happiness, etc.
bananas and two oranges. There
hair, money, news, snow, furniture, aren't any cherries.
weather, advice, information, etc Are lherf any grapes . Yes there are.

• Cou ntable nouns are nouns which we can count and have both a singular and plural form .
'1e p 'n, tW{ pens, three pens
• Uncountable nouns are nouns which we cannot count and they usually have no plural form .
uq( (NOT: EIRe 5b1g9r/Sblg9(5)

However, we can use uncountable nouns, as well as plural countable nouns, after phrases of
qu a ntity / pa rtitives : a can/ jar / bottl e/ 91 a ss/ ca rton/ cu p / bowl / packet/ slice/ loaf / ki I0 / ba r/ 1u m p /
tin / piece, ete + of.
I US! al 'r drink two glasses of apple juice in th ,,)rni'lg.
pI 0 buy two pockets of peanuts.
• We use a/ an in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with countabl e nouns in the
Singular.
TI Pr! , 0 TV: The'e I n't 0 b d. I U·, ~re 0 df Ik?

• We ean use a/ an when there is an adjective before a noun . We don't use a/ an before adjectives
if they are not followed by a noun .
ThiS i' their hiluse. It is really big! Ir's also got 0 small garden .

• We use some in affirmative sentences with plural countable nouns and with uncountable
nouns . We b(lugh t some bis( ~/rs and some milk

Note: We can use some in interrogative sentences to make offers or requests.

Would you lik, some ice cream? (offer) Can I have some water, pJeo$ (request)

• We use any in negative and interrogative sentences with countable nouns in the plural and
un countable nouns. Ar tht any bl CUl ts in tht upboarrl: No, tf .re aren't any biSCUits.
Is ,J lere any flour? N< there isn 't any flour.

MOOUlEa

128
 Fill In: a, an, or some.
1 2 Put the nouns In the correct column.
Then, add two more nouns to each
column.

• vegetable • money • water • meat

an orange
• tea • spice • child • grape • biscuit
• cheese • egg • tulip • shop • milk
• pasta • orange juice • souvenir
• rice • bread • rose
2 ............ strawberries

vegetable, ................... .

3 ............ tomato

........................................................................

4 ............ apple
3 Fill in: a, an, some or any.

1 A: Do you want some sugar in your coffee?

B: No, thank,! But, I'll take ........... milk.
5 ............ orange juice
2 A: Are there ........... Italian restaurants near
here?
B: Yes, there are. There', ........... really nice
one at the end of the street.
6 ............ lemon
3 A: I'm thirsty! Can I have ........... orange
juice?
B: Yes, of course. Pour ........... glass for me,
7 ............ bread too.

4 A: Did you go shopping yesterday?

B: Yes, I did. I bought ........... lovely dress
and ........... accessories.
8 ............ sugar
5 A: Are you going to buy ........... butter for
the cake?
B: No. We've got ..................................... .
at home.
9 ............ egg
6 A: Did you have breakfast this morning?
B: Yes, I had ........... bowl of cereal and
........... egg.
10 ............ biscuit

129
 Look at the picture, then use the Read the note Jenny left for Carrle and
4 words to make sentences, as in the fill in the gaps, as In the example.
e xample. Use some or any.

• cheese • lemons • bread • sugar Carrle, I'll be late [Link] from work. Can you
• cake • milk • water • butter do the shopping for me? Here's what we need:
• tea • biscuits • apples' • jam
some cereal (packet)
two packets DJ cereal
2 some meat (klto)
one .......................................... .... .
3 some bread (loajJ
two .............. ... .. .... ... ... .. .... ................ .
4 some jam Qar)
three .. .. ..... ........ . .
5 some chocolate (bar)
a .... ............... .
6 some cola (canJ
jour ............. .

1 There isn 'f any cheese on the table. - .. ; .. "

2 There are some lemons on the toble _
3 .................................................. .... ............ Match the words . Then, in pairs, act
4 7 out short exchanges, as in the example.
5
6 a can of bananas
7 a carton of coffee
8 a bottle of tea
9 a jar of pasta
10 a box of bread
11 a bag of orange juice
12 a packet of Coke
a kilo of sugar
a cup of ketchup
Now look at the picture from Ex . 4
5 again for a minute, Then, close your
a loaf of matches

books and take turns to ask each other

questions, as in the example.
A: (an I havp a can of Coke, pleme ·
A. Are there any apples on the table] B: Yes, )f cotlfSe. Would you like a wrtol1 of
B: No, there aren't .. ,." too?
A. 15 there any ... ? ere A: Yes, lure

MODULE 8

130
 Circle the correct answer. Speaking
8
1 Could you buy ......... bread from the bakery 10 You and your partner are going to the
on your way home? supermarket. Look at the list below
A a B any © some and decide what you need to buy. Use
the dialogue in Ex.9 to help you.
2 Are there ......... eggs in the fridge?
A an B any C some bread X chocolate
milk .' tea
3 How much is a ......... of orange juice?
bananas pasta
A box B packet C carton tomatoes cereal
orange juice eggs
4 Can you give me ......... information?
A an B some C any
A. Let's make a list of what Wf need from the
5 Ully's bedroom is really ......... .
supermarket!
A a big B big C big room
B: OK. We got two loaves of bread, so we don't
6 Can I have ......... of cake? need allY bread.
A. Have we got any milk?
A some piece B piece C a piece
B: No, we haven't got any. We can get two
7 I don't want ......... sugar in my tea. cartons. ele.
A any B some C a

8 A: Are there any biscuits in the jar? Writing

B: No, there aren't ........ .
What do you need from the
A any B one C some
supermarket? Write a note to your
mum . Use the list you made in Ex. 10.
Underline the correct Item.
9
Sam: I'm going to the supermarket. Let's
make a list of what we need!
Mum,
Anna: We haven't got 1) any/so me fruit. You
He re's wh at we need f rom th e supe rmarket:
can buy a 2) kilo/ box of apples and
3) an / some oranges. - two ca rto ns of mi lk
Som: No problem! What about cheese?
Anna: We've got 4) a /some cheese, but there
isn't 5) a ny/some milk. Can you buy a
6) packet/ carton, please?
Sam: Yes, of course! Anything else?
r han ks,
Anna: Yes. I ca n make a 7) loaf/ packet of
bread today, but I need a
8) bottle/ bag of flour. And you can
buy six 9) cans/ jars of Coke, too!
Sam: Perfect! Is that everything?
Anna: Yes, that's it. Thanks!
MOOULE B

131
 • compounds

Some/Any/No/Every + compounds

They are 01/ somewhere In ... IHe s a picnic table

tJ e (ounrry_~lde The man somewhere in the pall"
01' the table ;5 saymg There IS nobody sitting
something Everybody IS there There isn't
le okmg Qf him. anything 011 the ta ble

Determiners some any not/not any every

no one/
someonel anyone! not anyone everyonel
somebody anybody
people
nobody/ everybody
Pronouns
not anybody

something nothingl
anything everything things
not anything

Adverbs
nowherel
somewhere anywhere everywhere places
not anywhere

• We use some and its compounds (someone! c t r anything I-: (= It doesn't

somebody, something and somewhere) in matter what.)
positive sentences. We can also use them • We use no and its compounds (no one/
in interrogative sentences to make an offer, nobody, nothing, nowhere) in negative
a request or when we expect a positive sentences.
answer. rh rt WU5 nobody I kne\l' at tht: party.
Someone left tht windowopen. (= There wasn't anybody I knew at the party.)
COf I ge you something to eot? (offer)
W" u In something hr m 7 (request) • We use every and its compounds (everyone/
In I r,n some more tea, plel ,e? (we everybody, everything and everywhere)
expect a positive answer) in affirmative, interrogative and negative
sentences. We use a Singular verb with these
• We use any and its compounds (anyone, words.
anybody, anything, anywhere) in negative IV eve ything _
and interrogative sentences. (NOT: lio"" .,. everything?)
anyonE n !; rOtlm (negation) N everybody J
anything eel -01 d( I( yl 7 Everything r .:1y
(question)

We can also use them in positive sentences

meaning "It doesn't matter who/which!
what/where, etc".

MaaUlE 8

132
1 Underline the correct item . 14 Use something, someone, anything, anyone,
nobody or anywhere to complete the
1 Did anyo ne/so meo ne/ no one buy a sentences, as In the example.
present for Angela's birthday?
1 A: Do you need anythino from the
2 I'm shocked at Anna. She said any thing /
supermarket?
som ething/ no thin g which really surprised
B: Yes. Could you get me some cereal?
me!
3 Are you going anywh ere/ nowh ere/ 2 A: Did you hear that? t think ................... ..
eve rywhere nice this weekend? is at the door!
4 Could you answer the door? Anyo ne/ No B: Really? I'll go and see who it is.
o ne / Someo ne just rang the doorbell.
3 A: Have you seen my green jacket
5 I wanted to study at the library, but there
............................ ?
was someone / no one/anyone there. I
B: Yes. I put it back in your wardrobe.
worked at home in the end.
6 We need to go to the supermarket. There's 4 A: Are you going out with Dave tonight?
everything / anything/ nothing in the fridge. B: I don't know yet. I called his house but
7 We went to our favourite restaurant, but . ........................... answered.
there was nowhere/anywh ere/so mewhere
S A: Did ............................ pick the flowers
to sit. We went for a pizza instead!
up from the florist's?
8 Are yo u hungry? Did you eat nothing !
B: Yes. Jack went ea rlier this afternoon.
anything / everything for lunch?
6 A: I'm hungry. I'd like to eat ................... .

13 Fill in the gaps with every and its B: There isn't ...................... in the fridge,
but we can order something if you like.
compounds.

1 A: Where did overydtle go?

7 A: If you could go ............................ in the
world, where would you go?
B: To the park.
B: Well, I've always dreamt of visi ting
2 A: Did you enjoy you rself at the party last Egypt.
night?
B: Oh, yes! ........................ was wonderful! 8 A: Did ................... ........ remembe r to
water the plants while we were away?
3 A: What are you looking for? B: Yes. John watered them every morning.
B: My glasses. ,'ve looked ........................,
but' can't find them. 9 A: I'd like to tell you ............................, but
it's a secret.
4 A: Do you like swimming?
B: J promise I won't tell ........................... .
B: I love it! I go ......................... morning.
lO A: Did you do ............................ special at
S A: Is ............................... here?
the weekend?
B: No. We're still waiting for Terry and John!
B: Yes, I went to a pa rty, but there was
6 A: Did you have a nice time in New York? ............................ I knew there.
B: Yes, it was great! ............................ ..
was very friendly there.

MOOUL( •

133
 , Use something, anything, nothing, nobody, Use the words below to complete the
somebody and tile verbs in the list 1 email.
below to complete the sentences, as in
• nothing • everywhere • anything
the example.
• everything • something • everyone
• do • watch • bring • eat • wear
• talk • go • meet "Hi Fred!
1 There's always something good to watch on Greetings from Vienna! 1) Everyone is having a great
TV on Sunday evenings. time. We don't want to leave!
2 There's never ................. fun to ................ . 2) ............ .. ............. is very beautifu l. The city is full
in the city centre on Monday nights. of tree·lined streets and parks. There are also cosy
3 Jack ate all the pasta! There's ................. left cafes 3) ............... .. ........... .
to ................. in the house. Guess what? We went shopping today. I didn 't
4 Everyone is busy this weekend . There's buy 4) .. ...... .... ........... ... . for myself, but I got
................. to ...... ........... shopping with. 5) ....................... .... for you. It's 6)
expensive, but I'm sure you'lIlike it.
5 Come here, Sarah! There's ................. I'd
like you to ................. This is my friend, I have to go now. Will you be there when I get back
Harry. on Friday?
6 I'm cold! Have you got ................. warm I Let me know.
could ................. ? Simon
7 I'm going to Rome next week. Would you
like me to ................. you ................. back? Speaking
8 I was very lonely on the trip. I didn't have a
phone and I had ................. to . ............... to.
18 In pairs make exchanges, as in the
example.

16 Circle the correct answer. watch/film take/pictures

drink in the mornings work/at a restaurant

1 Does ......... have a pen I could borrow?

A someone ® anyone c eve ryone

2 I can't find my book. I left it ......... in the

living room.
A anywhere B nowhere C somewhere

3 I went to the new clothes shop, but I didn't

find ......... I like.
~
milk '
.• '
A anything B something C nothing

4 ......... in this film is famous. I haven't heard

-
of any of the actors.
A Eve ryone B Someone C No one

5 I had a great time in Barcelona. I've never

It's somewhere you watch a film.
been ............ so beautiful before.
8. A cinema. etc
A nowhere B anywhere C somewhere
MODULE 8

134
 •

Quantifiers

a lot Cof)/Iots Cof)/ a lot Cof)/Iots Cof)/

Ca) few/Ctoo) many Ca) little/Ctoo) much
Cnot) many (not) much
(how) many (how) much John has got a lot ofllots
of lemons. (many, plenty)
A lot of/ Lots of - Much - Many
• We normally use a lot of/ lots of in pos itive sentences with plural
countable nouns and uncountable nouns. We omit of when a
lot/lots is not fo llowed by a noun.
Pete's got a lot of/lots of books.
BUT Have you got many eggs? Ye.~, I've got a fotilots . (NOT: fJ let ef/
~
Bob has got a few lemons.
• We normally use much and many in questions and negations.
He can make a lemon pie.
Much goes before un countable nouns and many goes before
(not many, but enough)
plural co untabl e nouns. They can also go after too.
Is there much coffee in the ~up?
There isn't much honey left in the jar.
Have they got many pets? They haven't got many pets.
There are too many people on lhj bus.
There's too much pepper in the souc!:'
• We use how much and how many in question s.
Kevin has got (very) few
How much + uncountable noun (amount)
lemons. He can't make a
How much sugar do yoy want in your tea? Not much .. Dnly Q little.!
lemon pie. (a lm ost none)
A lot.
How many + countable noun (number)
How many eggs are there in the fridge? Three./Not many./A few./A lot.

A few/ few - A little/ little

• We use a few / few with plural co untabl e nouns (apples, pears, ete).
I've got a few orang es. 1'1/ make some orange juice. (= not many, but
Keith has got Q little sugar.
enough)
He can make a cake. (not
There are few crisps In the bog. I1's almost empty. (= hardly any/a lm ost much, but enough)
none)
• We use a littl e/little with uncountable noun s (milk, honey, water, ete).
Tom has got
I've gal a little money. I can buy Nick a present. (= not much, but enough)
(very) littfe
There's little ice cream. We haven't got enough for everyone. (= hardly
sugar. He
any/almost nothing) can't make a
• We can use few and littl e after ve ry. cake. (almost
He's got very few friends. none)
She's got very little money.

MODU LE 8

135
 1 Write a lot of, many or much. Complete the sentences with much,
many, a lot of, how much or how many.

1 A: H cerea l do you eat In the

1 There are a lot a/ tomatoes. mornings?
B: Not 11 '1. Just a small bowl.

2 A: How was your summer holiday?

2 There isn't ............ sugar.

-
!~[Link] t

3
B: Great! We had ....................... fun.

A: ................. people were at the concert?

B: Not ............... .......... About 50.

4 A: ................................. sa lad do you eat?

3 There aren't ........... eggs.

- 5
B: Not .................... I don't really like salad.

A: Were there ....................... big cats at

4 Th ere's ............. cheese. - the zoo?

B: Yes, there were ....................... different
types.

6 A: ....................... money do you spend on

clothes?
5 There are ........... cherries.
B: Not ....................... .

7 A: ............................... eggs do you need?

6 There isn't ........... milk. B: Well, I need .......................... eggs. I'm
going to bake two cakes.

Circle the correct answer. 8 A: .................... milk is there in the fridge?

2 B: Not ...................... Th e ca rton's almost
1 There's .... ..... cheese in this pasta. empty.
A much B many ,£ a lot of 9 A: Did you have a nice time in Madrid?
2 How ......... tea do you drink in a week? B: We had a great time! We went to
A much B a little ( a lot of ....................... museums.

10 A: ............... does a kilo of tomatoes cost?

3 There are ......... souvenirs in th is shop.
B: Not ................................. Only £ 1 .25.
A much B many ( a lot of
11 A: Were there .............................. children
4 I like eating bread with ......... honey.
in the park?
A much B many C alotof
B: No, there weren't ............................... .
5 We can't bake bread. We haven't got ........ . It was too cold today.
flour.
12 A: You've got ................. ..... ......... food in
A much B many ( alotof
the kitchen .
6 There aren't ......... people on this bus. B: Yes, I know. We' re having some guests
A much B many ( few for dinner.

MODULE 8

l36
 •
4 Fill In with a lot of, much or many. 6 Fill In the gaps with (a) few or (a) little.

1 We haven't got much apple juice left. 1 A: Did you find anything you liked in the
2 There are .............. pears in the fruit bowl. music shop?
3 There isn't .............. water left in the vase. B: No. I looked at a few CD's, but they were
4 Were there .............. people at the party? too expensive for me.
5 We haven't got ............. biscuits left.
2 A: Is there any ice cream in the freezer?
6 Is there .............. bread in the cupboard?
B: I'm afraid there's very .......................... .
7 Carol hasn't got .............. money in her purse.
left.
8 My dad takes .............. sugar in his coffee.
9 There isn't .............. traffic today, so 3 A: Do you speak German?
the roads are quiet. B: No. I know very
10 Are there .............. children at your school? words only.

Underline the correct word. 4 A: Did you see anything you liked in the
5 jeweller's shop?
1 A: Are you doing anything tonight? B: Oh, yes! There were
B: Yes, I'm having a few/a little friends pieces I liked a lot.
over for dinner.
5 A: How much milk do you want in your coffee?
2 A: How is your tea? B: Not much. Only ...................... , please.
B: It's quite sweet. You must have added
6 A: Are you going to make a carrot cake?
too many/too much sugar.
B: I can't. I've only got very ..................... .
3 A: Have you read much/ma ny books? carrots.
B: No, I haven't. I've only read very a few/
a few.
7 Fill In with too much or too many.
4 A: What did you eat today?
B: I had a sandwich and then I had a few / 1 Sharon's got too many dresses. She hasn't
a little biscuits with a cup of tea. got a big enough wardrobe for them all.
2 Don't eat ................................... chocolate.
5 A: We've only got a few/a little cheese left.
It's bad for your teeth.
B: Would you like me to go out and buy 3 That coat costs .................................... .
some/any? money. I can't afford it.
[Link] 1\10, I naven '[' I ve onlY reaa very a Jew/
a few .
7 Fill In with too much or too many.
4 A: What did you eat today?
B: I had a sandwich and then I had a few / 1 Sharon's got too many dresses. She hasn't
a little biscuits with a cup of tea. got a big enough wardrobe for them all.
2 Don't eat ................................... chocolate.
5 A: We've only got a few/a little cheese left.
It's bad for your teeth.
B: Would you like m€ to go out and buy 3 That coat costs .................................... .
some/any? money. I can't afford it.
[Link] 1\10, I naven '[' I ve onlY reaa very a Jew/
a few.
7 Fill In with too much or too many.
4 A: What did you eat today?
B: I had a sandwich and then I had a few / 1 Sharon's got too many dresses. She hasn't
a little biscuits with a cup of tea. got a big enough wardrobe for them all.
 Read the conversation between Charlie and Flona.
8 Then, underline the correct Item. 11 Complete with a Jot of,
much or many.

Charlie: What should we eat this evening?

Fiona: How about 1) a few/a little pasta?
Charlie: But we've eaten 2) much /a lot of pasta recently.
Venie
Fiona: You're right! We've got 3) a few/a little vegetables. There are 1) Q lot Of beautiful
We could make a salad. cities to visit in Europe. There
Charlie: That's perfect! So, what should I do? aren't 2) ............... .. cities as
Fiona: Well, we've got 4) very a few/a few tomatoes. You beautiful as Venice, though!
can chop them now. You can also slice 5) little/a Venice is known as the 'Floating
little cucumber. City' because it doesn't have
Charlie: OK. What about the lettuce? Is there enough? roads - only canals. It is actually
Fiono: Don't worry! We've got 6) many/a lot of lettuce. I'll
made of 117 islands connected by
3) ................. bridges. How
wash and cut that.
4) ............... bridges? Over 4001
Char/ie: Alright! Shall we start?
Visitors love Venice for its
wonderful hotels, romantic
Fill in the gaps with a lot, much or many.
9 atmosphere, and delicious Italian
food. So visit it as soon as you get
1 15 there any cheese in the fridge? Yes, but not much. the chance! And don't worry if
2 Has Fred got any money? Yes, he's got ... ..................... . you don't have 5) ................ .
3 Have we got any cherries? Yes, but not ...................... . money. There are
4 How much salt did you put on your chips? ................. . 6) ................. budget hotels
5 How much does that dress cost? Not ......................... . and restaurants in Venice, too!
6 Do you get homework every weekend? Yes, So, what are you waiting for?
7 Have you got any oranges left? Yes, ............................ .
8 Did you eat any pasta? Not ................... .. ................... .
Speaking
9 How many people we re at the beach? Not .................. .
10 Have you got plants in your garden? Not ... ................. . 12 Use the following words
and quantifiers to ask your
partner about his / her
10 Fill in the gaps with how much or how many. Then, neighbourhood .
answer the questions about yourself.
• park • quiet • people
1 How man' books do you read each year? Thr~t or four. • houses • bakery
2 ................ bread do you eat every day? ........................ . • supermarkets • schools
3 ................ films do you watch every month? .................... .
A. Is there a park in your
4 ................ money do you spend each week? ........... ..
neighbourhood?
5 ................ meals do you have in a day? ......... .... ........... .
B: No, there isn't .
6 ................ water do you drink every day?
7 ................ pairs of trainers do you have? ....................... .
8 ................
Writing
homework have you got for tomorrow?
13 Now write about your
neighbourhood .

MODULE 8

138
The Passive
The Tower of Pisa is located in
We form the passive with the verb to
Tuscany, Italy, and it is visited by
be in the appropriate tense and the
many tourists every year. Its
past participle of the main verb.
construction was started in 1174
The TV was invented by John Boird.

We form the passive of the present simple and past simple as follows:

Active Passive
Present simple The company employs 100 people. 100 people are employed by the company.

Past simple The company employed 100 people. 100 people were employed by the company.

Changing from Active into Passive

a) The object of the active sentence becomes
Subject Verb Object
the subject of the passive sentence.
b) The verb changes from the active form ACTIVE John Baird invented the TV
into the passive form (correct form of ve rb
to be + past participle of the main verb).
c) The subject of the active sentence Subject Verb Agent
PASSIVE The TV was invented by John 8aird.
becomes the agent in the passive sentence.
We in troduce the agent with by + person or
with + object/instrument.

Use

The Passive is used: The beans are left to dry in the sun. (process)
1 when the agent (= person who does the Dinner is served in rhe din ing hall. (notice)
action) is unknown , unimportant or The conference was held in Sheraton. (event)
obvious from the context. The new hospital was opened by the Mayor
My bag was stolen . (unk nown agent / We yesterday afternoon . (news item)
don't know who stole it. ) 4 to put emphasis on the agent.
The building was constructed in 118 9 Penicillin was discovered by Alexander
(unimportant agent) Fleming.
The robbers were arrested last Monday.
(obv iously by the police) Note:
2 to make more polite or formal statements. • When we want to find out who d id
The vase was broken. (more pol ite) something, then the passive is formed as
(You broke the vase. - less polite) follows:
3 when the action is more important than the Who wrote this book? (active voice) Who was
agent, as in instructions, processes, events, this book writ tell by? (passive voice)
notices and news items.
Passengers are asked la turn off their mobile
phones while boarding. (instruction)

MODUli I

139
 Circle the correct word . How is bread made? Rewrite the
1 3 sentences In the present simple passive
1 The new stadium ~ / is opened last form to describe the process.
weekend.
2 The Eiffel Tower is
thousands of tourists every day.
I was visited by 1 A baker mixes flour, yeast and
water.
1
3 The mayor was / is driven to the airport FloUl yeast and water is
yesterday. mixed by a baKer.
4 French and Spanish is / are taught at my 2 The baker kneads the dough.
school.

........ . .. . . .... . . . . . . . . . . · 1
5 The seeds are / were put in a jar in the 3 He bakes the dough for twenty-five
fridge for a week before they used them. minutes.
6 This dress is / was made for me by my mum .
7 Romeo & Juliet is / was written by Shakespeare. 4 He puts the dough into an oven.
8 The Empire State Building was / were built ..................... ....... .............................
in1931. 5 He takes the bread out of the oven. ..
9 Australia was / is discovered by Captain
Cook. 6 He displays the bread on a shelf in his bakery.
10 Twenty people are I were killed in the plane
crash last Monday afternoon. 7 A custome r buys the bread fro m the baker.

Fill in: is, are, was or were.

2 Rewrite the sentences In the past simple
1 The Eiffel Tower was built by an architect 4 passive form . Use the agent where
called Alexandre Gustave Eiffel. necessary.
2 They d id n't go to the party because they
1 A famous actor opened the new mall.
.............. not invited.
Thf. new mall was opened by a famous actor.
3 Feta cheese .............. made in Greece.
2 The ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.
4 I didn't fly to India because all the flights
.............. cance ll ed.
3 Picasso painted Guemico.
5 The tra in s .............. cleaned every night.
6 Many bu ild ings .............. destroyed in the
4 The French gave the USA the Statue of
earthquake.
Liberty.
7 This cake ..... ......... made with cream.
S Barcelona .......... .... visited by a lot of
5 John Pemberton first produced Coca Cola in
tourists every year.
the 19th Centu ry.
9 Dinner ........... served at 9 o'clock last night.
10 Hundreds of books .............. borrowed from
6 C.S. Lewis wrote The Chronicles of Nomio
the library every day.
series.
11 A lot of new shops .............. opened in the
city centre last year.
12 Two people ............. . rescued by the
firefighters yesterday.
MODULElI

140
 ••

Put the verbs In brackets into the palt 7 Fill In by or with.

simple ponive.
1 This boat was made by my uncle.
The museum 1) WI Jfoken nto (break into) by 2 The skyscraper was built ............ two hundred
two masked men last night. The police workers.
2) ................................... (call) by some local 3 A piua is topped ............ tomato sauce and
residents. One of the men 3) .............................. . cheese.
(catch) a few miles from the house. The 4 That picture was painted ............ oil paints.
other man escaped, but S The library was broken into ............ three
4) ................................... (find) men.
later at night. Both men RI·'"" 6 The tickets were paid for ............ my dad's
5) ..................................... . credit card.
(take) to the local police 7 This song was written ............ my uncle.
station where they S The room was decorated ............ colourful
6) ........................................ . balloons.
(question) by police officers. 9 The bank was robbed ............ two men
After that, the dressed in black.
7) .................................. . 10 Wow! Your balcony is filled ............ flowers
(charge) with and plants.
burglary. They will
appear in court today. Complete the sentenc:es. Use the verbs
in the list In the present limple pan;ve
or the past llmple pan;ve.
Matc:h the c:olumns to form sentenc:es
• change • sell • prepare • deliver
In the past simple paS1;ve.
• steal • plant • design • make
A B c
1 A famous painting W05 st~) r from the art
The Taj Mahal\ invent Leonardo da Vinci gallery last night.
The film Avatar hold Beijing, China 2 Hundreds of books .................................. ..
The Mono Lisa build Alexander by the bookshop every day.
Graham Bell 3 The water in the swimming pool .............. .
The telephone direct
........................ every winter.
The 2008 pull down 1989
4 The letters .................................. to all our
Olympics paint 17th century customers last week.
The Berlin Wall James Cameron S This jam ........................ from wild berries.
6 All the meals at this restaurant
1 r Taj Mohal wm IlllI " 1 tI "11tH
........................ by our chefs.
2
7 These summer dresses .............................. .
3
by students at the art school.
4
8 New flowers ................ ... ..................... ..... .
5
in the city parks every spring.
6

MODUlE'

141
 Put the newspaper headlines into the Fill In the gaps with the present simple
past limple pan/ve. passive or the past limp le passive of the
verbs in brackets.
~
=
FIRE DAMAGED TOWN HALL
j 1 A: Where did you buy this table?
® VOLCANO DESTROYED TROPICAL ISLAND B: I didn't buy it. It wus given (give) to me.
2 A: What time are we having dinner ton ight?
® RESCUERS SAVED 5 CLIMBERS . B: As always, dinner ................................ .
® MAYOR OPENED NEW CONCERT IIJILL , (serve) at 10 o'clock.

2 [Link] IN CAR CRASH r 3 A: I wish we lived closer to a cinema.

@) MAN ARRESTED FOR ROBBING T;:'O BANKS I 4

B: There is one. A new cinema ................ .
............... (ope n) in the mall last week.
A: When did the ancient Greeks build the
, The. town hall wu.s damaged by a fire Parthenon?
2 B: It .... ......... . (build) about 500 years ago.
3 S A: Why are you walking to work?
4 B: The roads ... ...................... (close) today,
S so I can't drive.
6 6 A: When .............. the house ......................
o Use the words to write questions and
answers, as in the example.
(burgle)?
B: Last night.

1 the telephone/invent? - Alexander Graham Bell

Who wa~ the telephone invented by?
7. Rewrite the sentences In the present
limple panive or the past simple passive.
It was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
2 Empire State Building/complete? -1931 1 The supermarket employs over 100 people.
When ...................................................... ? Over 100 people are employed by the
supermarket.
3 hamburgers/made with? - beef and salad in 2 Tour guides take visitors around the city's
a bun tree-lined streets.
What ........................................................ ?

4 The Lord of the Rings/write? - J.R.R. Tolkien 3 My uncle bought me these souvenirs from
Who .......... .... ........ ... .......................... ... ..? New York.

5 the idea of the Internet/develop? - 1960s

When ...................................................... ? 4 Many people speak English.

6 the tallest cinema in the world/locate? -

Glasgow 5 Michael prepared the snacks for the party.
Where ..................................................... ?

MODULE 8

142
 ,.

1 Complete with the correct passive tense. 15 Put the verbs in brackets Into the
correct passive form.

Mike: Hi Sally! How are you?

Sally: I' m fine Mike, thanks. I've just started my
Great Louvre
History project for school. The Louvre is one of the largest
museums in the world and it 1) is
Mike: That's nice! What's it about?
located (locate) in Paris, France.
Sally: It's about the Egyptian Pyramids. Did you
Did you know that it 2) .................. ..
know that one of the Seven Wonders of the (first build) as a fortress? After that, it
ancient world was a pyramid? It 1) WOl 3) .......................... (use) as a palace by the
modI (make) by a pharaoh called Khufu. royal family. Then, the royal palace
Mike: I didn't know that. What 2) ............ ..... ... . 4) ......................... (move) to Versailles by
King Louis XIV. That's when the Louvre
(the pyramid/call)?
5) .. .. " ...................... (turn) into a place to
Sally: It 3) ......................... (know) as the Great
hold valuable art and antiques. Eventually, it
Pyramid of Giza. It 4) ......................... . 6) ......................... (develop) into the museum
(build) around 2650 BC and it 5) ......... . we know today which 7)." ......................... .
......................... (believe) that it took 20 (visit) by thousands of tourists .
years to build. Around 2.3 million blocks
of stone 6) ................... (use) to build it. Speaking
I Mike: That sounds like a lot of work! 16 In pairs, use the information below to
Sally: It was! Th e Great Pyramid was also the ask and answer questions, as in the
tallest building in the world until the example.
Lincoln Cathedral 7) ........................... ..
• where/located • what/made of
(complete) in the year 1300.
• when/completed • who/designed
Mike: Wow! You've studied really hard. Good
• why/built _ _- ' "
luck with your project.
Sally: Thanks!

14 Rewrite the following text In the ponive.

A man stole a famous painting from the art gallery
last night. The security guard set off the alarm when
he saw the painting was missing. The police looked
for fingerprints at the scene. Some officers searched A. Where is the Colosseum /o(Qted?
the area nearby. The police arrested a man two hours B: It's located in Rome, Italy. ere
later. The police found him with the stolen painting.
Writing
A L... nous painting WQS . .. .. . .. ...... . . ..... ...... . • .. • ......•. 17 Write a short paragraph about the
Colosseum using the Information from
the Speaking activity. Use Ex. 15 as a
model.
c, IS [If I) 'UL In:..J f nom Italy.

MOD U ~ E 8

143
 Exploring Grammar (Units 19-21)

• e b) Underline the correct

item.
a) Read and underline the verbs In the passive. Which
1 are In the pt'e1ent simple and which are the past simple? 1 Would you like any thing /
How do we fonn the passive? When do we use It? something else to eat?
2 Hardly everyone/a nyone went
b) When can we omit the agent in the passive? to the party. It was very quiet.
3 I have to call John. I have
nothing / something important
Greenpeace was established in the early 19705. It was formed to tell him.
from different environmental groups that already existed at 4 I was looking for you
that time. Greenpeace was given wide media coverage due to
everywhere/somewhere.
its bold QctiortS, and this helped the organisation spread so
5 There is someone/no one at
quickly into the Greenpeace we know today. the door. Can you answer it,
These days, the Greenpeace organisation is involved in
please?
environmental work olt over the planet. It is recognised for
its work in protecting our wUdlife, too. Today, it is based in.
over 40 countries around the world. The organisation is not
•
a) Put the words/ phrases
financed by political groups or governments. It is funded by
almost 3 mUlion individuals worldwide.
4 in the list below in the
correct box. Find examples
in the text .
• Countable/Uncountable Nouns
• a lot of • much • many
• <,) little • <'1 few
Read the text and underline the correct word.
2 When do we use a/ an/ some/ any? Which of these
can you use to make an offer or a request?

'Mississippi Mud Cake' is 1) a/an rich chocolate cake that

you'll find inside most mothers' recipe books. While the b) How do a little/ little, a
Mississippi River is famous for containing 2) a lot of/many few/ few differ In meaning?
mud, the 'Mississippi Mud Cake' actually doesn't contain Give examples.
3) any/nothing mud at all - it just has 4) many/ a lot of
chocolate. c) Choose the correct item.
5) Someone/Everyone who eats chocolate is going to love
1 There isn't many/ much milk
this cake. As well as 6) lot/ lots of chocolate, the ingredients
left. I'll buy some.
include 7) any/ some sugar, butter, 8) a few/little eggs and
2 Don't eat too much / many
9) little/a little flour. And remember not to eat too
sweets! It's bad for your teeth.
10) many/ much of it.
3 Would you like a little/few salt
in your soup?
a) Which compounds of some and any are used for 4 1 ate much /a lot of ice cream
3 people, things and places? Find examples in the text. and now I feel sick.

MOOU LE 8

144
 Revision (Units 1-21)
Circle the correct Item .

1 Are you thirteen years old? No, I ...... . 14 lames lives around here, ...... he?
A haven't B isn't C 'm not A isn't B does C doesn't

2 There isn't ...... ice cream left in the freezer. 15 Last night, Emma and Alex ...... very bored.
A some B much C a few A are B were
C have been
3 Mrs lones isn't their teacher. She's ...... .
A ours B our C us 16 Anna is the girl sister is a famous
pops tar.
4 ...... any nice sung lasses in that shop.
A There are B The re isn't
A whose B which ( that

C There aren't 17 I ...... come tonight. I'm not sure yet.

A must B might C have to
S I think loe drives ...... fast.
A enough B much C too 18 ...... you help me lift this box, please?
A May B Ought ( (ould
6 ...... TV when I sent you an SMS?
A Were you watching 19 How many ...... were at the meeting?
B Did you watch A woman 8 women C womens
C Have you watched
20 That book ...... by a famous philosopher.
7 ...... you got any money? A wrote B was written
A Have B Are ( Do C are written
8 I don't ...... walk to school. 21 ...... dress is very beautiful.
A never B usually A These B That C Those
C sometimes
22 If you don't come to my party, I ...... really
9 What is Sam ...... now? upset.
A do B doing C does A wi ll be B am C to be
10 She ...... yet, has she? 23 I ...... to the cinema about twice a month.
A has decided B isn't decided A am going B go C goes
C hasn't decided
24 I like ...... hair long, not short.
11 I was very upset that ...... sent me a birthday A mine B my C me
card.
2S Nathan is ...... at English than me.
A anybody B somebody
A better B best C good
C nobody

12 He enjoys .......
A to cook B cooking C cooks

13 I ...... take piano lessons, but I don't any

more.
A use to B used to
C didn't use to ( points: 2s )
MOOOU,

145
 Revision of Tenses

• Pr sent Simple/Present Put the verbs in brackets into the

• LI.U 3 present limple or present continuous.
Put the verbs In brackets Into the
1 present simple or present continuous. A: Hi, Steve! It's lane.
8: How are you, lane?
1 Diane ................................ (live) in Berlin. A: Fine, thanks. I'm in Madrid now. I
2 What ............................ (you/ do) tonight? 1) ............................. (sit) in my hotel
3 John ......... (tidy) his room every Saturday. room at the moment.
4 .......... (yo u/eat) breakfast every morning? 8: 2) ...................... (you / have) a nice time?
5 My dad .... ....................... (wash ) his ca r at
A: Yes, I am. I 3) .............. ...... (get up) early
the moment. every morning and 4) ............................ .
6 The shops .................... ... ........... (close) at
(t ake) a wa lk around the City. I usu ally
9 o'clock on Thursday evenings.
5) ............................. (vi sit) one of the
7 What time ............................... (you/ start) museums in the afternoon.
work on Saturdays? B: I'm iealous! What 6) ..................... (you/ do)
8 I always ............ (read) before I go to bed.
tonight?
A: I 7) ............................ (meet) my friend,
Put the verbs In brackets Into the Marc. We 8) ....................... (go) to the
2 present simple or present continuous. cinema to see a comedy.
8: That sounds like fun !
1 A: ......................................... (you/ want)
A: I have to get ready now.
to go to the cinema tonight?
8: OK! Bye, Jane!
B: I'd love to, but I can't. I ................... .
(go) to the theatre with my parents.
Put the verbs in brackets Into the
2 A: ......................................... (Dave/ play)
video games now?
4 present simple or present continuous.
B: No, he .................... .. ............... (write)
an email to his friend.
Dear TOrty,
3 A: Paul.................... (look) very relaxed I 0 .................. (hope) you're well. 12) ............... ..
these days. (write) to tell you about my new school.
B: Yes. It's the summer holidays, so he I 3) ................... (go) to high school now. I'm in the
.................... (n ot / g o) to school. first year. The school is realty big, so , 4) ................. .
(meet) new people every day and they aU
4 A: How .................... (you / get) to school 5) ...................... (seem) very friendly.
every morning? J really 6) .................. (like) our History teacher and
B: I usually .................... (catch) the bus, J 7J ................... (find) the dasses very interesting.

but sometimes my mum .................. .. At the moment, we 8) ................... Oearn) about

ancient Egypt in dass. We 9) ................... (have) a
(drive) me there.
test about it next week. But, I'm not worried because
5 A: What time .................... (you / eat) lunch I 10) ................... (study) hard every night.
every day? What 10 .............................. (you/do) these days'
B: We usually .................... (have) lunch at 12) ............................ (you/get) homework to do
, o'clock, but today we every night, too? I hope to see you soon!

146
(go out) for lu nch at 2.
. ... . _.._--===--- -
Best wishes,
~O::.llg::a:.,-

ever da ? I What 11) ................. ~...... (u / ) Sthp~p rlnll~? I

 Revision of Tenses

• Underline the c:orrect Item .

Put the verbs In brackets Into the past
7
5 simple.
1 Tom was playing/ pl ayed computer games
when the phone was ringing/ rang.
1 I ................................ (fa ll) down the stairs 2 Tom flew/w as flying to Turkey last summer.
yesterday morning. 3 Jenny woke up/was wa king up and then
2 John and Mary ................................ (go) went/ was going downstairs to make breakfast.
on holiday to Italy last week. 4 At 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon, Sue
3 My mum ................................ (make) a walked / was w alking home from school.
pizza fo r ou r lunch yesterday. 5 I w as surfing /s urfed the Internet wh ile my
4 Caro le ......... ....................... (buy) a new dad was li stenin g/listened to the radio.
dress two days ago. 6 Dave was jogging / jogg ed when he was
S Jim ................................ (study) for his slippin g/slipped on a banana skin.
exams last weekend.
6 The children ................................ (catch) • Past Simple Past
the bus to school last Friday.
C nt nuous
Put the verbs In brac:kets Into the past
Put the verbs In brackets Into the post
8 simple or the past c:ontlnuous.
6 simple.
1 My mum ............................. (cook) dinner
1 A: ......................... (you/ take) any photos when she ................................. (burn) her
on your trip in Spain? arm on the stove.
B: No. I ................... (not/ take) my camera 2 Cindy........................... (twi st) her ankle
with me. while she ......................... (pl ay) volleyball.
2 A: ................... (you / go) to Angela's party? 3 We ........ ., ....................... (wat ch) TV when
B: No, I didn't. I ........................ (forg et) the lights ................................ (go out).
about the party. 4 They................................ (study) when
3 A: What .............................. (you/ eat) for the fire ............................... (start).
dinner last night? 5 He ...................... (d ri nk) a cup of tea while
B: We .......................... (have) dinner in an she ......................... (read) the newspaper.
Italian restau rant. I ............... (eat) some 6 She ...................... (mix) the ingredients of
rice and linda ................. (order) pasta. the cake and then she ...................... (put)
4 A: ............................... (yo u/ do) anything it in the oven for 30 minutes.
interesting last weekend? 7 I .............................. (not / hear) my alarm
B: No, I ................................ (st ay) at clock this morning because 1 ..................... .
home and ....................... (watch) TV all (s lee p) heavily.
3 A: What .............................. (you/ eat) for the fire ............................... (start).
dinner last night? 5 He ...................... (d rink) a cup of tea while
B: We .......................... (have) dinner in an she ......................... (read ) the newspaper.
Ital ian restaurant. I ............... (eat) some 6 She ...................... (mix) the ingredients of
rice and Linda ................. (ord er) pasta. the cake and then she ...................... (put)
4 A: ............................... (you/ do) anything it in the oven for 30 minutes.
interesting last weekend? 7 I .............................. (not/ hear) my alarm
B: No, I ................................ (st ay) at clock this morning because I .................... ..
home and ....................... (wat ch) TV all (slee p) heavily.
3 A: What .............................. (yo u/eat) for t he fIre ............................... (start).
dinner last night? 5 He ...................... (drink) a cup of tea while
 Revision of Tenses

9 Put the verbs in brackets Into the past 10 Put the verbs In brackets Into the past
simple or the past continuous. simple or the past continuous.

, A: What ...... ........ ...................... (happen)

to your arm? It was a fine autumn day. Arthur and JW
B: I ............ .... ............ (cycle) to my aunt's 1) ......... .... ...... . (walk) through the
house when I ...... .................... .. (crash ) forest together. They 2) .................... .... .. ..
into a tree. Thankfully, I ....... ...... ........... . (talk) about their science projects when Arthur
... .... .................. (not/ break) my arm.
3) ............... .. ...... (notice) an old house
2 A: ............................. (yo u/ meet) any film through the trees. They 4) .......... .. .... ....
stars when you ................... (visit) L.A.? (hear) a lot of stories about a haunted house in
B: Well, I ................................ (not/ meet) the forest when they we re young. Arthur and
any, but I ..................... ....... (see) some Jill 5) ...... ......................... (not/believe) the
when I ................................ (go) to the stories so they 6) .............................. .
cinema. Th ey were on the big screen! (no t/feeD scared. They 7J .. ............................ .
3 A: Where ................................... (you/ be) (decide) to go inside the house. They
last Sunday? 8) .................... ........... (o pen) the old wooden
B: Let me think! I ............................. (go) door and 9) ... (move) slowly
for a picnic with my family in the towards the stairway. They 10) ... .. .... ... ..
morning and then I ........................ ..... .
(go) upstairs when they 11) .......................... .
(meet ) some fri ends at night.
(see) a large shadow. They 12) .. .. ........ .
4 A: What .................................... (you / do) (turn) around and 13) ............................ ..
when I ............. .. ... ......................... ..
(see) a tall dark figure. Arthur and Jill
(ca ll) you la st night? 14) ...... ..... .......... .......... (scream) and
B: Noth ing interesting! I ...... ......... ........... . 15) ....... .......................... . (run) out of the
(watch) TV. house. While they 16) .... ... ............ .......... .
5 A: Why .......................... (not/ you / come) (ru n) through the garden, the children
to the pa rty yesterday? 17J .......... .. ....... (spot) a young girl. She
B: I ................... (have) a temperature and 18) ...................... (water) the plants
............................................ (feel) sick. around the house. She 19) ...... ..................... .
6 A: When ...... .. ......................... (you / live) (smile) at them and 20) ............ .. ...... ..
in London? (as k) , 21) " ............................... (you/see) the
B: I ................................ (stay) there for taU, shadowy beast? Don't worry! This is my
four years. I ................................ (have) granddad's house. He's an art cotlector and
a great time when I ............................. .. what you saw was just a strange sculpture."
(live) in London!
Arthur and Jill 22) .... .. .. ...... .. ......... (feeO
7 A: ....... (you/ visit) Mary really embarrassed!
last night?
B: No, but I ............................... . (visit)
her a week ago.
8 A: ........................................... (you /study)
when I ........................... . (caU) you?
B: No, I ........................ ... (be/ not).
Rr .i,ion

148
 Revision of Tenses

11 Choose the correct Item . 13 . the 9 • .$ with the future simple,

bt !JDi-g tD or the present continuous.
1 Did Clare ......... out with you last night?
A go B went C goes 1 ." (fail) the test.
2 Is Danny ........ to school now?
2 .ooer: Crt ::'7eet us for dinner tonight. He
(go) to a party at 10 o'clock.
A walk B walks C walking
3 m """"E ~_ ••• •••••••••••••••• (take) a nap.
3 I ......... the plants when it started to rain. 4 t's doody 1 ........... ........ (rain).
A watered B am watering 5 'm su.~ my orother ....... ..................... .
C was watering (not. et) me me his laptop.
6 Y een ............ ..... (spe nd) her
4 He usually ... his homework before
tlcWida~ ill Bertin this year.
dinner.
A do B is doing C does
7 ·.e ........ (meet) some old
frierx1S a an la n restau rant tonight.
5 I ......... very early last night. 8 s --r S [Link]) today. I .. ...... . ............ .
A sleep B am sleeping buy) he.r a cake and some flowers.
C slept

6 We ...... lots of photos in Venice last summer. 14 Put the yeJ"bs in brackets Into the
A take B took futun s;"pl~ or the present continuous.
C were taking
"
(Ioire: Do rou IIJ\OW where you 1) are going (go)
on hoIida) this summer?

• Will - Be Going To - Bill: Yes, 2) .............. ........ (fly) to Jamaica.

Present Continuous \'y best friend lives there. We
3) .......•..•................ ... (spend) a week in
12 Fill In the correct form of be going to Montego 6ay. What 4) .......................... .
or will of the verbs In brackets. (you 1do) for the summe r?
1 A: What are you doing later? Clalfe: I S) ............................. (not do) anything

6: I'm going to (go) Sam's party. special. I 6) .......... ..................... (go) to

2 A: Do you have any plans for the weekend? our beach hou se for a week. I don't want
6: Yes, I .................................. (do) some to spend a lo t of money because I

shopping for my birthday party. 7) ............................ (save up) to buy a

3 A: look! The baby is trying to climb onto new laptop.

the chair! Bill: That's great, but don't you think you
6: Oh, no! He ................................ (fall)! 8) ................... ............ (be) bored?
4 A: I can't hear the music. Oaire: I know, but what else can I do?
6: I ......................... (turn up) the volume . Bift: Well, you could come to Jamaica with me.

S A: She sings beautifully! We can stay at my friend's house, so it

6: That's true. I think she ..................... ..... 9) ................... ......... (not/cost ) you much.

(become) a famous singer one day. Claire: Mmm ... That sounds great!
Bill: Trust me! It 10) ....................... (be) fun.

Rovhlon

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 Revision of Tenses

15 Circle the cor rect Item . • Present Perfect

1 I'm afraid I ......... be able to come to your 16 Put the verbs In brackets into the
party. correct form of the present perfect.
A will B won't 1 A: Did you like the first Harry Potterfllm?
C am going to B: I don't know. I .................. (never/see)
2 I ......... the drums while Steve was playing it.

computer games. 2 A: Do you know the Johnson family?

A played B was playing C play B: Yes, I .................... .. (know) them for a
few years.
3 He ......... and then he ate breakfast. 3 A: What time does the train to London
A woke up B was waking up leave?
C wakes up 8: Let me check' I'm afraid it .................... .
4 They ......... to Rome next week. (j ust/de part).
A travelled B were travelling 4 A: How's Janice? Is she better now?
C are travelling B: I've no idea! I ............ .. ...... (not/s peak)
to he r since last Sunday.
5 I'll call you when I ......... at the airport. S A: Can I borrow th is DVD?
A arrive B will arrive B: Sorry, not now! I ......................... .
C am going to arrive (no t /wa tch) it yet.

6 She ......... in the park at 7 o'clock yesterday 6 A: Did Alex like the cake?

morning. B: He .......................... (not/taste) it yet!

A jogged B was jogging C jogs
17 Put the verbs In brackets Into the
7 I think our class ......... the school quiz on present perfect or the post simple.
Friday.
A wins B is winning C will win 1 Laura ................................. (not /p lay) the
piano for years.
8 Ben ...... .. work in a bakery. He works in a 2 First, Ben ........................ .... .... (cut) the
restaurant. grass in the garden, and then he
A didn't B isn't C doesn't ................................ (wat er) the plants.
9 We ......... to the supermarket three times 3 An old woman from our street .................. .

last week. (win) the lottery last yea r.

A go B went 4 I .. .. ...... (not / fini sh) my homework yet.

C were going S Luke and Amanda .................... (sta rt)

playing tennis when they were ten years old .
10 I ......... up early tomorrow. 6 I .............................. (not/see) Vicky since
A wake we were in primary school.
B am going to wake 7 My dad ............................ (go) to Brusse ls
C waking on business last Monday.
S ..................... (yo u/ ever / vi sit) the Modern
Art Gallery?

Revilio n

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 Revision of Tenses

18 Choose the correct Item. 20 Put the verbs In brackets Into the post
1 Se careful! You ......... fall!
sImple or the present perfect.
A will B are C are going to 1 A: ..................................... (you/ever/ be)
to the USA?
2 We ......... for a picnic last week.
A went B: Yes, I ......................... (go) to New York
B was going C have gone
with my parents when I ............. ....... ..
3 I usually ......... a bowl of cereal for breakfast. (be) twelve .
A eat B am eating C will eat 2 A: (you / go out)
for dinner last night?
4 I ......... dinner when I burnt my hand.
A cook B was cooking B: No, we didn't. We .......................... ..
C cooked (stay) at home and ........................... ..
(order) a pizza.
5 She ......... her homework yet. 3 A: (yo u/ see)
A didn't fin ish B hasn't finished Sandra recently?
C wasn't finishing B; Yes, I .................. ........... (meet) her at
the supermarket this morning.

19 Put the verbs In brackets into the post 4 A: .................................. (you / eve r / eat)
frogs ' legs?
simple or the present perfect.
B; Never! I .......................... (see) them in a
French restaurant before, but I
.......... ......... , ............. ( not/ like) the
Dear Kate, look of them .
I'm sorry I 1) ................. ............ (not/write) for 5 A: (Derek/ find) a
ages , bul l 2) .............................. (not/be) home for new job yet?
a few weeks. I 3) ............................. . (go) to Spain B: Yes. he ....... ....... ..... (get) a job in a
and 14) ............................... (get) home yesterday.
high school. He's a teacher now.
I 5} ........................... (have) a great lime in Spain! 6 A: ............................... (you/ see) Fiona?
6) ........................... (you/ever/be) there? I really
B: No, she ........................ (go) to the
7) ........... ........................ (enjoy) myself and I
8) ............... ...... ......... (need) the rest after working supermarket about two hours ago, but
so hard last year. she ..................... (not/come) back yet.
I 9) ............................ (visit) a lot of museums on 7 A: ........................ ............... (yo u/ fini sh)
Ihe trip , bul I 10) ..................................... . your homework yet?
(not/spend) much time on the beaches. I also
B: No, not yet. But, I ............................ ..
11) ........ ............................... (take) lols of pholos.
112) ....................... ............ (attach) some of Ihem (a lready/tidy) my room.
with this email. Let me know what you think! S A: I can' t find my glasses ....................... .
113) .................................. (never/love) a place so (you/ see) them anywhere?
much before. I'll probably go back for my holidays B: No .................................. (you/ look) in
next year too. Are you interested? the living room yet? You usually leave
See you soon,
them in there.
Owen

151
 (I rregular Verbs'

Past Past Participle Past Participle

make Imakl
mean im,nl
,1br:>:tI meet ImtU

Ibafnt pay Ipa!

put /pull

read /rcdl
ride Irrudl
ring In!) /
rise Iralll
run Irflni

say (set!
see IsrJ
sell /51'1/
send Isendl
set Iset!
sew ISO O/
shake fleck!
shine IJam!
shoot IJutl
show 1/001
shut Jjflt/
sing ISII)I
sit Isrl!
sleep Is ltpl
smell IsmI'll isme~

speak Isptk/
spell Ispel/
" "
spend Ispend!
stand Istrendl
steal /5\[11
stick Istl kl
sting Ish!)l
swear /swe<Jrl
!sw[pi

,,

152