DOI: 10.1111/ipd.

12521

A B ST R AC T S

1. Preventive Dentistry

Oral Presentation

1  |  Risk factors for early childhood caries. A 2  |  Xylitol varnishes for dental caries control in
systematic review and meta‐analysis of case control recently erupted enamel: An in situ study
and cohort studies C. Bezerra‐Vieira Silva; T. Vieira‐Da Silva; M.
M. Kirthiga; M. Murugan Charantola‐Rodrigues
Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Department of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do
Ramachandra University of Higher Education and Research, Early Sul University, Brazil
Career Research Fellow (Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance), India
Background: The influence of xylitol on the risk control and
Introduction: To perform a systematic review to assess cur‑ prevention of dental caries has already been assessed in sev‑
rent evidence for association between various risk factors and eral studies. The outcome of this strategy seems to depend on
the prevalence or incidence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) . the detection of minimal salivary levels of that polyol for a
Case reports: Two reviewers searched various databases long period of time.
till January 2019 to identify studies. Newcastle‐Ottawa Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of experimental varnishes
Scale was used to perform risk of bias assessment. The in‑ containing xylitol on the remineralization of enamel from re‑
cluded studies were categorized based on income according cently erupted third molars in situ.
to World Bank classification. Data were summarized in a Design: Fifteen subjects took part in this double‐blind study
meta‐analysis using fixed and random‐effects inverse ge‑ performed in one phase of 5  days. Human enamel blocks
neric meta‐analyses. From 7034 screened records, 89 stud‑ (4 × 4 mm, n = 60) were randomly allocated to four groups
ies evaluating a total of 1,352,097 individuals were included. (n = 15/group) and surface hardness was measured at base‑
Twenty‐three were of high, 46 of moderate, and 20 of low line. Artificial caries lesions were produced by immersion in
quality. A total of 123 risk factors were found. Metaanalysis 30 ml of lactic acid buffer for 11 days. Each subject, worn
revealed that the strongest risk factors found in the high‐in‑ palatal appliances containing four predemineralized enamel
come countries were presence of dentinal caries (dmft 0) [OR specimens, each one treated with one of the following var‑
4.21(2.18–8.16)] and high levels of mutans streptococci [OR nishes: Duraphat® (positive control); 20% xylitol varnish,
3.83 (1.81–8.09)]. In the upper‐middle‐income countries, 20% xylitol ground varnish and placebo varnish (without
presence of enamel defects [OR 14.62 (6.10–35.03)] was fluoride or xylitol; negative control). The varnishes were ap‑
found to be the strongest risk factor. No studies were found plied in a thin layer and removed after 6 h of immersion in
in the lower‐middle income and lower income categories artificial saliva. The enamel alterations were quantified by
respectively. surface and cross sectional hardness to calculate the percent‑
Comments: The strongest risk factors associated with ECC age of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and integrated loss
were the presence of enamel defects, presence of dentinal of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). Surface and subsurface
caries and high levels of mutans streptococci. hardness data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey
and Kruskal‐Wallis/Tukey's test (P ˂ 0.05).
Results: The surface hardness recovery (mean, SD) was sig‑
nificantly increased by 20% xylitol ground (7.24 ± 7.48), 20%
xylitol (7.02 ± 6.81) and Duraphat™ (5.33 ± 6.91) varnishes,
when compared to placebo varnish (−3.64 ± 7.28), with no
significant differences among the experimental and commer‑
cial varnishes. Considering ΔKHN values, experimental and

Int J Paediatr Dent. 2019;29 (Suppl. 1):49–62. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ipd © 2019 The Authors. © 2019 BSPD, IAPD and John    49 |
Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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50       ABSTRACTS

commercial varnishes presented significantly lower areas of Conclusion: The masking effect of resin infiltration dimin‑
lesion (ΔKHN, median/CI): 20% xylitol (940 (CI 340/5270)); ishes over time however the effect of caries inhibition con‑
20% xylitol ground (930 (CI 130/3610)) and Duraphat™ tinues. With the additional use of fluoride, the masking and
(1520 (CI 200/1720)) when compared to placebo (2590 (CI inhibition affect tends to increase. Clinicians may consider
140/6100)), not differing from each other. The reduction of using resin infiltration with combination of fluoride in order
the particle size of xylitol by 45% decreased its precipitation to increase its benefits.
in the experimental varnish, however, it did not influence the
remineralizing capacity of the material.
Conclusion: The varnishes containing xylitol appear to be 4  |  Pregnancy and Malocclusion: An
promising alternatives in promoting the remineralization of
interrelationship a child‐bearing mother should
recently erupted enamel in situ. This study was funded by
CNPq (409147/2016‐8). know
M. Koul
Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute
3  |  Does fluoride varnish enhances effect of resin of Dental Sciences and Hospital, India

infiltration for caries masking and inhibition: A

Introduction: Malocclusion is considered to be one of the
clinical split mouth design study
most common oral conditions that affects the facial ap‑
B. Memiş‐Özgül; F. Tulga‐Öz pearance and has an impact on psychosocial aspect of an
Başkent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric individual.
Dentistry, Turkey Case report: The causes are genetic and environmental but there
is little awareness to child bearing mothers about the role of pre‑
Background: White spot lesions are initial caries lesions that natal and perinatal risk factors in its development. Prevention of
cause unaesthetic appearance and may proceed into cavita‑ malformation of dentofacial structures begins with the precau‑
tion in the later stages. Diagnosing and management of initial tions taken during the time of preconception and morphogenesis
caries lesions is important for caries masking and inhibition of the foetus or in other words efforts for prevention of maloc‑
of progression. clusion begin as early as intrauterine formative stage.
Aim: The aim of this split mouth design study was to assess Comments: It is therefore imperative to educate the expect‑
the effect of the resin‐infiltration with and without fluoride ant mothers about the role of teratogens like alcohol and
varnish comparing with control groups for inhibition and smoking that may influence the dentofacial structures of their
masking of the initial caries lesions on permanent and pri‑ little ones.
mary teeth in children.
Design: One hundred primary (28 patients aged 4–9) and 100
permanent upper anterior teeth (31 patients aged 7–15) with 5  |  The ABC of breastfeeding for pediatric
initial caries lesions were included in the study. The study
dentists
groups were two main (n = 50) and two subgroups (n = 25)
for both primary and permanent teeth. Group A1: Resin in‑ C. Palma‐Portaro
filtration (Icon®, DMG, Hamburg, Germany) A2:Saline Postgraduate of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano
solution Group B1: Resin infiltration  +  Fluoride varnish Heredia, Perú
(Duraphat, Colgate, Palmolive, Waltrop, Germany). B2:
Fluoride varnish. After the application of materials as de‑ Introduction: Breast milk is the best nutrition for all ba‑
scribed by manufacturers patients were recalled for follow‐ bies and the most evidence‐ based health recommendation.
ups for 3‐6‐12‐18‐24 months. The caries scores and masking Breastfeeding could save 800,000 children and 20,000 mother
of the caries lesions were noted using ICDAS II criteria. deaths annually. In spite of this, rates of breastfeeding in the
Results: There were no statistical difference amongst resin world are way below expectations, especially in high‐income
infiltration groups for caries masking post‐application (P countries. WHO, medical and international institutions, call
0.05). 24th month masking were 57.3% for Group A1, 95.3% for all health personnel to get involved in breastfeeding pro‑
for Group B1 for permanent teeth, and 57.9% for Group A1, motion as the decision to not breastfeed a child has major
75% for Group B1 for primary teeth. The results for inhibi‑ long‐term effects in the health, nutrition, and development of
tion of caries progression showed that Group A1 and Group the child and on women's health.
B1 statistically better results compared Group A2 and Group In relation to oral health, breastfeeding has been shown to
B2 both in primary and permanent teeth (P 0.05). reduce the risk of malocclusions. As caries risk is increased
ABSTRACTS   
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in babies who are breastfed beyond 12 months, special atten‑ we treat oral diseases without understanding the relation‑
tion should be given to increase protective factors, in order to ship of these with the rest of the human body, minimizing
maintain breastfeeding as well as a healthy dentition. the quality of life and not understanding that these repre‑
Case report: As breastfeeding is not usually taught to den‑ sent a risk factor for the development of chronic degenera‑
tal students or even to paediatric dentists, the purpose of this tive diseases that put at risk the lives of those who suffer
conference is to share the general and oral benefits of breast‑ them.
feeding, the mechanisms of sucking, the characteristics of a Case reports: The first 1000 days of life is a stage comprised
good and bad latch, the influence of a tongue‐tie in breast‑ by 270 days of pregnancy and 730 days which are the first
feeding problems, and the relationship between early child‑ 2  years of the baby's life. In actuality, nowadays preven‑
hood caries and ad libitum breastfeeding. tive programs are being developed worldwide that include
Comments: All of this information is presented from a pae‑ care at this stage, with special emphasis on nutritional fac‑
diatric dentist/lactation consultant view. tors, without taking into account other risk factors that play
an extremely important role in this crucial period of human
development.
6  |  Infants and toddlers preventive care PS 1000 is a preventive health program that aims to take ad‑
vantage of the window of opportunity that the first 1000 days
C. E. Lara‐Olivares of life gives us, so that through protocols of attention, care,
Odontología Pediátrica, Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediátrica, education and transdisciplinary work, we maintain or recover
México health so as to decrease and control the risk factors of dental
disease related to general health, generating a positive impact
Introduction: As pediatric dentistry advances and the use of throughout a person's life.
technology increases, the concept of minimally invasive den‑ Comments: Is the dental profession ready to contribute dur‑
tistry has emerged. Preserving a healthy dentition for each ing the first 1000 days? What are we doing as specialists in
patient should be the objective of every dentist. We know pediatric dentistry? Are we prepared as pediatric dentists to
that prevention and minimally invasive pediatric dentistry is contribute during the first 1000 days of life?
currently one of the most important areas within our profes‑
sion. However, how pediatric dentist has to do it, what to say
and do about preventive care and how parents should carry
it out. Poster Presentation
Case reports: Minimally invasive pediatric dentistry focuses
on three main elements. These include dietary prevention,
dental prophylaxis and minimally invasive dental restora‑ 1  |  Effectiveness of two different fluoride
tions; early treatment of dental trauma and prompt diagnosis treatments to mineralize enamel surfaces: In vivo
of the various dental malocclusions. Here, we will cover all
study
those indications and care that should be done at home, as
well in the dental office. M. Juarez; M. Marin
Comments: The indications and recommendations that will Pediatric Dentistry, UNAM, Mexico
be shown are oral care during pregnancy; recognize teething
symptoms, oral habits, child´s growth and development, risk Background: Recently, fluorides have been improved with
factors, ECC (early childhood caries) prevention, reminerali‑ the addition of calcium compounds, to increase the reminer‑
zation through the use of bio‐active materials, in an easy and alization effect over early caries lesions, so it is important to
simple way to have completely healthy caries‐free patients. have clinical evidence of their effectiveness.
Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the mineral‑
izing effect between a varnish of Sodium Fluoride added with
7  |  PS 1000 “From the first 1000 days through Tricalcium Phosphate (NaF‐TCP) and a Sodium Fluoride in
foam (NaF).
to the whole life”
Design: A total of 62 students (aged 12) were assessed and
M. A. Osuna‐Gavica 134 vestibular surfaces of premolars were included. Children
MEMBER, AMOP, México were randomly classified to receive two applications of dif‑
ferent fluoride treatments: (a) varnish of NaF‐TCP and (b) 2%
Introduction: The need for prevention of the pathologies NaF in foam presentation. The evaluation was made before
of the Stomatognathic system is an imperative situation and 15 days after the intervention, through laser fluorescence
that requires urgent actions worldwide. Most of the time with Pen Diagnodent®. All assessments were performed by
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52       ABSTRACTS

the same examiner. We calculated and applied means of a Conclusion: Betadine may have immediate inhibitory effect
standard deviation to compare student groups of a paired to cariogenic bacteria but 1 week after application the effect
T‐test. was not obvious.
Results: After intervention, statistically significant differ‑
ences were found comparing study groups (P 0.05). In the
follow‐up of those dental surfaces included, the fluorescence 3  |  Influence of a CCP‐ACP paste on the
values were lower in the group of NaF‐TCP varnish (P 0.01).
remineralization of dental enamel in cycling ph
Conclusions: The Na/F‐TCP varnish showed better benefits
for the early treatment of caries. conditions
C. Cid‐Mondragón; C. Barrera‐Ortega; A. García‐Pérez
Estomatología Pediátrica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala,
2  |  The antibacterial effect of betadine on oral Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México

microflora in children
Background: The case in Phosphopeptide‐Amorphous cal‑
L. Jengfen; W. Han‐Hsuan cium phosphate (CCP‐ACP) is used to promote dental rem‑
Pediatric Dentistry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan ineralization in pediatric patients with susceptibility to dental
caries.
Background: One of the antiseptics for topical use of broad Aim: To evaluate the effect of remineralizing paste by meas‑
spectrum microbial most frequently used are solutions based uring the microhardness of dental enamel under cycling pH
on povidone iodine, such as Betadine. Povidone iodine com‑ conditions.
bines the microbicidal activity of iodine with povidone which Design: Thirty five third molars without erupting, extracted
causes the whole to be released gradually, exerting antiseptic by orthodontic indications. A mesiodistal cut was made and
action. This method makes it an active agent against bacteria, 70 work surfaces were obtained, of which they were divided
fungi and spores. into an experimental group with application CCP‐ACP paste
Aim: To evaluate the effect of betadine on SM and LB counts according to the manufacturer and a control group, without
in children. treatment (n = 30). In both groups, an initial lesion was per‑
Design: Forty eight children without any systemic disease formed by immersion in demineralizing solution for 96  h
were selected for this study. These children were randomly at pH 4.4; a group of healthy dental enamel with 10 work
allocated into experimental (betadine) group and control surfaces was considered. The experimental groups were sub‑
(normal saline) group through block randomization method. jected to cycling pH alternating immersion in demineraliz‑
Plaque samples were collected from lingual surfaces of ing solutions (pH 4.4 for 3 h) and remineralizing (pH 7.2 for
lower posterior teeth and then betadine or normal saline 21 h) at 5, 10 and 15 days. The microhardness of the super‑
were swabbed over all teeth surfaces. The CRT® bacteria ficial dental enamel was determined at 0, 5, 10 and 15 days
kits (Ivoclar Vivadent) were used for bacterial culture. After with a microdurometer Vickers (NANOVEA Nano/Micro
one‐week follow‐up, the same procedures were performed. Hardness & Scratch‐Tester®).
The bacteria counts were scored as 1, 2, 3 and 4. Results: The average microhardness at 5  days was 66.6
Results: There were 15 males and 29 females and ages (±23.0) in the healthy enamel group, 77.9 (±7.6) control
from 1 to 10 year old (average: 4.36 year old). The average group and 84.3 (±26.3) in the group (CCP‐ACP), finding no
deft score was 9.70 ± 4.57. Initially, the mean score for SM significant differences (P = 0.173). After 15 days the distri‑
count was 2.02 and for LB count was 1.39 in control group. bution was: healthy enamel 76.9 (±11.1), control group 70.4
The mean score for SM count was 1.84 and for LB count (±15.5) and group (CCP‐ACP) 93.8 (±22.9) (P = 0.021). The
was 1.52 in experimental group. There was no significant post‐hoc tests, differences were found at 10 days between the
difference between groups. One week later, the mean score healthy group vs CCP‐ACP (P = 0.006) and control group
for SM count was 1.68 and for LB count was 1.21 in con‑ vs CCP‐ACP (P = 0.001). At 15 days control group vs CCP‐
trol group. The mean score for SM count was 2 and for LB ACP group (P = 0.016).
count was 1.43 in experimental group. Also, there was no Conclusion: The effect of the remineralizing paste caused
significant difference between these two groups. Moreover, a significant increase in the Microhardness of the deminer‑
the change for SM count was 0.5 and for LB count was alized enamel. Microhardness increased in the paste group
0.18 in control group and for SM count was ‐0.13 and for compared to healthy enamel. The use of paste can be recom‑
LB count was 0.15 in experimental group. There was also mended in patients at high risk of caries for daily use.
no statistically significant between these two groups.
ABSTRACTS   
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4  |  The effect of time exposure on the pH of methods in order to test the application of the methods in
selected beverages available in Malaysia clinical practice.
Design: Forty permanent premolars were under study. The
A. Venkiteswaran; N. Abu‐Bakar; N. Abdul‐Wahab teeth were extracted for orthodontics reasons in adults aged
Pediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 35–44  years and in children aged 10–15  years. The plaque
Malaysia
was removed from the surface by manual scalers, magneto‑
strictive and piezoelectric ultrasound devices. After these, the
Background: People with low pH in the oral cavity are more microimages of the enamel surfaces were obtained and stud‑
predisposed to caries. The optimal pH level in our saliva is ied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
around 7. However, the intake of food and beverages has Results: SEM helped to obtain electron microimages of
been altered. In this sense, a continuous decrease to a 5.5 the enamel surfaces of the permanent teeth of adults and
pH favors the appearance of cariogenic bacteria. Carbonated children after using manual scalers, magnetostrictive and
drinks show an increase pH within the first 30  min before piezoelectric ultrasound devices. After manual scaling, the
showing a plateau (P = 0.00). surfaces of the teeth, extracted from the adults, had minor
Aim: To identify the effect of time exposure in the pH of scratches. The magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultra‑
selected beverages available in Malaysia. sound devices left a rather flat surface with the traces of
Design: A total of 132 beverages were included in this study shallow erosion points. The examination of the children's
and classified according to diverse types of drinks which teeth after using manual scalers showed deep longitudinal
were fruit drinks, juices, sports drinks and carbonated drinks. scratches on the surface. The use of the piezoelectric ultra‑
Mettler Toledo™ pH meter was used to measure the pH of sound device resulted in deep cups. The defects caused by
each beverage in triplicate readings. The readings were taken the magnetostrictive device were of smaller size and insig‑
immediately upon opening of the can followed by an interval nificant depth.
of 10 min for a total duration of 60 min. Repeated measure‑ Conclusions: The pilot study showed significant difference
ments with ANOVA was used to analyse the pH changes in in morphological changes of the enamel in case of using
the beverages according to the type of drink. manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric methods for
Results: There was a significant difference in pH values for plaque removal in children and adults.
all groups of beverages except juices where the pH value
was more constant. Fruit drinks show a decrease in pH value
within the first 30  min of exposure before an increase in
pH is noted (P = 0.00). Sports drinks show an obvious de‑
6  |  Evaluation of pit and fissure sealants in first
crease in pH up to 50 min before the pH starts rising again permanent molars after 6 to 12 months
(P = 0.023). Carbonated drinks show an increase pH within N. Monge
the first 30 min before showing a plateau (P = 0.00). Posgrado Odontología Pediátrica, Universidad Tecnológica de México,
Conclusion: Different groups of beverages show differ‑ México
ent patterns of pH change over an exposure time of 60 min.
This vital information can be used for specific dietary advice Introduction: Determine the integrity and efficacy of pits
based on the patient's beverage consumption. and fissures sealants in permanent first molars after 6 to
12 months of their placement.
Case reports: Forty patients from the UNITEC pediatric
5  |  Comparative pilot study of professional in dentistry clinic were selected based on the inclusion and
children and adults exclusion criteria. The informed consent and patient as‑
sent were obtained previous to participation in the study.
V. Romanovskaya; L. Kiselnikova Sealants were clinically evaluated by means of a # 5 den‑
Pediatric Dentistry Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State tal explorer, a # 5 non‐reflecting dental mirror with the aid
University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
of magnifying lenses. The characteristics to be evaluated
were: (1) Sealer in good condition. (2) Sealer with defi‑
Background: The main component of a complex periodon‑ ciency in the integrity of the margins in Green (3) Sealer
tal treatment is professional hygiene with the use of manual with partial detachment (4) Sealant with total release. A
and ultrasound devices. There are several approaches to total of 158 first permanent molars were sealed, 38 were
professional hygiene and their use depends on the patient's followed for up to 6  months, 39 at 12, 81 at more than
age. 12 months. Those evaluated 6 months after their placement
Aim: to carry out a study of the tooth enamel surface in pa‑ 60% were in good condition. After 12  months, 56% were
tients of different ages after using various plaque removal in good condition and 36% with partial detachment. Those
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54       ABSTRACTS

evaluated after 12 months found 23% in good condition and 8  |  Risk factor for caries in 2 to 4 years old
50% partial detachment. children in public dental service
Comments: The pit and fissure sealants can be effectively
used as an important part in preventing cavities as long as C. Reyes; K. Soto; P. Pino
they maintain their integrity. Department of Pediatric Stomatology, University of Talca, Chile

Background: The most effective way to prevent the devel‑

opment of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is through the pre‑
7  |  Intoxication by fluoride intake report of a
vention risk approach. Hence, it is necessary to identify the
clinical case risk factors.
A. González‐Mejia; J. A. Hachity‐Ortega; C. Gil‐Orduña Aim: To identify ECC risk factors in parents or caregivers of
Posgrado de Pediatría, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 2 to 4 year old children and compare them according to the
México sociodemographic characteristics of the population and the
presence or absence of caries in the child.
Introduction: Since 1930, fluoride has been studied for Design: A questionnaire of risk factor practices associated
its influence on dental organs due to its multiple actions in with Early Childhood Caries was used on 80 parents or
favor of these. There are several fluoride auxiliaries in the caregivers of children from the community of Pelarco who
market and among them are dental rinses, which are recom‑ participated in the “Sembrando Sonrisas Program” (Sowing
mended for children over 6 years of age. Always endorsed Smiles Program). 80% (n = 64) of these children received pe‑
by a health professional. For this, the AAPD made a guide riodic dental controls; 70.3% remained caries‐free (n = 45).
with the recommended doses of fluoride. In which for a A descriptive analysis of the variables of interest was carried
range of 6 to 16 years are 1.00 mg in concentrations lower out, and the Fisher´s exact test was used.
than 0.3 ppm F, 0.50 mg in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 ppm and Results: The following were identified as risk factors for
0 if it exceeds 0.6 ppm. If a person accidentally ingests an the development of ECC: young adult mothers, low socio‑
amount of fluoride that exceeds these ranges, it can develop economic status parents/caregivers, child sugar intake (food/
intoxication that can present vomiting to cardiac arrest. That liquids), lack of brushing hygiene after consumption of night‑
is why the management of poisoning by ingestion of fluo‑ time milk bottles and parents/caregivers who do not visit the
ride must be fast and effective. And it depends on the de‑ dentist on a regular basis. There was no statistically signifi‑
gree of intoxication and can be neutralized from the intake cant association between these practices with the presence/
of milk and the induction of vomiting until hospitalization absence of caries in children. However, statistically signifi‑
with calcium gluconate intravenously, in addition to a gas‑ cant associations were found between presence/absence of
tric lavage. caries in children and their age; educational level with intake
Case reports: A 10‐year‐old male with psychomotor retarda‑ of nighttime milk bottle and with exclusive breastfeeding time
tion goes to the pediatric dentist due to ingestion of three bot‑ (monthly family income with frequent brushing, with or with‑
tles of fluoride rinse at home with a concentration of 0.05% out assistance); age of the parent/caregiver with nighttime in‑
with 225 ppm of fluoride, so they decide to go it immediately take of bottle and with brushing with or without assistance.
to the clinic. The diagnosis was acute fluoride intoxication. Conclusions: These practices were not found to be associ‑
It was decided to immediately administer milk as emetic to ated with the presence of caries in children. Older children
induce vomiting in order to neutralize fluoride excess in the were associated with greater caries prevalence, making it
body. He moves to a hospital unit to perform gastric wash to very likely that the population under study develops this pa‑
fulfill fluoride elimination. thology due to the presence of these risk factors.
Comments: Fluorinated products should be used in proven
and approved regimens, in addition to taking measures to re‑
duce the unnecessary intake of fluoride in young children, 9  |  Association of vitamin D and DMFT in
taking into account that the use of mouthwash in pediatric children
patients should be under the recommendation of a pediatric
dentist in adequate doses. It is very important to emphasize Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination
that the use of fluoride in children must be supervised, as well Survey, 2013–2014
as the handling of an emergency care protocol. K. Herzog; K. Goldman
Pediatric Dentistry, Boston Children's Hospital, USA

Background: Vitamin D controls calcium absorption, medi‑

ates skeletal mineralization and maintains calcium hemostasis
ABSTRACTS   
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   55

in the blood stream. Vitamin D exposures in early life may Mexico more than 80% of children have caries. Among
play a role in dental caries prevention. Previous studies ana‑ the strategies implemented for the control of caries are the
lyzing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey actions of early detection, the control of risk factors, the
(NHANES) 2005–2006 and 2009–2010 data sets found no increase of oral hygiene, the control of diet, the applica‑
significant associations between vitamin D and caries experi‑ tion of fluorides and sealants and biological control. This
ence in U.S. children. last strategy has been investigated recently with the use of
Aim: This study sought to examine the most recently re‑ different foods enriched with probiotics with the objective
leased NHANES vitamin D data set and determine associa‑ of observing the effect of cariogenic microorganisms in the
tions between serum vitamin D levels and dental caries in decrease of dental caries. The aim is to verify the efficacy
non‐institutionalized U.S. children ages 3–12. of probiotics as preventive therapy for caries in two pa‑
Design: NHANES 2013–2014 data was utilized. Vitamin D tients in the pediatric stomatology clinic of the Faculty of
deficiency and inadequacy were defined as serum 25(OH) Higher Studies (FES‐I) Iztacala.
D less than 30  nmol/l and between 30 and 49  nmol/l re‑ Case report: Longitudinal study where two patients with
spectively, based on the Institute of Medicine report. high caries risk were included according to the Caries
Associations between vitamin D and dmft/DMFT propor‑ Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA) classifica‑
tion (total number of decayed, missing or filled teeth in tion. The initial evaluation was determined by means of a
both the primary and permanent dentition, as a proportion Streptococcus Mutans count with the SALIVA‐CHECK
of total teeth in the mouth); as well as, dmfs/DMFS propor‑ MUTANS® rapid detection kit, after each tutor was given
tion (total number of decayed, missing or filled primary 28 tablets of OralBiotic® k12 probiotics, so that the child
and permanent tooth surfaces as a proportion of total tooth consumed one tablet daily . Subsequently, the Streptococcus
surfaces in the mouth) were examined after adjustment for Mutans count was performed at 28 days.
confounders using multivariate linear regression at a criti‑ Comments: The initial measurement was positive with a
cal value of 5%. Sample weights were used to generate na‑ count of 5  ×  105  CFU/ml in both patients, at 28  days the
tionally representative estimates. SALIVA‐CHECK MUTANS® test was negative in both pa‑
Results: The overall prevalence of serum 25(OH)D tients. Therefore, we can conclude that the use of probiotics
30  nmol/l and 25(OH)D between 30–49  nmol/l among as preventive therapy in children at high risk of long‐term
3–12 year olds was 1% and 12%, respectively. Multivariate caries helps to decrease Streptococcus Mutans, also prevents
linear regression analysis found a significant inverse as‑ the appearance of new incipient lesions of caries. Therefore,
sociation between vitamin D level and dmft/DMFT pro‑ preventive dentistry should be considered as the first alterna‑
portion (P  =  0.001); as well as, dmfs/DMFS proportion tive in the work activities of the pediatric dentist in order to
(P  =  0.003). This association was still significant after provide a high quality and less invasive service.
adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity and ratio of family
income to poverty threshold (P = 0.002).Additional analy‑
sis looking at different thresholds of 25(OH)D, including 11  |  Fluoride concentration of commercially
25(OH)D less than 75 nmol/l compared with 75 or more,
available infant formula in United Arab Emirates
found significant inverse associations between vitamin D
and dmft/DMFT proportion (P = 0.001); as well as, dmfs/ Y. Agha; M. Al Halabi; A. Al Salami
DMFS proportion (P = 0.02). Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University,
Conclusions: This study found a significant association be‑ United Arab Emirates
tween 25(OH)D status and dmft/DMFT proportion in U.S.
children participating in NHANES 2013–2014. Background: The prevalence of dental fluorosis had signifi‑
cantly increased in industrialized countries, in both fluori‑
dated and non‐fluoridated areas over the past two decades.
10  |  Effect of probiotics as a preventive measure All the individual sources of fluoride should be considered
when determining a child's fluoride intake. Fluoride content
of caries in the pediatric stomatology clinic of
in formula can be a major source of dietary fluoride in for‑
FES‐I: Report of two cases mula fed infants.
K. Murillo‐Santos; A. Garcia‐Pérez; M. Valdez González Aim: To assess fluoride concentration in infant formulae com‑
Pediatric Stomatology, FES Iztacala UNAM, México mercially available in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and
compare the measured levels to the reported ones on the label.
Introduction: Currently, caries continues to be one of Design: Twenty‐four different baby formula samples col‑
the most prevalent multifactorial diseases worldwide. In lected from different retailers in the UAE market were tested
using ion selective electrode method for the fluoride content.
 |
56       ABSTRACTS

Results: The mean fluoride content of baby formula samples the absence of oral hygiene and the consumption of sug‑
was 0.15 μg F/ml with a range of 0–0.4 μg F/ml. All tested ary foods for the progression of ECC, the participants de‑
samples of formula were manufactured outside the UAE. clared that their children brush teeth alone, intake a great
One was manufactured in neighboring Saudi Arabia, one in amount of fermentable carbohydrates in bottles and meals,
Malaysia, one in New Zealand and the rest were all manu‑ and sleep during breastfeeding without dental plaque re‑
factured in different countries in Europe (21). Following the moval. These conditions were favored by the difficulties in
daily recommended manufacturer's guidelines, tested for‑ cleaning oral cavity and reducing sugar consumption, due
mula had a range of 0–0.29 mg of fluoride per day. This con‑ to children's negative behaviors, permissiveness, conveni‑
centration is below the average daily recommended fluoride ence, and uncooperative siblings. Additionally, parents
intake of a 6‐month‐old infant of an average weight of 7–8 kg believe that antibiotics cause dental caries, contributing to
(0.35–0.42 mg Fluoride). Out of the ten samples where the dental fragility. Also, they expressed compassion for chil‑
fluoride content was mentioned on the label, only three were dren with ECC, since they probably would be discriminated
verified to have an accurate reported concentration when by their mates. Finally, they reported that dentists could be
comparing the concentration mentioned on the label to our responsible for making children cry, because professionals
test. Of the fourteen samples with no fluoride concentration were rude sometimes.
mentioned on the label 7 contained fluoride with a range of Conclusions: Based on these results, parents and caregiv‑
0–0.2 μg/ml. ers are able to recognize the unfavourable effects of ECC
Conclusions: All tested formula had lower than the maxi‑ on children's quality of life, understanding the usefulness of
mum daily recommended dosage of fluoride. Some labeling strategies for controlling its risk factors; however, the atti‑
inaccuracies were observed. tudes against ECC seem to be inaccurate, influenced by daily
routines, doubts and beliefs of parents. These findings con‑
tribute to the elucidation of barriers for the adherence and
12  |  Knowledge, beliefs, doubts and attitudes engagement of families in the prevention of dental caries.
of parents on early childhood caries: A qualitative
study
13  |  Oral health a constant challenge in
T. Cruvinel; M. Lotto; A. Strieder
intellectual disability: Case report
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health,
University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Brazil L. Canto; L. Pinzón; M. Rejón; N. Castro
Masters in Pediatric Dentistry, Resident, Universidad Autónoma de
Background: Although early childhood caries (ECC) is a Yucatán, Mexico
preventable disease, it still affects about 70% children world‑
wide, with higher rates among socioeconomic deprived Introduction: Oral hygiene continues to represent one of the
people. most significant challenges in patients with intellectual dis‑
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine knowledge, be‑ abilities. The aim of this case report is to present how specific
liefs, doubts and attitudes of parents and caregivers of pre‑ risk factors, can be approached to better the patient´s health
schoolers regarding ECC. and quality of life.
Design: Three focus groups were conducted with attend‑ Case Report: A 9  years old male patient with intellec‑
ees (n  =  18, 6/group) of the Clinics of Pediatric Dentistry tual disability (ID) was brought to the Pediatric Dentistry
from the Bauru School of Dentistry, Brazil. Specific activi‑ Department of UADY for dental assessment by her
ties were performed to encourage participants in mentioning mother who referred “bad breath”. During the anamne‑
and debating their perceptions and experiences on ECC. The sis the mother reported that she observed gingival bleed‑
meetings were filmed and audio recorded, and the contents ing and that the patient continually introduces his hand
were verbatim transcribed for further analyses. Textual pas‑ in his mouth. According to the neurological report the
sages were examined and coded using the software NVivo patient presented ID of an undetermined etiology, and he
12 Plus. was under medical treatment with risperidone. Specific
Results: Eight thematic categories emerged from these risk factors were identified, such as limited motor and ID,
analyses, according to the following order of importance: mother's lack of education, low socioeconomic incomes,
prevention, beliefs, disease, consequences, diet, breast‑ deficient oral hygiene, high cariogenic diet, anterior open
feeding, doubts and dentist‐patient relationship. The main bite and pharmacotherapy. The oral examination revealed
doubts were related to feeding, toothpaste, oral hygiene general accumulation of biofilm, increased gingival tis‑
and dental eruption. Despite the recognition of the role of sue volume, gingival bleeding at contact, dentoalveolar
abscess in the region of teeth 64 and 65, shovel shaped
ABSTRACTS   
|
   57

teeth 12 and 22, dental caries in teeth 55, 65, 75, 84, 85 chlorhexidine as mouthwash and the other was given a green
and anterior open bite. Dental treatment strategies included tea infusion. Saliva samples were taken on both groups be‑
instruction on caries and periodontal disease prevention fore and after the rinse.
and diet counseling to reduce the patient sucrose intake, Results: The green tea group, showed a reduction in the S.
as well as training the mother on the mechanical removal mutans count. However, the chlorhexidine group showed a
of dental biofilm; low speed prophylaxis, fluoride varnish statistically higher reduction of the strain. Comparing the
application, extraction of the teeth 54, 64, 65, 75 y 85 were pH level, there were no significant difference in the green
performed in order to eliminate sites of plaque retention tea group, and there was no difference in the chlorhexidine
and infectious processes. group.
Comments: Identification of the specific risk factors of a Conclusions: The infusion of Camellia sinensis at 10 g/100 ml
patient with ID with poor oral health, is the key for the does not reduce the count of CFU/ml of S. mutans in saliva
treatment strategies and prevention of the most common as much as chlorhexidine does. However, a decrease in the
diseases in the oral cavity. Oral health is a challenge in ID growth of the strain can be achieved but it doesn't seem to be
patients due to his lack of motor skills therefore motivate statistically significant.
the caregiver and reinforce preventive instruction at each
session to improve the quality of life. The ultimate goal
of the treatment and prevention strategies is to integrate 15  |  Effectiveness of infiltrant resins for masking
and promote independence in the maintenance of the oral
white spot lesions on pediatric patient: Case report
health in the patient.
Y. Wong‐Barba; C. A. Meléndez‐Wong; S. Favela‐Flores
Posgrado de Odontología Infantil, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila,
Mexico
14  |  Antimicrobial effect of Camellia Sinensis
(Green Tea) On Streptococci mutans, in children
Introduction: According to this current of minimally in‑
using dental fixed appliances vasive dentistry many dental techniques and materials have
A. Salinas; A. Ramírez; C. Meléndez been developed.
Pediatric Dentistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Mexico The technique of resin infiltration (Icon®) is presented as a
means for not only inhibiting injury progression, but also for
Background: According to WHO, caries is a public health an adequate rehabilitation of dentofacial esthetics. This new
problem affecting almost 80% of the world's population. type of resin works by infiltrating the demineralized tissue
Streptococcus mutans is an oral gram‐positive bacteria that and halting the spread of the lesion without the need for drill‑
has been identified as one of the main etiological agents of ing, for a restoration of natural enamel appearance.
dental caries. Its high pathogenicity is attributed to its capac‑ Case reports: This is a report of a case of a female aged
ity of biofilm formation, acidic production and high affinity 10 years old. She presented a moderate white spot lesion at
to incorporate different carbohydrate sources. the upper centrals. The rubber dam and dental floss were
Over the last two decades, green tea has drawn a lot of atten‑ applied to achieve dry working conditions. A 15% hydro‑
tion to its beneficial effects on health care. Its functional prop‑ chloric was applied on the surface layer of enamel for 120 s.
erties have been proved through years of intense research. Subsequently, thoroughly washed away for 30 s using a water
Green tea has the potential to become an alternative mouth‑ spray and dried. Frequencies of etching intervals needed to
wash for children who use fixed appliances to reduce the bac‑ be adapted to the depth of the white spot lesion. Deeper inju‑
terial load of S. mutants considering it is a natural product ries may require a greater number of etching intervals. In this
with no chemical components, easy availability, low cost and case, the etching has been repeated five times. The lesion was
with almost no side effects. desiccated using ethanol (99%; ICON‑Dry) for 30 s followed
Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the antimicrobial by air drying. A low‑viscosity resin (ICON‑Infiltrant) was
activity of the Camellia Sinensis infusion on the S. mutans applied to the enamel surface and allowed to penetrate inside
strain in the oral cavity. for 3 min. After light curing for 40 s, the application of infil‑
Design: The present study has an intervention design with trant resin was repeated once more for 1 min and light cured
a prospective, longitudinal, descriptive level data collection for 40 s. Finally, the roughened enamel surface was polished
planning. using composite resin polishing discs. Following infiltration,
Thirty children from ages 6 to 12 using fixed appliances such the enamel appearance has been re‐established, and the pa‑
as lingual arches, space maintainers, hyrax and quad helix tient was satisfied with the appearance of her teeth.
were divided into two groups. One group was given 12% Comments: Dentistry in recent years has taken a very im‑
portant step when trying to prevent diseases that affect the
 |
58       ABSTRACTS

tissues of the tooth or intercept in its initial stages, specifically reflection and modification of behaviors related to children`s
demineralization. The above with the premise of respecting oral health.
and conserving healthy tissue. It is necessary to bear in mind
that the DMG icon® is an excellent option to treat the initial
phases of demineralization that are not yet cavitated. 17  |  Assessment of the effectiveness of different
interventions to prevent or minimize oral mucositis
E. M. Martínez‐Perez; A. C. Murillo; C. M. Fernández
16  |  Validation of a multimedia resource for
Pediatric Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
the prevention of oral/dental problems in children,
Universidad de Costa Rica
Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a term that describes
S. Morales the inflammatory response of epithelial cells of the oral mu‑
Pediatric dentistry graduate program, Costa Rica State University, Costa cosa to the cytotoxic effects of oncology treatment. Its high
Rica incidence and impact on patients` quality of life and progno‑
sis have led to numerous studies and interventions for pre‑
Background: Dental care should be mainly directed to an vention and treatment, complicated by the lack of uniform
oral health promotion and seek to educate parents to promote standards.
healthy habits. Aim: The objective of this project is to evaluate the efficacy
Aim: The purpose of this research was to validate the Mi den- of different strategies for the control of oral mucositis pro‑
tista (My dentist) multimedia resource, by experts and users. cesses in Pediatric Oncohematology patients of the General
Design: The validation process of the proposed tool was ad‑ University Hospital Gregorio Marañón of Madrid. This pro‑
dressed on two fronts; the satisfaction part was evaluated by ject was developed in an earlier phase of the present study, in
the users (n = 20), and the pedagogical content and technical which the needs of the patients assisted in this section were
aspects of the multimedia were validated by experts (n = 10); evaluated and a preventive protocol was carried out.
this was done in three stages. Four instruments were used, Design: The data is collected through a guided questionnaire
three questionnaires were used for the experts and one for within a prospective study, on a sample of eight patients
users: student questionnaire, questionnaire for content ex‑ undergoing oncohematological treatment. In them, the pre‑
pert, questionnaire for expert in pedagogy with technology, ventive protocol is established one week before each cycle
satisfaction survey for users. After collecting the feedback and they are instructed to start with the use of a gel of chlo‑
provided by the ten expert participants, in the three stages, rhexidine and hyaluronic acid, as soon as the first symptoms
and modifying the product after each stage, we proceeded appear. The data are compared with the results of the same
with the validation of the latest version of the multimedia, questionnaire applied in a sample examined in the previous
carried out by 20 users. phase of the project after the use of other products for the
Results: The evaluation by experts in the three stages rec‑ treatment of mucositis.
ommended the use of multimedia proposing slight changes Results: A reduction in the severity of oral mucositis was
and in the validation by users 90% found easy access and found in children who used the gel compared to other strat‑
visualization and 10% found it medium grade. No partici‑ egies. However, the results showed that we confirm that
pant found these variables to a difficult degree. The totality oral hygiene is the best measure to alleviate mucositis.
of the users affirmed that they learned something new and Both the brushing with the products used will reduce the
that they would recommend that the multimedia be avail‑ presence and degree of mucositis. In the questionnaire, the
able for companions in the waiting rooms of dental clinic patients who used chlorhexidine gel reported discomfort
offices. when using the product and patients who used hyaluronic
Conclusions: The validation of the multimedia product My acid reported a rapid recovery from ulceration without
Dentist by three groups of experts and a group of users pro‑ discomfort.
vides confidence in the quality, not only of the functional as‑ Conclusions: It is necessary to determine the elements that
pects, but also in the contents and techniques, therefore this an intervention protocol must contain in oncohematological
process allowed improvements that guaranteed the satisfac‑ children: oral hygiene and prevention / treatment of mucosi‑
tion of the users. The multimedia technological product My tis. There are some promising lines of research in this regard
Dentist is an algorithmic resource that allows exercise and but it is still necessary to carry out more studies.
practice; This proved to be an efficient tool to not only trans‑
mit knowledge in an entertaining and innovative way, but
also to guarantee through its components the promotion of
ABSTRACTS   
   59
|
18  |  Preventive dental management of a patient 19  |  Oral health in children attending a
with West syndrome and Down syndrome. Case postnatal home visiting program
report G. Tsilingaridis; I. Brännemo; G. Dahllöf
V. Ibarra‐González; R. Salgado; F. Yañez Dental Medicine, Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry,
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Department of the Specialty in Pediatric Dentistry, Universidad de
Guadalajara, México
Background: Despite improvements in oral health among
Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent children in Sweden, children living in areas characterized
genetic cause of mental retardation. Clinically, it presents a by low socio‐economic status still have a significant disease
series of well‐defined characteristics. The prevalence world‑ burden with regard to dental caries. Special efforts to pre‑
wide is between 1 in 1000 and 1 in every 1100 newborns. vent disease development in this group of children have so
West syndrome is a rare form of severe epilepsy, which usu‑ far been unsuccessful.
ally manifests between 3 and 7 months of age; characterized Aim: To evaluate caries development in children attending
by the combination of spasms in groups and an EEG pat‑ an extended postnatal home visiting program in a disadvan‑
tern of hypsarrhythmia. Its prevalence in México is estimated taged area in Stockholm, Sweden.
between 1 and 1.6/100,000 live births, associated in 1–5% Design: In addition to the regular Child Health Program, all
of children with (DS). This association responds positively first‐born children in the intervention area were offered five
to antiepileptic treatment due to early diagnosis. At the oral extra home visits before the age of 15 months, performed by
level, patients with (DS) and West syndrome usually present a child health nurse and a parental advisor from social ser‑
together or separately: xerostomia due to medication inges‑ vices. They provided the parents with a toothbrush and tooth‑
tion and caries increase; gingival hyperplasia; alterations of paste at infant's age around 6 months. Caries development in
the eruption and secondary malocclusion to gum enlarge‑ the children participating in the extended postnatal home vis‑
ment; scars on tongue and labial mucosa as a consequence iting program was compared with a non‐intervention group
of trauma during crises and/or severe attrition; low muscle of children at 18 and 36  months of age. ICDAS II criteria
tone; periodontal disease, mouth breathing, diet, and diffi‑ was used for caries registration. The parents also answered
culty brushing. a structured interview concerning dental background, dental
Case reports: Four‐year‐old male patient was referred to trauma, dietary habits and tooth brushing.
the pediatric dentistry department of the Comprehensive Results: At 18‐months of age, parental assistance with tooth
Medical Care Clinic in Tepatitlán, Jalisco. He was the brushing twice daily was significantly more common in the
fourth child of 4, of healthy non‐consanguineous parents. intervention group (P 0.05) and there were no children with
His mother was 44 years old and the pregnancy was not fol‑ decayed teeth (ICDAS 3–6) in the intervention group com‑
lowed up. Upon admission, the mother reported a previous pared to 7% in the comparison group (P 0.05). At 36‐months
diagnosis of West Syndrome, caused by a brain injury; as of age, there were no significant difference in prevalence of
well as (DS). In the extraoral examination, we observed fa‑ decayed teeth between the groups but the overall caries prev‑
cies of (DS), microcephaly, short neck, brachydactyly and alence (ICDAS 1–6) was significantly lower in the interven‑
delayed development of the psychomotor and axial hypo‑ tion group (P 0.05). Parental assistance with tooth brushing
tonia. In the intraoral examination, macroglossia and tri‑ twice daily was still significantly more common in the inter‑
angular palate and generalized hyperplasia were observed; vention group (P 0.05). Pearson Chi‐Square test was used for
carious lesions are observed in the anterosuperior zone in comparison of proportion.
the initial stage. Prophylaxis was performed, topical fluo‑ Conclusions: This study demonstrates that an extended post‑
ride was applied and her mother was instructed the proper natal home visiting program in this unit of children had a
brushing technique. beneficial effect on caries prevalence and tooth brushing hab‑
Comments: Knowing more about the association of these its at 18 and 36‐months of age.
syndromes by doctors and parents, it will reduce the time to
diagnose this disease and thus provide the multidisciplinary
care required for these children. The intervention of the pedi‑
atric dentist is essential as part of the essential medical care
for the quality of life of these patients.
 |
60       ABSTRACTS

20  |  Concentration of fluoride and silver ions in communication and language. Asperger syndrome is a high
commercial preparations of silver diamine fluoride functional type of autism within ASD, characterized by its
solutions very disturbed social skills, communication problems with‑
out an important speech and cognitive delay, who become
J. Patel; M. Smirk; R. Anthonappa intensely interested in one or two subjects whose knowledge
UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Australia about that topic is superior for what's expected for their age.
Autism itself doesn't have oral characteristics or diseases dif‑
Background: Over the last decade there has been a renewed ferent from what you can find in a patient without ASD, al‑
interest in the use of Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in the though there´s a higher prevalence in caries and periodontal
management of caries in high‐risk groups. Previous studies disease due to poor oral hygiene and an unappropriated diet
have found a difference in clinical efficacy among different high in carbohydrates and sugars, this in addition to a com‑
concentrations of SDF as well as discrepancies between ex‑ plex management in dental office. Oral hygiene can be a real
pected and tested concentrations of fluoride and silver in SDF challenge for these patients, either because of coordination
preparations. difficulties in executing a correct brushing technique, or for
Aim: Found a difference in clinical efficacy among different all the different sensations and textures while brushing their
concentrations of SDF. teeth. It's been seen that the use of powered toothbrushes in
Design: Seven SDF products for caries control were stud‑ ASD patients result in a significant improvement in plaque
ied. Their expected fluoride ion concentrations ranged control and gingival health, compared to manual ones.
were either 35,400 or 44,800  ppm corresponding to 30% Case reports: ASD and High sensitivity male adolescent pa‑
and 38% SDF solutions. The solutions were diluted with tient of 11 years and 4 months old with potentially coopera‑
deionised water using a 1:100 dilution before undergoing tive behavior, second transitional phase mixed dentition, high
fluoride and silver testing. The fluoride ion concentrations caries risk. Biofilm induced Gingivitis. Treatment: Change
were determined with an ion‐selective electrode while sil‑ from manual toothbrush to a powered one and perform tooth‑
ver concentrations were determined using optical emission brushing without toothpaste while playing at the computer,
spectrometry. then before bed, perform brushing with toothpaste in front of
Results: The 30% solution tested contained almost half the a mirror for 30 s per quadrant, with a timer.
fluoride concentration and a much high silver ion concentra‑ Comments: Dental treatment of ASD patients require a spe‑
tion than what was expected (16,343 ppm F, 246,000 ppm cial and individualized management, adapting to the patient´s
Ag). Comparatively the mean of the remaining six 38% needs, cooperation capacity, likes and dislikes, involving
solutions was 74,802 (expected mean 44,800  ppm) rang‑ their parents and educators throughout the process. In this
ing from 36,457 ppm F to 120,760 ppm F. The mean sil‑ case, following the patient's preferences and characteristics,
ver concentration was 326,000  ppm Ag (expected mean it was decided to change the manual toothbrush for a pow‑
253,870  ppm Ag) and ranged from 246,000  ppm to ered one, timing the duration of the brushing procedure for
425,451 ppm. the treatment of Gingivitis, improving plaque control, gingi‑
Conclusions: The seven SDF tested solutions varied consid‑ val health and habits.
erably in both fluoride and silver ion concentration from what
was expected. Variation in composition of SDF solutions has
the potential to impact their clinical efficacy and improved 22  |  Assessment of pediatric dental health
standardisation of products may be required.
knowledge among parents in Hungary
I. Szántó; B. Sándor; F. Müller
21  |  Treatment of generalized gingivitis Department of Pediatrics and Orthodontics, University of Pécs Medical
Faculty, Dental School, Hungary
associated with biofilm in a patient with autism
spectrum disorder. Case report Background: The dental education since early stages is so
C. Ferrada; V. Flores; B. Weihrauch important to avoid a few dental problems, although, this in‑
Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Chile formation does not reach all the population.
Aim: The aim of this study is to measure the child dental
Introduction: Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neu‑ health knowledge of parents in Hungary.
ropsychiatric disorder that includes a group of diseases Design: An anonym questionnaire was developed and
where different areas of the human development are globally made available on Google docs and also on paper form.
and severely affected, such as social interaction, behavior, Within the 4  months research period, the questionnaire
was downloaded and/or filled accurate by 1096 parents
ABSTRACTS   
|
   61

or caregivers, 1000 filled forms were selected randomly. cheeks, high and prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epi‑
These 1000 items were collected, which is evaluated a rep‑ thelial folds, flat nasal bridge, low implantation pinna, short
resentative sample nationwide. The questionnaire provided neck, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary insufficiency, hip
all essential questions of parental information and educa‑ dysplasia and varo equine foot. At intraoral examination,
tions on child's dental health. Responses were entered into smooth cheek tissue without alteration, xerostomia, thin and
MS excel chart and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics long tongue, ogival palate, fistula at labial vestibule level,
version 25.0. red, smooth and shiny gum, mixed dentition with 24 teeth
Results: Eighty‐four percent of parents answered, that tooth present, and restorations with amalgam in dental organs, 54,
brushing effectiveness is independent from the age of the 55, 64, 65, 74, 75, 84 and 85. Reconditioning of OD # 55 with
child, and the half of parents do not visit the paediatric dentist fill up (COLTENE®).
with their child, only in case of emergency. Next to this two Comments: It is important to know about this syndrome, due
samples many other measurements were analyzed, and com‑ to the psychomotor and intellectual disability that occurs in
pared to the data of other Middle‐European countries. Our patients and makes complete dependence from parents neces‑
measurements show the similar tendency with other countries. sary. We need to know widely the management and focus on
Conclusions: Following our study it is unequivocally visible the prevention of diseases and/or injuries in the oral cavity
that the dentists of Middle‐European Countries have great before they advance to more complex treatments that would
task to change the dental templates among the population. subject the patient to intense pain, stress, infections which
Generally, we saw, the Hungarian adults are unfortunately could put her life at risk.
low educated in dental questions. This study was supported by
Colgate Hungary, and the Grant EFOP‐3.6.2‐16‐2017‐00006
“Live Longer”. 24  |  Antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of
the mouthwash nanodent against oral pathogens
D. Silva; C. Cabral; R. Hernández
23  |  Chromosomal aberration: trisomy 12p in
Posgrado Odontopediatría, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular UANL,
pediatric patient. Report of a case
Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León UANL,
M. F. Resendiz‐Valenzuela; D. Guzman; V. Sanchez México

Department of the specialty in Pediatric Dentistry, Universidad de

Guadalajara, México Introduction: To evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of
NanoDent mouthwash based on lipophilic bismuth nanopar‑
Introduction: Trisomy 12p is a rare chromosomal ab‑ ticles to remove the oral biofilm.
normality with an estimated incidence of 1/50,000. Since Case report: The lipophilic nanoparticles of bismuth were
the first characterization of a patient with trisomy 12p by synthesized by colloidal method and characterized by scan‑
Uchida and Lin [1973] more than 40 patients have been ning electron microscopy. The NanoDent rinse was prepared
reported. This disorder is mainly caused by an error in taking BisBAL NPs as an active ingredient. The antimicro‑
the segregation of a parental chromosome associated with bial activity was analyzed by disc diffusion assay and MTT
a translocation, de novo duplication of the short arm and cell viability assays. The antibiotic activity of the NanoDent
mosaicism. Depending on the aberration, the survival can rinse was determined by means of fluorescence microscopy.
be up to 30 years. We report the case of a 12p trisomy in a The possible cytotoxicity of the BisBAL NPs was analyzed
13‐year‐old pediatric patient with cleft lip and palate and using a primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts via
ogival palate. FMCA cell viability assays. The synthesized nanoparticles
Case reports: Thirteen‐year‐old female patient, product of showed spherical morphology, with a size of 28 nm, narrow
the 4th pregnancy of non‐consanguineous parents. Term distribution, grouped in nanoclusters. The antimicrobial ac‑
pregnancy, without fetal distress. She was diagnosed with tivity of the NanoDent rinse on S. orals showed to have a
trisomy 12 and severe mental retardation. Reported with Halo of inhibition greater than Colgate Plax kids. In the ac‑
recurrent pneumonia, environmental allergies, asthma, hy‑ tivity antibiofilm NanoDent showed a 100% removal of the
perthyroidism and cleft lip and palate and gastroesophageal oral biofilm. Gingival fibroblasts retained more than 80% cell
reflux. Her medication consists of magnesium valproate, lev‑ viability by exposing them to BisBAL NPs.
otorixin, olanzapine, carbamazepine, montelukast and sen‑ Comments: NanoDent mouth rinse is an innovative product
nosides AB. Physical examination: Delay in growth; weight not present commercially in the market and with an superior
13 kg, size 100 cm. positive effect to existing commercial products.
At extra‐oral examination she presents turricephaly, undevel‑
oped occiput, facial asymmetry, round face with prominent
 |
62       ABSTRACTS

25  |  Interdisciplinary treatment of patient with Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores UNAM Unidad
Trecher Collins syndrome: Case report León, diagnosed with TCS and secondary cleft palate. The
first phase of the treatment was based on the evaluation by
T. G. Ayala1; A. Mendoza2; B. Lopez2; T. D. Mondragon3 the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ensuring
1
Second Year Resident of Paediatric Dentistry, Escuela Nacional de the integrity of the airway and achieving the correct feed‑
Estudios Superiores UNAM Unidad León, León, Mexico; 2Department
ing of the patient. As a second phase, the Department of
of Lip and Cleft Palate of the program “TiENES que sonreír, UNAMos
esfuerzos”, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores UNAM Unidad
Paediatric Dentistry makes preventive interventions every
León, León, Mexico; 3Coordination of Paediatric Dentistry, Escuela 3 months based on the American Dental Association, to keep
Nacional de Estudios Superiores UNAM Unidad León, León, Mexico the patient in a low caries profile through hygiene techniques
and diet recommendations, in order to maintain oral health in
Introduction: The Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) good condition of the patient. The third phase will begin with
or mandibular dysostosis has an estimated incidence of the surgical intervention of the patient for the realization of
1:50,000 live births. It is a genetic disorder of craniofacial palatoplasty. For 1 year the patient has been kept free of cavi‑
development characterized by symmetrical and bilateral oto‑ ties and with good oral hygiene, the mother is oriented in oral
mandibular dysplasia, associated with various head and neck health education; achieving recognition of the importance of
anomalies, but without involvement of the extremities. The dental consultation and its interdisciplinary management.
interventions of these patients should be planned in an inter‑ Comments: The role of the paediatric dentist is key to the
disciplinary approach. To describe the importance of mul‑ management of these patients, intervening from birth with
tidisciplinary management and preventive oral treatment in guidelines for prevention, hygiene and nutrition. As well as a
patients with TCS. control and monitoring of its growth, to later intervene ortho‑
Case report: Male patient comes for the first time at the age of pedically. An oral health plan individualized to the specific
3 months to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Paediatric needs of children with syndromes aims to minimize the most
Dentistry service by the Department of Lip and Cleft Palate frequent pathology in these children.
program “TiENES que sonreír, UNAMos esfuerzos” of the