CONTROL
ENGINEERING
Sangamesh C M
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
CONTROL ENGINEERING
Introduction
Sangamesh C M
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Control Engineering
Introduction
UNIT:1 Introduction to automatic control system
Class 1
In this class you learn about some basic concepts about
control, concept of automatic controls, types of control
systems and practical example's of control system.
Lesson Content
Concepts of
Control system
Concept of automatic controls
Types of control systems
Example's of control system
Control Engineering
Introduction
Basics of control system
System: is the collection of components which are coordinated
together to perform certain objectives or it is an arrangement
of different physical components which act together to
perform certain objectives is called system.
Control : control means to direct or regulate or command.
Control system: is an arrangement of different physical
elements are connected in such a manner so as to regulate,
direct or command itself or some other system.
Every physical object is a system.
Control Engineering
Introduction
Basic Components of Control System
Input
System or Control System
Output
basic components of the control system
Control Engineering
Introduction
Input
Input
It is an applied signal or excitation applied to a control
system from an external source in order to produce the
output is called input
Control Engineering
Introduction
Output
Input Output
The actual response obtained from a system is called
output.
Control Engineering
Introduction
System
Input SYSTEM Output
A system is an arrangement of or a combination of
different physical components connected or related in
such a manner so as to form an entire unit to attain a
certain objective.
Control Engineering
Introduction
Difference between system and control system
Input Proper
system Output
(May or may not
be desired)
Input
Control Desired
System output
Control Engineering
Introduction
Concept of Automatic Control system with manual
Automatic control is widely employed in many technological
and biological systems.
To perform operations not feasible for a man because of the
necessity of processing a large amount of data in a limited
time
It is also used to increase the productivity of labor and the
quality and accuracy of regulation and to free men from cont
rolling systems that operate under conditions which are relat
ively inaccessible or hazardous to health.
Control Engineering
Introduction
Concept of Automatic Control system with manual
If you are driving the car yourself, you are performing
manual control of the car.
Control Engineering
Introduction
Examples of Automatic Control system with manual
Examples include
air conditioners
refrigerators
automatic rice cookers
microvan
automatic ticketing machines, etc.
An air conditioner, for example, uses a thermostat to detect
the temperature and control the operation of its electrical
parts to keep the room temperature at a preset constant.
Control Engineering
Introduction
Examples of Automatic Control system block diagram
Control Engineering
Introduction
Types of Control System
1. Natural control system and Man-made control system
Control Engineering
Introduction
Types of Control System
1. Natural control system and Man-made control system
Natural control system: It is a control system that is created
by nature, i.e. solar system, digestive system of any animal,
etc.
Pancreas : Regulate blood glucose levels
Eye : fallow moving object
Hand : pick up an object place it at predetermined place
etc.
Control Engineering
Introduction
Types of Control System
Man-made control system: It is a control system that is
created by humans, i.e. automobile, power plants etc.
Manmade control systems: The various systems used in
daily life are designed and manufactured by human being.
• Systems like vehicles, switches, various controllers, etc.
are called manmade control systems.
Control Engineering
Introduction
Types of Control System
2. Automatic control system and Combinational control
system
Automatic control system: It is a control system that is
made by using basic theories from mathematics and
engineering. This system mainly has sensors, actuators and
responders.
Combinational control system: It is a control system that is
a combination of natural and man-made control systems,
i.e. driving a car etc.
Control Engineering
Introduction
Types of Control System
3. Linear control system and Non-linear control system
Linear control system: It is a control system that satisfies
properties of homogeneity and additive, x and y
belonging to the domain of the function f, we have
Additive property : f ( x +y) = f ( x ) + f ( y )
x belongings to domain of function f and for any scalar
constant α, we have
Homogeneous property : f(α x) = α f (x)
Control Engineering
Introduction
Types of Control System
3. Linear control system and Non-linear control system
Non-linear control system: It is a control system that
does not satisfy properties of homogeneity and additive.
i.e. f ( x) = x^2 is non linear as,
(X1 + X2 )^2 ≠ X1 ^2 + X2 ^2)
and (α x)^2 ≠ α( x)^2 .
It is very difficult to have a linear system satisfying the
above two properties perfectly
Control Engineering
Introduction
Examples of Natural control systems
Natural control system
Control Engineering
Introduction
Examples of control systems
Speed control system
Control Engineering
Introduction
Examples of control systems
Water-level float regulator
THANK YOU
Sangamesh C M
Department of Mechanical Engineering
[email protected]
+91 8073038517
