BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

ARP-431

HIGH RISE STRUCTURES

SUBMITTED BY : SHREYA SOOD

17BAR1013
HIGH RISE BUILDINGS:
• There are different definition for high rise construction.
-A high-rise building is one with four floors or more, or one 15 meters or more in
height.
-Buildings between 75 feet and 491 feet (23 m to 150 m) high are considered high-
rise.
-Buildings taller than 492 feet (150 m) are classified as skyscrapers.
TYPES OF MATERIALS USED IN HIGH-RISE STRUCTURES:
• Cast iron :- Cast Iron use has been overtaken by Steel. Cast Iron has little
strength in tension but is very strong in compression. It can still be found in
some older High-Rise buildings, usually to provide structural beams and
columns.
• Glass :- Float glass with double glass is used in tall buildings . Tempered glass
is used in tall buildings instead of plain glass, as that would shatter at such
height.
• Steel :- steel is been mostly preferred due to its melting point is high at 1300C
due to which it acts as a good thermal conductor .
• Aluminium :-Aluminium is a relatively soft and light metal with a melting point
of 660C. Its lightness means it has uses in the construction industry for
nonstructural items, such as door and window frames and external cladding
• Reinforced concrete :- A relatively modern addition to concrete has been fiber
reinforcement. This can be as a replacement to in addition to conventional
steel reinforcement.
• P.V.C. (Poly vinyl chloride )- Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride is a lightweight
is widely used as a framing and cladding material ,it is also extensively used
in plumbing as pipe material for waste and rainwater .
FACTORS AFFECTING HIGH-RISE STRUCTURES:
• Loads acting on high rise structures :
a) Gravity loads – Dead load, Live loads, Snow loads
b) Lateral loads – Wind loads
C) Special load cases – Impact loads , Blast loads
STRUCTURAL CONCERNS ( climatic factors )
The primary structural skeleton of a tall building can be visualized as a vertical cantiliver
beam with its base fixed in the ground . The structure has to carry the vertical gravity loads
and the lateral winds and earthquake loads.
The gravity loads are caused by dead load and the live load. The building should have
adequate shear and bending resistance and must not lose its vertical load-carrying
capability .
WINDS :
• Wind load are always important for tall buildings ,which form a vertical cantilever
resisting the horizontal wind pressure on one side and horizontal suction on the other
side.
• The skyscrapers pushes down on into the ground . But when the winds blows , the
columns in the windy side strretch apart and the columns on the other side squeeze
together .
WIND RESISTANCE :
• For taller skyscrapers , to keep the buildings from swaying heavily , engineers have to
construct especially strong cores through the center of the building .
• The effects of which can also be minimized by aerodynamic shaping of the building .
• Use of damping system :A damping system in a building is much larger and is also
designed to absorb the violent shocks of an earthquake. The size of the dampers
depend on the size of the building. Wind loads
aerodynamic shaping
CLASSIFICATION OF TALL BUILDING STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
Structural systems of tall buildings can be divided into two broad categories:
1)INTERIOR STRUCTURES
2)EXTERIOR STRUCURES
• INTERIOR STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
1) RIGID FRAME:
A rigid frame in structural engineering is the load-resisting skeleton constructed with straight or curved members
interconnected by mostly rigid connections which resist movements induced at the joints of members.
Consist of columns and girders joined by moment resistant connections.
Can build upto 20 to 25 floors
2)SHEAR WALL STRUCTURE:
Concrete or masonry continuous vertical walls may serve both architecturally partitions and structurally to carry
gravity and lateral loading. Very high in plane stiffness and strength make them ideally suited for bracing tall building
Usually built as the core of the building
Can build upto 35 Floors
3)OUTRIGGER STRUCTURES:
The core may be centrally located with outriggers extending on both sides or in some cases it may be located on one
side of the building with outriggers extending to the building columns on the other side
The outriggers are generally in the form of trusses (1 or 2 story deep) in steel structures, or walls in concrete
structures, that effectively act as stiff headers inducing a tension-compression couple in the outer columns.
Can build upto 150 floors
• EXTERIOR STRUCTURES
1)TUBE SYSTEM :
The assembly of columns and beams forms a rigid frame that amounts to a dense and strong structural wall along
the exterior of the building
The tube system concept is based on the idea that a building can be designed to resist lateral loads by designing it
as a hollow cantilever perpendicular to the ground
 The different tubular systems are-
1)Framed tube 3)Bundled tube​
2)Braced tube 4)Tube in tube
2)Diagrid systems
With their structural efficiency as a varied version of the tubular systems, diagrid structures have been emerging as a
new aesthetic trend for tall buildings in this era of pluralistic styles.
3)Space truss Space truss structures are modified braced tubes with diagonals connecting the exterior to interior.
In a typical braced tube structure, all the diagonals, which connect the chord members – vertical corner columns in
general, are located on the plane parallel to the facades

4)Exo skeleton structure

In exoskeleton structures, lateral load-resisting systems are placed outside the building lines away from their
facades.
Due to the system’s compositional characteristics, it acts as a primary building identifier – one of the major roles
of building facades in general cases.
Fire proofing of the system is not a serious issue due to its location outside the building line.

5)Super frame structures

Superframe structures can create ultra high-rise buildings upto 160 floors.
Superframes or Megaframes assume the form of a portal which is provided on the exterior of a building.
The frames resist all wind forces as an exterior tubular structure. The portal frame of the Superframe is
composed of vertical legs in each corner of the building which are linked by horizontal elements at about every 12
to 14 floors.
Since the vertical elements are concentrated in the corner areas of the building, maximum efficiency is obtained
for resisting wind forces.
 THE EMPIRE STATE •The Structure of the tower is braced steel frame with semi-
BUILT:1931, New York rigid connections. It remains stiffest of the tower for its
STOREY: 102 (Art Deco Skyscraper) height, due to largely due to heavy cladding that is designed
TALL: 1250 FEET to stiffen the frame
Architect: Shreve Lamb & Harmon
MATERAIAL USED: 60,000 Tons of
steel 10 Million Bricks Marble of
Different types
Foundation: 16.7 m below ground

•Single core system: The system structure of

•Architectural designs also rely a tall building with a center single core
heavily on vertical elements that •Shear Walls: To resist the
lateral load caused by wind and (single core) and within short columns
emphasize height, creating the (mullion) which bear the floor with the core
impression that this modern Earthquake
•The Assembly of shear wall is of the building
building is racing towards the . •The core of the building bears the vertical
sky. known as “Coupled Shear Wall”
•Belt Trusses distribute the load is also burdened with a horizontal force
•It was the most ambitious use due to the earthquake and wind.
of steel-frame architecture at the tensile and compressive force
to the large no of exterior truss •There are windows on four sides providing
time, a modern demonstration excellent light and views
of the power of industrial
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
technology.
•. The exterior is covered in The Empire State Building was constructed using up to date
limestone and granite, accented technology. A substantial concrete base was laid as a foundation to
with aluminum for extra luster. take the weight of the steel framework of the building. All the steel
This combination of materials sections were prefabricated, that is, manufactured in a steel mill
was very common in Art and transported to the construction site. The sections were
Deco,and promoted an aesthetic manufactured to exact sizes to within 2mm tolerance and prepared
that was industrial and modern. so that they could either be bolted together or joined with rivets.
Steel columns and beams were to be Steel-frame construction allowed a
used to form a stable 3-D grid. Because building to support more weight,
the column grids were to be closely allowing for taller structures. The
spaced, the open spaces in the building elevator was a vital invention that
would be obstructed. As a result, there could provide access to upper floors -
would be no column-free spaces on any no one would lease space on the 50th
of the building's floors. floor if they had to take the stairs to
get there.

KINGFISHER TOWER (BANGALORE )

The use of structural steel not only helped in
Kingfisher Towers is a luxury avoiding shuttering but also minimized construction
residential development time
comprising of approximately 82 . Composite construction reduces the cost of the
luxury flats in a 34-floor tower, structure as compared to construction in solely
located on Vittal Mallya Road, R.C.C or Steel and significantly reduced structural
Bangalore. member sizes and considered aesthetics of indoor
Architect: Thomas Associates spaces.
Area : 8321 [Link] The structure did not require provision of a central
Storey : 34 core with shear walls as the stiffness of the towers
Material used : R.C.C and steel was enough due to its intermittent connections at
The structure is designed recreational levels.
The foundation of the structure as a R.C.C framed This structure made use of two cranes placed on the
was designed as per the soil structure benefited from
investigation reports as isolated south side of the structure which outstretched their
the use of Composite arms to provide support to the northern end of the
footings due to the voids in the Construction in specific
soil . structure during construction of the scissors and
large load carrying cantilevered girders
members.
The unique aspect and a design challenge of this
structure was the two-storey Penthouse. Using Steel
The penthouse is supported on thirty-three-meter- The variation of floor plan from parking to
long and five-meter-deep structural steel trusses residential suits to intermittent recreational
which are resting on southern peripheral columns floors and subsequently the penthouse
required floating of major columns
Within the penthouse area they have provided a
column free space spanning fifteen meters which The southern elevation shows five
is supported on one-meter-deep rib beams . prominent recreational levels which have
The use of inclined scissor-shaped struts to restricted beam depths and floating
support the cantilevers at the penthouse. These columns. The structure designed as a
unique features as compared to simple-inclined R.C.C framed structure benefited from
the use of composite construction in
struts make the structure stand out.
specific large load carrying members .
Precast R.C.C. brackets were fitted with steel
plates for bolted connections to the hollow steel
sections of the struts.

Composite construction reduces the cost of

the structure as compared to construction in
solely R.C.C or steel and significantly
reduced structural member sizes and
considered aesthetics of indoor spaces
 NOTES-
HIGH RISE STRUCTURE ALL THE DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

24 M
WIDE
ROAD
153000

LVL +
- 0M
101000
24 M WIDE ROAD
LVL+15.6M
LVL+78.6M 101000

153000

NOIDA
- GREA
TER N
OIDA L
INK RO
AD (13
0M)

KEY PLAN

SITE ZONING

24 M
WIDE
153000

ROAD
LVL +
- 0M
101000
24 M WIDE ROAD
LVL+15.6M
LVL+78.6M 101000

JUMP FORMWORK
SHEAR WALL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
Also known as CLIMBING FORM.
153000

It provides large strength & stiffness to buildings .

NOIDA It resists lateral forces. Highly productive system minimum labour & time requirement.
- GREA
TER N Suitable for construction of SHEAR WALLS .
OIDA L
INK RO
AD (13
0M)

CONCEPT SITE PLAN

FORMWORK AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

50362.00
PARAPET WALL 200 mm THICK
SHEAR WALL (400MM THICK)
DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS
SHEAR WALL 400 MM THICK
WITH ALUMINIUM PLATING BEAM (400X400MM)
COLUMN( 400X400MM) BUILDING MATERIALS
DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS
AND CONSTRUCTIONS

60000.00
80mm THICK SLAB (200MM)

67500.00
FALSE CEILING (400MM)
CENTRAL CORE

HIGH RISE STRUCTURE

GROUP - 6

23100.00
(400 X 400) mm R.C.C

16800.00
Y COLUMN PLINTH (600MM)
PLINTH LVL+600 mm BASEMENT SCALE- DATE-
SHEAR WALL FOUNDATION

2000
FRONT ELEVATION 150MM DEEP CUSHION

15000
BEAM 400X400
PILE CAP 600 MM DEEP
15000MM DEEP PILE
24/8/20
RAFT BED 2000MM DEEP
100022.00
100022.00
20605.54 19665.90 30800.00
18252.00 10800.00 19698.57 10800.00 49657.54 9698.57 9865.90
200 mm THICK R.C.C REMARKS-
PARAPET WALL
20594.00

(400 X 400) mm COLUMN

CORE (10400X10400) mm CORE (10400X10400) mm
50046.00

50046.00
CORE (10400X10400) mm

10800.00
CORE (10400X10400) mm DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS
80mm THICK
10800.00

A A' CORE (10400X10400) mm A A' CORE (10400X10400) mm

10800.00
200 mm THICK R.C.C
PARAPET SHEAR WALL 400 MM THICK SHEET NO.-
WALL FOURTH FLOOR PLAN OF OFFICE+RESIDENTIAL
TERRACE PLAN OF OFFICE+RESIDENTIAL
1
A B C D E F G H I J K

100022.00
30800.00 20304.10 30800.00 9865.90
8252.00 1
SUBMITTED BY-
2
SHREYA 17BAR1013
10592.00

CORE (10400X10400) mm 3
YASHASVI 17BAR1029
50046.00
30802.00

DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS

80mm THICK
(400 X 400) mm R.C.C COLUMN
4 VANSHIKA 17BAR1031
A
A A' CORE (10400X10400) mm A'
5
MONIKA 17BAR1046

CU
Y X
SHEAR WALL 400 MM THICK 6
8652.00

FIRST FLOOR PLAN OF OFFICE+RESIDENTIAL FOUNDATION PLAN

PLANS AND ELEVATIONS

 NOTES-

BEAM ALL THE DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.

12MM BARS BOTHWAYS (150MMC/C)
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
40MM COVER 24 M
WIDE
40MM COVER SHEAR WALL 400 MM
ROAD
153000

12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C 12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C LVL +

- 0M
ALUMINIUM
THICK PANELS 6mm THICK 24 M WIDE ROAD
15000 MM DEEP PILE(DIA 300MM) 101000

LVL+15.6M
15000 MM DEEP PILE(DIA 300MM)
20MM COVER THERMAL SEPARATOR EXTERNAL GLASS 20mm LVL+78.6M 101000

20MM COVER AIR GAP 40mm

2880
2880

400X400 COLUMN 400X400 COLUMN INTERNAL GLASS 20mm

ACM REVEAL NOIDA
153000

16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS 16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS ALUMINIUM FRAME - GREA
TER N
OIDA L
R.C.C COLUMN INK RO
AD (13
ACM EXTRUSION CLIP 400X400 mm 0M)

2880
2880
ALUMINIUM PLANEL JOINERY DETAIL AT Y KEY PLAN
PLAN (DETAIL 'Y') 400X400 COLUMN PLAN (DETAIL 'X')
40MM COVER JOINERY DETAIL
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C 400X400 COLUMN
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C 40MM COVER
30MM THICK MARBLE HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C

150
150MM THICK PCC BED
500150

500
DRY RUBBLE 30MM THICK MARBLE
150MM THICK PCC BED POLYSULPHIDE PRIMARY SEAL EXTERNAL GLASS 20mm
DRY RUBBLE DISECANT AIR GAP 40mm
2000

16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS INTERNAL GLASS 20mm

16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS

2000
DISECANT

150
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C 12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C INTERNAL GLASS 20mm POLYSULPHIDE PRI. SEAL
150

150 MM PCC CUSHION 150 MM PCC CUSHION AIR GAP 40mm FASTENER
EXTERNAL GLASS MULLION
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C 12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C RUBBER GASKET
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS 20mm RETAINER CLIP
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
DRY RUBBLE DISECANT

15000
DRY RUBBLE
15000

PILE CAP 600MM THICK POLYSULPHIDE PRIMARY SEAL

PILE CAP 600MM THICK
20MM COVER 20MM COVER
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS JOINERY DETAIL AT X
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C

125
MS SHOE MS SHOE
ROCK
125

ROCK
RAFT BED 2000 MM DEEP
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS (150MMC/C)
RAFT BED 2000 MM DEEP
FACADE DETAILS
SECTIONAL ELEVATION (DETAIL 'Y') 16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS SECTIONAL ELEVATION (DETAIL 'X')
BEAM

SHEAR WALL FOUNDATION

12MM BARS BOTHWAYS (150MMC/C)
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
40MM COVER
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C
15000 MM DEEP PILE(DIA 300MM) 40MM COVER
20MM COVER VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA,50MM C/C

15000
2880

400X400 COLUMN HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA,100MM C/C

16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
15000 MM DEEP PILE (DIA 300MM)

MS SHOE
PLAN (DETAIL 'Z')
125
2880

40MM COVER
400X400 COLUMN VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C
40MM COVER VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS (150MMC/C) 400X400 COLUMN BUILDING MATERIALS
SHEAR WALL PILE DETAIL RAFT BED 2000 MM DEEP AND CONSTRUCTIONS
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS HORIZONTAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C
2000

16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS

150

12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C VERTICAL TIES 12MM DIA, 300MM C/C
150 MM PCC CUSHION FLOOR BEAM 400X400
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C 600MM DEEP PILE CAP HIGH RISE STRUCTURE
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
15000 MM DEEP PILE DIA 300MM
15000

DRY RUBBLE
PILE CAP 600MM THICK
20MM COVER
SPLIT AND TURNED ENDS HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C
GROUP - 6
MS STRAPS CAST INTO
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C CAST IRON
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
125

CAST IRON SHOE

MS SHOE
SCALE- DATE-
ROCK
RAFT BED 2000 MM DEEP

SECTIONAL ELEVATION (DETAIL 'Z')

3D DETAIL
24/8/20
SUBSTRUCTURE DETAILS
REMARKS-

8 mm ø HORIZONTAL BARS ,
150 mm C/C
12 mm ø VERTICAL BARS ,
150 mm C/C
6 mm ø STEEL BARS ,
180 mm C/C 12 mm ø LONGITUDINAL
REINFORCEMENT BARS
CLEAR COVER 20mm
12 mm DIA BARS , 6 mm ø STEEL BARS , 120C/C
SHEET NO.-
120 mm C/C
CLEAR COVER 40mm 6 mm ø BARS

SECTIONAL ELEVATION BETWEEN SHEAR WALL

CLEAR COVER 20mm
2
BEAM SECTION 400X600
AND RCC SLAB

12 mm ø LONGITUDINAL SUBMITTED BY-

8 mm ø HORIZONTAL BARS , REINFORCEMENT BARS
150 mm C/C 6 mm ø STEEL BARS , 120C/C SHREYA 17BAR1013
12 mm ø VERTICAL BARS ,
150 mm C/C 6 mm ø BARS YASHASVI 17BAR1029
STIRRUPS CLEAR COVER 20mm
-Closed loop of reinforcement bars
20 mm ø STEEL BARS , VANSHIKA 17BAR1031
-Provides lateral support to the main bars CLEAR COVER 40mm
-Prevents buckling 12 mm ø STIRRUPS BEAM SECTIONAL ELEVATION MONIKA 17BAR1046
12 mm ø STIRRUPS

CU
120 mm C/C

SECTIONAL PLAN BETWEEN SHEAR WALL AND RCC

SLAB

SUPERSTRUCTURE DETAILS
INTRODUCTION- 24 M WIDE ROAD
51317.76

24 M WIDE ROAD
LVL +- 0M
100022

33722.14
LVL+78.6M

50046
LVL+15.6M

NOIDA- GREATER NOIDA LINK ROAD (130M)

SITE ZONING
SITE PLAN

50362.00
LVL+82800
LVL +81600 PARAPET WALL 200mm
THICK
SHEAR WALL 400 mm
RESIDENTIAL THICK WITH ALUMINIUM
+ PLATING

OFFICES DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS

67500.00
80mm THICK

COMMERCIAL

LVL+15300
LVL+14100
(400 X 400) mm R.C.C

16800.00
COLUMN
P.L.+600 A'
G.L.+-0 PLINTH LVL+600 mm
FRONT ELEVATION

PICTURES SHOWING THE DIFFERENT BLOCKS COMBINING TOGETHER TO FORM A SINGLE BUILDING BLOCK
100022.00

20605.54 19665.90
18252.00 10800.00 19698.57 10800.00

20594.00
CORE (10400X10400) mm

50046.00

10800.00
CORE (10400X10400) mm

CORE (10400X10400) mm
ANCHORAGE A A'
RESIDENTIAL FORMWORK 200 mm THICK R.C.C
+ PARAPET WALL
OFFICES TERRACE PLAN OF OFFICE+RESIDENTIAL
BRACKET
100022.00

30800.00 20304.10 30800.00 9865.90

8252.00

10592.00
HYDRAULIC
DEVICE
CORE (10400X10400) mm
DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS
50046.00

30802.00
CLIMBING 80mm THICK
PROFILE (400 X 400) mm R.C.C
COLUMN
A A' CORE (10400X10400) mm
8652.00

SHEAR WALL 400 MM

COMMERCIAL THICK
B'
FIRST FLOOR PLAN OF OFFICE+RESIDENTIAL

PICTURES SHOWING THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BUILDING

LVL+82800

Also known as CLIMBING FORM. LVL +81600

LVL+77100
SHEAR WALL(400MM)
DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS
Highly productive system minimum labour & time requirement. LVL+72600

CONCEPT BEAM (400X400MM)

LVL+68100

Suitable for construction of SHEAR WALLS . LVL+63600

LVL+59100
COLUMN( 400X400MM)
LVL+54600
SLAB (200MM)
WHY?? FORMWORK
60000.00

LVL+50100

LVL+45600 FALSE CEILING(400MM)

LVL+41100
JUMP FORMWORK LVL+36600 CENTRAL CORE
LVL+32100

LVL+27600

LVL+23100

LVL+18600

LVL+14100

LVL+9600
23100.00

LVL+5100

P.L.+600
G.L.+-0 PLINTH (600MM)
LVL-2800
X'
LVL-5600 BASEMENT
LVL-8100
SHEAR WALL FOUNDATION
15000 2000

150MM DEEP CUSHION

BEAM 400X400
LVL-23100
PILE CAP 600 MM DEEP
SECTION AA' 15000MM DEEP PILE
RAFT BED 2000MM DEEP

100022.00
30800.00
49657.54 9698.57 9865.90

200 mm THICK R.C.C

PARAPET WALL
(400 X 400) mm COLUMN
10800.00

CORE (10400X10400) mm
CORE (10400X10400) mm
50046.00

DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS

80mm THICK
10800.00

CORE (10400X10400) mm
A A'
SHEAR WALL 400 MM
THICK

FOURTH FLOOR PLAN OF OFFICE+RESIDENTIAL

A B C D E F G H I J K

Z Y X
1

5
A A'
6

FOUNDATION PLAN

PLANS AND ELEVATIONS

TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE VIEW
BUILDING MATERIALS REMARKS- NOTES- SUBMITTED BY- DATE- SHEET NO.-

CU
AND CONSTRUCTIONS ALL THE DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.
SHREYA 17BAR1013
HIGH RISE STRUCTURE
SCALE-
YASHASVI 17BAR1029 31/8/20 1
GROUP - 6 VANSHIKA 17BAR1031
1:1000 MONIKA 17BAR1046
 SHEAR WALL FOUNDATION
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS (150MMC/C)
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
40MM COVER
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C P.L.+600

15000 MM DEEP PILE(DIA 300MM) G.L.+-0

2000
X'

2880.00
20MM COVER SHEARWALL FOUNDATION
400X400 COLUMN FLOOR BEAM(400X400)

15000
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS PILE CAP 600MM DEEP
PILE 15000MM DEEP
SECTION AA'
2880.00
A B C D E F G
PLAN (DETAIL 'Z') H I J K

400X400 COLUMN
40MM COVER Z Y X
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C 1

12MM BARS BOTHWAYS (150MMC/C)

2
SHEAR WALL
3

150 2000
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
4
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C
150 MM PCC CUSHION
5
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C A A'
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS 6

15000
DRY RUBBLE
PILE CAP 600MM THICK
FOUNDATION PLAN
20MM COVER
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C

125
MS SHOE
ROCK
RAFT BED 2000 MM DEEP SPLIT AND TURNED ENDS
MS STRAPS CAST INTO
CAST IRON
SECTIONAL ELEVATION (DETAIL 'Z') 40MM COVER
CAST IRON SHOE

VERTICAL BARS MS SHOE

16MM DIA,50MM C/C
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C
HORIZONTAL TIES

15000
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C 12MM DIA,100MM C/C 40MM COVER

15000 MM DEEP PILE VERTICAL BARS

(DIA 300MM) 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C
400X400 COLUMN
HORIZONTAL TIES
12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
PILE DETAIL
RAFT BED 2000 MM DEEP MS SHOE

125
HORIZONTAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C

VERTICAL TIES 12MM DIA, 300MM C/C

PILED RAFT FOUNDATION: PILED RAFT FOUNDATIONS ARE GEOTECHNICAL
FLOOR BEAM 400X400 STRUCTURES WHICH ARE CHARACTERIZED BY SHARING LOADS BETWEEN
THEIR RESPECTIVE FOUNDATION COMPONENTS.
600MM DEEP PILE CAP
PROPERTIES:
1. SUITABLE FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS TO REDUCE SETTLEMENTS
2. RAFT WORKS AS MAIN BEARING ELEMENT WHILE PILE HELPS TO REDUCE
15000 MM DEEP PILE DIA 300MM SETTLEMENT
[Link] TO COMBINATION, NO. OF PILES CAN BE REDUCED AND SPECIALLY
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C WHERE SOIL IS
NOT THAT MUCH LOOSE
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C [Link] REDUCES BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCES IN RAFT BED
[Link] STIFFNESS OF FOUNDATION INCREASES
[Link] TO WITHSTAND LOADS DUE TO WIND, EARTHQUAKE AND
3D DETAIL MOVEMENTS

BEAM
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS(150MMC/C)
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS 40MM COVER
40MM COVER 12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C 15000 MM DEEP PILE(DIA 300MM)
15000 MM DEEP PILE(DIA 300MM)

2880.00
20MM COVER
20MM COVER
2880.00

400X400 COLUMN
400X400 COLUMN 16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS

2880.00
2880.00 PLAN (DETAIL 'X')
PLAN (DETAIL 'Y')

400X400 COLUMN
40MM COVER 400X400 COLUMN
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C 40MM COVER
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 304 C/C
150 2000

150 2000
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS 12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C
150 MM PCC CUSHION
150 MM PCC CUSHION
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS 150MMC/C
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
DRY RUBBLE

15000
15000

DRY RUBBLE
PILE CAP 600MM THICK
PILE CAP 600MM THICK
20MM COVER
20MM COVER
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C
VERTICAL BARS 16MM DIA, 50MM C/C
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
HORIZONTAL TIES 12MM DIA, 100MM C/C
125

MS SHOE
125

MS SHOE
ROCK
ROCK RAFT BED 2000 MM DEEP
RAFT BED 2000 MM DEEP
12MM BARS BOTHWAYS (150MMC/C)
SECTIONAL ELEVATION (DETAIL 'Y') SECTIONAL ELEVATION (DETAIL 'X')
16MM DIA MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS
BEAM

SUBSTRUCTURE DETAILS

BUILDING MATERIALS REMARKS- NOTES- SUBMITTED BY- DATE- SHEET NO.-

CU
AND CONSTRUCTIONS ALL THE DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.
SHREYA 17BAR1013
HIGH RISE STRUCTURE
SCALE-
YASHASVI 17BAR1029 31/8/20 2
VANSHIKA 17BAR1031
GROUP - 6
1:50 MONIKA 17BAR1046
3D SHOWING SHEAR WALLS 3D SHOWING THE STRUCTURE FRAMEWORK 2 POINT PERSPECTIVE OF THE BUILDING

WHY?? 400 12 mm ø LONGITUDINAL

SHEAR WALL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM REINFORCEMENT BARS

200
6 mm ø STEEL BARS ,
It provides large strength & stiffness to buildings . 120C/C
6 mm ø BARS
It resists lateral forces.
CLEAR COVER 20mm

BEAM SECTION 400X600

P.L.+600
G.L.+-0
BASEMENT FLOORS 12 mm ø LONGITUDINAL
REINFORCEMENT BARS
2000

X' 6 mm ø STEEL BARS ,

15000

120C/C

600
6 mm ø BARS
CLEAR COVER 20mm
SECTION AA'
BEAM SECTIONAL ELEVATION
400

8 mm ø HORIZONTAL BARS ,
CORE (10400X10400) mm 150 mm C/C
3D SHOWING THE LOAD TRANSFER 12 mm ø VERTICAL BARS ,
DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS
80mm THICK 150 mm C/C
(400 X 400) mm R.C.C 6 mm ø STEEL BARS ,
COLUMN
A 180 mm C/C
200
A' CORE (10400X10400) mm
SHEAR WALL 400 MM CLEAR COVER 20mm
X THICK 12 mm DIA BARS ,
120 mm C/C
FIRST FLOOR PLAN OF OFFICE+RESIDENTIAL CLEAR COVER 40mm

SECTIONAL ELEVATION BETWEEN

PAINT(10MM) SHEAR WALL AND RCC SLAB
SHEAR WALL
POLYSTYRENE(INSU.)50MM 400
2 COATS OF SLURRY(10MM)
GEO TEXTILE LAYER(20MM) 8 mm ø HORIZONTAL
PERFORATED DRAIN
PCC(100MM) BARS , 150 mm C/C
RCC BED(250MM) STIRRUPS 12 mm ø VERTICAL BARS ,
DETAIL('X')' DRY RUBBLE(200MM) -Closed loop of reinforcement bars 150 mm C/C
WATERPROOFING OF SLAB -Provides lateral support to the main bars
20 mm ø STEEL BARS ,
150

-Prevents buckling
CLEAR COVER 40mm
12 mm ø STIRRUPS
400

12 mm ø STIRRUPS
120 mm C/C
BASEMENT DETAILS SUPERSTRUCTURE DETAILS SECTIONAL PLAN OF SHEAR WALL

SHEAR WALL 400 MM

THICK
AL PANEL 6MM THICK EXTERNAL GLASS 20mm
AIR GAP 40mm
THERMAL SEPARATOR INTERNAL GLASS 20mm
ACM REVEAL ALUMINIUM FRAME
R.C.C COLUMN
400X400 mm
ACM EXTRUSION CLIP

ALUMINIUM PLANEL JOINERY DETAIL AT B'

JOINERY DETAIL

POLYSULPHIDE PRIMARY EXTERNAL GLASS 20mm

SEAL AIR GAP 40mm
DISECANT INTERNAL GLASS 20mm
DISECANT
POLYSULPHIDE PRI. SEAL
INTERNAL GLASS 20mm FASTENER
AIR GAP 40mm MULLION
RUBBER GASKET
EXTERNAL GLASS RETAINER CLIP
20mm
DISECANT
POLYSULPHIDE PRIMARY
INFERANCES :
SEAL
DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS PROVIDES BETTER INSULATION FOR THE COMPOSITE CLIMATE JOINERY DETAIL AT B
OF NOIDA.
DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS THE SITE IS SITUATED NEAR THE HIGHWAY DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS ACTS AS A NOISE
REDUCTION MATERIAL.
IT REDUCES ENERGY CONSUMPTION WHICH IS BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT .
FACADE DETAILS ALUMINIUM PLANELS PROVIDE A RESISTANCE FROM THE SEISMIC FORCES AND HELPS IN
STABILIZING THE STRUCTURE .

BUILDING MATERIALS REMARKS- NOTES- SUBMITTED BY- DATE- SHEET NO.-

CU
AND CONSTRUCTIONS ALL THE DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM.
SHREYA 17BAR1013
HIGH RISE STRUCTURE
SCALE-
YASHASVI 17BAR1029 31/8/20 3
VANSHIKA 17BAR1031
GROUP - 6
1:25 MONIKA 17BAR1046
 CASE STUDY – SYDENEY OPERA HOUSE ( SYDNEY , AUSTRALIA )
SHELL STRUCTURE: POINTED BARREL VAULT: SITE PLAN

SHELL STRUCTURE, IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, A THIN, CURVED A BARREL VAULT IS A CONTINUOUS ARCHED SHAPE THAT MAY INTRODUCTION - SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE IS LOCATED IN THE BAY OF SYDNEY HARBOUR, IT IS A PERFPRMING
PLATE STRUCTURE SHAPED TO TRANSMIT APPLIED FORCES BY APPROXIMATE A SEMI-CYLINDER IN FORM, RESEMBLING THE ROOF OF ARTS CENTRE WHICH IS OPENED SINCE 1973.
COMPRESSIVE, TENSILE, AND SHEAR STRESSES THAT ACT IN THE PLANE A TUNNEL, OR MAY BE POINTED AT ITS APEX. IT IS TYPICALLY FORMED THE DISTINCTIVE ROOF COMPRISES SETS OF INTERLOCKING VAULTED SHELL SETS UPON A VAST TERRACED PLATFORM
AND SURROUNDED BY TERRACE AREAS THAT FUNCTIONS AS A PEDESTRIAN CONCOURCES.
OF THE SURFACE. THEY ARE USUALLY CONSTRUCTED BY A SERIES OF ARCHES OR VAULTS PLACED SIDE BY SIDE OR BY A
OF CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH STEEL MESH CONTINUOUS SHELL ARCHITECT - JORN UTZON

STRUCTURE – IT IS A SHELL POINTED BARREL STRUCTURE . THE SHAPE OF THE SHELLS ARE NOT
BEAM(RCC/WOOD/METAL) THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE GEOMETRICALLY DEFINED , HOWEVER THE VAULTS ARE MADE OF PRECAST RIBS. THE ROOF STRUCTURE CONSITS OF
WORKS THROUGH BEAM OVER 2400 PRECAST UNITS PLACED ON CAST-IN-SITU CONCRETE PEDESTAL.
COLUMN AND RIB MOSTLY
RIB(RCC/WOOD/METAL) BY TRANFERRING LOAD IN A BEAM
SYSTEMETIC MANNER. THE
STRUCTURE CAN BE
EDGE BEAM SUPPORTING RIB COVERED BY CLADDING AND RIBS ON THE ROOF
RIBS
IT CAN BE OF VARIOUS
SINGLY CURVED BARREL VAULT [Link] OLD
LONG SPAN POINTED ARCH CHURCHES WOOD WAS
PROMINENT.
SUPPORTING COLUMN

POINTED BARREL VAULT

• CENTRAL
CONCRETE BEAM POINTED BARREL VAULT STRUCTURE PRECAST CONCRETE RIBS
TRANSFERS LOAD
TO THE CONCRETE
RIBS WHICH STRUCTURAL DETAILS
FURTHER
TRANSFERS IT TO Ridge beam segment
Ribs

THE CONCRETE Top cut-off segment

Standard beam segment
PIERS .CONCRETE
Standard beam segment
PIERS SPREAD THE
LOAD TO THE
GROUND.

LOAD DISTRIBUTION DEFLECTION CURVE

Standard beam segment

Standard beam segment

Tie beam PRECAST RIBS SEGMENT

INTERSECTION OF TWO ARCH SEGEMENTS
Columns

THE ADJOINING ARCH SEGEMENTS WERE CONSTRUCTED ON THE

STANDARD BEAM SEGMENT
STEEL CENTERING AND STRESSED TOGETHER TO FORM A STABLE
STRUCTURE.

ONCE THE RIB SEGMENTS WERE IN PLACE , THE SHELLS WERE

CORNER RIB DETAIL COLUMN AND RIB JOINERY DETAIL LATERALLY STRESSED TO ENABLE THE DESIRED STRUCTURAL
BEHAVIOUR.
PRECAST RIBS ARE JOINED TOGETHER THROUGH A
METAL PLATE TO FORM A POINTED VAULT JOINERY DETAILS OF RIBS AND BEAM
CURVED CENTRAL BEAM STRUCTURE . MATERIALS
RIB JOINED THROUGH ANGLE CLEAT AND BOLT
FRAMEWORK
WITH BEAM
BEAM JOINED THROUGH METAL PLATE AND BOLT

RIB

CLADDING OVER RIB

RIB AND BEAM JOINERY DETAIL

RIB ARCH DETAIL

ADVANTAGES AND DIADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE SHELL: THE “ SHELLS” WERE PERCEIVED AS A THE ARCHES ARE SUPPORTED BY 350 KM OF TENSIONED
ADVANTAGES: SERIES OF PARABOLAS SUPPORTED BY STEEL CABLES. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING IS MADE FROM REINFORCED CONCRETE
• VERY LIGHT FORM OF CONSTRUCTION TO SPAN 30M SHELL AND THICKNESS REQUIRED DISADVANTAGES: PRECAST CONCRETE RIBS . CABLE BEAMS WERE BUILT AND REINFORCED BE STEEL AND THE FAÇADE FROM POLORIZED GLASS WITH STEEL FRAMES.
IS 60MM. • SHUTTERING PROBLEM. IN-SITU CONCRETE IS USED IN THE CABLES TO RELEASE THE STRESS OF THE WEIGHT . THE
• DEAD LOAD CAB BE REDUCED ECONOMIZING FOUNDATION AND SUPPORTING SYSTEM. • GREATER ACCURACY IN FORMWORK IS REQUIRED. FORMWORK AS THERE IS NO CABLE SUPPORTS THE BEAMS IN THE STRUCTURE WHICH THE WHITE SHELLS ARE MADE FROM PRECAST CONCRETE REINFORCED
• ARCH SHAPES CAN SPAN LONGER. • GOOD LABOUR AND SUPERVISION IS NECESSARY REPETITION IN ANY OF THE ROOF PROVIDES STABLILTY TO SUCH A HEAVY STRUCTURE AND WITH STEEL ND ARE COVERED WITH 1 MILLION CEREMIC TILES.
• IT LOOKS GOOD OVER OTHER FORMS OF CONSTRUCTION. • RISE OF ROOF MAY BE DISADVANTAGE. FORMS. ALSO PROVIDE A LONG SPAN OF 164 FEET.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION REMARKS: SUBMITTED BY: DATE: SHEET NO.:

CU SHELL STRUCTURE- POINTED BARREL VAULT, CASE STUDY- SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE
SHREYA SOOD
UID: 17BAR1013
MONIKA RANI
UID: 17BAR1046 Sept. 14, 2020 01
 ESCALATORS IN A MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITALS
ESCALTORS ARE MECHANICAL DEVICES USED FOR TRANSPORTING PEOPLE VERTICALLY 3. MULTIPLE PARALLEL ESCALATORS
BETWEEN DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE [Link] , THEY TAKE THE FORM OF A
MULTIPLE PARALLEL TWO OR MORE ESCALATORS TOGETHER THAT TRAVEL IN ONE DIRECTION NEXT
MOVING STAIRCASE , CONSISTING OF A 'CHAIN 'OF SINGLE-PIECE ALUMINIUM OR STAIN-LESS
TO ONE OR TWO ESCALATORS IN THE SAME BANK THAT TRAVEL INN THE OTHER DIRECTION.
STEEL STEPS GUIDED BY A SYSTEM OF TRACKS IN A CONTINUOUS LOOP.
MULTIPLE SPEED:
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1 SPEED :0.5M/S
THERE ARE A NUMBER OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE DESI\GN OF ESCALATOR SYSTEMS, IN A 2 INCLINATIONS : 30. 35
MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL: 3 STEP WIDTHS :800/ 1000
•THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DISTANCE TO BE SPANNED. 4 POWER :50HZ/ 3P
•THE LOCATION 5 HANDRAILS : RUBBER/ STAINLESS STEEL
•TRAFFIC PATTERN 6 STEP: STAINLESS STEEL
•CARRYING CAPACITY 7 LANDING PLATE : ANTI-SKID STAINLESS STEEL
•SAFETY CONSIDERATION [Link] ESCALATORS
•AESTHETICS PREFERENCES
COMPONENTS OF ESCALATORS SPIRAL TYPE ESCALATORS:
LANDING PLATFORM : THESE TWO PLATFORMS HOUSE THE CURVED SECTIONS OF THE
THESE ARE USED TO ENHANCE THE ARCHITECTURAL BEAUTY AND TO
TRACKS , AS WELL AS THE GEARS AND MORTORS THAT DRIVE THE STAIRS.
SAVE THE SPACE.
FLOOR PLATE : IT PROVIDED A PLACE FOR THE PASSENGERS TO STAND BEFORE THEY STEP
1 INCLINED ANGLE : 30
ONTO THE MOVING STAIRS . THIS PLATE IS FLUSH WITH THE FINISHED FLOOR AND IS
2 NUMBER OF PERSONS : 6300 PER HOUR
EITHER HINGED OR REMOVABLE TO ALLOW EASY ACCESS TO THE MACHINERY BELOW.
TRUSS:THE STRUCTURE THAT BRIDGES THE LOWER AND UPPER LANDINGS, CARRIES THE 3 RATED SPEED (MTRS./SEC .) :25 M/MIN
STRAIGHT TRACK SECTIONS. 4 VERTICAL RISE (M) : 3500-6600
BALUSTRADE:THIS IS THE STRUCTURE SUPPORTING THE HANDRAIL OF THE ESCALATTOR AND WORKING MECHANISM
CAN BE MADE OF METAL , SANDWITCH PANELS OR GLASS.
HANDRAIL:THE ANDRAIL MOVES COURTESY OF A CHAIN CONNECTED TO THE MAIN DRIVE
GEAR BY A SERIES OF PULLEYS . IT IS GENERALLY MADE FROM A BBLEND OF SYNTHETIC
POLYMERS AND RUBBER ,IS DESIGNED TO BE VERY DURABLE .
TRACKS :THE STEP-WHEEL TRACK FOR THE FRONT WHEELS OF THE STEPS, AND THE TRAILER
WHEEL TRACK FOR THE BACK WHEELS OF THE STEPS , CAUSE THE STEPS TOO FORM
STAIRCASE AS THEY MOVE FROM UNDER THE COMB PLATE .
STEPS :THESE ARE TYPICALLY SOLID MADE OF DIE-CAST ALUMINUM OR [Link] ARE
CLEATED WITH COMB-LIKE PROTRUSIONS THAT MESH WITH COMB PLATES. THE STEPS ARE
LINKED BY A CONTINUOUS METAL CHAIN THAT FORMSA CLOSED LOOP.
TYPES OF ESCALATORS
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] PARALLEL
4. CURVED ESCALATORS ESCALATOR STEPS
1. PARALLEL ESCALATORS :
PARALLEL ESCALATORS ARE USED IN HOSPITALS AS PARALLEL UP AND DOWN ESCALATORS THE ESCALATOR MACHINERY IN HIDDIN BENEATH ITS STEPS IN WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE TRUSS AND AT THE TOP OF THE ESCALATOR,
" SIDE BY SIDEOR SEPARATED BY A DISTANCE ". HOUSED IN THE TRUSS , IN AN ELECTRIC MOTOR WHICH RUNS THE FOUR GEARS THAT ALL ESCALATORS HAVE TWO DRIVE GEARS ON THE
SO THAT THE PATIENT OR THE VISITOR TRAVEL MINIMUM DISTANCE WHILE GOING UP OR EITHER SIDE AT THE GEARS HAVE CHAINS THAT LOOP AROUND THE GEARS AND RUNSDOWN EACH SIDE OF THE ESCALATORTHEN THEY ARE
DOWN . CONNECTED TO EACH STEP , THESE CHAINS HELP THE STEPS MAKE THEIR WAY UP AND DOWN , ESCALATORS ARE POWERED BY THE SAME
THESE TYPE OF ESCALATOR GO UP AND DOWN SIMULTANEOUSLY. SYSTEM THAT POWERS THE STEPS .
• SPEED: 0.5M/S
• INCLINATION:30,35 INCLINE AND TRANSPORTATION HEIGHT ESCALATOR CAPACITY
• STEP WIDTH:800/1000
• HANDRAILS: RUBBER/STAINLESS STEEL Most escalators are designed with 1000mm wide steps which
• GENERALLY DESIGNED ON AN INCLINE OF 27.3, 30, 35 DEGREE. allow passengers to move comfortably when carrying
• STEP:STAINLESS STEEL • 35 DEGREE ESCALATOR IS MOST EFFECTIVE SINCE IT REQUIRES
luggage and shopping bags.
1. CRISS CROSS ELEVATORS: LEAST AMOUNT OF SPACE . THIS INCLINE IS APPLICABLE TO A TOTAL
• 600mm and 800mm wide steps are also available and
TRANSPORTATION HEIGHT OF 6M.
generally used in low traffic areas. • Standard transportation
CRISSCROSS MINIMIZES STRUCTURAL SPACE REQUIREMENTS BY "STACKING "ESCALATORS • IF THE HEIGHT IS MORE THAN 6M THAN INCLINE OF 27.3 SHOULD speed ranges between 0.5 to 0.65m/s.
THAT GO IN ONE DIRECTION, FREQUENTLY USED IN DEPARTMENT STORES OR SHOPPING BE GIVEN.
• For a speed of 0.5m/s the theoretical capacity is:
CENTERS. 600mm step width -4500 persons per hour
They stacks the escalators that go in single direction and reduces structural 800mm step width -6750 persons per hour
space requirement. 1 Step width: 600 / 800 / 1000 1000mm step width -9000 persons/hour
2 Power: 300V / 50 Hz / 3p
3 Handrails: Rubber /Stainless steel.
4 Step: stainless steel.
5 Landing plate: anti skid stainless steel.

ELEVATOR COMPANIES IN INDIA

• Thyssen Krupp Elevator India • Kone India
• Kinetic Hyundai • Fujitec India
• Hitachi Lift • Otis Elevator Company
• Escon Elevators • Mitsubishi Electric
• Express lifts Ltd • Schindler Elevators

REMARKS : SOURCES :
[Link]
ESCALATORS IN A MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL ator 19-10-2020
[Link] 01
systems/vertical-circulation/[Link]
 ESCALATORS IN A MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITALS
IN HOSPITALS LIKE MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITALS MOSTLY PARALLEL ESCALATORS ARE PREFERRED AS THEY GO UP AND DOWN SIDE BY SIDE . SO THAT THE PATIENT CASE STUDY – BURJEEL HOSPITAL ( ABU DHABI )
OR THE VISITOR TRAVEL MINIMUM DISTANCE WHILE GOING UP OR DOWN .
BURJEEL HOSPITAL IS LOCATED INAl NAJDAH STREET – ABU DHABI , UNITED ARAB
STANDARD DIMENSIONS OF PARALLEL ESCALATORS EMIRATES.

ARCHITECT – SHILPI ATTREY

THE MAJOY KEY FEATURE OF THE HOOSPITAL IS THE ATRIUM WHICH ACTS AS A
HEALING SPACE FOR THE PATIENTS . THE MAJOR CONCEPT WAS TO HEAL THE
PATEIENTS NOT BY JUST MEDICINE BUT ALSO PROVIDE THE BEST AND THE
LATEST TECHNOLOGY INSIDE THE HOSPITAL WHICH WILL ENHANCE THE
RECOVERY SPEED OF THE PATIENTS .
SO TO GIVE A N ILLUSION OF THE HOTEL THEY HAVE PROVIDED
THE LARGE PARALLEL ESCALATORS INSIDE THE ATRIUM , SO THAT THE
PATIENTS WILL TRAVEL MINIMUM DISTANCE BY TRAVELLING BETWEEN THE
FLOORS .

PLAN
DETAIL AT RI & R2

PRESENT ATRIUM
THE ESCALATORS ARE BEEN PLOCATED IN ATRIUM TO GIVE AN
ILLUSION OF A HOTEL SO THEAT IT EILL ENHANCE THE PATIENT'S
RECOVERY .
THE ATRIUM IS IN THE CENTER SO THE LARGE PARALLEL
ESCALATORS CATORS THE OTHER PARTS OF THE HOSPITAL
SITE PLAN

ELEVATION 2

1016 MM
ELEVATION 1
1016 MM

PROPOSED ATRIUM
1625 MM

REMARKS: SOURCES :
SUBMITTED BY : DATE : SHEET NO :
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM IN A HIGH RISE BUILDING [Link]

[Link]
SHREYA SOOD
19-10-2020 02
-Atrium-Abudhabi 17BAR1013
 FIRE FIGHTING IN A HIGH -RISE BUILDING • EXTERNAL STAIRCASE
THESE STAIRCASES ARE HIGHLY DESIRABLE IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS.
EVERY BUILDING MORE THAN 15M IS CONSIDERED AS HIGH-RISE BUILDING . EVERY BUILDING SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED , EQUIPPED , MAINTAINED
1. IT SHOULD BE DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE GROUND.
AND OPERATED AS TO AVOID UNDUE DANGER TO THE LIFE AND SAFETY OF THE OCCUPANTS FROM FIRE, SMOKE ,FUMES OR PANIC DURING THE
2. ENTRANCE TO THE EXTERNAL STAIRCASE SHOULD BE SEPARATE AND REMOTE
TIME PERIOD NECESSARY FOR ESCAPE .
AS WE HAVE SEEN , THE FIRE SYSTEM IN A HIGH-RISE DOES MUCH MORE THAN MERELY DETECTING A FIRE AND NOTIFYING THE OCCUPANTS. IT FROM THE EXTERNAL STAIRCASE.
CONTROLS CRITICAL SYSTEMS, MANAGES THE BUILDING'S RESPONSE TO EACH INDIVIDUAL INCIDENT TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY 3. SHOULD BE BUILT FROM NON- COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL..
4. NO WINDOWS SHOULD OPEN TO EXTERNAL STAIRCASE.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 5. MINIMUM WIDTH 1000MM,MINIMUM WIDTH OF TREAD 250MM ,MINIMUM
• A BUILDING SHOULD BE OCCUPIED DURING CONSTRUCTION , REPAIRS , ALTERATION OR ADDITION ONLY IF ALL THE MEANS OF EXITS ARE WELL HEIGHT OF RISER190MM ,HANDRAIL HEIGHT 1000-1200MM
MAINTAINED FIREPROTECTION MEASURES ARE IN PLACE. 6. SPIRAL STAIRCASE SHOULD HAVE THE DIA. OF MIN. 1500MM
• FIRE LIFTS : EXTERNAL STAIRCASE
• DURING CONSTRUCTION OF A HIGH-RISE BUILDING FOLLOWING MEASURES MUST BE TAKEN :
1. DRY RISER PIPE (100MM DIA) WITH HYDRANT OUTLETS SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ON ALL FLOORS WITH A FIRE SERVICE INLET AND IN WELL
1. HIGH RISE BUILDING CAN BE PROVIDED WITH FIRE LIFT WITH MINIMUM
MAINTAINED CONDITION SHULD BE LAID DOWN .
CAPACITY OF 8 PASSENGERS, FULLY AUTOMATED EMERGENCY SYSTEM.
2. 2000 L CAPACITY WATER DRUM WITH 2 FIRE BUCKETS ON EACH FLOOR .
2. IT SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH INTER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM .
3. THERE SHOULD BE A 20, 000 L CAPACITY WATER STORAGE TANK.
3. IT SHOULD HAVE THE CAPACITY OF 2 HOUR FIRE RESISTANCE.
SET- BACKS AND STREET WIDTHS • RAMPS :
• BUILDING SHOULD HAVE 6M WIDE OPEN SPACE ON ITS FOUR SIDES . 1. THE SLOPE OF THE RAMP SHOULD NOT EXCEED 1:10.
• AT LEASTT ONE SIDE MAIN STREET SHOULD BE 12M WIDE. 2. ITHE RAMPS SHOULD BE MADE UP OF , NON -SLIPPING MATERIAL
• FOR BUILDINGS WITH HEIGHT ABOUVE 30 M , THE ROAD SHOULD NOT BE A DEAD END . SHOULD BE APPLIED ON THE SURFACE.
• THE PREMISES SHOULD HAVE ATLEAST 4.5 WIDE AND 5 M HIGH GATEWAY REFUGE AREA LIFTS RAMPS

FOR BUILDINGS MORE THAN 24 M IN HEIGHT , A REFUGE AREA OF

15 SQ.M SHOULD BE PROVIDED.
• FOR FLOORS ABOVE 24M AND UPTO 39M –ONE REFUGE AREA ON THE 25H
FLOOR .
• FOR FLOORS ABOVE 39M –ONE REFUGE AREA ON 40 TH FLOR AND SO ON
AFTER EVERY 15M.
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM IN HIGH RISE BUILDING
• HOSE REEL SYSTEM : IT IS AHIGH- PRESSURE HOSE THAT CARRIES WATER OR
OTHER FIRE RETADANT TO FIRE .
1. DRY RISING MAIN SHALL BE EQUIPPED WHEN THE BUILDING HEIGHT IS MORE
THAN 10M AND WET RISER IS INSTALLED IN THE BUILDING
HEIGHT EXEEDING 60M.
2. IT WORKS ON THE PRESSURE OF 8-20KPA.
ROAD WIDTH • DRY RISER SYSTEM • WET RISER SYSTEM
MINIMUM SET-BACKS ACCORDING TO BUILDING HEIGHT IT IS A FORM OF INTERNAL HYDRANT FOR THE FIRE –MAN TO USE. WET RISERS ARE USED TO SUPPLY WATER WITHIN THE BUILDING FOR FIRE-
1. A DRY RISER IS NORMALLY AN EMPTY PIPE , THAT CAN BE EXTERNALLY FIGHTING PURPOSES
GENERAL EXIT REQUIREMENTS CONNECTED TO A PRESSURIZED WATER SOURCE . 1. DIAMETER OF A WET RISER PIPE SHOULD BE 150MM
• ALL EXITS SHOULDBE OBSTRUCTION FREEAND WELL EQUIPPED WITH ,TO BE USED IN 2. THE VERTICLE RISER MAIN SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN 100MM INTERNAL 2. FOR EACH 1000SQ M FLOOR AREA ONE RISER SHOULD BE PROVIDED.
CASE OF FIRE. DIA.
• ALL EXITS SHOULD BE CLEARLY VISIBLE ,ILLUMINITED TO THE VALU E OF 1FT CANDLE .
• SINAGES SHOULD BE ILLUMINATED AND THE COLOUR EXITS SHOULD BE GREEN .
• TOTAL TIME TAKE TO EVACULATE THE FLOOR SHOULD NOT TAKE 21/2 MIN.
EXIT NUMBER AND CAPACITY SIGNAGES
• OCCUPANCY LOAD –OCCUPANCY LOAD SHOULD SHOULD BE 12.5 SQM/ PERSON
ON EACH FLOOR .
• CAPACITY OF EXITS - THE UNIT OF EXIT WIDTH , USED TO MEASURE THE • AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM • FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM :
CAPACITY OF AY EXIT IS 500MM. IN HIGH RISE BUILDING AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM DETECTION AND ALARMS
A SYSTEM OF WATER PIPES FITTED WITH SPRINKLERS HEADS AT SUITABLE
SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO WARN ITS OCCUPANTS AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE .
INTERVALS AND HEIGHTS .
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS:
THEY SHOULD BE INSTALLED IN :
1. ATLEAST ONE FIRE ALARM SHOULD BE PLACED ATLEAST IN A SINGLE ZONE.
1. BASEMENTS USED AS CAR PARKS OR STORAGE, AEA EXCEEDONG 200SQM.
2. A SINGLE ZONE SHOULD NOT EXCEED 2000MSQ IN FLOOR SPACE.
2. ANY ROOM OR A COMPARTMENT OF A BUILDING EXCEEDING 1125 SQM.

FIRE DOORWAYS

FIRE STAIRCASE , LIFTS AND RAMPS

ALL HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS HAVING FLOOR AREA MORE THAN 500 SQM ON EACH
FLOOR SHOULD HAVE MINIMUM 2 STAIRCASES. • PUMP CAPACITY • FIRE HYDRANT
• INTERNAL STAIRCASE : A FIRE PUMP IS A PART OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM 'S 1. THE FIRE—FIGHTER ATTACHES A HOSE TO
1. IT SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED OF NON- COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. WATER SUPPLY . THE FIRE HYDRANT , THEN OPENS A
2. SHOULD NOT BE ARRANGED AROUND THE LIFT SHAFT . 1. THE PUMP IS CONNECTEDTO THE UNDER VALVE ON THE HYDRANT TO PROVIDE A
3. THE MINIMUM HEADROOM IN A PASSAGE UNDER THE LANDING SHOULD BE GROUND TANK OR THETERRACE TANK . POWERFUL FLOW OF WATER, ON ORDER
2.4M 2. THE CAPACITY OF UNDER GROUND TANK IS OF 350KPA.
4. HANDRAILS AT THE HEIGHT OF 1000MM . 1800 L .P.M AND THE TERRACE TANK CAPCITY 2. FIRE HYDRANT SHOULD BE 3-5M AWAY
5. MINIMUM WIDTH 1000MM, MINIMUM WIDTH OF TREAD 250MM , MAXIMUM IS 450L.P.M FROM THE AREA OF CAR PRKING .
HEIGHT OF RISER IS 190MM. INTERNAL PRESSURIZED STAIRCASE

REMARKS: SOURCES :
[Link] SUBMITTED BY : DATE : SHEET NO :
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM IN A HIGH RISE BUILDING -[Link] 19-10-2020
[Link]
library/fssd-downloads/hb_v4_ch6.pdf
SHREYA SOOD
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