& BOOK John Taylor - Jeff Zeter Express PublishingChapter 1 - Weaponry Unit 1 - Pistol Unit 2 - Rifle Unit 3 Mortar Unit 4 - Gun Unit 5 ~ Tank Chapter 2 - The Soldier's Life Unit 6 ~ Radio Basics Unit 7 -On Post Unit 8 - Food Unit 9 - First Aid Unit 10 - Uniforms and Tactical Gear Chapter 3 - Organization Unit 11 — Rank Structure Unit 12 - Military Organization Unit 13 - Arms and Services Chapter 4 - Land Navigation Unit 14 Map Reading 1 Unit 15 - Map Reading 2 Appendix Glossary 10 12 13 “4 16 18 20 2 24 26 28A pistol is a sidearm. Soldiers can aim and fire itwith one hand. Pistols are smaller than other firearms, making them useful in close combat. Modern pistols, such as the Beretta M9, are semi-automatic. This means that they do not need to be charged between rounds. Officers most often carry handguns. In fact, service pistols have great symbolic meaning ‘When a unit is defeated, the commanding officer often gives his sidearm to the enemy ‘commander. This shows that the unit surrenders. Comprehension Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. What does the passage say about aiming the pistol? A Its size makes it difficult to aim. B It can be aimed with one hand. C Semi-automatic pistols are easy to aim D It ishard to aim in close combat. 2 What can be inferred about pistols in the past? A They had to be charged between rounds. B They were less accurate than pistols today. They were larger than modern pistols. D_ They were given to all members of an army. Giving a pistol to an enemy commander symbolizes A the desire to join the enemy. B competition between military units. the surrender of a unit. D a victory in a battle ert opis! Vocabulary 2 Choose the correct answers. 1. Which phrase describes a style of military fighting? A semi-automatic B_ commanding officer C close combat 2 What must a soldier do to a pistol to allow it to fire rounds? A surrender it B aimit © charge it 3 Complete the word that is similar in meaning to the underlined phrase. 1. The soldiers took orders from the person in charge ofa military unit. ° dir 2. Hostlities in a war cease when one side states that ithas lost and will stop combat operation s 4 Scan the passage. Then complete each of the words that means the same as weapon. epee pemeed =a Sein 4 stening & Speaking 5 (]Listen to a speaker at a weapon ~ manufacturing facility. Fill in the notes. The M9 Pistol Round capacity: Ideal use: te Weight: Round: 6 (Listen again and check your notes. 7 Say how soldiers use a pistol.The rifle is a common military firearm. Soldiers fire it from the shoulder. It has a built-in sight. The barrel has twisting grooves on the inside. These spin the bullet, improving the weapon's accuracy and range. In fact, this weapon was named after the technique used to make the barrel: “rifling.” ‘At one time, rifles could fire only one round at a time. However, modem semi-automatic assault rifles (also called “assault weapons”) like the M16A2 can fire assingle pull of the trigger. Comprehension Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1. The rifle has a sight that is built in. 2. The rifle is named after the technique used to make the trigger. 3. Spinning the bullet improves the weapon's rate of fire 4 Today, rifles can fire multiple bullets with one trigger pull Vocabulary 2 Choose the correct defi 1 accuracy ‘A the distance a weapon can shoot B a type of firearm C the ability to hit a target D the speed that bullets are fired at n for each word. 4 5 6 firearm —(ifre 2. automatic A able to fire multiple bullets B able to spin bullets able to hit targets at long distances D able to be fired from the shoulder 3. burst A atype of bullet B a device used to aim C arifie that fires many bullets at once D a series of bullets shot with one trigger pull 4 rifling A a firearm with a long barrel B_ away to make a firearm barrel C the part of a weapon that makes it fire D a bullet that is shot from a rifle Choose the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to each given word. 1 rifle A assault weapon range B sight D barrel 2. round A firearm € bullet B burst D accuracy stening & Speaking Listen to a convers ‘Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passage) that you hear. (listen again to the conversation. Then ~ answer the questions. 1. What type of firearm will the soldier use? 2. What does the soldier say is the firearm’s range? 3. What does the sergeant instruct Private Barnes todo? Use these words to talk about rifles. shoulder —_builltsinsight barrel twisting grooves _ spin the bullet single pullof trigger mnultiple-round bursts Weaponry: rine 5The mortar is a free-standing, indirect fire weapon that discharges shells at slow speeds and high arcs for short distances. Operating one is simple: first, set up the mortar, and then drop a shell down the tube. ‘The firing pin detonates the propellant to fire the shell. Soldiers set the tube at a 45-85 degree angle, depending on the desired range. ‘Small mortars are portable and used by infantry units. Heavy mortars can be mounted in or towed behind a vehicle. Comprehen: Read, listen and answer the questions. 11 What type of fire does the mortar provide? 2 What should a soldier do first to operate a mortar? 3 How can soldiers change the range of a mortar? Vocabulary Fill in each blank with the correct word or phrase from the word bank. “ia hoe 1. If soldiers do not aim a weapon directly at a target, they are using 3 Choose the correct definition for each word ‘1mm mortar 2. Large weapons are often cn vehicles to provide firepower to mobile units 3. Inmodern weapons, a variety of are used to launch missiles and fire weapons. 4 Though they are heavy, mortars are considered ‘weapons because they can be carried by troops 5. Mortar shells are designed to on contact with a target. or phrase. 1. firing pin ‘A apart that attaches a mortar to a vehicle B. a substance that forces a round out of a barrel C_a weapon used to launch shells D the part of a mortar that the round is dropped onto, causing it to fire 2 shell A the distance that a mortar can fire B a type of military unit Ca type of combat in which mortars are used D_anartilery round that explodes on contact 3 discharge A toaima mortar B to prepare a weapon to fire C to fire a weapon D toloada shell into a mortar Listening & Speaking 4 (A mortar unit has completed a mission. ~ Listen to an officer giving an after-action review. 5 (Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What was the unit ordered to do? 1 of weapon did the unit use? 3 Where was the enemy position? 4. How many times did the unit fre upon the enemy position? 5. Why did the fourth shell fail to fire? 6 Explain how one can operate the mortar.A gun, or cannon, describes a crew-served weapon used in battle. It can cause damage from a distance. Itis a muzzle- or breech-loaded artillery piece, and it shoots projectiles on a nearly flat course. ‘A closed-ended hollow tube acts as a barrel. This, directs the projectile. Howitzers can be used for both direct fire and indirect fire. A cannon can shoot projectiles of 30 mm up to 460 mm or more. 120mm towed gun 2816 "Nook" Comprehension Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. Guns are used very close to an enemy position. 2. Guns are loaded either from the muzzle or breech. 3. Agun fires projectiles on a nearly flat course. 4 Guns like the howitzer are used only as indirect: fire weapons. Vocabulary Complete the word or phrase that is. in meaning to the underlined phrase. 1. Guns are not fired by just one person. They are weapons requiring more than one person to use. s dw ° 2. Objects that are propelled by force vary in the military from bullets to shells to missiles 3 A weapon capable of firing very large rounds is Used to strike the enemy from a distance. SS en a weapon, a flash of light is often seen from the down-range, open end of the weapon's barrel. Bree 3 Fill in each blank with the correct word or phrase from the word bank. = 1. Soldiers preparing to enter a must check their weapons and equipment 2 To fire precisely on a target is to use again 3 To load a weapon from (Ou must first open the rear of the weapon 4 The has a relatively short barrel and fires rounds at steep angles. 5 The term can be used to refer 10 a large number of different artillery pieces. istening & Speaking 4 (Listen to a speaker on a tour of a field ~‘artillery unit. Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passage) that you hear. 5 (]Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What is the name of the weapon discus: the speaker? xd by 2 Where are rounds loaded into the weapon? 3 What is the maximum range of the weapon? 4 What is the weapon's maximum rate of fire? 6 Use the words in bold in the text to explain what a gun is and how it works. Weaponry: Gun 75 Weaponry: Tank Tanks are armored vehicles. Soldiers use them for front-line warfare. Moving on tracks, they cah travel over obstacles or through water. A large-caliber gun in a rotating turret provides the main firepower for a tank. Mounted machine guns provide extra anti-personnel support. Heavy armor Comprehension 1 Read, 1. What does the passage say about tanks? ‘A They use smoothbore machine guns. B_ They use tracks to travel over rough land. C They use three different types of weapons. D_ They can aim their weapons automatically 2. What is the main use of the mounted machine gun, according to the passage? A to provide indirect fire B to attack other tanks C_toattack vehicles with light armor D to fire upon ground troops 3. According to the passage, what is true of the M1 Abrams tank? A Ithas a 120-millimeter cannon B It attacks with chemical weapons. € tis an anti-personnel tank D Itdoes not use a mounted machine gun. ten and choose the correct answers. 2. Read again and answer the questions. 11 What weapon provides the tank's main firepower? 2. What is installed on tanks to give protection from enemy fire? 3 What does the passage say about chemical and biological attacks? M1 Abrams tank surrounds the hull of the tank. This protects the crew, while it fights in a combat zone. ‘The M1 Abrams is one of the most advanced and deadly, tanks in use today. The M1 has a 120-mm M256 smoothbore cannon. The crew inside the tank can even withstand chemical and biological attacks. Vocabulary 3 Complete the related words in the word webs.4 Match the words/phrases to the blanks. 1. combatzone/front-line warfare ‘A The soldiers prepared for with armored vehicles. B Upon entering the ci the unit received heavy fire from the enemy. 2. chemical biological A The enemy began a attack using a deadly virus. B The use of toxins and other substances to attack an enemy is an example of a attack 3 turret/machine gun A The allows a tank operator to aim the cannon in any direction B The soldier aimed the at a building that the enemy had occupied. 5 Choose the correct word or phrase for each given definition. 1. anobject that blacks a unit or vehicle from moving through an area A turret B obstacle © C_track 2. alight weapon that continues to fire as long as the triggeris held A tank —B firepower 3 having a defensive covering that protects a vehicle's interior ‘A armored B smoothbore C anti-personnel C machine gun Listening & Speaking 6 (Recruits in an armored unit are being introduced to their equipment. Listen as a sergeant discusses the M1A2 Abrams tank. Label the picture below with the name of each part mentioned by the sergeant. 7 (]listen again and check your answers. 8 Use the labeled picture and information from the text to explain what a tank is and how it can be used. Weaponry: Tank 96 The Soldier's Life: Radio Basics Radios are vital military tools. They allow soldiers to stay in contact during combat and other operations. Most radios are made to hop frequencies. This prevents the ‘enemy from listening to the full conversation, ‘The SINCGARS (man-pack) and AN/PRC-148 (handheld) are common military radios The man-pack can be worn as a backpack. This portable type of radio handles both voice and data transmissions. The handheld is the most widely Used radio. It permits easy two- way contact. Most modern radios use rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. 2 SINCGARS Comprehension 1. Read, listen and fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. 1 Radi s hop frequencies in order to 2. There are two basic types of radios: the and the 3. The SINCGARS radio handle not only but also voice transmissions. 4 The handheld is most useful for 5 Today's portable handheld radios are powered by 2. a) Read again and choose the correct answers. 1. What can be inferred about the SINCGARS radio? A It cannot hop frequencies automatically B It is mostly used for data transmissions. C thas better battery than the AN/PRC-148, D Soldiers wear it ike a backpack 10 the Solsir’s Life: Radio Basics ‘radon the feld to the text, what is true of the AN/PRC-148 handheld radio? A Itcan receive but not send data messages B Its too large to fit into a solder’s pocket C It uses a rechargeable battery D thas a longer range than man-pack radios. b) In pairs, talk about how many types of radios there are and how they can be used. Vocabulary Choose the correct definition for each word. 1. man-pack A arradio worn on the back B_amessage sent through a radio C a type of radio transmission 2 two-way ‘A. moving in two directions B consisting of two parts using voice and data 3 stayin contact A toreplace batteries B_ to have communication C to turn offa radio4 Study the table below. Afirmative Yes Roger |lunderstand / received your transmission. Negative No Wilco | will comply; | will do what you have asked. Standby Wait. Over I'm finished speaking and waiting for a reply. out I'm finished speaking and don’t expect a reply. Please send your next transmission. Say again, Repeat the las You're breaking up cannot hear you/ your voice. Go ahead Insmission. 5 Complete the conversat th appropr words or phrases from the word bank. (megative —_—mwilko ou 077: Echo one-three, | didn’t hear your last transmission. Please (1) £13: | repeat, please advise. Is air reconnaissance available for this area? (2) 07; (3) We do not have air recon at this time. Please wait for further instructions E13: (4) | will await your next transmission. (5) 6 Complete the word or short phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1 Lunderstood your last transmission. | am moving toward the objective now. 1eogE DO 2. Yes. All units have reported back to base f 3 You'te going to have to repeat the last transmission, soldier. couldn't understand you oe ae -P Tf ~ soldier in the fi 4. This is Delta Actual. Please proceed with your transmission oa I'm verifying that information for you now. Please wait until my next transmission So te aa Listening Listen to a radio conversation between a Id and his commander. Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passage) that you hear. 8 (Listen again to the conversation. Then ~ answer the questions. Why does the man contact the woman on the radio? 2. What does the woman order the unit to do? 3. Why does the man ask the woman to "say again?” Speaking 9 In pairs, act out short radio exchanges using the procedure words in Ex. 4. The Soldier's Life: Radio Basics 117 The Soldier's Life: On Post A post is a site owned and run by the military. There are many names for a post, such as a fort or garrison. Posts house equipment and provide shelter for personnel. They can also be used for training and ‘operations needs. Some posts act as command centers. Most posts offer housing (called "barracks’, “billets” or “quarters”) for the one or more units stationed there. There are generally post offices and dining facilities (DFACs) available. There may also be a post exchange (PX). Comprehension 1 Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1 The words “fort” and “shelter” both refer toa military post 2. Posts are used for both housing and training ‘troops, and they can also be command centers. 3. Most posts offer housing for only one unit stationed there. 4. There is always a post exchange on a military post Vocabulary 2 Complete the table with words or phrases from the word bank. DFAC bbarracks ‘command center shelter postexchange operations Gunes Gees 3 Choose the correct definition for each word. 1. What is the best use of a billet? Ato provide meals to soldiers B. to allow soldiers to purchase equipment C to train soldiers D to provide housing to soldiers 12 the sot ue: on Post 2. Ifa soldier is stationed at a post, then he or she is A training to become an officer. B assigned to live there. C participating in a training exercise. D_ defending the post from attack 3. Ona military post, personnel refers to A all soldiers that are away from the base. B all staff members not trained for combat. C all of the people assigned to that post. D any non-enlisted visitor to the base Listening 4 (Listen to a sergeant giving a post tour to ~ some civilians. The speaker describes two different parts of the base, but does not mention them by name. Put a check (V) by each place the speaker describes. O barracks O DFAC Q fitness cente Q post office 2 post exchange Q_command center 5 (]Listen again to the sergeant's tour. Then, ~ write a description of a military barracks as if you are a sergeant giving a post tour.Different kinds of meals are provided for soldiers in the field. A-Rations, or garrison rations, are given if a dining hall (also called a “chow hall’) or field kitchen is available. They consist of fresh or frozen foods that must be cooked to be prepared. ‘The standard type of field ration for the individual is called the MRE ("Meal, Ready to Eat”). ‘There are also First Strike Rations. They have ‘over twice the calories of an MRE. Soldiers use these when they are on the move. Soldiers camry siverware and cookware with them in mess kits. US Amy Fst ‘sinke Raion Comprehension 1 Read, listen and answer the questions. 1. Where are A-Rations typically prepared? 2. How many people does one MRE feed? 3 When do soldiers use First Strike Rations? 4, What does a soldier carry in a mess kit? Vocabulary 2 Mark ¥ if the word/phrase in bold is used correctly. Mark X if it is used incorrectly. 1 Soldiers can prepare garrison rations without cooking them. 2. A field kitchen allows units to prepare hot meals for soldiers in the field, away from a dining facility 3. MRES are small chocolate bars intended to give an energy boost 4. Ifa soldier needs to cook food in the field, he or she can use a mess kit 5. The solders were on the move to a new position when they encountered enemy resistance. 3 Write the type of ration described in each definition. 1. a small ration that is eaten during periods of high activity or heavy fighting 2 ameal that must be prepared in a dining hall or field kitchen 3 a meal eaten by soldiers that does not require any preparation istening 4 Q]Listen to the conversation between two ~ soldiers. Then answer the questions. 11 What did the man’s commander say about A- rations? 2. What type of ration are the soldiers running out of? 3. What type of ration does the man say that the soldiers will have to rely on? 5 (]Listen again and check your answers. Speaking 6 In pairs or small groups, discuss the different the field. ‘The Soldier's Life: Food 13Q The Soldier's Life: First-Aid Medics give first aid to casualties until further medical help is available. Battlefield medicine, or field surgery, gives trauma care to soldiers on the front lines, The goals are to preserve life, to prevent more harm, and to promote recovery. Medics carry mobile medical kits to aid them with treatment. In addition, each soldier has a field dressing that can be applied to wounds immediately. The “ABCs” are first aid basics. They stand for Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. Medics first make sure that the airway is clear. They then ensure that the patient is breathing, and that there is a heartbeat. If not, medics must provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Medics ge frst ad to batted casuolies Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a purpose of first aid and field surgery? A to develop new life-saving techniques B_tohelp soldiers recover from wounds C to keep soldiers alive in the field D to prevent further injury to casualties 2. Ifa soldier receives a bleeding wound in battle, a medic should immediately A take the soldier to a field hospital B. ive the soldier a mobile medical kit apply afield dressing to the wound D use cardiopulmonary resuscitation 3 Which of the following is NOT an important step in the ABCs of first aid? ‘A. dlearing the casualty’s airway B_ keeping the casualty’s heart beating C cleaning the casualty’s wounds D_ making sure that the casualty is breathing 14 Tresor’ te: rst Vocabulary Choose the correct definition for each given word or phrase. 1 casualty A. apiece of a medical kit B a soldier who is wounded in battle a type of medical care 2. field dressing A the first step of first aid B a type of battle injury Ca bandage carried by soldiers 3. circulation A the movement of blood B_ proper breathing C the use of CPR 4 trauma A. asoldier trained in medicine B a device used to treat wounds C_aserious bodily injuryThe Soldier's Life: First Aid 9 3 Study the labelled 4 Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from talk about what a medical kit contains. the word bank. tourniquet ‘nasopharyngeal airway Medical kit gauze field dressing 1. The patient has a large puncture wound on the inside of hs left thigh. We should cover it with a = 2. The soldier isn’t breathin We need to use a to get the patient breathing again. 3 It doesn’t look like the wound is serious, but we need to cover it to prevent infection. Let’s use but | have a pulse sore to protect the wound =I 4. The bleeding won't stop! | think an artery has been cut. We have to apply a immediately Listening & Speaking 5 (Two soldiers have encountered a ~ wounded soldier in battle. Listen to their conversation. 6 (Listen again to the conversation. Using ~'the words in the word bank, write down how the soldiers treat the patient. Then tell the class. field dressing \airway ‘breathing circulation 7 Imagine you are a medic. Explain what your Fa job involves. Nasopharyngeal airway Examination gloves Field dressing Gauze package Gauze Tourniquet ‘Surgical tape Bandage Adhesive tape Chest pad Lip balm et ey10 The Soldiers Life: Uniforms & Tactical Geai Today's military uniforms are lightweight and comfortable. Most countries’ field uniforms are ‘camouflaged. This makes the soldiers blend into the scenery. Trousers, a T-shirt, boots and headgear make up the basic field uniform. For colder weather, soldiers wear a field jacket. A soldier carries what he needs into battle in load-bearing equipment, including a rucksack and webbing. The webbing may contain a bayonet, two or more ammo | pouches, a first aid kt, canteen holders for water canteens and even a pistol holster. The | soldier typically wears a Kevlar helmet into battle. Two US Amy camouflage potters usedin Aghaniston 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 2. Look at the illustration on the right. Label the 's uniform. numbered parts of the soldi | Comprehension Vocabulary | 1. Tohelp them ..., soldiers wear uniforms that are camouflaged. 1 A carry heavy equipment 5 B. hide in their surroundings C stay warm in cold weather 3 D carry additional equipment ia 2. Which is NOT normally a part of the webbing? 5 A a first aid kit B trousers S € abayonet 7 8 D_an ammo pouch 16 the Soldier's Lite: Uniforms & Tactical Geariving an interview to the ~ press. Listen as he discusses his uniform. ’s interview. Put of equipment 4 (Listen again to the sol ~ acheck (/) by each pi that he mentions. O Keviar helmet O canteen Q bayonet Oi rucksack oes O flashlight Q webbing O holster O first aid kit O field jacket Speaking 5 Use the photographs and the illustration to talk about @)- a soldier's uniform and tactical gear. ‘The Soldier's Life: Uniforms & Tactical Gear 1711 > Organization The use of ranks in armies is nothing new. In fact, some modern ranks existed in the Middle Ages, such as the rank of captain. Today, there are two main groups: enlisted soldiers and officers. Enlisted soldiers have no command. authority. They rank below all commissioned officers. Enlisted soldiers begin with the rank of private. general eho 18 organization: Rank Structure CTL acide tent c) There are two types of officers. A non- commissioned officer (NCO) like a sergeant is given some authority. However, NCOs are not full officers. A warrant officer is a type of NCO. They are] often technicians and specialists. Commissioned officers begin with the rank of lieutenant. They must undergo special training to receive their “commission. Commissioned officers such as generals command armies or major parts of armies. Comprehension Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1. The ranks used by armies today were created by armies in the Middle Ages. 2. Enlisted soldiers only have command authority over ‘non-commissioned officers. 3. The rank of private is the lowest rank that a commissioned officer holds. 4 Warrant officers are considered non-commissioned officers 5 The lowest commissioned rank is the rank of lieutenant. Choose the correct answer for each question. 1. Which of the following is a non-commissioned officer? A aprivate B assergeant ageneral 2. Which job mi A infantryman B field medic C artillery targeting technician it a warrant officer have? Vocabulary Study the illustration on the next page. Choose the rank in each pai in authority. 19 that is higher 1. sergeant major / sergeant 2. private / corporal 3. colonel / general 4 lieutenant / command sergeant major 5. captain / lieutenant colonelENLISTED RANK INSIGNIA A ¢&¢ A @ A Private Private First Class Corporal Specialist Sergeant Staff Sergeant (Pu) (Prec) (pl) (Spe) (Sat) (SSa) Sergeant Master Sergeant First Sergeant Sergeant Major ‘Command Sergeant Major First Class (Msg) (189) (SoM) ‘Sergeant Major of the Army (Sto) (csm) (sma) OFFICER RANK INSIGNIA 1 t #8 & Second Lieutenant First Lieutenant Captain Major Lieutenant Colonel (ay (iu) (Cpt) (Maj) (ue) * * * x * Se * x x x Colonel Brigadier General Major General Lieutenant General General (Col (@s) (wc) (us) (Gen) 5 Write the name of the rank for each of the Listening insignia below. 6 (Listen to a conversation between two ~ retired soldiers at a reunion. Then answer the questions. e2 “w! 1. What rank does Mr. Tippins hold? 2 What was Mr. Golenic’s rank when he retired? 3. What branch of the army did the men serve in? @®te > 4 What was Mr. Golenic’s job when he retired? 7 (}Listen again and check your answers. Organization: Rank Structure 19)12 Organization: Military Organization “Aplatoon commande with men fom ane of is fetes ‘The organization of an army greatly increases its effectiveness. The smallest unit in a modern army is the fireteam. This is made up of four to five soldiers. Two or more fireteams together make up a squad. Similarly, two or more squads form a platoon (25-60 people). Above the platoon is the company (2-8 platoons, with 70-250 soldiers). A battalion can include up to 1,500 troops. Two or more battalions make up a regiment and two to four regiments create a division consisting of 10,000-20,000 soldiers. An army is commanded by a general and can have more than 100,000 troops. Comprehension 5 What is the largest unit mentioned in the text? 1 Read, listen and answer the questions. 1 According to the passage, what is the purpose of 2. Match the unit name (1-7) with its size (A-G) military organization? by drawing a line between the two items. | | ‘ra soldiers 2. What is the most basic unit in a modern army? 2noReenn B 45 soldiers 3. battalion C 100,000 soldiers 3. What army unit is most likely to be commanded 2 Meare 4 division D 1500 soldi 5 amy E 25 soldiers 4, How many battalions are required to make a 6 squad F 10soldiers ar 7 platoon G 250 soldiers 20 crore: tary orpariztonVocabulary 3 Study the table below. ‘Approx Size Symial nie — PONS Commander Army 100,000 general a, Corps 30,000-80,000 general Division 10,000 - 20,000 general 1 Brigade 2,000- 5,000 colonel / general Regiment 2,000 - 3,000 colonel [5] Battalion 300-1,500 It colonel [SX] company 70-250 captain major Platoon 25-60 lieutenant Section 8-12 corporal / sergeant ‘Squad 8-16 corporal sergeant ° Fireteam 4-5 corporal 4 Mark each sentence as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1. An infantry battalion and an infantry company are both led by a lieutenant colonel 2. Corporals have the abilty to lead fireteams, sections, and squads. 3 Abrigade and a regiment may have approximately the same number of troops. 4. An army can contain up to 100,000 troops. 5 Abrigade can be led either by a general or a colonel. 5 Qlisten to a mission ove 6 Listening & Speaking w by an army ‘commander in a situation room. Write the name of the unit that each soldier commands. Captain Garcia a Lieutenant Smith Sergeant Martin 4)... Corporal Roberts Listen again to the mission overview. ~ Then answer the questions. 1. According to the commander, what is the Objective of this mission? 2. What is the objective of Sergeant Martin’s squad? 3. Which unit will be held in reserve? 7 Use the table in Ex. 3 to explain how an army is organized. Organization: Miltary Organization 21Each branch (also called an arm or service) within an army has a specific purpose. Combat arms units fight the enemy directly, The infantry (or foot soldiers) is the oldest of these. Infantry soldiers engage the enemy face-to-face, often with small arms. Field artillery units control large- caliber guns. The artillery provides fire from long distances. Armored ns employ tanks for front-line combat. There are also combat support arms such as the Corps of Engineers and Military Police. These units do not typically fight the enemy directly. Instead, they offer support to units that do,Comprehension Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. According to the passage, what is the role of field artillery units? ‘A to support foot soldiers from long distances B to provide the infantry with weapons € to perform maintenance and construction D to engage the enemy in face-to-face combat 2 Field artillery units use .. as their primary weapons. A rifles B large-caliber guns armored vehicles D tanks 3. What can be inferred about the Corps of Engineers? A They are the oldest branch of the military. B They accompany armor into battle. € They aren't primarily trained for direct fighting D They face the enemy frequently Vocabulary Choose the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to each given word. 1 branch A infantry B combat arms C service 2 infantry A combat support arms B foot soldiers armored units Match 1-6 with A-F to complete the military terms. 1 foot A. the enemy 2 field B attilery 3 engage of Engineers 4 armored D_ support arms 5 combat E soldiers 6 Corps F division 4 Complete the table with words or phrases from the word bank. istening 5 (jAsoldier is at a recruiting office to discuss ~' careers in the army. Listen to the recruiting officer advising him, and complete the notes about the two careers she discusses. Use only one or two words in each gap. Get training Fight on the @) Get fantastic (2) training Special Forces: ” sotdiers Carry out (5) missions eo aissions) 6 (plisten again and check your answers. Speaking 7 Use the notes in Ex. 5 to talk about the advantages of each career. Organization: Arms & Services 2324 ana Neviton: Map Rendog 1 14 Land Navigation: Map Reading 1 Desert, mountain, jungle, arctic, and urban are the five main terrain features on a map. Key topographical features (see Map Reading 2) of an area are also on a map. Maps are split into 1,000-meter by 1,000- meter grids. Using the grid coordinates of a military map, soldiers can determine the locations of topographic features as well as units, roads and so on. Soldiers can determine distances, find the best routes and even locate the best areas for cover and concealment. Maps are drawn in scales. A scale of 1:50,000 (say “one to fifty thousand”) shows terrain features in detail. Such large-scale maps are popular for land navigation. On the other hand, small scale maps (1:1,000,000) are used for strategic planning Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 How many main types of terrain are mentioned in the passage? A three C five B four D six 2. What can be inferred about a small-scale map? A It's commonly used in the field for land navigation. B It shows features in less detail than a large scale one, It uses different colors than large-scale maps D It’s the most common map a squad leader will use. Vocabulary 2. Write the terrain type described by each definition. 1. terrain marked by a large number of man-made structures such as buildings, roads, and bridges 2. areas of high vegetation, humidity and rainfall that contain large numbers of wildlife ‘amop-eading exercise 3. an extremely dry, sandy area with very little vegetation 4 an area that frequently experienc: cold temperatures and ice or snow extremely 5. alarge area of terrain that is significantly elevated and marked by rising and falling elevation Choose the correct definition for each given word or phrase. 1. gridcoordinates A the land features shown on a map B_ the numbers representing map positions C_a method of drawing maps 2 concealment A akind of land navigation B a type of terrain the act of hiding 3. topographical feature A the numbers on a map B the relative size of a map land formation on a mapen additional number to each coordinate to refer to positions within a grid square. For instance, grid 104605 could be sed to refer to the leftmost peak itself. To do this, divide the grid 1060 into tenths (100-meter units). Then estimate grid coordinates: ‘The location of anything on a map can be described using grid coordinates. When saying the coordinates, begin with the horizontal grid number, and then say the vertical grid number. For instance, grid 1060 refers to the square that contains the leftmost peak (Hill 236) on the map above. For more accurate position descriptions, add an the distance from the left vertical gridline to the hilltop (approximately 4). Add that to the horizontal grid number: 104. Now do the same thing with the vertical gridline. The six-digit grid location of Hill 236 is 104605. 4 Look at the map above. Then read the short Listening passage which follows it. 5 Answer the questions about the map. 1. What is the highest elevation on the map? #. a Listen to a unit commander giving ~ instructions for a reconnaissance mission. Note down the coordinates, and then draw the route described by the commander on the map above. 2. What is the lowest elevation marked on the map? 8 (Listen again and check your answers. 6 Place the correct mark on the map at the Speaking following grid coordinates. 1 B 3 4 5 Grid 105615 (mark Grid 139589 (mark Grid 165621 (mark Grid 183598 (mark Grid 111606 (mark ‘al b’ c J e 9 What does a military map show? How can a soldier determine the locations shown on it? Tell the class. Land Navigation: Map Reading 1 25Topographical maps depict different types of terrain. Maps use contour lines to show terrain features, their elevation, and their form. Major features include hills, saddles, valleys, ridges, and depressions. Hills are illustrated with concentric circles. Saddles are vertical dips between two hills. These are denoted with hourglass-shaped contour lines. Valleys are HILL RIDGE DRAW Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 What is the main purpose of contour lines on a topographic map? A to show elevation of terrain features B to explain the location of true north C towarn soldiers of danger wing is NOT a man-made 2 Which of the follc feature? A depression fill C cut 26 Land navieion: Map Reacing 2 pall ‘grooves in the land formed by rivers or streams. A ridge is a long, narrow hilltop or a line of two or more hills next to each other. A depression is a low point or sinkhole in the ground. Draws, spurs, and cliffs are minor terrain features. Maps may also contain mat made features like cuts or fils. ‘VALLEY DEPRESSION it Be CU ata Vocabulary 2 Write the topographical feature described by each definition. 19, narrow line of hi hat is higher than the surrounding terrain 3 an area of land that has sunk below the surrounding land4. along, low area of land often found between mountains 5 allow point between two hills Look at the numbered features on the map above. Label the features words from ‘the box. i Listening 4 (Listen to a commander making a radio ~ transmission to one of his fireteams. Draw the route described by the commander on the map above, and then note down the approximate coordinates. 5 (Listen again and check your answers. ~ Then answer the following questions. 1. Where do you guess that the enemy Position is located? Give approximate grid coordinates. 2 What will the fireteam do once it reaches the top of the hill? Land Navigation: Map Reading 227=. ‘ABCs [N-C-U9]: an acronym used to refer to the steps of giving frst aid accuracy [N-UNC-U2] the ability to hit the target without making mistakes affirmative [PROCEDURE WORD- U6}: a term that means “yes” aim [V-V-U1]: to point a weapon at something or somebody. airway [N-C-US]: the passage that Carries air from the mouth to the lungs. ammo pouch [N-C-U10]: a cloth pocket that holds bullets. AN/PRC-148 [N-C-U6I: a radio that is held in one hand. It is used by militaries around the world. anti-personnel [ADJ-US]: (a weapon) designed to harm people in particular. ‘Acration [N-C-U8]: a meal for soldiers that is cooked in a dining facility or a field kitchen. arctic [ADJ-U14]: (a place) with very cold weather most of the time. arm [N-C-U13]: a part of the military with a specific purpose. armored [ADJ-US]: (a vehicle) covered with a strong material that protects it. armored divisions [N-C-U13]: a part of the army that use armored vehicles, such as tanks, artillery piece [N-C-U4]: a large weapon that is usually moved on wheels. assault rifle [N-C-U2]: an automatic or semi-automatic rifle used in military operations, 28 ciossary assault weapon [N-C-U2]: a gun that is ysed in military operations. ‘automatic [ADJ-U2]: (a weapon) able to fire multiple bullets with one trigger press. backpack [N-C-U6]: a sack worn on the back and used to carry things. barracks [N-C-U71: buildings where soldiers sleep and live. barrel [N-C-U2]: a tube-like part of a gun through which the bullet travels when the firearm is shot. battle [N-C-U4}: a fight between ‘two armies, battlefield medicine [N-UNC-U9} the treatment of wounded soldiers ‘on or close to the battlefield bayonet [N-C-U10}: a knife attached to the end of a rifle billet [N-C-U7]: a building where soldiers sleep and live. biological attack [ADJ-US]: using germs or disease-causing material to hurt people. blend into [PHRASAL V-U10]: to look the same as the surrounding area or people. branch [N-C-U13]: a part of the military with a specific purpose. breech [N-C-U4]: the rear part of a barrel bullet [N-C-U2]: a metal object that is fired from a gun. burst [N-C-U2]: multiple bullets fired with one trigger pull ‘calorie [N-C-U8}: a unit of measuring the amount of energy that food provides. ‘camouflaged [ADJ-U10]: colored in such a way that itis difficult for enemies to see it. cannon [N-C-U4]: a large weapon that fires large projectiles over long distances. canteen [N-C-U10]: a container that holds liquids. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) [N-UNC-US}: a medical technique used when the heart has stopped, ‘casualty [N-C-U9]: somebody who has been injured or killed charge [V-I-U1}: place bullets inside the chamber of a gun. chemical attack (ADJ-US): using toxic substances to injure people Circulation [N-UNC-U9}: the movernent of blood through the body. cliff [N-C-U15}: a vertical wall of rock close combat [N-UNC-U1]: a type of fighting that involves fighting ‘over a short distance, without ‘weapons in some cases. combat arms [N-UNC-U13]: parts of the army that fight. combat support arms [N-UNC- U13]: parts of the military that don't fight, but help the combat divisions by doing construction or maintenance work ‘combat zone [N-C-US]: the area where fighting between armies takes place ‘command authority [N-UNC-U1 1 the official privilege to give orders.command center [N-C-U7]: a place where official orders are given. ‘commander [N-C-U1]: a person who is officially in control of miltary unit. commanding officer [N-C-U1]: the offcial leader of a military unit. commissioned officer [N-C-U11]: a person in the military who is in charge of performing specific tasks. ‘concealment [N-UNC-U14]: when something is hidden. concentric circles [N-C-U15]: a saries of circles of different sizes that have the same center, contour line [N-C-U15]: line on a map that connects points on places that are the same height. cookware [N-UNC-U8]: items used toprepare food, such as pots and pans Corps of Engineers [N-C-U13]: a group of engineers that design and construct military buildings cover [N-UNC-U14]: a place that provides protection. crew-served [ADJ-Ud]: (a weapon) operated by a group of people depression [N-C-U15]: a low point inthe ground, desert [N-C/UNC-U14]: an area that receives little rain. detonate [V-/T-U3]: to ‘eplode/make something explode. fining facility (OFAC) [N-C-U7]: 2 place to get food and eat. {ining hall [N-C-U8I: a place where ‘ood is prepared and eaten. tirec fire [N-UNC-U4]: aiming 2 aun directly at a target. discharge [V-T-U3}: to shoot a weapon. draw [N-C-U15}: a small valley. elevation [N-UNC-U15]: the height above sea level enlisted [ADJ-U11]: (a person) with the lowest rank in the military. examination glove [N-C-U]: a rubber or latex glove used to prevent the spread of infection. field [N-C-U8]: any area outside of the military-run post. field artillery [N-UNC-U13]: the part of the military that use large weapons, field dressing [N-C-U9]: a bandage that soldiers carry that is used to cover injuries. field jacket [N-C-U10}: a garment that protects the top part of the body from cold. field kitchen [N-C-U8}: a place to prepare food in a place outside of the post. field surgery [N-UNC-U9]: the treatment of wounded soldiers on or close to the battlefield fire [V-VT-U2]; to shoot a weapon firearm [N-C-U2]: a weapon that uses bullets. firepower [N-UNC-U5]: the amount of weaponry that is available to a military group firing pin [N-C-U3]: a device located at the base of a mortar which causes the wedpon to fire. first aid [N-UNC-U9]: medical treatment given to an injured person before regular medical aid arrives. Glossary First Strike Ration (FSR) [N-C-UB} a meal that is designed to be easy to carry and provide soldiers with no access to a field kitchen with a energizing meal. foot soldier [N-C-U13}: a person in the army that fights on foot and uses small arms fort [N-C-U7]: a site owned and run by the military; another word for “post”. front line [N-C-U9]: the most advanced part of the battlefield, where much of the fighting takes place. front-line warfare [N-UNC-US}: advanced military tactics used at the front of battlefield garrison [N-C-U7]:a site owned and run by the military; another word for “post”. garrison rations [N-C-U8}: another word for an A-ration. gauze [N-UNC-US]: a thin fabric Used to cover cuts Go ahead [PROCEDURE WORD- U6I: a term that means “send your next transmission” grid coordinates [N-UNC-U14}: a pair of numbers that show the exact position of a place on a map. gun [N-C-U4]: a modern term for cannon, handgun [N-C-U1] a firearm that can be held and fired with one hand. handheld [ADJ-U6]: designed to be carried and used with one hand. headgear [N-UNC-U10]: something worn on the head to protect it, such as a helmet. Gossary 29| ceemry WN heavy armor [N-UNC-US]: a strong material that provides protection. hill [N-C-U15}: an area of raised land that is not as high as a mountain holster [N-C-U10]: a leather or canvas case designed to hold a firearm. It is often worn at the hip. hop frequencies [PHRASAL V-U6]. to change from one frequency to another in order to prevent others from listening to a radio communication. house [V-T-U7]: to store something, Howitzer [N-C-U4}: a large gun. that fires shells into the ait. hull [N-C-U5}: the main body of a tank indirect fire [N-UNC-U3]: when a weapon is aimed and fired without a specific target in a direct line of sight. infantry [N-UNC-U13]: a part of the army that fights on foot and uses small arms. jungle [N-C-U14]: an area with a lot of trees that receives a lot of rain. Kevlar [N-UNC-U10}: a material through which bullets cannot pass. land navigation [N-UNC-U14]. finding a way to travel from one place to another over land. lithium-ion battery [N-C-U6]: a type of power-storing device that can be recharged many times. load-bearing equipment [N-UNC- Ut0}: objects that are designed to carry items, 30 Glossary machine gun [N-C-US]: an automatic weapon that can fire many bullets with each trigger pull man-made features [N-C-U15]: parts of the land that were made by people, such as dams. ‘man-pack (ADJ-U6]: designed to be carried by one person. ‘medic [N-C-U9}: a person who provides emergency medical services to soldiers. mess kit [N-C-U8]: a collection of items that is used to prepare food by soldiers in the field. ary Police [N-UNC-U13} people in the military that act as guards and police. ‘mobile medical kit [N-C-U9]: a collection of medical instruments that can be carried easily to different places. mortar [N-C-U3]: a weapon that fires a round at low speed and over a short distance. mount [V-T-U3]: to attach an object to something mountain [N-C-U14]: a raised part of the Earth's surface. MRE (“Meal, Ready to Eat”) [N-C- Us}: a meal for one person that can be prepared without access to a dining hall or kitchen muzzle [N-C-U4]: the part of a weapon from which the round is shot. nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) [N- C-US}: a tube that is inserted through the nose to allow a patient to breathe. Negative [PROCEDURE WORD-U9}: a term that means “no* non-commissioned officer (NCO) [N-C-U11]: an enlisted person in the military who holds a higher rank and takes orders from commissioned officers. ‘obstacle [N-C-US]: something that keeps something from moving forward, con the move [PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE-U8]: going quickly without stopping, operations [N-UNC-U7]: work or actions completed by the military. ‘Out [PROCEDURE WORD-UGI: 2 term that means “finished speaking and don’t expect reply” Over [PROCEDURE WORD-U6]: a term that means “finished speaking and waiting for reply” personnel (N-C-U7]: people that ‘work in the military. pistol [N-C-U1 a type of handheld gun portable [ADI-U5]: able to be moved to different places easily. post exchange (PX) [N-C-U7]: a store where soldiers can shop. post [N-C-U7]: a site owned and run by the military. projectile [N-C-U4}: an object that is fired from a large weapon. propellant (N-C/UNC-U3]: a substance that explodes and causes objects to move forward. radio [N-C-U6]: a device that sends ‘and receives audio signals overlong) distances.range [N-UNC-U2]: the distance that something can travel rechargeable (ADI-U6]: (a device/battery) able to store power and to be reused. fidge N-C-U15]: a long, narrow hilltop or ine of hls fife [N-C-U2}: a firearm designed tobeshot from the shoulder, which «an shoot over long distances fifing [N-UNC-U2]: the process of «reating spiraling grooves on the inside of a gun barrel Roger [PROCEDURE WORD-U6]: a term that means "I received your transmission and understand.” round [N-C-U2]: a single piece of ‘ammunition, such as a bullet. rucksack [N-C-U10}: a cloth bag with straps that allow users to carry iton their backs. saddle (N-C-U15]: a vertical dip between two higher points. Say again [PROCEDURE WORD- Us}: term that means “repeat the lat transmission” scissors IN-UNC-USI: a tool used forcutting materials. semi-automatic [ADJ-U1]: (2 firearm) which automatically prepares the next bullet and shoots only one bullet per trigger press. service [N-C-U13]: a part of the military with a specific purpose. service pistol [N-C-U1]: a handheld gun used by military personnel or law enforcement officers. ‘hell [N-C-U3]: a large object with pointed end that is filed with ‘plosives and shot from large weapons, such as mortars. shelter [N-C-U7): a place that. protects from bad weather and attacks, sidearm [N-C-U1]: a weapon that is worn at the side of the body. sight [N-C-U2]: a part of the gun which the shooter looks through in order to aim, ‘SINCGARS [N-C-U6I Single ‘Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System. Its a radio used by the United States military. small arms (N-C-U13]: smaller weapons that are typically handheld and mobil smoothbore [ADJ-USI: (barrel of a Weapon) which is not rifled on the inside, allowing a longer range and better armor piercing ability specialist [N-C-U11]: a person who has advanced knowledge in a specific field spur [N-C-U15]: a ridge that extends away from the main part of a mountain ‘Standby [PROCEDURE WORD-U6]: a term that means “wait” stationed [V-T-U7]: (past participle) assigned to go to a specific place. stay in contact [V PHRASE-U6]: to continue communicating with someone. surgical tape [N-UNC-U9]: a strip of fabric that has a sticky substance (on one side. tis used to hold gauze in place. surrender [V-V7-U1]: stop fighting and admit that the enemy has won. technician [N-C-U11]: a person with practical and theoretical knowledge of a specific field Glossary terrain [N-UNC-U14]: the natural features of an area of land. terrain features [N-C-U15]: a natural landform or type of land such as desert. ‘topographical features [N-C-U14} qualities of an area of land, such as ‘oceans or hil. tourniquet [N-C-U9}: a piece of cloth that is tied around a bleeding area (such as an arm or leg) to stop bleeding. tracks [N-C-US]: long belts made of separate pieces that replace wheels on tanks. training [N-UNC-U7]: the process of learning new skills. transmission [N-C-U6]: the sending and receiving of information, trauma [N-UNC-U9J: a serious injury. trigger [N-C-U2]: a part of the gun that, when pressed, causes a bullet to fire tube [N-C-U3]: a part of a mortar that is shaped like a pipe and through which the shell travels. when the weapon is fired turret [N-C-US]: a part of a tank that contains guns and which can be rotated in many directions. ‘two-way [ADJ-U6]: (communication) where each person can send and receive messages. uniform [N-C-U10]: a set of clothes that is worn by members of a group. urban [ADJ-U14]: (a place) which is adi. valley [N-C-U15I: a groove in the land made by moving water. Gossary 31Glossary vertical [ADI-U15|: which points straight up. ‘warrant officer [N-C-U11]: a leader of specific activities in the military, ‘who generally has a lot of military experience. weapon (N-C-U4): an object used for fighting, 32 ciossary WW webbing [N-C-U10]: strong fabric You're breaking up [PROCEDURE used to make belts and straps that. WORD-U6I; a term that means “I hold different items. cannot hear you". Wilco [PROCEDURE WORD-U6]: a term that means “will comply” wound [N-C-U9}: a part of the body that is hurt.& BOOK John Taylor - Jeff Zeter Auls Express PublishingChapter 1 - Weaponry Unit 1 Mines Unit 2 - Anti-tank Weapons Unit 3- Machine Guns Unit 4 - Future Weapons Chapter 2 - Vehicles & Platforms Unit 5 - Armored Fighting Vehicles Unit 6 ~ Multi-purpose Vehicles Unit 7 ~ Strykers Unit 8 ~ Air Defense Systems Unit 9 - Helicopters (Utility) Unit 10 — Helicopters (Attack) Chapter 3 - Operations Unit 11 - Peacekeeping Missions Unit 12 convoys Unit 13 ~ Patrols Unit 14 - Search and Rescue Unit 15 ~ Checkpoints Appendix Glossary we ae 10 12 14 15 16 7 18 20 2 24 26 281. Weaponry: Mines First conceived more than 600 years ago, land mines are among the deadliest | ‘components of any arsenal. A land mine is an explosive device that is triggered by its victim. It inflicts damage with both its blast and fragments. Mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are placed on or under the ground and are detonated by passing soldiers or vehicles. Anti-personnel land mines (APLs) are usually triggered by the pressure of a person’s foot. APLs act as area-denial weapons. In other words, they keep enemies out of certain areas. The use of APLs is controversial because of their danger to civilians. For this reason, some modern land mines are set to self-destruct after a lenath of time. This helps limit the number of civilian casualties, The Mi8A1 Claymore is an APL that fires, shrapnel in an arc. The fragments are discharged at a rate of 1,200 meters per second. They are mostly used in ambushes as_anti-infiltration weapons — against. infantry. Claymores may be deployed in three different modes. Time- delays feature a short-timed fuse as igniter, command detonation Claymores are set off by the operator, and —_victim- initiated devices are triggered by the enemy. Comprehension | Read, listen and mark each statement as om or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1. Some mines self-destruct to prevent danger to soldiers, 2. According to the passage, Claymores are used as f anti-armor weapons. Vocabulary Choose the correct def word or phrase. n for each given 1. area-denial weapon ‘A a weapon that prevents an enemy from entering an area B_ a weapon that uses bullets or shells a weapon that destroys the tires of a vehicle D_ a weapon that is detonated by the weapon's user 2 arsenal A a fragment propelled by an explosion B a detonation method for mines C a type of land mine D a group of weapons Complete the table with words or phrases from the word bank. anti-personnel self-destruct ‘area-denial ambush ‘command Vvictim-initiated “nti-infiltration time-delay CR eee es 2 Claymore mine1 Weaponry: Mines Clearing Mines Using soldiers to clear a minefield by hand is time-consuming and extremely dangerous. Instead, armies use mine-clearing machines. There are many different types of machines. For instance, a mine plow can be attached to a tank. The plow digs into the earth, lifts mines up, and pushes them to the side of the tank. Another machine, the Aardvark Mk IV, has spinning chain flails that hit and destroy mines. Vso purpose but armored mine plowing vehicle Comprehension 4 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. that his platoon found on the road, 1 B The area was suspected to contain a , 50 the company looked for an altemate route. 2 2 command detonation /victim-initiated A The mine was set up in a place where walking enemies would easily trigger it. B The specialist wanted to control when his, mines would detonate, so he used mines 3 Claymore / shrapnel ‘A The mine detonated, sending out all around the immediate area. B The soldier set up a the entrance to the building, 4 mine plow / chain fail 1. Amine plow helps to clear a minefield because it A The pushed the mines out A pushes mines deep into the ground. of the way while a squad of soldiers followed B destroys a mine's detonating mechanism. B_ The soldiers had to clear the minefield, so ouses wn fone oar ren oo ta they used a to destroy the mines. of the way. pu Mafitration D destroys mines before other po teaen on on at ee MR naar than Toprevent movement of enemy vides, they 2. What does the mine fai aoe use to destroy mines? B The enemy Ne ea mines were intended to cause a mary C a chemical substance cesualls ae paSE D a group of spinning chains Listening Vocabulary 6 © Listen to a conversation between a 5 Match the words/phrases sergeant and a specialist. They are with the blanks. attempting to cross a minefield. 1 land mine/ minefield 7 Q1 Listen again and answer the questions. A The engineer disarmed a eB: According to the sergeant, why can’t the soldiers lear the minefield by hand? What does the specialist recommend that they do to cross the minefield? How does the sergeant intend to protect the other vehicles in the company? Weaponry: Mines 5© Weaponry: Ant-tank Weapons How can a single soldier defeat a tank? This is possible with anti-tank guided missiles. ATGMs are designed to destroy heavily-armored vehicles. They can be as small as shoulder- launched weapons operated by a single soldier, though some larger ATGMs need to be mounted on tripods, trucks, or even aircraft. The Javelin and TOW are two of the most widely used ATGMs in the world. ‘The FGM-148 Javelin is a man-portable ATGM. With its system, the Javelin is a fire-and-forget missile. This means that no further human guidance is required after it has been launched. The Javelin’s tandem warhead can even destroy explosive-reactive armor (ERA). Vehicles with ERA have explosive devices that detonate penetrating weapons before they ‘can do much damage. The tandem warhead, however, destroys the target's ERA before penetrating the vehicle's main armor. y Comprehension Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. According to the passage, ATGMs can be mounted on all of the following EXCEPT A heavy armor. B. tripods. wheeled vehicles. D aircraft. 2. The Javelin’s homing system is controlled by A the user after the missile is fired B_ a computer outside of the missile © aradarsy D_ a guidance system using infrared technology. 3. A tandem warhead destroys explosive- eactive armor by A seeking weak points in the armor. B_ detonating both warheads inside of the armor causing a series of two explosions. D firing the missile at high speed. Vocabulary 2 Complete the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined phrase. 1. To increase accuracy, missiles have different systems to help them track their targets. h__e 2. To pierce the tank's steel, the soldiers had to use weapons meant to pass through armor. pie aw, s 3 The self-guided missile flew for approximately 800 meters before destroying the target. pone. te CrP? Seiaeee 4. The missile launcher was small and light enough to be considered transportable by soldiers. np 3 Answer each question with the correct word or phrase from the word bank. 1. What type of armor is able to destroy missiles before they can cause serious damage to a vehicle? 2. What type of guidance system uses the heat from a vehicle to track a target? 3 What type of missile launching system is designed to be used by only one person? Fring atovelnWeaponry: Anti-tank Weapons Tow Unlike the Javelin, the BGM-71 TOW's size makes it difficult to be treated as man-portable. Its name stands for "Tube-launched, Optically-tracked, and Wire- guided.” TOWs can be launched from a variety of platforms. ToWs are not fire-and-forget weapons like the Javelin, and the user must keep the target in his line of sight. But they don’t have to rely on thermal views to acquire targets. This makes for a speedier attack. Comprehension Listening 4 Read, listen and find three pros and two cons § () An infantry company is engaged in battle of the TOW missile mentioned in the passage. with the enemy. Listen to an anti-armor Write them in the box below. unit discuss its mission. Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passages) that you hear. 2 Listen again and fill in the blanks in the mission instructions. First squad Set UP a (1) ner sn position on Vocabulary the hill 5 Complete the sentences with phrases from Keep enemy in sight for (2) tracking the word bank. Second Squad | ACES sfem EEmEDIMssile Take (3) behind the tree line. thermal weapons anti-tank guided missiles en eine rae 1 The (4) lost track of its target when the target left the shooter's line of sight. Speaking ate able to track targets that put out large amounts of heat 8 In pairs or small groups, discuss the 3 i were used in Operation Whitehorse to destroy differences between the Javelin and the BGM- enemy armor. 71 TOW. 4 When its failed, the missile missed the target. Weaponry: Anti-tank Weapons 73. Weaponry: Machine Guns Amachine gun is a fully automatic firearm. It is designed to fire bullets quickly, one after another. It will fire as long as the trigger is held down and ammunition is fed into it. Bullets are fed into machine guns with drums, ammunition belts and large capacity magazines. They are most effective When fired from a bipod or tripod. ‘The machine gun was invented by Sir Hiram Maxim in 1884. The "Maxim Gun” operated with recoi power. Thus, the power of the previously fired bullet put the next cartridge into place. Its rate of fire was 600 rounds per minute. Today, the machine gun has many uses on the battlefield. It is primarily used against unprotected troops. However, larger caliber machine guns are used against lightly armored vehicles and aircraft In addition, soldiers use them for suppressive fire against enemy troops. Comprehension 1. Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1 From the passage, which is true of machine guns? A They use three different types of bullets. B The first ones used large-capacity magazines. C Sir Hiram Maxim created the first one. D They typically fire 600 rounds per minute 2. What can be inferrred about small-caliber machine guns? ‘A. Their rate of fire is slower than larger ones. B They are not effective against heavy armor. C They are deadlier than the Maxim Gun. D They are usually belt-fed 8 Weaponry: Machine Guns }2 4 5 6 Vocabulary ‘Complete the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. The fully automatic firearm was invented in 1884. a Sei 2. The Maxim Gun fired 600 bullets per minute. an 3. Most armies use small, medium and large sized machine guns. _a__ _e 4 Soldiers use machines guns for keeping the inplace and from firing back Bee aisvtermics 5 The partofthe weapon that s pulled to fie itis usually curved. _ e. 6 Private Smith fired his weapon and felt its backward force. _ _ _oi_ 7 Thespeed that a weapon fires is different for each weapon. ___e i my. Complete the table with words or phrases from the word bank. bipod [magazine {bullet | round drum belt cartridge © tripod eee Land Na Peeve ace Ammunition Dae ans ‘a Machine Gun Lister 9 Q Listen to a sergeant gi training class. ing a weapons Gi ietaneeeta neler ated tatee Notes: Weapons Training Class Weapon: (1) Caliber: (2) Number of crew: (3) Primary use: (4) Most effectively operated using a: (5) Q71 Listen again and check your answers.Modern weapons are quite advanced, but the weapons of the future may provide soldiers with some astonishing new abilities. For instance, the XM29 OICW is a prototype combination assault rifle and low-velocity cannon. It fires airburst munitions set to explode next to hidden targets. This will allow soldiers to neutralize enemy troops even when the enemy is hidden behind rocks, buildings or sandbags. ‘The CornerShot is a special-purpose weapon designed for hostile urban encounters. The front section of the CornerShot houses a pistol and Comprehension 1 Read, listen and answer the questions. 1. What is the main advantage of the airburst munitions used by the XM29 OICW? 2. What types of weapons can be used with the ComnerShot? 3. How does the MP7 differ from other submachine guns? Vocabulary 2 Choose the best word or phrase to match each given definition. 1 atype of automatic firearm that fies pistol rounds A prototype c ow B submachine gun _D_ CornerShot 2 acomplete firearm round consisting ofa bullet, gunpowder, and primer A cartridge B. low-velocity cannon C prototype D_ body armor 3. a firearm designed to be used in unusual circumstances A airburst munition B sandbag body armor D special-purpose weapon 3 Match each phrase in the word bank with the correct weapon. rt Future Weapons ‘grenade launcher and can bend horizontally. The shooter remotely fires the pistol from a trigger in the butt side of the hinge. There is also a viewing screen for the operator to aim at hidden targets. ‘The MP7 is a submachine gun able to pierce high- quality body armor. Submachine guns combine the ‘automatic fire of a machine gun with a pistol's cartridge. The MP7 fires a specially designed round that matches the power of most modern rifles and is small enough to be used in place of a pistol. submachine gun i Sern spec purpose weapon stening 4 Q Listen to a weapons manufacturer describe a fictional prototype weapon. 5 Q Listen again and mark each of the following statements as true or false. Correct the false statements to make them true. 1. The XVT2A allows the user to fire rifle bullets around corners. 2 The XVT24 includes a grenade launcher. 3 A pistol can be attached to the front ofthe weapon. 4. The weapon is classified as a special-purpose weapon ‘Weaponry: Future Weapons 9bs) The transportation of infantry needs to be a swift and secure operation. Armored personnel carriers (APCs) were designed to make that possible. However, APCs don't carry much firepower. By definition, an APC carries arms less than 20 mm. Most are amphibious, able to travel on land and through water. Often referred to as “battle-taxis”, examples of APCs include the British FV432, the American M113, and the French VAB. Infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) are also used to transport soldiers to combat zones. Unlike the APCs, Comprehension 1 Read, listen and decide whether the statements (A-F) describe either an APC or an IFV. Place the letter of each statement in the correct box. A intended to support infantry with fire support B equipped with weaponry smaller than 20 mm C examples include the M113 and the VAB D can be equipped with ATGMs or surfa missiles E has room for up to twenty troops F generally holds ten or fewer passengers at a time ‘Armored Personnel Carrier Infantry Fighting Nema 110 Vehicles & Platforms: Armored Fighting Vehicles Wonlelecec Gee WO MSM Ral elem (ule however, they are fitted with heavier armor and more powerful armaments. This makes them able to engage in direct-fire battles. They are usually armed with 20-40 mm auto-cannons, machine ‘uns, and possibly ATGMs or surface-to-air missiles. They provide defense for infantry against mines and IEDs. While some APCs can carry up to ‘twenty passengers, most IFVs can manage no more than ten. Both APCs and IFVs are useful for transport, but only the IFV is truly able to provide fire support for its troops. Vocabulary 2 Choose the correct definition for each given word or phrase. 1. direct-fre battle A. a battle between infantry and vehic B a battle using explosiv Ca battle in which troops are likely to fight vehicles D abattle in wt position 2. amphibious A equipped with heavy weaponry B able to travel on land and water € able to carry troops into a battle D_amored on the exterior h enemies are targeting your 3. armaments A a type of armor B a troop-carrying vehicle C_a group of weapons D an explosive device‘The APC is a remarkably adaptable part of any infantry unit’s motor pool. For instance, the M113 APC can be modified to fit a wide range of ‘combat situations. The M163 variant is equipped with an anti-aircraft gun. The M901 carries a ‘TOW launcher and is used in anti-tank operations. APCs can even be used in non- combat operations. The M579 is a repair vehicle that comes equipped with a crane for lifting heavy objects. ¥ Comprehension 3 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of APCs? A delivering ammunition to troops B firing upon armored vehicles supporting anti-aircraft operations D lifting vehicles and assisting in repairs 2. What is true of the M901 APC variant? A Itis used in anti-air operations. B itis used to attack infantry on the ground. C thas lower troop capacity than other APCs. D It can target an enemy's armored vehicle Vocabulary 4 Choose the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to each given word. 1 auto-cannon A rocket launcher 8 ammunition © APC variant D rapid-fire artillery piece 2 IED A IV armor B bomb D battle 3 battle-taxi A APC c M163 B IRV D ATGM 4. surface-to-air missile A. missile guidance system B anti-aircraft weapon C air superiority D battle aircraft Listening 5 Q Listen to a dialogue between a motor pool ‘sergeant and a visitor. Put a check (/) by each type of APC in his motor pool. Q M113 Q Mss Q XM546E1 O M1062 Q xm734 O 73002 6 Q Listen again and write the name and function of each APC in the motor pool. 1 Name: Function: 2 Name: Function: 3 Name: Function Speaking T In pairs or small groups, talk about the main differences between APCs and IFVs, and then discuss the various ways in which APCs can be modified to suit different situations. Veties & lator: Amore ting vets 11Over the past twenty years, high-mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicles (HMMWVs, or Humvees) have become the vehicular backbones of the armed forces. ‘The Humvee (pronounced “hum-vee") has more than 40 cm of ground clearance for driving through rough terrain. It can be Used as cargo/troop transport, ambulance, missile carrier and more. Most Humvees have limited defense abilities. They are at high risk to land mine, IED, and explosively formed penetrator (EFP) attacks from below. Stil, Humvees are supplied with bullet- resistant glass and are moderately safe against lateral attacks. Most are fitted with infrared Combat Identification Panels that make them easy to identify through thermal imaging devices. This helps them avoid friendly fire. Using fording kits, they are able to travel through water as deep as 1.5 meters. ‘The four-wheel drive M1114 and M1116 HMMWVs have replaced Jeeps and other light trucks in combat. More than fifty countries around the world use a wide array of Humvee models ‘Humvees edapted for perimeter parol duties 12. Vehicles & Platforms: Multi-purpose VehiclesVT icp aye Z-i Co (a Comprehension 1 Read, listen and mark each statement as true ‘or false. Rewrite the underlined parts of the false statements to make them true. 1. Most Humvees have protection from attacks from the rear. 2. The high ground clearance of the Hurwee allows it to cross rough terrain, 3. Humvees are equipped with significant protection from mines and other explosives Vocabulary Complete the phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1. The driver of the Humvee was protected from pistol fire by the specially designed windshield. au rebar it ee 2. Because the vehicle was driven by all of its wheels, it crossed the rocky terrain with ease. 3. Without an attachment used to cross rivers, the Humvee had to find an alternate route eee Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. 1. The Humvee's crew was ordered to transport troops and ... along a highway. A cargo B EFPs friendly fire D_ ground clearance 2. Tohelp the ground troops identi Humvees, each vehicle had A bullet-resistant glass, B a lateral attack an HMMWV. D_ a Combat Identification Panel friendly 5 Q?) Listen agai 3 The Humvee crossed the rocks easily, but vehicles with less ... got stuck in the terrain. A friendly fire B ground clearance four-wheel drive D bullet-resistant glass Listening 4.Q Listen to a sergeant give instructions to a soldi in his unit. and write down each part of the unit's mission in the notes below. DEC Load (1) into the back of the Humvee. Drive to (2) Unload the (3) and the (4)... Proceed to (5) position. Company's Unload the (6) ammunition. ” 2 immediately afterwards. ——— Speaking 6 Use the words in the list to give a short talk about the Humvee Mission. hhigh-mobility “multi-purpose wheeled vehicle Groundelearance cargo \transport ‘ambulance missilecarrier limited defense abilities bullet resistant glass lateralattacks infrared combat Identification Panels —\fording kits Vehicles & Platforms: Multi-purpose Vehicles 13When infantry need to be moved to the battlefield ‘quickly and safely, there are specialized vehicles to get the job done. Strykers are eight-wheeled, all-wheel drive infantry fighting vehicles. They are used in light ‘or mobile units of Stryker Brigade Combat Teams. ‘These IFVs can carry nine passengers at speeds of up to 100 km/h. ‘The Stryker’s primary armament is an M2 .50-caliber machine gun or an MK19 40 mm grenade launcher mounted on a remote weapon station (RWS). The Stryker's exterior is thick enough to stop 14.5 mm armor-piercing machine gun rounds. It features stat armor which is capable of detonating explosive rounds before they hit the hull. The Stryker is also equipped with run-flat tires, designed to still be of Use after being punctured. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. What is the main purpose of the Stryker? ‘A to deliver supplies to troops in combat B to attack infantry with a variety of weapons C to take troops safely into a battle D to provide fire support from long distances 2 What is NOT true about the Stryker’s armor? A Its a type of slat armor. B Itstill offers protection after it has been pierced. C Itcan stop some armor-piercing rounds. D It gives protection from explosive weapons. 3. The purpose of cameras on the Stryker i A allow the Stryker’s weapons to track vehicles. B_ take pictures of enemy movement C create maps of the battlefield D_ provide tactical views to the commander. Vocabulary 2 Match the words/phrases with the blanks. 1. vehicle commander / Stryker Brigade Combat Team The was in charge of planning the vehicle's movements. The consists of a large number of separate battalions. 2. run-flattires /periscope Even after being pierced by rife fire, the Stryker's allowed it to move. 14 Vehicles & Platforms: Strykers The vehicle commanders view the battlefield using day-night thermal imaging cameras and a set of seven periscopes. In adcition, the commander can view digital battlefield maps and mark enemy positions, which can be seen by other units in the area. The soldier looked through the and spotted an explosive device on the ground 3. all-wheel drive/slat armor The vehicle's protected it from explosive weapons. Thanks to the vehicle's system, it was able to drive up the steep, muddy hill. 4 remote weapon station /thermal imaging camera The commander used the to get a view of the terrain in front of the vehicle The soldier controlled the external machine guns from his tening 3Q Listen to a conversation between a Stryker driver and the vehicle commander as they enter a combat zone. Then answer the questions. 1. What is most likely the current mission of the Stryker team? 2. Why does the vehicle commander use the thermal imaging camera? 3 WI y does the Stryker team have to its route? 4. Why didn’t the RPG cause significant damage to the styseelArmed to defend against attacks from above, the ‘Avenger air defense system is a first-rate mobi support unit. This missile-mounted HMMWV protects ground units from a variety of attacks. It will guard against cruise missiles, low-flying fixed- wing aircraft, helicopters, and unmanned aerial vehicles, Avengers are main features of the military forward area air defense (FAAD) system. ‘Avengers come in different arrangements. The basic Avenger has a gyro-stabilized turret mounted on 2 Humvee. The turret holds a pair of Stinger missile launch pods. Each pod is able to fire four mis in quick succession, The slew-to-cue Avenger allows the gunner to select a target from a console display. The turret will automatically slew, or rotate, into position when the target is selected. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and mark each statement as true or false. Correct the false statements. 1. The Avenger is an unmanned aerial vehicle. 2 The Avenger is often mounted onto the back of a Humvee. 3. Anti-air missiles are the only weapons used in the Avenger air defense system, Vocabulary 2 Complete the phrase that is si meaning to the underlined part. 1. When the part that the missiles are fired from was damaged, the missile system became ineffective. ena eep 2. The gunner viewed his targets on the screen. n a ilar in 3. The automatically rotating missile system shifted position quickly to engage the target. eee Nonc ss 3 Choose the correct word or phrase for each given definition. 1 astructure that allows a weapon to rotate in any direction to engage targets ‘A RCU C gyto-stabilized turet B Avenger ‘The Avenger’s crew can use the remote control unit (RCU) to operate its arsenal from a distance. The vehicles are also armed with .50 caliber M3P machine guns. 2 aweapon system thatis mounted on a vehicle ‘A mobile support unit C_ console display B launch pod 3. adefense system intended to shoot down enemy aircraft A FAAD fixed-wing B arsenal aircraft 4 an aircraft thats controlled from the ground rather than inside ofthe aircraft A Avenger B_ unmanned aerial vehicle remote control unit Listening 4Q Listen to a conversation in a military repair depot, between an engineer and a platoon sergeant, about a damaged ‘Avenger system. Then answer the questions. 1. How long will the repairs on the Avenger take? 2. Which systems on the Avenger were damaged? 3. What does the woman say about the RCU? Vehicles & Platforms: ir Defense Systems 15)With over forty variants used by more than twenty countries, the Black Hawk is one of the most. widely employed military aircrafts in the world. The UH-60 Black Hawk is a twin-engine utility helicopter with four blades. It can carry out an array of missions, such as the tactical transport of troops and aero-medical evacuation. Black Hawks are able to carry up to 4,050 kg with an external sling. Some are equipped with stub wings at the top of the fuselage to carry fuel tanks or weapons. This stub wing system is called the External Stores Support System (ESSS). The Black Hawk's armaments include machine guns and Gatling-style auto-cannons. Some may carry rockets, un pods, laser guided missiles or minefield dispersal systems as well. Black Hawks are supplied with global positioning Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 11 What type of helicopter is the Black Hawk? ‘A. an attack helicopter B_ a medical transport helicopter C an observation helicopter D autiity helicopter 2. Which of the following can be attached to a Black Hawk to allow it to carry additional equipment? A asling Ca fuselage B avoinics Da global positioning system Vocabulary 2 Choose the correct definition for each word. 1. aero-medical evacuation Aan electronic system for the Black Hawk Ban attachment for the Black Hawk helicopter C_amethod of taking casualties out of battle D astrategy used to attack the enemy 2. stub wings Aa type of wing allowing extra weight to be carried B_ wings that have been equipped with ‘weapons Ca type of wing that provides more speed D_ wings equipped with additional armor 16 Vericies« platforms: Helicopters (Utity) systems (GPS) and other advanced avionics to increase their survivability. They may reach top speeds of over 300 km/h. 3. tactical transport Aa defense system for the Black Hawk B the equipment carried by a helicopter C_a type of helicopter D the movement of troops by air Listening 3 (©. Listen to a conversation between two soldiers as they complete a pre-flight check of a Black Hawk helicopter. Put a check (/) by each system mentioned that is in good condition. Write down each problem mentioned. Pre-flight systems check UH-60 if system is mission ready system: Problems: 1 Main rotor O Fuselage Q Cockpit O Tail rotor Q Landing gearVehicles-& Platforms: Helicopters (Attack) 10 Modern advanced attack helicopters (AAHs) are complex and deadly machines of war. The sleek AH-64 Apache was expressly designed to dominate conflicts. The Apache has a nose-mounted tracking sensor used for night vision and targeting. It is armed with a Gatling-style auto-cannon and Folding-fin Air Rockets (FFARs). The cannon can be controlled by the Target Acquisition and Designation System (TADS) display. The gunner’s helmet mounted display can also be Used to aim the Apache’s weapons. The craft may also carry anti-tank and air-to-air missiles. The tandem cockpit is able to hold a crew of just two. The pilot is seated behind the copilot-gunner in an armored compartment. The AH-64D Apache Longbow is an upgrade of the modern attack helicopter. It features an advanced weapons design and tracking systems. The Westland Apache of Britain and the Israeli ‘AH-64D Saraph have been adapted from the AH- 64 Apache. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. What is the main purpose of the Apache's tracking sensor? A to monitor the helicopter’s systems B to assist in landing € to target the enemy 2. How many crew members does the Apache hold? A one B two C three Vocabulary 2. Match the words/phrases with the blanks. 1. Apache/Longbow A The helicopter is equipped with extremely advanced weapons systems, B_ Many modern attack helicopters use the same basic design found in the 2. Target Acquisition and Designation System / helmet-mounted display A The allows the crew to find and engage targets from the air B Using his , the gunner fired on the target he was looking at Listening 3 A Listen to a conversation between an Apache pilot and the co-pilot gunner. The crew is engaging enemies on the ground. Then answer the questions. 11 What targeting systems will the copilot-gunner Use to engage the enemies? 2 What targets do the Apache crew members spot on the ground? 3. Why does the copilot-gunner have to direct the pilot? Speaking 4 Use the following acronyms to give a short speech about attack helicopters. AAHs AH-64 AH-64D FFARs TADS Vebies 8 Patfrms: Heaps tack) 1711 Operations: Peacekeeping Missions From 1991 to 2002, civil war raged in the African country of Sierra Leone, claiming tens of thousands of lives and displacing more than two million people. A ceasefire was agreed to with the Lomé Peace Accord and the United Nations (UN) sent a peacekeeping force to oversee the transition. The operation was called UNAMSIL (United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone) and was deemed a success in 2005. The country at least enjoyed peace, thanks to the combined efforts of many countries. Peacekeeping missions must follow mandates. ‘These sets of strict instructions govern what peacekeepers can and cannot do. Many missions like UNAMSIL are tasked with helping governments disarm, demobilize and begin reconstruction. In crises like the one in Sierra Leone, it is also their job to provide humanitarian help. ‘Some peacekeeping missions have been going on for more than fifty years. Some may never end. There are many conflicts that don't end in peace These can split into regions with a buffer zone between them. Demilitarized zones (DMZs), like the one that separates North and South Korea, are created when both sides agree to keep military actions out of the buffer zone. For some peacekeepers, this is as close to success as they will get Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. What was the goal of the peacekeeping operation in Sierra Leone? A to finish reconstruction projects B to create a buffer zone C to oversee a peace agreement D to disarm the country 2. What is NOT mentioned as an objective of peacekeeping missions? A to provide aid to citizens of a country B to rebuild cities affected by war to remove weapons from a country’s army D tocreate mandates for a country 18 operations: Peacekeeping Missions 3. What does the passage say about North and South Korea? A They participated in the UNAMSIL operation. B They split into two countries 50 years ago. C They both employ peacekeeping forces. D_ They are separated by a DMZ. Vocabulary 2 Choose the word or phrase in each pair that is most appropriate for the blank. 1. disarm /demobilize The peacekeeping forces began to the country by shutting down weapon manufacturing plants. 2 ceasefire/peace accord The two countries signed a to temporarily stop combat operations in the war.Mission: UNMIL (United Nations Mission in Liberia) Location: liberia, Africa Mandate: + Monitor the implementation of a ceasefire agreement + Observe the disengagement of military forces + Carry out voluntary disarmament by destroying weapons + Provide humanitarian assistance History: Civil war began in Liberia in 1989 and claimed the lives of about 150,000 people. Fighting continued for years. Finally, the UN began its peacekeeping mission in 2003. Since then, it has kept the peace by following the mission's mandates. Comprehension 3 Read, listen and choose which sentence in each of the following pairs is true about the UNMIL mission. 1 A. The main objective of UNMIIL is to implement a peace accord. B A civil war began in Liberia in 1989 and continued for many years. UN peacekeepers destroyed weapons given up by Liberian fighters. B_ The UNMIL mission was completed in 2003 after the civil war ended. 2A Vocabulary 4 Complete the words which mean the same as the underlined part. Which of statements 1-4 are mandates that are a part of the UNMIL mission? 1 to assist in the implementation of an agreement between both sides to stop all combat operations a s_f__e 2. to provide assistance intended being of people affected by acrisis neat n aid nprove the well: Operations: Peacekeeping Missions 14 3. to aid in the recreation and restoration of damaged structures in a warzone ress agi. 4. to observe the process oftwo military forces ending their fighting Listening 5 A Listen to an announcement at a press conference of a fictional peacekeeping mission. Then answer the questions. 1. Whyare peacekeeping forces being deployed to the South Pacific? 2. What are the three mandates that the peacekeeping mission will follow? Fill in the answers below. * to help the country implement a in an effort to stop the war. and the eto insurgent fighters in the South Pacific * to provide to civilians affected by the fighting, Missions 19) Operations:12 Operations: Convoys When troops and supplies need to be moved across highways, roads and trails, a military convoy is formed. A convoy is a group of 20-30 vehicles that travel together for support and protection. The convoy commander is responsible for the overall ion. It is the commander's pate any danger that the march column (or vehicle line) might face. From driver fatigue to enemy assault, a convoy is at high risk of danger. Regular halts are organized by the commanders and the drivers to ensure the safety of everyone wolved. Halts provide time for maintenance, supply checks, and to give the drivers rest. A risk management assessment is needed for every operation. This details the course's physical _last few members of the convoy are the rear inspection. Other hazards, such as dangerous jes. These are tasked with maintenance, intersections and choke points must be considered recovery, and medical aid. The path of a convoy before a route is chosen. leads from the headquarters to the release point. ‘The convoy is led by the pacesetter. This vehicle ‘convoy oF UN vehicles totes Fok makes sure the planned schedule is followed. The Comprehension 3. Which of the following is used to determine the route that a convoy should take? A arrisk management assessment B_ amaintenance schedule C_amarch column D_aconvoy schedule 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. What does the passage mention as a reason for using military convoys? A to help all vehicles keep the same pace B._ to provide protection to the vehicles and crew 4 What role do the rear vehicles have im the C to enable easier communication between convoy? vehicles ‘A to adjust the route during the convoy D to allow vehicles to reach their destinations B_tosstay in contact with headquarters faster € toperform any necessary repairs in the 2. According to the passage, what is the convoy convoy commander's role in the convoy? D to;esure thatthe convoy schedules followed A to protect the convoy with fire support B_ to monitor drivers for driver fatigue to drive the pacesetter vehicle D_toplan ahead to avoid danger 20 operations: Convoys 5 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible threat to a convoy? A. choke points B poorly maintained vehicles C driver fatigue D enemy attacksVocabulary 2 Match the words/phrases (1-6) the definitions (A-F). 1 driver fatigue A a feeling of being too 2. choke point tired to drive safely 3 release point B the point at which the 4 pacesetter convoy ends 5 march column ©. the vehicle that keeps 6 convoy the convoy on schedule D a group of vehicles traveling together for protection E a section of a route that is very narrow F the formation that a convoy follows 2 Match the words/phrases with the blanks. 1. convoy/convoy commander A The gave orders to the rest of the vehicles. B As the vehicles in the approached the town, the enemy was spotted along the road 2 headquarters /release point AAs soon as the convoy reached the , the vehicles went in different directions. B The convoy commander planned a route to the destination at the unit's, 3. risk management assessment /choke point ‘A The convoy planned ahead for any potential hazards on the road using a B There was a known ‘on the road, so the convoy avoided it entirely 4 halt/pacesetter A. The convoy was behind schedule, so the had to cancel some scheduled stops. B During the _ the soldiers inspected the vehicles for any problems. Listening 4.Q Listen to a radio transmission between two vehicle drivers who are involved in planning a convoy. Write down any key vocabulary (in bold in the reading passages) that you hear. 5 Q Listen again to the conversation. Then complete the risk management assessment for the convoy. Risk Management Assessment .olntof Oren aka ae: ies Te GRASPS ES Allied Checkpoint (2) ........ @) vehicles in the march column. (Possible threats: sci ssa There are many (4) within the city, so the route must be planned carefully. Enemy resistance expected along the route. Mission recommendation! 0 The (5) should ensure that the convoy remains in motion and on schedule. 6) must be ready to offer support to damaged vehicles or wounded convoy members. Speaking 6 In pairs or small groups, use the headings below to talk about convoys. + Purpose + Command * Risk management + Risks * Organization13 Operations: Patrols Whether scouting unknown areas or seeking out and destroying the enemy, there are specific teams used to do the job. The small tactical groups that complete such tasks are called patrols. Each patrol has a set of elements assigned by the patrol leader. Elements may include an aid and litter team to treat casualties, a surveillance team, and a ‘compass man for navigation. Patrols are highly organized. Leaders take the time to map out a plan that will be successful. Plans list objectives, alternative routes, actions on enemy contact, and signals to be used. Signals can be used to avoid giving away the position of a patrol. Most signals are performed with hand and arm movements. Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 2 1. Which is the main topic of the passage? A the story of a successful mission B the organization and duties of patrols problems associated with patrol leadership D an enemy's response to a scouting patrol 2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an element in a patrol? A the aid and litter team B the suneillance team the casualty team D. the compass man 3 What A They cannot 10d by the enemy. B They are most effective at night. They are less effective than radio communication. D They help protect the location of the patrol 22 operations: Patrols can be inferred about patrol signals? 3 Vocabulary Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A- 1. scout A. the goal of a military action 2. element B a group of soldiers that 3 patrol monitors an area 4 compass a soldier in charge of man navigating in a patro! 5 objective D to look in places to get information about an enemy E_ subdivisions in a patrol Choose the word or phrase in each pair that is most appropriate for the blank. 1. patrol/aid and litter team The mission of the was to observe a high-traffic road activity. 2. elements objectives There were three of the patrol, including a surveillance team.Operations: Patrols 13 The three basic types of patrol are reconnaissance, combat, and tracking. Reconnaissance patrols are given the task of surveillance. They observe enemy properties, terrain, and routes. ‘Combat patrols attack the enemy. Their duties may involve the capture of soldiers, damage to installations, and liberation of captured friendly troops. Tracking patrols follow the trail of an enemy unit. They note the enemy's route, terrain and unit information as they track. “Special Forces reconnaissance patron Shak Vall Alghanston Comprehension Lister 9 6 (2 Listen to a conversation between soldiers on a patrol. They are walking through a 41. The duties of reconnaissance patrols include forest. Then answer the questions. capturing enemy soldiers 2 Acombat patrol might destroy an installation and attack enemy troops there. 3 Some patrols might secure the release of friendly troops being held prisoner by the enemy. 4 Read, listen and mark the following statements as true or false. 1. What type of patrol are the speakers most likely engaged in? 2 What two signs of the enemy do the patrol members see on the trail? Vocabulary 5 Complete the sentences with the correct r ission of Bravo 15? Ber Grniveses fom the word bank. 3 What most likely was the mission of Bravo 15: veconnaissance patrol (surveillance combatpatrol tracking patrol compass man 4 What additional order does Victor 21 give to Bravo 15? 1 The team gained important intelligence about the enemy through 2. The enemy installation was destroyed by the 3 The knew i the patro'’s location throughout the mission. Speaking 4 The 7 Inpairs, discuss the main differences collected information about the enemy's route. Reitenihe tires Gaels yea ct oanrol 5 The : watched and recorded enemy troop movements. Operations: Pattrols 2314 Operations: Search and-Rescue “Leave no soldier behind’ is a principle that armies around the world follow. When personnel become isolated from a unit, itis up to a search and rescue (SAR) mission to bring them back safely. Rescue in a battle zone is known as combat search and rescue (CSAR) and the units used in such conditions are SAR Task Forces (SARTFs). SARTFS are equipped, trained, and organized to deal with a direct-fire battle. The on-scene commander oversees the design of an evasion plan of action (EPA). The EPA diagrams every aspect of the operation. For example, it is designed to assist with enemy evasion and the timely recovery of distressed personnel. Current intelligence is gathered to keep EPAs as up-to-date as possible. Aid for SARs can also come from the air. The Rescue Combat Air Patrol (RESCAP) is an aircraft, that gives fire support to a CSAR over the objective area. Rescue escorts (RESCORTS) are aircraft that protect the mission on route to and from the objective.Comprehension 1 Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 1. The ultimate objective of SAR missions is to ‘A engage the enemy and neutralize forces. B deliver medical supplies to wounded soldiers. rescue personnel that get separated from their units D protect rescue vehicles on dangerous missions 2. Which of the following units provide fire support 'on search and rescue missions? A SARTF C CSAR B RESCAP D RESCORT 3. What is NOT true about the evasion plan of action? A It diagrams the recovery of lost soldiers B Its used in direct-fire battles. C It is supervised by the on-scene commander. D itis executed by CSAR units Vocabulary 2 Match the abbreviations (1-5) with the correct descriptions (A-E). 1. RESCAP 2 EPA 3. SARTF 4 RESCORT 5 CSAR A an aircraft that moves rescuers to and from a rescue mission B a special force designed to rescue personnel and engage the enemy © alan for a rescue mission D a rescue mission taking place in a battle E an aircraft that provides fire support 3 Complete the word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1 After being shot down, the helicopter crew created an enemy avoidance plan. 2. The soldiers in need of immediate assistance were quickly recovered by the SARTIF. s dp n Listening 4.Q Listen to the on-scene commander give an SAR mission overview. Then complete the EPA with the information. oe Friendly (1) shot down at (2) Personnel on the ground have been instructed to (4)... when they have visual on the rescue team, Team (5) will pick up the distressed personnel with support from © ar 77 ).. hours. Speaking 5. Use the following acronyms to give a short speech about search and rescue missions. CSAR EPA RESCAP RESCORT SAR SARTF Operations: Search and Rescue 25Ina combat zone or area of conflict, staying alive requires caution and constant threat awareness. Security checkpoints are used to monitor movement in such places. Vehicles and people passing through ‘a checkpoint are carefully inspected to make sure the insurgent, or enemy, presence is controlled. ‘Checkpoints are constructed with ‘many factors in mind. First, they need obstacles or barriers in place to slow down or halt traffic. They must have escape routes for vehicles and an attack plan for any hostile element that tries to pass through them. Holding areas allow soldiers to perform comprehensive inspections of vehicles. Interpreters and interrogators are sometimes utilized in these settings. Comprehension Vocabulary Read, listen and choose the correct answers. 2 Choose the best word or phrase to fit each 1. What is mentioned as a function of military cee checkpoints? 1. the ability to recognize dangerous situations A. preventing enemies from using vehicles Airetoar B_ allowing soldiers to hide vehicles B threat awareness C observing vehicle moverne C interpreter D blocking off roads that are dangerous D hostile element 2. According to the passage, why do checkpoints 2 apart ofa checkpoint used to examine vehicles or have attack plans? question persons prevent unauthorized passage through pe route checkpoints B obstacle to defend against attack from enemy units C interrogator iow them to take on D holding area Sade cea tale 3 anenemy fighter or other hostile person 3. Interpreters and interrogators are sometimes A interrogator B. interpreter quickly build a new checkpoin insurgent help people move through checkpoints. D_ checkpoint of an enemy attack. sist soldiers in holding areas. 26 operations: Checkpoints4 Operations: Checkpoints 15 There are three basic checkpoint designs. Deliberate checkpoints are semi- permanent installations. These are placed at medium or high traffic locations. Hasty checkpoints are set up quickly in random areas to limit the possibility of an insurgent attack on a checkpoint. These may employ tire spikes to act as temporary deterrents for insurgents. A closed checkpoint acts much the same as a roadblock. It limits or denies access to a route. Closed checkpoints often redirect traffic toward another checkpoint. Comprehension Mark each statement as true or false. Correct the underlined parts of the false statements to make them true. 1 Deliberate checkpoints are meant to be placed at places of medium to high volumes of traffic 2 Typically, a closed checkpoint is meant to slow down trafficon a route 3 According to the passage, tire spikes are used with closed checkpoints Vocabulary Look at the statements and determine which type of checkpoint they likely describe. Write the letter of the statement in the correct box. A Checkpoint Delta was set up to close off a five- mile stretch of the highway indefinitely B_ Anew checkpoint will be created at 0800 hours and will monitor the area for 24 hours C The checkpoint’s personnel should expect to y large number of vehicles dai ares checkpoint Hasty rer] checkpoint od Listening 5 © Listen to the following radio news report. The reporter is announcing a situation at a military checkpoint. Next, answer the questions. 1. What is the main announcement that the speaker makes? 2. Why weren't the insurgents harmed in the attack? 3 How will the road be protected until the checkpoint is operational again? Speaking Use the words in bold in the reading passages to give a short talk about checkpoints. Operon: Crecionts 27advanced attack helicopter (AH) IN-C-U10}: a special ground assault aircraft with twin engines and heavy firepower. 2ero-medical evacuation [N-C-U9} the transport of sick or injured personnel by way of specialized aircraft. aid and litter team [N-C-U13]: a patrol element responsible for removing and treating casualties during an operation. air-to-air missile [N-C-U10]: a uided projectile fired from one aircraft with the purpose of destroying another aircraft, airburst munitions [N-UNC-U4} small grenades fired from a weapon ‘and pre-set to explode above or beside hidden targets. all-wheel drive [ADJ-U7]: (vehicle) ‘when every wheel is being used by the engine to propel the vehicle. ambulance [N-C-U6]: a vehicle equipped to transport the sick or injured. ambush [N-C-U1]: a sudden attack from a hidden position. ‘ammunition [N-UNC-U3]: the projectiles that can be fired from a ‘weapon, such as bullets or shells device that stores cartridges and feeds them into a gun to be fired. amphibious [ADJ-USI: (vehicles) able to travel both on land and in water. anti-infiltration device [N-C-U1]: a weapon used to keep military personnel or vehicles out of an area 28 Glossary Glossary anti-personnel land mine (APL) [N- C-UI]: an explosive device used to damage enemy infantry by its blast fragments. anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) IN-C-U2]: a projectile designed to destroy heavily-armored vehicles. Apache [N-C-U10}: an advanced attack helicopter. area-denial weapon [N-C-U1]: a ‘weapon used to limit or deny land access to military traffic armaments [N-C-US]: the weapons and supplies of combat. ing [ADJ-U7] (projectile) able to penetrate armor. armored personnel carrier (APC) IN-C-U5]; a vehicle used to transport infantry to the front lines quickly and safely arsenal [N-C-U8]: a supply of weapons. auto-cannon [N-C-US]: a rapid-fire weapon that fires shells instead of bullets. ‘Avenger [N-C-U8]: air defense system consisting of an HMMWV mounted with launch pods that can fire eight surface-to-air missiles. avionics [N-UNC-US]: the electronic systems and devices used in aircrafts. battle-taxi [N-C-US]: a nickname for an armored personnel carrier. bipod [N-C-U3}: a two-legged structure that supports rifles, machine guns or other long- barreled weapons. Black Hawk [N-C-U9]; a utility helicopter. body armor [N-UNC-U4]: a protective covering designed to defend the body from weapons. buffer zone [N-C-U11]: an area that keeps two or more regions distant from one another. bullet [N-C-U3}: a small metal object that is fired from a gun's barrel. bullet-resistant glass [N-UNC-U6} ‘a material used in various military vehicle windows, designed to withstand gunfire. caliber [N-UNC-U3]: the measurement of the inside of 2 ‘gun's barrel or the width of a bullet. ‘cargo [N-C-U6]: the goods being transported by a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle. cartridge [N-C-U4 the casing for a firearm's ammunition, ‘ceasefire [N-C-U11]: an order for armies to stop fighting. chain flail (N-C-U1]: a device used by mine clearing machines to beat the ground and safely detonate mines in the vehicle's path. checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a place ‘where a military unit can inspect people and vehicles passing through a certain location. choke point [N-C-U12]: a narrow passage on a route, civil war [N-C-U11]: a war between ‘two regions or groups of the sane country Claymore [N-C-U1]: an anti- personnel mine that discharges shrapnel in an arc toward the enemy.\ dosed checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a checkpoint that limits or denies access to a route, much like a roadblock combat identification panel [N-C- Us| a device mounted on military \ehicles to allow them to be told apart from the enemy during battle. combat patrol [N-C-U13]: a military unit given the job of destroying or capturing the enemy or the enemy's properties. ‘combat search and rescue (CSAR) [N-UN-C-U14]: a search and rescue mission carried out in or near a combat zone. command detonation [ADJ-U1] (mode) when a mine is set off by the operator. compass man [N-C-U13]: the member of a patrol who assists in navigation by keeping the group on course console display [N-C-U8]: the visual piece of a central control or instrument panel convoy [N-C-U12]: a group of Vehicles traveling together for safety and support. convoy commander [N-C-U12]: the leader in charge of an entire convoy operation, copilot-gunner [N-C-U10]: the member of an aircraft crew who assists the pilot by operating an aircraft's weaponry. CornerShot [N-C-U4]: a firearm that bends in the middle, allowing the shooter to fire around a corner. current intelligence [N-UNC-U14]: the most up-to-date data concerning a route, terrain, or enemy unit. deliberate checkpoint [N-C-U15]: a semi-permanent installation where ‘a military unit can inspect people or vehicles passing through a location. demilitarized zone (DMZ) [N-C- U11]: a buffer zone devoid of any and all military action, demobilize [V-T or LU11]: to release from military use or service. direct-fire battle [N-C-US]: an exchange of fire when two forces are close enough for their weapons to be able to aim on the targets themselves. disarm [V-T or -U11}: to rid an army of weapons disengagement [N-C-U11]: the act of making two things separate from each other, such as two armies in battle. distressed personnel [N-UNC-U14] military persons in need of immediate assistance. driver fatigue [N-UNC-U12]: when ‘a vehicle operator becomes too tired to drive safely drum [N-C-U3}: a type of firearm magazine shaped like a cylinder that stores rounds in a spiral shape. element [N-C-U13] a single aspect ofa military operation escape route [N-C-U15]: a quick and safe passage from a location. evasion [N-C-U14]; the act of escaping or avoiding an enemy unit. evasion plan of action (EPA) [N-C- U14]: a strategy for avoiding the enemy during a search and rescue mission. Glossary explosive [N-C-U1]: a substance that bursts violently or causes a burst to occur. explosive-reactive armor (ERA) [N- UNC-U2]J: a defense used on certain military vehicles that detonates any penetrating weapons, causing ‘them to explode away from their targets. explosively formed penetrator (EFP) [N-C-U6]: a special type of charge designed to pierce through armor. external stores support system (€SSS) [N-C-U9}: a structure of stub wings on the fuselage of an aircraft that is able to carry fuel tanks or weapons. fire-and-forget [ADJ-U2I: (weapon) when the projectile requires no human guidance after it has been launched, fire support [N-UNC-US]: long- range firepower that helps military Units on the front line, e.g. by way of artillery or aircraft fixed-wing aircraft [N-C-U8]: (e.g airplane) having wings permanently attached to the craft’s fuselage that do not provide power or thrust. fording kit [N-C-U6]: a set of ‘equipment that allows a vehicle to travel through water of various depths. forward area air defense (FAAD) IN-UNC-U8]: a mobile, short-range security system made to defeat low-flying aircraft four-wheel drive [ADJ-U6I (vehicle) when all four wheels are being used by the engine to propel the vehicle Gossary 29Glossary friendly fire [N-UNC-U6]: when ‘one injures one’s own unit while trying to harm the enemy. fully-automatic firearm [N-C-U3} a weapon that automatically fires bullets and ejects the spent shells until the trigger is released. fuselage IN-C-U9]: the main part of an aircraft, to which the wings and tail are attached. Gat }-style [ADJ-U9]: (weapon) using multiple barrels that rotate in a cycle after each round is fired. global positioning system (GPS) [N-C-U9}: an electronic device that Uses satellites in order to allow the operator to navigate a terrain. ground clearance [N-UNC-U6]: the measurement from the lowest hanging part under a vehicle to the ground. guidance system [N-C-U2]: a device or set of devices that allow the operator to navigate an aircraft, missile, rocket, or other vehicle, gyro-stabilized turret [N-C-U8|: an armored structure with an axle that is able to spin in all directions in order to aim at any target. halt N-C-U12]: a planned rest stop along a convoy’s route. headquarters [N-UNC-U12}: the center of operations for a military unit from which orders are issued. hasty checkpoint [N-C-U15} a ‘temporary location where a military unit can inspect people or vehicles passing through an area. helmet mounted display [N-C- U10}: a device that allows an aircraft pilot or gunner to aim 30 clossary ‘weaponry at target in the direction his/her head is facing high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) [N-C- U6}: a widely-used military vehicle that is able to perform a variety of duties including troop transport, medical aid, and being a weapons platform, holding area [N-C-U15]: an enclosed location near a checkpoint where a person or vehicle can be inspected more closely by a military unit, hostile element [N-C-U15: any part of an enemy unit humanitarian [N-C-U11]: someone devoted to the well-being of other people. improvised explosive device [N-C- USI: a homemade bomb made and deployed in ways different from ‘those in standard military action. fantry fighting vehicle (IFV) [N-C- USI: a troop transport that is fitted with enough armor and weaponry to engage in direct-fre battle. infrared homing [ADJ-U2): a guidance system that uses the electromagnetic radiation given off by a target to track it insurgent [N-C-U15I: is a member of the enemy force. interpreter [N-C-U15]: someone who can translate one language into another. interrogator [N-C-U15]: someone who examines a person by asking questions. Javelin [N-C-U2]: a man-portable anti-tank guided missile. land mine [N-C-U1]: an explosive device usually detonated by contact. laser-guided missile [N-C-U9]: a projectile that is fired at a target Using a laser beam to aim it. lateral attack [N-C-U6]: an assault from the side, as opposed to from above or below. launch [V-T or -U2}: to propel with force. launch pod (N-C-U8]: a structure from which a rocket or missile is fired. line of sight [N-C-U2]: the imaginary line from the human eye to the target. Longbow [N-C-U10]: an advanced attack helicopter in the Apache group. low-velocity cannon [N-C-U4]: a cannon which fires shells at a low speed for short ranges. ‘machine gun [N-C-U3]: an automatic firearm that can shoot bullets one after the other very quickly. magazine [N-C-U3} the part of a un where cartridges are stored before use man-portable [ADJ-U2]: can be transported by a person, without the help of a vehicle. mandate [N-C-U11]: a command or instruction given by a figure of authority march column [N-C-U12]: the line of vehicles that makes up a convoy. mine clearing machine [N-C-U1]: a vehicle that creates a safe path for soldiers through a minefieldS mine plow [N-C-U1]: a device used to push land mines out of the path ofa tank. minefield [N-C-U1]: an area in which a military has used land mines. minefield dispersal system [N-C- US|: a system used to quickly lay land mines over a wide area, by way of fired artillery or dropped bombs. mobile support unit [N-C-U8]: a vehicle- or aicraft-mounted defense system used to protect ground troops. motor pool [N-C-US]: a group or fleet of vehicles. MP7 [N-C-U4]: a submachine gun that uses armor-piercing ammunition similar to that used by modern rifles night vision [N-UNC-U10]: A device with night vision gives the operator the ability to see in a dark environment. nose-mounted [ADJ-U10}: (device) attached to an aircraft's most forward point (the nose). objective [N-C-U13]: a goal that ‘one works toward. objective area [N-C-U14]: the location at which a military unit's mission is aimed. obstacle [N-C-U15]: something that blocks or stands in the way of progress on-scene commander [N-C-U 14] the leader of a search and rescue mission. optical (ADJ-U2]: relating to the ability to see. pacesetter [N-C-U12]: the lead Vehicle in a convoy that makes sure the planned schedule is followed, patrol [N-C-U13}: a military unit assigned to observe or take action in a specific area. patrol leader [N-C-U13]: the ‘commander of a patrol. peace accord [N-C-U11]: an agreement between warring groups to stop fighting, peacekeeping [ADJ-U1 1: (mission oF force) with the objective of upholding peace among hostile ‘groups. penetrating weapon [N-C-U2]: a weapon designed to break into or pierce a target. periscope [N-C-U7] a device that uses mirrors to allow the operator to view an environment from an indirect line of sight. prototype [N-C-U4]: an original form or design of a device. rate of fire [N-UNC-U3]: the speed at which a weapon can discharge its projectiles rear vehicle [N-C-U12]: one of the last members of a convoy, responsible for maintenance, recovery, and medical ai. recoil [N-UNC-U3}: the abrupt backward movement a gun makes when it is fired. reconnaissance patrol [N-C-U13} a military unit that provides current information on the enemy and terrain reconstruction [N-UNC-U11]: the act of building again or renewing. Glossary recovery [N-C-U14]: the act of getting back or reclaiming a person or object. release point [N-C-U12]: the final destination of a military convoy. remote control unit (RCU) [N-C- U8}; a unit that allows the crew to operate a vehicle's weapons from a distance. emote weapon station (RWS) [N- ‘C-U7|: a munitions platform that ‘can be operated from a distance. rescue combat air patrol (RESCAP) {N-C-U14): an aircraft that provides fire support over an objective area for a combat search and rescue mission. rescue escort (RESCORT) [N-C- Ut4}: an aircraft that provides fire support to a combat search and rescue mission on route to and from the objective area risk management assessment [N- C-U12]:a detailed description of a convoy route's physical dangers. roadblock [N-C-U15]: a barricade or obstruction preventing access to aroute. rounds per minute [PHRASE-U3]. the speed at which a gun can fire cartridges over the course of one minute. run-flat tire [N-C-U7]: a tire that is designed to keep being useful to a vehicle after it has been punctured. sandbag [N-C-U4]: a bag filled with sand, used in the creation of barriers or obstacles. ‘SAR Task Force (SARTF) [N-C-U14]: a military unit that recovers, distressed personnel from a combat zone. sossary 31Glossary scout [V-T or I-U13}; to explore or ‘observe in order to gain information. search and rescue (SAR) [N-UNC- U14]: missions to recover personnel isolated from their unit and perhaps in danger. self-destruct [V-I-U1}: (e.g. mine) destroy itself. shoulder-launched weapon [N-C- U2]: a weapon that fires a projectile (usually a missile or rocket) at a target and is small enough to be carried by a single person. shrapnel [N-UNC-U1} the fragments from an explosive; also, the metal balls in certain artillery shells. slat armor [N-UNC-U7I: a defensive covering used on certain military vehicles, that is able to detonate explosive rounds before they hit the vehicle's hull slew-to-cue [ADI-U8}: (turret) able to shift into position automatically When the operator selects a target on a console display. sling [N-C-U9]: a construction used for lifting and carrying an object. special-purpose weapon [N-C- Ud): a firearm that combines more than one function, such as a rifle with a grenade launcher attached Stryker [N-C-U7I: a type of infantry fighting vehicle used by the United States Army. ‘Stryker Brigade Combat Team [N- C-U7]: a group of Stryker IFVs that work together toward a common goal stub wing [N-C-U9]: a type of wing on an aircraft that allows extra weight to be carried 32 _ Glossary N\ submachine gun [N-C-U4]: a firearm that combines the automatic fire of a machine gun and the cartridge of a pistol suppressive fire [N-UNC-U3]: the discharge of weapons at the enemy ‘to keep them from seeing, tracking, or firing at a target surface-to-air missile [N-C-U5]: a projectile fired from a device on the ground with the purpose of destroying an aircraft. ‘surveillance [N-UNC-U13]: the close observation of a person or group. tactical group [N-C-U13]: a military Unit that carries out an operation tactical transport [N-UNC-U9]: the movement of personnel or equipment by way of a ground vehicle or aircraft. tandem cockpit [N-C-U10}: an aircraft cockpit which seats two ‘crew members, one behind the other. ‘tandem warhead [N-C-U2}: an explosive projectile that detonates ‘two separate charges, the first to destroy explosive-reactive armor and the second to penetrate the main armor of a target. Target Acquisition and Designation System (TADS) [N-C- U10}: a device that allows a helicopter gunner to aim at a target with a helmet-mounted display. thermal [ADJ-U2]: related to the sensation or observation of heat. ‘thermal-imaging camera [N-C-U7I ‘a camera which allows the user to see a target by the heat it gives off. threat awareness [N-UNC-U15]: the ability to recognize immediate danger. time-delay [ADJ-U1]: (device) set to ‘operate after a fixed amount of time has passed. tire spike [N-C-U15}: a sharp device used to impede or stop the movernent of a vehicle by puncturing its tres. ‘TOW [N-C-U2I: an anti-tank guided missile that can be launched from a variety of different platforms. tracking patrol [N-C-U13]: a military group that follows an enemy unit, gathering information about the enemy, the route, and the terrain as they track trigger [N-C-U3]: a part of the firearm that causes it to fire when pressed. tripod [N-C-U2J a structure with three legs made to hold a machine un, missle, or other weapon. twin-engine [N-UNC-U9}: (aircraft) powered by two separate engines. unmanned aerial vehicle [N-C-U8} an aircraft operated remotely with ‘no personnel on board, utility helicopter [N-C-U9]: a helicopter used for many purposes (transport, surveillance, air or ground assault, etc.) vehicle commander [N-C-U7I: the leader of a Stryker IFV who also serves as its gunner. victim-initiated [ADJ-U1: (e.g. mine) operated unintentionally by the person it is meant to harm. XM29 OICW [N-C-U4]:a prototype assault rifle that fires airburst ‘munitions to damage hidden targets.